Aprueban Disposiciones Específicas para los EIAs Detallados del Sector Energía y Minas -...

8/12/2019 Aprueban Disposiciones Especficas para los EIAs Detallados del Sector Energa y Minas - Resolucin Ministerial 092

1/55

Ebftr` Qbrumf` nb Nbsmrr`jj` & Qr`nueeof

Soemrn` Emrrmse` Hrmfeom

^bjhs. ??292>882 ?8

remrrmseÀpbrupr`nueeo`f.e`d/ msbs`romApbrupr`nueeo`f.e`d

EQNQ 152-31=>

MQSRBCMF NOUQ@UOEO@FBU BUQBEHOEMU QMSM J@U BOMU NBJ UBE^@SBFBSIM _ DOFMUBj nm nb l`y lm son` pucjoemnm jm Sbs`jueof Dofostbromj 1?3-31=>-DBD/ND,

mpr`cmfn` jms nosp`soeo`fbs bspbehoems pmrm j`s Bstuno`s nb Odpmet`

Mdcobftmj Nbtmjjmn`s nbj sbet`r Bfbrim y Dofms (bf cmsb m j` bstmcjbeon` bf

bj Nberbt` Uuprbd` 181-31=5-QED). Bstm rbs`jueof bftrmr bf voibfeom mpmrtor nb j`s ?1 nms emjbfnmro` nb su pucjoemeof.Q`r bstm rbs`jueof sb mprubcm j`s ^rdof`s nb Sbhbrbfeom E`dufbs nb j`s

BOM Nbtmjjmn`s pmrm j`s Qr`ybet`s Dofbr`s, e`fh`rdb Mfbx` O. Bs odp`rtmftbnbstmemr qub j`s BOM-N y d`nohoemeo`fbs nb j`s pr`ybet`s dofbr`s nb

bxpj`tmeof, cbfbhoeo`, jmc`r ibfbrmj, trmfsp`rtb y/ ` mjdmebfmdobft` nb

dofbrmjbs, nbcbf bjmc`rmrsbnb e`fh`rdonmn e`f j`s ^rdof`s nb SbhbrbfeomE`dufbs mpr`cmn`s; y mf dms, jm rbs`jueof bxprbsm qub f` sb mndotorf mtrdotb fo sbrf bvmjumn`s j`s BOM qub f` eudpjmf e`f bj e`ftbfon` y jmbstrueturm nb j`s ^rdof`s nb Sbhbrbfeom E`dufbs.@tr` mspbet` rbjbvmftb nb bstm rbs`jueof, bst rbjmeo`fmn` e`f jm

e`dufoemeof, e``rnofmeof y supbrvosof nb jm NIMMD bf jm bjmc`rmeof nb

j`s BOM, e`d` bf j`s tmjjbrbs pmrtoeopmtov`s prbvo`s; p`r tmft`7

.

J`s totujmrbs dofbr`s nbcbf e`dufoemr prbvomdbftb p`r bserot` m jmNIMMD jm hbelm nb ofoeo` nb bjmc`rmeof nb j`s BOM-N ` nb susd`nohoemeo`fbs ofnoemfn` jm e`fsujt`rm e`ftrmtmnm ms e`d` j`sdbemfosd`s nb pmrtoeopmeof eounmnmfm rbmjozmn`s mftbs nb jm

bjmc`rmeof nbj bstuno`. Eumfn` sb prbsbftb bj bstuno` ` su

d`nohoemeof eujdofmn`, sb nbcbr prbsbftmr e`pom nbj emri` nb jm

e`dufoemeof prbvom.

Jm jfbm cmsb, jm onbftohoemeof nb odpmet`s, bj pjmf nb dmfbg` y nbdsmspbet`s nbj BOM-N ` su d`nohoemeof, nbcb sbr bjmc`rmnm p`r jm

e`fsujt`rm, e`f jm pmrtoeopmeof nbj totujmr dofbr`, cmg` jm supbrvosof y

bf e``rnofmeof e`f jm NIMMD, j` qub odpjoem rbufo`fbs bf imcofbtb

y/` vosotms m emdp`. Jm NIMMD bst hmeujtmnm pmrm e`fvèmr m rbufo`fbs bf e``rnofmeofe`f bj totujmr dofbr` y m jm e`fsujt`rm e`ftrmtmnm pmrm ofh`rdmrsb nb j`s

mvmfebs bf jm bjmc`rmeof nbj bstuno` ` d`nohoemeof, punobfn` h`rdujmr

rbe`dbfnmeo`fbs mj dosd` y rbqubror jm pmrtoeopmeof nb `trms

mut`ronmnbs ` bftonmnbs `pofmftbs pmrm bjj`. Jm NIMMD rbqubror jm

pmrtoeopmeof nb jm MFM pmrm nbtbrdofmr bj p`socjb odpmet` m eubrp`s

nb mium.

Jm e`fsujt`rm nbcb pr`p`reo`fmr jm ofh`rdmeof nb jm jfbm cmsb u `trmfbebsmrom m jm NIMMD, eumfn` jb sbm rbqubronm p`r stm.

Mftbs nb nbhofor j`s dbemfosd`s nb pmrtoeopmeof eounmnmfm ` jmjèmjonmn ` jèmjonmnbs, n`fnb sb nbsmrr`jjmrf j`s tmjjbrbs pmrtoeopmtov`s

prbvo`s m jm bjmc`rmeof y prbsbftmeof nb j`s BOM-ns ` d`nohoemeo`fbs,

bj totujmr dofbr` sb nbcbr e`dufoemr e`f jm NIMMD, m bhbet`s nb

e``rnofmr jm nbhofoeof nbj juimr y hbelm pmrm bj nbsmrr`jj` nb j`s
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


2/55

Ebftr` Qbrumf` nb Nbsmrr`jj` & Qr`nueeof


^bjhs. ??292>882 ?8

remrrmseÀpbrupr`nueeo`f.e`d/ msbs`romApbrupr`nueeo`f.e`d

dosd`s. Bf bstm btmpm sb supbrvosmr jm bjmc`rmeof nbj Qjmf nb

Qmrtoeopmeof Eounmnmfm.

Nb `tr` jmn`, rbspbet` nb mqubjj`s totujmrbs qub tbfimf BOM ` d`nohoemeo`fbsbf trdotb y bf bjmc`rmeof prbsbftmn`s mftbs nb jm bftrmnm bf voibfeom nb

bstm Sbs`jueof Dofostbromj y bstf cmg` bvmjumeof bf jm NIMMD, e`ftofumrf

su trmdotmeof e`f jms f`rdms mftbro`rbs lmstm bj trdof` nbj prèbnodobft`

mndofostrmtov`.

Uodojmr prèbnodobft` sbr mpjoemcjb eumfn` sb lmym ofoeomn` jm bjmc`rmeof nb

su BOM ` d`nohoemeof y bj totujmr dofbr` f` j` lucobrm prbsbftmn`, bf tmft`

merbnotb hblmeobftbdbftb7 jm e`ftrmtmeof nb ufm e`fsujt`rm rbiostrmnm pmrm jm

bjmc`rmeof nb j`s bstuno`s y lucobrbf rbmjozmn` bj sbiufn` tmjjbr ofh`rdmtov`

prbvo` ` bgbeutmn` uf dbemfosd` nb pmrtoeopmeof eounmnmfm bf ems` nb

d`nohoemeof, prbvomdbftb m jm bftrmnm bf voibfeom nb jm rbs`jueof `cgbt` nb

bstb ofh`rdb

Mtbftmdbftb


Jodm, hbcrbr` 39 nb 31=>
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


3/55

Bj Qbrumf

Gubvbs 39 nb hbcrbr` nb 31=>2=92?8

Mprubcmf nosp`soeo`fbs bspbeohoemspmrm j`s Bstu no`s nb Odp met` Md cobftmjNbtmjj mn`s nbj sbet`r Bfbrim y Dof ms

SBU@JREOF DOFOU^BSOMJF 1?3-31=>-DBD/ND

Jodm, 3> nb hbcrbr` nb 31=>

XOU^@7

Bj fudbrmj = nbj mrteuj` 3 nbj Nberbt` Uuprbd` F181-31=5-QED, qub mpr`c jms nosp`soeo`fbs bspbeomjbspmrm jm bgbeueof nb prèbnodobft`s mndofostrmtov`sy `trms dbnonms pmrm odpujsmr pr`ybet`s nb ofvbrsofpcjoem y provmnm;

E@FUONBSMFN@7

]ub, e`f Nberbt` Uuprbd` F 12>-31=5-QED, sbmpr`cmr`f jms nosp`soeo`fbs bspbeomjbs pmrm jm bgbeueof

nb j`s prèbnodobft`s mndofostrmtov`s nb mut`rozmeo`fbsy/` ebrtoemeo`fbs pmrm j`s pr`ybet`s nb ofvbrsof bf bjdcot` nbj tbrrot`ro` fmeo`fmj;

]ub, e`f Nberbt` Uuprbd` F 181-31=5-QED, sbmpr`cmr`f jms nosp`soeo`fbs bspbeomjbs pmrm jm bgbeueofnb prèbnodobft`s mndofostrmtov`s y `trms dbnonmspmrm odpujsmr pr`ybet`s nb ofvbrsof pcjoem y provmnm,sbmjfn`sb nosp`soeo`fbs bspbeems pmrm j`s Bstuno`snb Odpmet` Mdcobftmj Nbtmjjmn`s y Ubdonbtmjjmn`s nbjsbet`r Bfbrim y Dofms;

]ub, bj fudbrmj = nbj mrteuj` 3 nbj eotmn` NberbtÙuprbd`, bstmcjbeb qub jms bftonmnbs pcjoems quboftbrvobfbf bf bj prèbnodobft` pmrm jm bvmjumeofnb j`s Bstuno`s nb Odpmet` Mdcobftmj Nbtmjjmn`s yUbdonbtmjjmn`s, nbcbrf mpr`cmr e`fguftmdbftb trdof`snb rbhbrbfeom pmrm j`s pr`ybet`s e`f emrmetbrstoemse`dufbs;

]ub, pmrm noel` f jm mut`ronmn mdcobftmj e`dpbtbftb

rbdotor m jms bftonmnbs pcjoems qub bdotbf `pofofvofeujmftb y f` vofeujmftb, jm pr`pubstm nb trdof`s nbrbhbrbfeom pmrm pr`ybet`s e`f emrmetbrstoems e`dufbs;

]ub, msodosd`, jubi` nb e`fsbfsumn`s j`s trdof`snb rbhbrbfeom pmrm j`s pr`ybet`s e f emrmetbrstoemse`dufbs, bst`s sbrf rbdoton`s mj Dofostbro` nbj Mdcobftb(DOFMD) pmrm su e`fèodobft`;

]ub, bf vortun nb bjj`, jm Norbeeof Ibfbrmj nbMsuft`s Mdcobftmjbs Dofbr`s (NIMMD) nbj Dofostbro`nb Bfbrim y Dofms, bjmc`r ufm Qr`pubstm nb^rdof`s nb Sbhbrbfeom E`dufbs (^NS) pmrm j`sBstuno`s nb Odpmet` Mdcobftmj Nbtmjjmn`s (Emtbi`rmOOO) nb j`s pr`ybet`s dofbr`s;

]ub, dbnomftb j`s èo`s F =38=-31=5-DBD-MMD,=383-31=5-DBD-MMD y =385-31=5-DBD-MMD nb hbelm=? nb gufo` nbj 31=5, sb rbdoto jm Qr`pubstm nb rdof`snb Sbhbrbfeom E`dufbs (^NS) pmrm j`s Bstuno`s nbOdpmet` Mdcobftmj Nbtmjjmn`s (Emtbi`rm OOO) nb j`s

pr`ybet`s dofbr`s m jm Norbeeof nb Emjonmn nb Sbeurs`sLnroe`s nb jm Mut`ronmn Fmeo`fmj nbj Mium (MFM), m jmNorbeeof nb Msuft`s Mdcobftmjbs Mirmro`s nbj Dofostbro`nb Miroeujturm y Sobi` (DOFMISO) y m jm Norbeeof Ibfbrmjnb rbms Fmturmjbs Qr`tbionms p`r bj Bstmn` (UBSFMFQ),rbspbetovmdbftb;

]ub, dbnomftb @eo` F 99=-31=5-UBSFMFQ-NIMFQ,bj UBSFMFQ rbdoto su `pofof rbspbet` nb jm pr`pubstmnb j`s trdof`s nb rbhbrbfeom e`dufbs; msodosd`, jm MFMrbdoto su pofof tefoem m trmvs nbj Ofh`rdb efoe` F1>2-31=5-MFM-NIESL/DUU y jm Norbeeof Ibfbrmj nbMsuft`s Mdcobftmjbs Mirmro`s nbj Dofostbro` nb Miroeujturmy Sobi`, j` loz` m trmvs nb @eo` F =353-=5-DOFMISO-NIMMM-95-=5;

]ub, jubi` nb e`fsbfsumnms jms `pofo`fbstefoems mjemfzmnms m jm Norbeeof Ibfbrmj nb Msuft`sMdcobftmjbs Dofbr`s, m trmvs nbj @hoeo` F =882-31=5/DBD-MMD, nb hbelm 12 nb mi`st` nbj 31=5 sb

rbdoto mj Dofostbro` nbj Mdcobftb bj pr`ybet` nb pmrmsu e`fèodobft`;]ub, p`r Sbs`jueof Gbhmturmj F 21.- Nb jm e``rnofmeof y supbrvos of nb jmNIMMD bf j`s tmjjbrbs pmrtoeopmtov`s prbvo`s

Mftbs nb nbfor j`s dbemfosd`s nb pmrtoeopmeofeounmnmfm ` jm jèmjonmn ` jèmjonmnbs, n`fnb sbnbsmrr`jjmrf j`s tmjjbrbs pmrtoeopmtov`s prbvo`s m jmbjmc`rmeof y prbsbftmeof nb j`s Bstuno`s nb Odpmet`Mdcobftmj Nbtmjjmn`s ` d`noemeo`fbs, bj totujmr dofbr`sb nbcbr e`dufoemr e`f jm NIMMD, m bhbet`s nbe``rnofmr jm nbfoeof nbj juimr y hbelm pmrm bj nbsmrr`jj`nb j`s dosd`s, e`fh`rdb m jm f`rdmtovonmn voibftb. Bfbstm btmpm sb supbrvosmr jm bjmc`rmeof nbj Qjmf nbQmrtoeopmeof Eounmnmfm.

Soemrn` Emrrmse` Hrmfeom - remrrmseÀpbrupr`nueeo`f.e`d


4/55

Bj Qbrumf

Gubvbs 39 nb hbcrbr` nb 31=> 2=92?9

Jm supbrvosof, e``rnofmeof y vosotms nb emdp` qubsb rbmjoebf bf mpjoemeof nb bstm Sbs`jueof Dofostbromjs`f sbrvoeo`s prbstmn`s p`r jm NIMMD.

Mrteuj` 2.- Nb j`s BOM ` d`noemeo`fbs bf trdotby bf bjmc`rmeofJ`s Bstuno`s nb Odpmet` Mdcobftmj y/` d`noemeo`fbs

nb noel`s bstuno`s, prbsbftmn`s mftbs nb jm bftrmnmbf voibfeom nb jm prbsbftb Sbs`jueof Dofostbromj y qubsb bfeubftrbf bf bvmjumeof bf jm Norbeeof Ibfbrmjnb Msuft`s Mdcobftmjbs Dofbr`s, e`ftofumrf sutrmdotmeof e`f jms f`rdms mftbro`rbs lmstm bj trdof` nbjprèbnodobft` mndofostrmtov`.

Oiumj prèbnodobft` sb mpjoemr bf j`s ems`s nbtotujmrbs dofbr`s, qub lmymf ofoeomn` jm bjmc`rmeof nbsu Bstuno` nb Odpmet` Mdcobftmj ` nb su d`noemeofy f` j` lmymf prbsbftmn`, sobdprb qub merbnotbfhblmeobftbdbftb y e`f nèudbft`s7 jm e`ftrmtmeof nbufm e`fsujt`rm rbiostrmnm pmrm jm bjmc`rmeof nb j`sbstuno`s y lmymf rbmjozmn` bj sbiufn` tmjjbr ofh`rdmtov`prbvo` ` bgbeutmn` uf dbemfosd` nb pmrtoeopmeofeounmnmfm bf ems` nb d`noemeof, e`f mftbro`ronmn

m jm bftrmnm bf voibfeom nb jm prbsbftb Sbs`jueofDofostbromj.

Mrteuj` 8.- XoibfeomJm prbsbftb Sbs`jueof Dofostbromj bftrmr bf voibfeom

m pmrtor nb j`s ?1 nms emjbfnmro` nb su pucjoemeof bf bjnomro` @eomj Bj Qbrumf`.

Sbistrbsb y e`dufqubsb y pucjqubsb.

G@SIB DBSOF@ ^MHRSDofostr` nb Bfbrim y Dofms

=12>831-=

Sbetohoemf brr`r dmtbromj ofeurron`bf jm S.D. F 119-31=>-DBD/ND,

qub nbejmr bxtofiuonm sbrvonudcrbe`fstotuonm rbspbet` m j`tb nb pr`ybet`nb lmcojotmeof urcmfm ucoemn` bf bjnostrot` nb Elmejmemy`, pr`vofeom ynbpmrt mdbft` nb Jod m

SBU@JREOF DOFOU^BSOMJF 1?5-31=>-DBD/ND


XOU^@7 Bj nèudbft` e`f rbiostr` nb ofirbs` F3583355 nb hbelm 3< nb bfbr` nb 31=>, prbsbftmn` p`rCBUE@ U.M.E.;

E@FUONBSMFN@7

]ub, dbnomftb Sbs`jueof Dofostbromj F 119-31=>-DBD/ND, pucjoemnm bj =9 nb bfbr` nb 31=>, sb nbejmrbxtofiuonm jm sbrvonudcrb e`fstotuonm mj mdpmr` nb jmSbs`jueof Dofostbromj F =83 nb hbelm 51 nb dmrz` nb=?81, rbspbet` mj J`tb B, J`tbs 8, 9, , CBUE@ U.M.E.ofh`rd qub bf jm Sbs`jueof Dofostbromj F 119-31=>-DBD/ND bxostb uf brr`r dmtbromj, mj lmcbrsb sbmjmn` bfbj tbrebr e`fsonbrmfn` jm Qmrtonm F >85?58>5 bf juimr nbjm Qmrtonm F >5185339;

]ub, nb meubrn` m jm nètrofm, bs e`fh`rdb s`stbfbrqub bj brr`r dmtbromj mtobfnb m uf brr`r nb trmfseropeof,uf brr`r nb dbemfìrmhm, uf brr`r nb bxprbsof, bf

jm rbnmeeof nbj nèudbft`, bf `trms pmjmcrms, uf brr`rmj s`p`rtb dmtbromj qub j` e`ftobfb y f` m jm v`juftmn `rmz`fmdobft` nbj met`;

]ub, mj rbspbet`, bj fudbrmj 31=.= nbj mrteuj` 31=nb jm Jby F 39>>>, Jby nbj Qrèbnodobft` MndofostrmtovÌbfbrmj, prbv tmj sotumeof y nosp`fb qub J`s brr`rbsdmtbromj mrotdtoe` bf j`s met`s mndofostrmtov`s pubnbf sbr

rbetoemn`s e`f bhbet` rbtr`metov`, bf eumjquobr d`dbft`,nb èo` ` m ofstmfeom nb j`s mndofostrmn`s, sobdprb qubf` sb mjtbrb j` sustmfeomj nb su e`ftbfon` fo bj sbfton` nbjm nbeosof;

]ub, jm rbetoemeof s`joeotmnm f` mjtbrm j` bsbfeomjnbj e`ftbfon`, fo bj sbfton` nb jm Sbs`jueof DofostbromjF 119 -31=>-DBD/ND, p`r j` qub e`rrbsp`fnb bdotorjm rbspbetovm rbs`jueof, m f nb sucsmfmr noel` brr`rdmtbromj, nb e`fh`rdonmn e`f j` prbvost` bf bj fudbrmj31=.= nbj mrteuj` 31= nb jm Jby nbj Qrèbnodobft`Mndofostrmtov` Ibfbrmj;

]ub, jm Norbeeof Ibfbrmj nb Bjbetroeonmn, jubi` nblmcbr bvmjumn` bj nèudbft` e`f rbiostr` nb ofirbs` F3583355 nb hbelm 3< nb bfbr` nb 31=>, lm bdoton` bjOfh`rdb F 1?-NIB-NEB;

E`f jm `pofof hmv`rmcjb nbj Norbet`r Ibfbrmj nbBjbetroeonmn y bj vost` cubf` nbj Xoeb Dofostr` nb Bfbrim;

UB SBURBJXB7

Mr teu j` foe `.- Sbetohoemr bj brr`r dmtbromjofeurron` bf bj tbrebr e`fsonbrmfn` nb jm Sbs`jueofDofostbromj F 119 -31=>-DBD/ND, nb meubrn` m j`soiuobftb7

NOEB7

()F >85?58>5,()

NBCB NBEOS7

()F >5185339,()

Sbistrbsb, e`dufqubsb y pucjqubsb.

G@SIB DBSOF@ ^MHRSDofostr` nb Bfbrim y Dofms

=12>329-=

Bstmcjbebf pmrm bhbet` nbj fudbrmj2.5 nbj mrteuj` 2 nbj Sbijmdbft` nbjNberbt` Jbiosjmtov` F ?95, d`ft`nb ofvbrsof m emri` nb jm bdprbsmE`fs`reo` ^r msdmft mr` U.M.

SBU@JREOF DOFOU^BSOMJF 1?>-31=>-DBD/ND


E@FUONBSMFN@7

]ub, bj fudbrmj 5.5 nbj mrteuj` 5 nbj Nberbt` Jbiosjmtov`F ?95 bstmcjbeb qub dbnomftb Sbs`jueof Dofostbromj nbjsbet`r e`dpbtbftb sb mpr`cmr m jms pbrs`fms fmturmjbs` gurnoems qub emjoqubf pmrm bj ièb nbj Siodbf, mse`d` j`s cobfbs, sbrvoeo`s y e`ftrmt`s nb e`fstrueeofqub `t`rimrf jm Sbeupbrmeof Mftoeopmnm nbj OIX, pmrmemnm E`ftrmt`;

]ub, bj mrteuj` 3 nbj Sbijmdbft` nbj Nberbt`Jbiosjmtov` F ?95, e`fe`rnmn` e`f j`s fudbrmjbs9.= y 9.5 nbj mrteuj` 9 nbj Nberbt` Jbiosjmtov` F?95, d`nohoemn` p`r jm Jby F 51128, bstmcjbeb qubdbnomftb jm Sbs`jueof Dofostbromj sb prbeosmr,bftrb `tr`s mspbet`s jm e`cbrturm nbj Siodbf nbSbeupbrmeof Mftoeopmnm nbj Odpubst` Ibfbrmj m jmsXbftms;

]ub, e`f hbelm 3= nb gufo` nb 31=3 E@FU@SEO@^SMFUDMF^MS@ U.M. ebjbcr, bf su emjonmn nbofvbrso`fostm, uf E`ftrmt` nb Ofvbrsof e`f bj Bstmn`

p`r bj Qr`ybet` nbf`dofmn` Jfbm nb ^rmfsdosof^rugojj` - Eloejmy` bf 211 kX, pmrm bhbet` nb meìbrsbm j` bstmcjbeon` bf bj Nberbt` Jbiosjmtov` F ?95, tmjy e`d` j` nosp`fb bj mrteuj` 5 nb jm rbhbronm f`rdmjbimj;

]ub, dbnomftb jm Sbs`jueof Uuprbdm F =19-31=3-BD, pucjoemnm bj =1 nb f`vobdcrb nbj 31=3, sb mpr`c



5/55


6/55

hho0,>X;;

O^BD NB^MJJBmtbfeof m sus pmrtoeujmronmnbs.Jostmr y nbserocor bj dmre` ofstotueo`fmj voibftb y mpjoemcjb mj pr`ybet` dofbr`.Nbrbel`s ` I`febso`fbs DofbrmsJostmr j`s nbrbel`s ` e`febso`fbs dofbrms qub mcmremr bj rbm nb metovonmn nbjpr`ybet` dofbr`, e`f ofnoemeof nb sus nmt`s nb ofseropeof bf j`s rbiostr`spcjoe`s. Mnguftmr pjmf` nb e`febso`fbs dofbrms qub sb supbrp`fim m j`se`dp`fbftbs nbj pr`ybet`.Qbrdos`s BxostbftbsJostmr jms joebfeoms, mut`rozmeo`fbs y pbrdos`s `t`rimn`s p`r jms mut`ronmnbsmndofostrmtovms nb fovbj fmeo`fmj, rbio`fmj y dufoeopmj, qub sb lucobrmf `ctbfon`bf jms btmpms nb bxpj`rmeof dofbrm, nb trfsot` lmeom jm bxpj`tmeof ` pmrm jmsmetovonmnbs sugbtms m d`nohoemeof.Qrbeosmr jm(s) ebrtohoemeof(bs) mdcobftmj(bs) qub mpr`cmr`f j`s ofstrudbft`s nbibstof mdcobftmj y jms metovonmnbs dofbrms prbvoms, e`rrbsp`fnobftbs.Qr`pobnmn supbrhoeomjjnbftohoemr j`s p`sbso`fmro` y/` pr`pobtmro`s nb j`s tbrrbf`s supbrhoeomjbs nbj rbmn`fnb sb ucoemr bj pr`ybet` dofbr`.e. @cgbtov` nbj pr`ybet` dofbr` y nbj Bstunoè.j. @cgbtov` nbj Qr`ybetÒfnoemr jms profeopmjbs metovonmnbs m nbsmrr`jjmr y bj top` nb dofbrmj qub sbrdmtbrom nb bxpj`tmeof.e3. @cgbtov` nbj Bstuno`jnbftohoemr y bvmjumr j`s odpmet`s mdcobftmjbs y sèomjbs nbj pr`ybet` pmrmnbtbrdofmr jms dbnonms nb prbvbfeof, e`ftr`j, dotoimeof, rbdbnomeof y jmp`socjb e`dpbfsmeof mdcobftmj, qub e`rrbsp`fnm. Bj bstuno` tobfb qub sbrnbsmrr`jjmn` m fovbj nb hmetocojonmn e`f jm hofmjonmn qub pbrdotm tmdcof `ctbfbrjms mut`rozmeo`fbs, pbrdos`s y joebfeoms rbspbetovms p`r pmrtb nb jms bftonmnbse`rrbsp`fnobftbs.n. Jèmjozmeof Q`jtoem y Ibìrhoem nbj Qr`ybetÒfnoemr jm ucoemeof p`jtoem y ibìrhoem nbj pr`ybet`.Qmrm jm ucoemeof p`jtoem, prbeosmr ebftr`(s) p`cjmn`(s), nostrot`(s), pr`vofeom(s) yrbiof(bs) nbftr` nb jms qub sb ucoem bj pr`ybet`.Qmrm jm ucoemeof ibìrhoem nbcbr t`dmrsb bf eubftm jms soiuobftbsrbhbrbfeoms7=. Qrbeosmr jms e``rnbfmnms R^D e`f Nmtud l`roz`ftmj YIU ofnoemfn` jmz`fm nb pr`ybeeof e`rrbsp`fnobftb nb jms rbms nb metovonmn y nb us` nbjpr`ybet`, ms e`d`, bj puft` rbhbrbfeomj nbj rbm nbj pr`ybet` e`fsonbrmfn`bj e`dp`fbftb profeopmj.3. jfnoemr bf qu eubfem ` eubfems lonrìrhoems sb jèmjozm bj pr`ybet`.5. Nbtmjjmr jms vms nb meebs`.>. Ubmjmr jms rbms fmturmjbs pr`tbionms ` z`fms nb md`rtoiumdobft` bf jmsqub sb punobrm jèmjozmr bj pr`ybet`.2. Ofnoemr so bj rbm nb pr`ybet` sb ucoemf bf tobrrms y/` tbrrot`ro`s nbe`dufonmnbs emdpbsofms, fmtovms y/` nb pubcj`s ofnibfms.

Qiofm 3 nb 2=



7/55

Ofejuor uf dmpm ` pjmf` e`f cmsb t`pìrhoem m bsemjm =732 111 u `trm mpr`pomnmnb meubrn` mj rbm nbj pr`ybet`, bf e``rnbfmnms R^D y W`fm qub bvonbfeob nbdmfbrm ejmrm j`s mspbet`s ofnoemn`s bf bstb fudbrmj.^`nm jm emrtìrmhm nbcbr bstmr ib` rbhbrbfeomnm, ofejuybfn` pjmf`s y dmpmsnbj bstuno` nbcbr sbr prbsbftmnm bf sostbdm nb e``rnbfmnms R^D e`f Nmtudl`roz`ftmjYIUU> ofnoemfn` jm z`fm nb pr`ybeeof e`rrbsp`fnobftb.b. Nbseropeof nb jms nostoftms btmpms nbj pr`ybet` nb bxpj`tmeof yer`fìrmdm bstodmn`

Ub ofnoemr y nbserocor jms btmpms nbj pr`ybet`7 e`fstrueeof, `pbrmeof,dmftbfodobft` y eobrrb (e`febptumj) e`f su rbspbetov` er`fìrmdm bstodmn`.b.=. I`fstrueeof.- Crbvb nbseropeof nb jm btmpm nb e`fstrueeof, ofnoemfn`jms profeopmjbs metovonmnbs, bj rbqubrodobft` nb ofsud`s, dmtbromjbs,dmquofmroms, bquop`s b ofhrmbstrueturm fbebsmrom. jfejuor uf rbsudbf nbj

er`fìrmdm bstodmn` nb jm btmpm nb e`fstrueeof dbfsumjozmn`.b.3. @pbrmeof y dmftbfodobft`.- Crbvb nbseropeof nb jm btmpm nb `pbrmeofy dmftbfodobft`, nbserocobfn` jms profeopmjbs hmsbs, bj rbqubrodobft` nbofsud`s, dmtbromjbs, dmquofmroms, bquop`s b ofhrmbstrueturm fbebsmro`s.Ofnoemr j`s fovbjbs nb prèbsmdobft` y pr`nueeof, y uf er`fìrmdmrbsudbf bstodmn` mfumjozmn`.b.5. Eobrrb y p`st eobrrb nb jm `pbrmeof.- Nbserocor m fovbj e`febptumj jmsmetovonmnbs nb eobrrb pmrm jm btmpm nb `pbrmeof, ofejuybfn` jms meeo`fbsibfbrmjbs nb eobrrb prìrbsov` y hofmj qub tobfb prbvost` bgbeutmr bj totujmrnbj pr`ybet` nurmftb emnm btmpm qub ofejuyb bj d`fot`rb` y dmftbfodobft`.h. rbm bhbetovm nbj pr`ybet`Nbhofor bj rbm bhbetovm qub èupmr bj pr`ybet`, bf hufeof nbj nosb` ynostrocueof nb j`s e`dp`fbftbs profeopmjbs y muxojomrbs.Qrbsbftmr bj pjmf` qub e`ftbfim cmsb t`pìrhoem, e`f sus vrtoebsnbconmdbftb ib` rbhbrbfeomn`s bf sostbdm nb e``rnbfmnms R^D e`f Nmtudl`roz`ftmjYIU e`f su rbspbetovm z`fm, nbftr` nbj dmre` nb jm S.D. F" 31?-31=1-DBD qub e`dprbfnm jms rbms nb metovonmn dofbrm y nb us` dofbr`.i. Nbtbrdofmeof nbj rbm nb ofhjubfeom mdcobftmjUb nbtbrdofmrf jms rbms nb ofhjubfeom mdcobftmj pmrm jms btmpms nbe`fstrueeof y `pbrmeof nbj pr`ybet`.i.=. rbm nb Ofhjubfeom Mdcobftmj (MjM)7- Nbserocor jm dbt`n`jìm utojozmnm pmre nbhofor bj rbm nb ofhjubfeom mdcobftmjnbj pr`ybet` pmrm jms btmpms nb e`fstrueeof y `pbrmeof nbj pr`ybet`.- Nbserocor j`s erotbro`s qub sb tuvobr`f bf eubftm pmrm jm nbhofoeof nbj rbmnb ofhjubfeom mdcobftmj, bftrb j`s eumjbs sb tobfbf j`s d`nbjmdobft`sdmtbdtoe`s e`rrbsp`fnobftbs nb j`s p`tbfeomjbs odpmet`s mdcobftmjbsfbimtov`s bf hufeof m jms metovonmnbs m nbsmrr`jjmr.- Nbtbrdofmr y nbserocor bj rbm nb ofhjubfeom mdcobftmj p`r hmet`r bf hufeof mjm onbftohoemeof nb j`s p`tbfeomjbs odpmet`s mdcobftmjbs fbimtov`s qubibfbrbf jms metovonmnbs nbj pr`ybet` dofbr`.- Bjmc`rmeof nb j`s dmpms nb jms rbms nb ofhjubfeom mdcobftmj p`r hmet`r, bfhufeof m jm onbftohoemeof nb j`s p`tbfeomjbs

Qiofm 5 nb 2=



8/55

NB^MJJB 7pr`ybet` utojozmfn` d`nbj`s dmtbdtoe`s.- Nbtbrdofmeof nbjrbm Mdcobftmj Norbetm E`dpubstmE`dprbfnb7M e`ftofumeof sb nmf j`s erotbro`s (f` jodotmtov`s) m e`fsonbrmr pmrm jmnbtbrdofmeof nb jms rbms nb ofhjubfeom mdcobftmj7

i.=.=. rbm nb ofhjubfeom mdcobftmjnorbetm (MOMN)rbm nb bdpjmzmdobft` nb jm Rfonmn Dofbrm, e`fh`rdmnm p`r jm sudm nb jmsrbms èupmnms p`r j`s e`dp`fbftbs profeopmjbs y muxojomrbs nbj pr`ybet` yqub mhbetmf of sotu y bf su bft`rf` m j`s hmet`rbs mdcobftmjbs hj`rm,vbibtmeof, subj`s y rbjobvb; jms rbms ibìrhoems pr`ybetmnms nb jmseubfems mtd`shroems mhbetmnms p`r bdoso`fbs, ruon` y vocrmeo`fbs, sbifsus d`nbjmdobft`s; y jms rbms nb j`s hmet`rbs mdcobftmjbs mium supbrhoeomjy suctbrrfbm, e`fh`rdmnms p`r su(s) rbspbetovm(s) doerèubfem(s)lonrìrhoem(s), mhbetmnm(s) p`r jm metovonmn dofbrm. Msodosd`, e`dprbfnbrm jm(s) eubfem(s) vosumjbs e`rrbsp`fnobftbs.Jm mhbetmeof bf stm rbm bs p`r odpmet`s mdcobftmjbs emjohoemn`s e`d`norbet`s, fbimtov`s ` p`sotov`s nb fovbj soifohoemtov` (bf trdof`srbjmtov`s bf e`dpmrmeof e`f bj bft`rf`).Ub nbserocorf7- Erotbro`s bdpjbmn`s.- Nbseropeof y nbtbrdofmeof nbj rbm nb ofhjubfeom mdcobftmj norbetm p`remnm uf` nb j`s hmet`rbs mdcobftmjbs m sbr odpmetmn`s p`tbfeomjdbftb p`rjm e`fstrueeof y/u `pbrmeof nb emnm uf` nb j`s e`dp`fbftbs profeopmjbs` muxojomrbs nbj pr`ybet`.- Dmpm rbspbetov`.i.=.3. rbm nb ofhtubfeom mdcobftmj ofnorbetm (MMj)

Nbtbrdofmnm bj rbm nb ofhjubfeom mdcobftmj norbetm, sb nbtbrdofmr bj rbmibìrhoem nb ofhjubfeom mdcobftmj ofnorbetm, e`fh`rdmnm p`r uf rbm "cuhhbh' `nb md`rtoiumdobft` eoreufnmftb mj rbm nb ofhjubfeom mdcobftmj norbetm, mhbetmnmp`r p`tbfeomjbs odpmet`s ofnorbet`s fbimtov`s ` p`sotov`s d`nbrmn`s m f`soifohoemtov`s, bf cmsb m erotbro`s eumjotmtov`s ` eumftotmtov`s nbconmdbftbgustohoemn`s.Msodosd`, e`dprbfnb jms rbms nb bdpjmzmdobft` nb j`s e`dp`fbftbsmuxojomrbs nb sbrvoeo`s e`f sus rbms nb ofhjubfeom, ucoemn`s bxtbrfmdbftb mjrbm nb ofhjubfeom norbetm nbj pr`ybet` (MOMN) yj` Rfonmn Dofbrm, tmjbs e`d`7dofbr` nuet`s, meebs`s (emrrbtbrms, trèlms, bte.), jfbms nb trmfsdosofbjetroem, bte. E`dprbfnb7- Nbseropeof y gustohoemeof nb j`s erotbro`s bdpjbmn`s.- Gustohoemeof nb su ucoemeof, pbrdbtr` y bxtbfsof.- Nbtbrdofmeof nbj rbm nb ofhjubfeom mdcobftmj ofnorbetm.- Dmpm(s)rbspbetov`(s).

F`tm =.- J`s rbspbetov`s dmpms nbconmdbftb ib` rbhbrbfeomn`s nb jmsrbms7 MOMN y MjMj nbcbf prbsbftmrsb m bsemjm =/=1 111 m ==32 111, bfhufeof nbjtmdm` nbj pr`ybet` y/ ` bxtbfsof nb j`s odpmet`s.F`tm 3.- Jms rbms nb ofhjubfeom mdcobftmj norbetm b ofnorbetm sb bstmcjbebfbf hufeof m jms emrmetbrstoems pr`poms nb emnm pr`ybet` dofbr`.

Qiofm > nb 2=



9/55

hho

rbu NB^MJJBi.3. rbms nb Ofhjubfeom Uèomj(MjU)

Ub nbserocor jm dbt`n`jìm utojozmnm pmrm mfmjozmr h`s odpmet`s sèomjbs ynbhofor bj rbm nb ofhjubfeom sèomj norbetm y bj rbm nb ofhjubfeom sèomjofnorbetm nbj pr`ybet`.Ub nbtbrdofmr bj rbm nb ofhjubfeom sèomj bf hufeof nb odpmet`s p`sotov`sy/` fbimtov`s sèo`mdcobftmjbs (rbm nb ofhjubfeom sèomj norbetm bf hufeofnb odpmet`s mdcobftmjbs norbet`s) y bj rbm nb ofhjubfeom sèomj ofnorbetm bfhufeof nb odpmet`s mdcobftmjbs ofnorbet`s).Ub onbftohoemr jm ucoemeof ibìrhoem nb j`s ebftr`s p`cjmn`s, nostrot`s,e`dufonmnbs emdpbsofms, fmtovms y/` pubcj`s ofnibfms.

E`dprbfnb7i.3.=. rbmnb tfhjubfeom Uèomj Norbetm (MOUN)

E`dprbfnb bj rbm bf jm qub bxostb p`cjmeof qub rbeocb norbetmdbftb j`sodpmet`s sèo`mdcobftmjbs nb jm metovonmn dofbrm emjohoemn`s e`d`fbimtov`s ` p`sotov`s Uoifohoemtov`s. Ub nbhofb bf cmsb m j`s soiuobftbserotbro`s7- Rcoemeof ib`p`jtoem nb jm p`cjmeof (e`jofnmftb mj rbm nbbdpjmzmdobft` nbj pr`ybet`)- Bspmeo`s Ibìrhoe`s nbj bdpjmzmdobft` nbj pr`ybet`.- Q`socjbs odpmet`s mdcobftmjbs norbet`s soifohoemtov`s e`f rbpbreuso`fbssèomjbs (odpmet` bf bj mium, subj`, morb, hj`rm y hmufm)- Q`socjbs odpmet`s be`fdoe`s norbet`s (mhbetmeof m j`s rbeurs`s e`fj`s eumjbs sucsostb jm p`cjmeof vbeofm y jms metovonmnbs be`fdoems qubbstm rbmjozm.- Q`socjbs odpmet`s sèoèujturmjbs norbet`s (odpmet`s bf j`s us`s ye`studcrbs nb jm p`cjmeof ds ebremfm, p`socjb mhbetmeof m jmse`dufonmnbs emdpbsofms, fmtovms y/` pubcj`s ofnibfms).

i.3.3. rbmnb Ofhjubfeom Uèomj Ofnorbetm (MjUj)E`dprbfnb m jm p`cjmeof ucoemnm bf bj rbm yj` rbm ibìrhoemmjbnmm mj rbm nb ofhjubfeom norbetm, e`f jm eumj sb dmftobfboftbrrbjmeof norbetm y bf n`fnb sb ibfbrmf odpmet`s sèo`mdcobftmjbsmsèomn`s m j`s odpmet`s norbet`s emjohoemn`s e`d` odpmet`s ofnorbet`sfbimtov`s ` p`sotov`s d`nbrmn`s m f` soifohoemtov`s. Ub nbhofb bf cmsb mj`s soiuobftbs erotbro`s7

- Rcoemeof Ib`p`jtoem (e`jofnmftb m j`s e`dp`fbftbs nbj pr`ybet`).- Q`socjbs odpmet`s mdcobftmjbs ofnorbet`s e`f rbpbreuso`fbs sèomjbsofnorbet`s (odpmet` bf bj mium, subj`, morb, tj`rm y hmufm),- Q`socjbs odpmet`s sèo` eujturmjbs ofnorbet`s.F`tm.- Jms rbms nb ofhjubfeom sèomj norbetm b ofnorbetm sbrf prbsbftmnms bfDmpms ib` rbhbrbfeomn`s e`f cmsb t`pìrh oem m bsemjm =/= 1 111 m = =32

111.

Qiofm 2 nb 2=



10/55

l. Bvmjumeof nb jms novbrsms mjtbrfmtovms nbj pr`ybet`Sbsudbf e`ftbfobfn` bj bstuno` prbvo` nb jms novbrsms mjtbrfmtovms nbjpr`ybet` nbftr` nbj rbm nb ofhjubfeom nbj pr`ybet` y jm sbjbeeof nb jm dsbhoeobftb, nbsnb bj puft` nb vostm mdcobftmj, sèomj, be`fdoe` y eujturmj,ofejuybfn` jm bvmjumeof nb j`s odpmet`s y robsi`s qub pubnbf mhbetmr jmvomcojonmn nbj pr`ybet` ` metovonmn.Ofejuor jm bvmjumeof qub lm rbmjozmn` bj totujmr dofbr` nb jms novbrsmsmjtbrfmtovms nbj pr`ybet`, bf rbjmeof m j`s nohbrbftbs e`dp`fbftbs nbjpr`ybet` (nbpsot` nb rbjmvbs, nbpsot`s nb nbsd`ftbs, QMN nb joxovomeof,emdpmdbft`s, mjdmebfbs, puft`s nb mcmstbeodobft` nb mium, nosp`soeofhofmj nb jms miums rbsonumjbs trmtmnms, rb-us` nb mium, bte.), e`f bj `cgbt` nbsbjbeeo`fmr su ucoemeof y nodbfso`fmdobft` ds bhoeobftb, nbsnb bj puft`nb vostm mdcobftmj (s`stbfocojonmn lnroem, dfodm mhbetmeof, bftrb `tr`s),sèomj y be`fdoe`, ofejuybfn` jm bvmjumeof nb j`s odpmet`s y robsi`s qubpubnmf mhbetmr jm vomcojonmn nbj pr`ybet` ` metovonmn.Jms mjtbrfmtovms nbj pr`ybet` sb pubnbf pjmftbmr d`nohoemfn` mjiuf` nb j`ssoiuobftbs mspbet`s7- Jm jèmjozmeof nb j`s e`dp`fbftbs profeopmjbs (bxebpt` bj ymeodobft`dofbr`) y muxojomrbs, pmrm j` qub sb tbfnr bf eubftm jms emrmetbrstoems nbjrbm nbj pr`ybet`.- Bj prèbs` tbef`jioe`, jm ibstof nb rbsonu`s, jms dmtbroms prodms, bje`fsud` bfbritoe`.- Bj emjbfnmro` bstodmn` nb bgbeueof nb jms nohbrbftbs hmsbs7 d`nohoemfn` jmnurmeof t`tmj nb mjiufm nb jms hmsbs.- Jms p`socojonmnbs nb mdpjomeof/d`nohoemeof nb j`s profeopmjbs e`dp`fbftbs.- Jms p`socojonmnbs nb oftr`nueeof nb dbnonms e`rrbet`rms7 pr`tbet`rms,e`d pbfsmn`rms y/` rbstmurmn`rms.

o. ôbdp` nb vonm nbj pr`ybet`Bj totujmr dofbr` ofnoemr bjtobdp` bstodmn` nb nurmeof pr`dbno` nb jm vonm nbjpr`ybet`, ofejuybfn` bj er`fìrmdm nbtmjjmn` e`rrbsp`fnobftb, ms e`d` bjd`ft` nb ofvbrsof bstodmn` bf emnm ufm nb jms btmpms nbj pr`ybet`, tmft` pmrmjm e`fstrueeof e`d` pmrm jm `pbrmeof.g. Nbseropeof nb jm btmpm nb jbvmftmdobft` nb ofh`rdmeofBj totujmr dofbr` nbserocor jm btmpm nbj jbvmftmdobft` nb ofh`rdmeof s`crb jmsemrmetbrstoems nbjtbrrbf`, sbmjmfn` jms meeo`fbs fbebsmroms rbmjozmnms pmrm jmrbe`jbeeof nb nmt`s y jm bjmc`rmeof nb jm jfbm cmsb.Ub ofnoemr bj ofoeo` nb jm t`dm nb ofh`rdmeof nb ofvbftmro`, bvmjumeof ynomifstoe` nb j`s novbrs`s rbeurs`s fmturmjbs y/` hmet`rbs mdcobftmjbs ysèomjbs nbj rbm nb bstuno` qub e`fh`rdmr jm ofh`rdmeof nb jm jfbm cmsb nbjpr`ybet`. Bstb pbr`n` nb tobdp` nbcbr mcmremr e`d` dfod` n`s (13) pèms7bstomgb y jjuvom (ldbnm), bf hufeof nb jm dmifotun y novbrsonmn co`jioem nbjrbm nbj pr`ybet`.

k. Nbseropeof nb jm btmpm nb e`fstrueeofNbserocor jm btmpm nb e`fstrueeof, ofnoemfn` jms meeo`fbs y rbqubrodobft`s nbdmtbromjbs, dmquofmroms, bquop`s, emdpmdbft`s, pbrs`fmj qub sbmf fbebsmro`s,Qiofm 8 nb 2=



11/55

ms e`d` jms vms nb meebs` mj bdpjmzmdobft`. jfejuor jm nbserpeof nb jmsmetovonmnbs nb e`fstrueeof qub sb rbmjozmrf bf j`s nohbrbftbs hrbftbs nbtrmcmg`.k.j. Qrbpmrmeof nbj rbmNbserocor jms metovonmnbs fbebsmroms prbvoms m jm btmpm nb e`fstrueeof yrbqubronms pmrm j`s nohbrbftbs e`dp`fbftbs nbj pr`ybet`. Nbserocor jmsmetovonmnbs nb d`vodobft` nb tobrrms, rbtor` nb e`cbrturm vbibtmj,lmcojotmeof nb meebs`s, bte.k.3. jfstmjmeo`fbs b ofhrmbstrueturmsOfejuor uf jostmn` y ufm crbvb nbseropeof nb t`nms jms ofstmjmeo`fbs y/`ofhrmbstrueturm rbqubronm nurmftb jm btmpm nb e`fstrueeof.k.5. Ofstmjmeo`fbs nb dmfbg` nb rbsonu`s sjon`s=. Nbseropeof nb j`s nohbrbftbs top`s nb rbsonu`s qub sb prbv ibfbrmrbstodmfn` emftonmn (dmsm y v`judbf) y puft`s nb ibfbrmeof.3. Emrmetbrozmeof, me`po`, mjdmebfmdobft`, trmtmdobft`, me`fnoeo`fmdobft` ynosp`soeof hofmj nb j`s rbsonu`s sjon`s, pbjoir`s`s y f` pbjoir`s`s7m) Ofnustromjbsc) N`dstoe`se) Nb mtbfeof nb smjunn) Bspbeomjbsb) @tr`s5. Metovonmnbs nb rbmpr`vbelmdobft`.>. Nbseropeof nb ofhrmbstrueturm nb dmfbg` nb rbsonu`s sjon`s.2. ^rmfsp`rtb oftbrf` y bxtbrf` nb rbsonu`s sjon`s (BQU-SU, BE-SU; bdprbsmsrbiostrmnms bf bj NOIBUM).8. Nbtmjjb nb `pbrmeo`fbs bxtbrfms nb dmfbg` nb rbsonu`s sjon`s.k.>. Nosp`focojonmn y nbdmfnm lnroem nurmftb jm e`fstrueeof nbj pr`ybet`dofbr`k.>.=. Nosp`focojonmn lnroem pmrm bj pr`ybet` nurmftb jm btmpm nbe`fstrueeofSbmjozmr bj cmjmfeb lnroe` qub dubstrb jm nosp`focojonmn nbj rbeurs` bf bjrbm nb ofhjubfeom nbj pr`ybet` pmrm smtoshmebr j`s rbqubrodobft`s pmrm jmbtmpm nb e`fstrueeof. Noel` cmjmfeb nbcbr e`fsonbrmr t`n`s j`s us`sbxostbftbs (prodmro`, n`dstoe`, rberbmeo`fmj, nb sbr bj ems` emunmjbe`jioe`, bftrb `tr`s) e`f su rbspbetovm nbdmfnm metumj y huturm bstodmnm.E`fsonbrmr qub bj cmjmfeb lnroe` nbcbr bvonbfeomr jm vmromcojonmn ejodtoempr`pom nb jm z`fm (p`em nb bstomgb y mvbfonm) p`r j` eumj sb nbcbr

sustbftmrsb bf jm nmtm lonr`jioem mpr`pomnm.k.>.3. Nbdmfnm lnroem nbj pr`ybet` nurmftb jm btmpm nb e`fstrueeof7- Cmjmfeb nb jm nbdmfnmyj` e`fsud` nb rbeurs`s lnroe`s nbj pr`ybet` bf jmbtmpm nb e`fstrueeof, j`s emunmjbs rbqubron`s nbcbrf sbr bxprbsmn`s bfj/s, msodosd` prbeosmr bj e`fsud` dbfsumj bstodmn`.- jnbftohoemeof nb jms hubftbs nb sudofostr` nb rbeurs`s lnroe`s pmrm bjpr`ybet` sbif top`7 supbrhoeomj y/` suctbrrfb`, prbeosmr su rbspbetovmucoemeof ib` rbhbrbfeomnm, nbseropeof tefoem (`crm nb mcmstbeodobft`,emfmjbs, vbrtbnbr`s, sostbdm nb nostrocueof, bftrb `tr`s), emunmj m nbdmfnmrrbspbetvmdbftb y us` pr`pubst` (bg. ofnustromj, n`dstoe`), onbftohoemr jmbxostbfeom nb nbrbel`s nb us` `t`rimn`s y su bhbet` bf jm nosp`focojonmn nbmium pmrm bj pr`ybet`. Nb rbqubror bj us` nb hubftbs suctbrrfbms ofe`rp`rmrofh`rdmeof tefoem rbspbet` mj top` nb p`z` m bdpjbmr, ir`s`r nb bftucmn`,o`` nb c`dcb` m bd d`t`r. bftrb `tr`s sb e`fsonbrbf

Qiofm 9 nb 2=



12/55

O^BD NB^MJJBrbjbvmftbs.- Qrbeosmr bj sostbdm nb emptmeof y nostrocueof m bdpjbmrsb pmrm bjmcmstbeodobft` nb rbeurs` nurmftb jm e`fstrueeof nbj pr`ybet`, nbsmrr`jjmr yprbsbftmr su dbd`rom nb ejeuj` y nosb`.- Qrbeosmr bj v`judbf nb mium bspbrmn` nb rbs` y nb rbeoreujmeof, sbife`rrbsp`fnm.

k.2. Ofstmjmeo`fbs nb dmfbg` nb bhjubftbs y bdoso`fbsDbd`rom nbseroptovm nbj (j`s) sostbdm(s) nb trmtmdobft`(s) nb miumpr`pubstm(s) pmrm bj trmtmdobft` nb miums rbsonumjbs y nb p`tmcojozmeof,e`fsonbrmfn` su nosp`soeof hofmj y eubrp` rbebpt`r.Qrbeosmr hubftbs nb bdoso`fbs nbj pr`ybet`, ofnoemr j`s pmrdbtr`s nb jmsbdoso`fbs imsb`sms ibfbrmn`s p`r jms metovonmnbs pr`poms nbj pr`ybet`,prbsbftmr bj ejeuj` nbj v`judbf nb bdoso`fbs qub sb ibfbrb, ofnoemfn`profeopmjbs rbms mhbetmnms. Bf cmsb m jm emftonmn pr`ybetmnm nb vbleuj`squb trmfsotmrmf, emjeujmr jms bdoso`fbs pr`vbfobftbs nb jms hubftbs dvojbsrbqubronms pmrm bj pr`ybet`.

k.8. jfsud`s y dmtbromjbs rbqubron`sjfejuor uf jostmn`, emftonmn y ufm crbvb nbseropeof nb j`s ofsud`s ydmtbromjbs rbqubron`s nurmftb jm btmpm nb e`fstrueeof.k.9. Metovonmnbs nb trmfsp`rtbNbserocor jms metovonmnbs nb trmfsp`rtb qub sb rbqubror bf jm btmpm nbe`fstrueeof. Ofejuor jms metovonmnbs nbftr` nbj rbm nbj pr`ybet`e`fsonbrmfn` bj sudofostr` nb bquop`s, dmquofmroms y pbrs`fmj rbqubron`.Ofnoemr jm emftonmn y/` hjug` vbloeujmr p`r top`s nb vbleuj`s, nb meubrn` m supr`ebnbfeom, nohbrbfeomfn` bf oftbrf` e`d` bxtbrf`.k.


13/55

rbur NB^MJJB

Ktf'

hho

nb prb-dofmn`, nb dofmn`, nb trmfsp`rtb nb dofbrmj y nb nbsd`ftb, mbdpjbmrsb. J`s rbeurs`s fmturmjbs, jms dmtbroms prodms, j`s ofsud`squdoe`s, bftrb `tr`s, qub sb utojozmrf bf j`s prèbs`s nb bxtrmeeof,pr`nueeof ` trmfsh`rdmeof; su `roibf, emrmetbrstoems y pbjoir`sonmn, mse`d` j`s prèbnodobft`s nb e`ftr`j pmrm su trmfsp`rtb, mjdmebfmdobft` ydmfbg`. Jms emrmetbrstoems nb j`s bhjubftbs, bdoso`fbs, rbsonu`s sjon`s,ruon`s y vocrmeo`fbs, qub sb prbv ibfbrmr bj pr`ybet`. Jm emftonmn nbpbrs`fmj bstodmn`, j`s rbqubrodobft`s jìstoe`s y jms vms nb meebs`, bftrb`tr`s.Ofejuor bj (j`s) nomirmdm(s) nbj (j`s) prèbs`s ` metovonmnbs e`rrbsp`fnobftbs.

=.3. Ofstmjmeo`fbs, e`dp`fbftbs b ofhrmbstrueturms nbj pr`ybet`jfehuor uf jostmn` nb t`nms jms ofstmjmeo`fbs, e`dp`fbftbs dofbr`s yjòfhrmbstrueturms nbj pr`ybet`, ofnoemfn` uf puft` rbhbrbfeomj nb su ucoemeofy nodbfso`fbs, tmjbs e`d`7DofmJm nbseropeof nb jm dofm nbcb ofejuor7=. Nbseropeof nbj eubrp` dofbrmjozmn` y top` nb jmc`r suctbrrfbm ` tmg` mutojozmr pmrm jm bxpj`tmeof nbj dofbrmj.3. Jms bstrueturms lonrujoems e`fsonbrmnms bf bj pr`ybet` (emfmjbs nbnbrovmeof, sbnodbftmn`rbs, bftrb `tr`s.), nbcbr ofejuor bj nosb` y dbd`romnbseroptovm nbj nodbfso`fmdobft` nb jms dosdms m fovbj nb hmetocojonmn, mse`d` j`s prèbnodobft`s nb e`fstrueeof y nb dmftbfodobft` prbvost`s.5. Bf j` qub rbspbetm mj mium nb dofm, nbcb nbserocorsb bj sostbdm nb e`jbeeofpr`pubst` pmrm bst`s bhjubftbs, ofejuybfn` bj dt`n` nb e`jbeeof, bjsostbdm nb e`fnueeof y jms ofstmjmeo`fbs nb trmtmdobft` pr`pubstms (bfems` nb sbr fbebsmro`).Nbseropeof nbjdt`n` nb dofmnÙb nbcb nbserocor bj dt`n` nb dofmn` qub sb bdpjbmr, ofnoemfn` susprofeopmjbs emrmetbrstoems nb nosb`. Ofejuor bj us` nb emftbrms, eumfnè`rrbsp`fnm.Qrb DofmnÙb nbcb ofnoemr jms metovonmnbs fbebsmroms mftbs nb ofoeo` nbj dofmn` bf bj rbmnbj ymeodobft`. Bstm nbseropeof nbcb onbftohoemr, j`s v`jdbfbs nb dmtbromj mrbd`vbr y sus emrmetbrstoems hsoems y qudoems nbj dmtbromj rbd`von`. Ub nbcbnbserocor bj rbqubrodobft` nb bquop`s y dmquofmroms pmrm bstm btmpm, bj nbstof`hofmj y dmfbg` nbj dmtbromj rbd`von` nurmftb bstm btmpm. Ofejuor pjmf`st`pìrhoe`s e`f vostms bf pjmftm y sbeeof nbj rbm mftbs y mj hofmj nbj prb-dofmn`.Qjmf nb dofmnÙb nbcb prbsbftmr uf pjmf nb dofmn` prbjodofmr bf n`fnb sb nbcb onbftohoemrj`s top`s y v`jdbfbs nb dmtbromj m rbd`vbr nbj ymeodobft`, bj nbstof` nbjdmtbromj m rbd`vbr, sus emrmetbrstoems hsoems y qudoems. Bj pjmf nb dofmn`nbcb ofe`rp`rmr uf er`fìrmdm bstodmn` mfumjozmn` pmrm jm vonm toj nbjymeodobft`"Ub nbcb prbsbftmr bj nosb` nbj tmg` mcobrt`, ofejuybfn` pjmf` nb pjmftm e`f jmseurvms nb fovbj nb jm bxemvmeof pr`ybetmnm d`strmfn` jms cbrdms nb sbiuronmnofnoemfn` bj fovbj nb h`fn` nb jm bxemvmeof. Mnbds, sb nbcb prbsbftmr j`se`rtbs, sbeeo`fbs ds rbprbsbftmtovms sbmjmfn` jm ucoemeof nbj fovbjhrbtoe`.Bf bj pjmf` nb pjmftm sb prbsbftm jm ofh`rdmeof nb jm ib`jìm bstrueturmj (IUj,SDS. rbnbs bstbrb``rhoems mjrbnbn`r nbj tmo`, bte.) `ctbfonms nb jm bvmjumeof

Qiofm ? nb 2=



14/55

O^BD NB^MJJB

h"hho.*7,--,.P

/'"'

ib`jioem, tbstoi`s nb rèm y dmpb` ib`jioe`.Ub nbcb ofejuor j`s erotbro`s nb nosb`, nb j`s meebs`s, cmfe`s, cbrdms. mfjososnb bstmcojonmn nb j`s tmjunbs y/` pmrbnbs nbj tmg`.Qjmtmh`rdms y pbrh`rmeo`fbs nbftr` nbj ymeodobft` dofbr` e`f jm hofmjonmn nbrbe`fhordmr bj p`tbfeomj y emrmetbrstoems.Ofejuor pjmf`s nb vostm bf pjmftm y sbeeo`fbs nbj ymeodobft`, nb meubrn` e`f bjpjmf nb dofmn`, ofnoemfn` j`s fovbjbs dfod`s nb jm bxpj`tmeof nbj ymeodobft`.Nbsmqumn` nbj tmo` ` jmc`r suctbrrfbmE`fsonbrmr7. E`dp`fbftbs nb sostbdm nb nbsmib (emfmjbs nb nbrovmeof, p`z`s nbc`dcb`, p`z`s mrtbsomf`s, cèmdofms, imjbrms, bftrb `tr`s) y susemrmetbrstoems hsoems (nodbfso`fbs, pr`hufnonmn, nbtmjjbs nbe`fstrueeof) e`f pjmf` nb ucoemeof nb j`s e`dp`fbftbs. Qrbsbftmrpjmf` nb pjmftm.. Er`fìrmdm nb nbsmib (emunmj nb nbsmib, fovbj nb nrbfmgb).` Qjmf nb dmfbg` nb mium nb e`ftmet` y f`-e`ftmet` e`f bj `cgbtov` nbrbnueor j`s v`jdbfbs nb mium nb e`ftmet`. Ofejuor uf nomirmdmbsqubdtoe` nb dmfbg` nbj mium.. Rs` nb mium y/` nbsemrim sbif e`rrbsp`fnm, e`f nbtmjjbs nbtrmtmdobft`.Emriu`, memrrb` y trmfsp`rtb oftbrfÈ`fsonbrmr j`s sostbdms nb emriu`, trmfsp`rtb y memrrb` m bdpjbmrsb bf jm`pbrmeof, ofnoemfn` jms profeopmjbs emrmetbrstoems nb emnm uf` nb bjj`s, mse`d` jms rutms, dbnonms nb e`ftr`j mdcobftmj y nb sbiuronmn m odpjbdbftmr.Nbpsot` nb nbsd`ftb. Nbserocor jms rbms nb nosp`soeof nb nbsd`ftbs y bj nosb` nb j`snbpsot`s y ejmsohoemeof sbif sus emrmetbrstoems hsoems y ib`qudoems,sbmjmfn` j`s v`jdbfbs utojozmn`s pmrm bj rbjjbf` nb jms jmc`rbssuctbrrfbms, nb mpjoemr, y jms `crms nb dmfbg` nb miums.` BO nosb` nb jm pjmtmh`rdm nbj nbpsot` nb nbsd`ftb y nbj nbpsot` nbnbsd`ftbs bf s, ofejuybfn` bj prèbnodobft` nb e`fstrueeof mbdpjbmrsb, sus emrmetbrstoems ib`dtroems, emrmetbrstoems ib`tefoems,e`rtbs trmfsvbrsmjbs y j`fiotunofmjbs, bvmjumeof nb su bstmcojonmn bfe`fnoeo`fbs bsttoems y psbun`-bsttoems, emfmjbs nb e`r`fmeof,sostbdms nb e`ftr`j nb ofhojtrmeo`fbs, bte.. Nosb` nb emnm ufm nb jms bstrueturms lonrujoems e`fsonbrmnms bf bjpr`ybet` nbstofmnms m jm pr`tbeeof nb jm emjonmn nb jms miums

supbrhoeomjbs (emfmjbs nb nbrovmeof, sbnodbftmn`rbs, bte.), ms e`d` j`sprèbnodobft`s nb e`fstrueeof y nb dmftbfodobft` prbvost`s pmrm emnmufm nb bstms bstrueturms. Bj sostbdm nb suc-nrbfmgb e`fsonbrmn` pmrm jm rbe`jbeeof nb jms miumsnb ofhojtrmeof y su emjonmn, ofejuybfn` jms dbnonms pmrm bj trmtmdobft`nb jms miums e`jbetmnms (bf ems` nb sbr fbebsmro`).. Bf mdc`s ems`s, nbcb ofnoemrsb j`s puft`s nb nbsemrim, jmsofhrmbstrueturms lonrujoems y jms dbnonms nb e`ftr`j qub sb mn`ptmrfpmrm imrmftozmr jm emjonmn nb jms miums nbsemrimnms (bf ems` nb sbrfbebsmro`).. Nb prbvbrsb jm ibfbrmeof nb nrbfmgb eon` nb rèms (NMS), nbcbofejuorsb jm emrmetbrozmeof nb dbtmjbs trmzm, ib`qudoem y dofbrmjioemnbj dmtbromj nb nbsd`ftb, odpbrdbmcojozmeof y j`s rbsujtmn`s nb jmsprubcms bsttoems (MCM, FME, bftrb `tr`s) y eoftoems nb sbr bj ems`(UQJQ, ebjnms ldbnms, bftrb `tr`s) bgbeutmnms e`f noel` dmtbromj bfjmc`rmt`ro` y/` emdp`.. Em`meonmn nb mjdmebfmdobft` v vonm toj. Qiofm =1 nb 2=



15/55

. @pbrmeof y dmftbfodobft` nbj nbpsot` nb nbsd`ftb.` Nbserocor jms dbnonms nb e`ftr`j nb br`sof bjoem e`fsonbrmnms bf bjnosb` nbj pr`ybet`, ms e`d` jms dbnonms nb e`ftr`j ofe`rp`rmnms pmrmbvotmr bj mrrmstrb nb sbnodbft`s lmeom j`s eurs`s nb mium.Qjmftm e`febftrmn`rm ` nb cbfbhoeoÙb nbserocor jm ucoemeof y sus emrmetbrostoems.

Nbseropeof nbj `rèbs` nb cbfbhoeo`. Qrbeosmr bj top` nb dmtbromjbs nb ofirbs` y smjonm bf bj prèbs` nbcbfbhoeo`, eumftohoemfn` hjug`s dsoe`s y v`judtroe`s.. Nbserocor oftbirmjdbftb emnm ufm nb jms btmpms nbj prèbs`,bspbeohoemfn` bjtop` nb tbef`jìm m utojozmr.. Nomirmdms nb hjug` nbj prèbs` y cmjmfeb nb mium.` Qrbeosof nb jms vmromcjbs ds rbjbvmftbs qub roibf jms e`fnoeo`fbs`pbrmtovms bf emnm btmpm nbj prèbs` oftbirmn`.. Nbseropeof tefoem nbj dt`n` nb cbfbhoeo`, prbeosmfn` nbtmjjbsrbjbvmftbs suhoeobftbs pmrm ufm dbg`r e`dprbfsof nb j`s prèbs`sofv`juermn`s.Empmeonmn nb cbfbhoeo`. Empmeonmn f`dofmj nb prèbsmdobft`.. Empmeonmn nb nosb`.Nbseroèof nb ``brmeo`fbs ufotmroms

. jnbftohoemr jms `pbrmeo`fbs ufotmroms nbftr` nb jm sbeubfeom oftbirmj nbjprèbs` pr`nuetov`.. Nbserocor eumftotmtovm b oftbirmjdbftb emnm `pbrmeof ufotmrom nbjprèbs`, bspbeohoemfn` bquop`s utojozmn`s, ofsud`s rbqubron`s(e`fsud` nb c`jms y h`rr`s bf ems` nb `pbrmeo`fbs nb d`jobfnm), mse`d` e`fsud` bfbritoe` bstodmn` nb emnm btmpm.. Qrbeosmr vmromcjbs `pbrmtovms ds rbjbvmftbs nb emnm ufm nb jms`pbrmeo`fbs ufotmroms ofv`juermnms.Nbseropeof nb `pbrmeo`fbs y prèbs`s qudoe`s dbtmjrqoe`s` jnbftohoemr j`s prèbs`s qudoe`/dbtmjrioe`s nbftr` nb jm sbeubfeomoftbirmj nbj prèbs` pr`nuetov`.. Nbserocor eumftotmtovmdbftb emnm prèbs` ufotmro` nbj prèbs` oftbirmj,bspbeohoemfn` bquop`s y rbmet`rbs utojozmn`s, ms e`d` mjiuf`s ofsud`sbspbehoe`s; oiumjdbftb, prbsbftmr e`fsud`s bfbritoe`s bstodmn`s nbbstms btmpms.` Cmjmfeb nb mium bf bj prèbs` dbtmjrioe`. Qrbeosmr vmromcjbs `pbrmtovms ds rbjbvmftbs nb emnm uf` nb j`sprèbs`s q u doe`s/dbtmj rioe`s ofv`juermn`s.Nbseropeof nb bquop`s y dmquofmroms. Jostmn` y nbseropeof nb bquop`s nb prèbs` profeopmjbs. Jostmn` y nbseropeof nb bquop`s muxojomrbs nb mp`y` mj prèbs`pr`nuetov`.Cmjmfeb dbtmjrioe`

Qiofm == nb 2=



16/55

hhoshh

O^BD NB^MJJB. Nomirmdm nb hjug` bsqubdtoe` nbj prèbs` pr`nuetov` oftbirmj.. Nomirmdm nb hjug` eumftotmtov` ofv`juermfn` cmjmfeb nb sjon`s, jquon`sy pujpms.. Qrbeosof nb e`fnoeo`fbs `pbrmtovms ds rbjbvmftbs (pL, tbdpbrmturm,bte.).. Irmvbnmn bspbehoem nb sjon`s, nbfsonmn nb jquon`s, s`jueo`fbs ynbfsonmnbs nb pujpm.. Irmvbnmn bspbehoem nb dmtbromjbs hufnon`s (bse`roms, dmtms, dbtmjbs,bte.), p`jv`s dbtmjrioe`s y e`dp`soeo`fbs nb pr`nuet`s imsb`s`s.

Sbmetov`sôp`, f`dcrb ibfroe`, EMU y emftonmn nb rbmetov`s bstodmn` m utojozmr,p`r pbr`n` (nm, dbs y m`).Fovbj nb t`xoeonmn y robsi` s`crb j`s hmet`rbs mdcobftmjbs, bf hufeof mjms l`gms DUNU.Mjdmebfmdobft`, dmfopujmeof y prbpmrmeof nbj rbmetov` bf jm pjmftm ysu dmfbg`.^rmfsp`rtb nbj rbmetov` m jm pjmftm.Nosp`soeof nb j`s bfvmsbs qub trmfsp`rtmf bj rbmetov`.N`sohoemeof y e`ftr`j nbj rbmetov` bf jm pjmftm (puft`s nb mnoeof).E`febftrmeo`fbs rbsonumjbs nb rbmetov`s bf j`s bhjubftbs nb jm pjmftm.jfstmjmeo`fbs pmrm e`ftrmrrbstmr bj bhbet` nb j`s rbmetov`s bf jmspbrs`fms (nuelms, jmvm`g`s, bte.).^rmtmdobft` nb e`febftrmeo`fbs nbj rbmetov` (pjmftms nb nbstrueeof).

@tr`s Ofsud`s y Dmtbromjbs Sbqubron`sjnbftohoemr y nbserocor ofsud`s y dmtbromjbs qub sb rbquobrbf nbftr` nbjprèbs` pr`nuetov`.Qrbeosmr j`s e`fsud`s bstodmn`s nb bst`s ofsud`s y dmtbromjbs y qubpr`nuet`s nb nbsbel` ibfbrmrmf.

Nbpsot` nb rbjmvbsE`fsonbrmr7Bj nosb` nb j`s nbpsot`s nb rbjmvbs, ofejuybfn` bj prèbnodobft` nbe`fstrueeof m bdpjbmrsb (dt`n`s miums mcmg` y jfbm ebftrmj),odpbrdbmcojozmeof nbj vms`, sus emrmetbrstoems ib`dtroems, e`rtbstrmfsvbrsmjbs y j`fiotunofmjbs, bvmjumeof nb su bstmcojonmn bf e`fnoeo`fbsbsttoems y psbun`-bsttoems, emfmjbs nb e`r`fmeof, sostbdms nb e`ftr`j nbofhojtrmeo`fbs, bte.Emnm ufm nb jms bstrueturms lonrujoems e`fsonbrmnms bf bj pr`ybet`nbstofmnms m jm pr`tbeeof nb jm emjonmn nb jms miums supbrhoeomjbs (emfmjbsnb nbrovmeof, sbnodbftmn`rbs, bte.), ofejuybfn` bj nosb` nb jms dosdms, mse`d` j`s prèbnodobft`s nb e`fstrueeof y nb dmftbfodobft` prbvost`s pmrmemnm ufm nb bstms bstrueturms.Bj sostbdm nb suc-nrbfmgb e`fsonbrmn` pmrm jm rbe`jbeeof nb jms miums nbofhojtrmeof, ofejuybfn` jms dbnonms pr`pubstms pmrm bj trmtmdobft` nb jmsmiums e`jbetmnms (bf ems` nb sbr fbebsmro`).Bf mdc`s ems`s, nbcb ofnoemrsb j`s puft`s nb nbsemrim y jms dbnonms nbe`ftr`j qub sb mn`ptmrf pmrm imrmftozmr jm emjonmn nb jms miumsnbsemrimnms (bf ems` nb sbr fbebsmro`), nbcobfn` ofejuorsb bf bstb jtod`mspbet`.Nb prbvbrsb jm ibfbrmeof nb nrbfmgb eon` nb rèms (NMS), nbcb ofejuorsb jmemrmetbrozmeof nb dbtmjbs trmzm, ib`qudoem y dofbrmjioem nbj dmtbromj nbnbsd`ftb, odpbrdbmcojozmeof y j`s rbsujtmn`s nb jms prubcms bsttoems(MCM, FME, bftrb `tr`s) v eoftoems (UQJQ, ebjnms ldbnms, bftrb `tr`s)

=.

3.

Qiofm =3 nb 2=



17/55

NB^MJJBbgbeutmnms e`f noel` dmtbromj bf jmc`rmt`ro` y/` emdp`.8. Empmeonmn nb mjdmebfmdobft` y vonm toj.9. @pbrmeof y dmftbfodobft` nbj nbpsot` nb rbjmvbs.

Nbserocor jms dbnonms nb e`ftr`j nb br`sof bjoem e`fsonbrmnms bf bjnosb` nbjQr`ybet`, ms e`d` jms dbnonms nb e`ftr`j ofe`rp`rmnms pmrm bvotmr bj mrrmstrbnb sbnodbft`s lmeom j`s eurs`s nb mium.Qmn nb joxovomeof(so mpjoem)E`fsonbrmr7=. Bj nosb` nb jms pjmtmh`rdms nb joxovomeof y nbj pmn, ofejuybfn` bjprèbnodobft` nb e`fstrueeof m bdpjbmrsb, odpbrdbmcojozmeof,emrmetbrstoems ib`dtroems, e`rtbs trmfsvbrsmhbs y h`fiotunofmjbs, bvmjumeofnb su bstmcojonmn bf e`fnoeo`fbs bsttoems y psbun` bsttoems, emfmjbs nbe`r`fmeof, sostbdms nb e`ftr`j nb ofhojtrmeo`fbs, bte.3. Emnm ufm nb jms bstrueturms lonrujoems e`fsonbrmnms bf bj pr`ybet`nbstofmnms m jm pr`tbeeof nb jm emjonmn nb jms miums supbrhoeomjbs (emfmjbsnb nbrovmeof, sbnodbftmn`rbs, bte.), ofejuybfn` bj nosb` nb jms dosdms, mse`d` j`s prèbnodobft`s nb e`fstrueeof y nb dmftbfodobft` prbvost`s pmrmemnm ufm nb bstms bstrueturms.5. Bj nosb` nbj sostbdm nb suc-nrbfmgb e`fsonbrmn` pmrm jm rbe`jbeeof nb jmss`jueo`fbs, ofejuybfn` jms ofhrmbstrueturms nb e`jbeeof (p`zms nb s`jueofroem y p`crb) y p`zm nb irmfnbs bvbft`s.>. Dmfbg` y/` rbeoejmgb nb jm s`jueof p`crb y bjodofmeof ` mtbfumeof nb jmsustmfeom bxtrmet`rm nbj dbtmj (eomfur`).2. Ub nbcb ofnoemr j`s puft`s nb nbsemrim y jms dbnonms nb e`ftr`j qub sbmn`ptmrf pmrm imrmftozmr jm emjonmn nb jms miums nb f` e`ftmet`nbsemrimnms (bf ems` nb sbr fbebsmro`), nbcobfn` ofejuorsb bf bstb jtod`mspbet` sus nosb`s m fovbj nb hmetocojonmn.8. Empmeonmn nb mjdmebfmdobft` y vonm toj.9. @pbrmeof y dmftbfodobft` nbjpmn nb joxovomeof.Nbserocor jms dbnonms nb e`ftr`j nb br`sof bjoem e`fsonbrmnms bf bjnosb` nbjQr`ybet`, ms e`d` jms dbnonms nb e`ftr`j ofe`rp`rmnms pmrm bvotmr bj mrrmstrbnb sbnodbft`s lmeom j`s eurs`s nb mium.Ofstmjmeo`fbs v dmfbo` nb bhjubftbs v bdoso`fbs

E`fsonbrmr pmrm j`s e`dp`fbftbs7=. Nomirmdm nb hjug` y cmjmfeb nb mium bf bj rbm nb dofm.3. Nbrovmeof y/` e`jbeeof nbj mium nb bse`rrbftm y mhj`rmdobft` nb jms rbmsmnymebftbs, e`f bj `cgbtov` nb bvotmr su ofirbs` m jms ofstmjmeo`fbs nb dofm,bvotmfn` bj oferbdbft` nbj mium nb e`ftmet`.5. E`jbeeof, us`, rbus`, rbeoejmgb yj` trmtmdobft` nb bse`rrbftms yj`mhj`rmdobft`s nb mium pr`vbfobftbs nbj rbm nb dofm, sostbdms e`ftbfeof ymosjmdobft` nbj mium bftrb `tr`s.>. Dbnonms nb e`ftr`j pr`pubstms msèomnms mj eudpjodobft` nb j`s JDQ.2. E`dp`fbftbs nbj sostbdm nb e`fnueeof, mjdmebfmdobft` nb mium y dmfbg`nb z`fms krstoems (emfmjbs nb nbrovmeof, p`z`s nb c`dcb`, p`z`s nbnrbfmgb nb pmsov`s, cèmdofms, imjbrms, sostbdms nb e`ftbfeof,mosjmdobft`, b ofhrmbstrueturm nb mjdmebfmdobft` nb mium) y susemrmetbrstoems hsoems (nodbfso`fbs, pr`hufnonmn, nbtmjjbs nb e`fstrueeof)e`f pjmf`s nb ucoemeof y emrmetbrstoems nb j`s e`dp`fbftbs, m fovbj nbhmetocojonmn.8. Quft`s nb vbrtodobft` e`f nbtmjjbs nb trmtmdobft` prb-nbsemrim qub ofejuym7sostbdms nb trmtmdobft` nb miums (trmtmdobft` metov` y/` pmsov`), miumsnb vomj bf e`ftmet` e`f j`s nbjQiofm =5 nb 2=



18/55

(I;"A

NB^MJJBQr`ybet` (sbif e`rrbsp`fnm p`r fbutrmjozmeof, rbdèof nb sjon`snosubjt`s, rbdèof nb e`fstotuybftbs `rifoe`s, rbdèof nb pmrteujms bfsuspbfsof bftrb `tr`s), prbeosmr jms emrmetbrstoems hsoems, qudoems ydoer`co`jioems y, v`jdbfbs dbfsumjozmn`s nb jms miums rbsonumjbstrmtmnms, msodosd` ofnoemr jms dbnonms nb e`ftr`j pmrm prbvbfor jme`ftmdofmeof nb miums suctbrrfbms, nbtbrdofmfn` jm emjonmn nb mium bfjms ofstmjmeo`fbs.9. Qrbeosmr hubftbs nb bdoso`fbs nbj pr`ybet`, ofnoemr j`s pmrdbtr`s nb jmsbdoso`fbs imsb`sms ibfbrmn`s p`r jms metovonmnbs pr`poms nb emnm btmpm,prbsbftmr bj ejeuj` nbj v`judbf nb bdoso`fbs qub sb ibfbrb p`r sucprèbs`m hof nb tbfbr ejeuj`s t`tmjbs p`r btmpm, ofnoemfn` profeopmjbs rbmsmhbetmnms j` qub nbcbr cmsmrsb bf uf d`nbjmdobft` nb morb. Bstbd`nbjmdobft` nbcbr sbr mnguftmn` eumfn` sb lmf nbtbrdofmn` eubrp`srbebpt`rbs ebremf`s mj pr`ybet`.

Bf cmsb m jm emftonmn pr`ybetmnm nb vbleuj`s qub trmfsotmrf (bspbeomjdbftbMFQ, WM ` MES), emjeujmr jms bdoso`fbs pr`vbfobftbs nb jms hubftbs dvojbsrbqubronms pmrm bj pr`ybet`.E`fsonbrmr pmrm j`s e`dp`fbftbs nbj pr`ybet`7=. E`ftr`jnb dmtbromj pmrtoeujmn`7 QÛ, QD=1, QD 3;2 y dbtmjbs"3. E`ftr`j nb imsbs7 nb jms bdoso`fbs nb dofm suctbrrfbm, bdoso`fbs nbbquop`s, dmquofmroms y vbleuj`s (U@3, E@, E@x, F@x)5. E`ftr`j nb ruon` y vocrmeo`fbs ibfbrmn` p`r7 v`jmnurms, metovonmnbs nbpbrh`rmeof, bxemvmeo`fbs y `pbrmeof nb bquop`s, vbleuj`s y dmquofmrm.I`dpjbo` dbtmjrqoe` (so mpjoem)` Hofmjonmn/pr`psot`. Nodbfso`fbs nb jms ofstmjmeo`fbs nbj e`dpjbg`.. ôp` nb dofbrmj m prèbsmr y empmeonmn nb prèbsmdobft`.. Nbseropeof nb j`s prèbs`s dbtmjrioe`s m rbmjozmr (por`dbtmjurioe`s `lonr`dbtmjurioe`s, bte.).. Nomirmdm nb hjug` y cmjmfeb nb dmsm (nb dofbrmj y nb mium).` Nbseropeof nbj dmtbromj muxojomr m utojozmr (hufnbftb, e`qub, sustmfeomseonms ` mjemjofms, `tr`s).. jnbftohoemr jms hubftbs nb vbrtodobft`s nb bhjubftbs y nb bdoso`fbsmtd`shroems.. Juimr nb nosp`soeof nb rbsonu`s (spboss, bse`roms, ropo`s, cmrrbf,s`jueo`fbs p`crbs, sustmfeoms rbsonumjbs, `tr`s).` Qr`nuet`s hofmjbs y e`dpjbdbftmro`s (mjdmebfmdobft`, emrmetbrstoems ytmsm nb pr`nueeof).. Bsqubdms nb nostrocueof nbj e`dpjbg` dbtmjrioeÒfstmjmeo`fbs v metovonmnbs nb dmfbo` v/` nosp`soeof nb rbsonu`s sjon`s7=. Nbserocor j`s nohbrbftbs top`s nb rbsonu`s qub sb prbv ibfbrmr (nb prèbs`s,nb ofstmjmeo`fbs muxojomrbs, bte.), bstodmfn` v`judbf y dmsm, y puft`s nbibfbrmeof.3. Emrmetbrozmr y dmfbgmr j`s rbsonu`s nb prèbs` dofbr`, nbsnb su ibfbrmeoflmstm jm nosp`soeof hofmj nb j`s dosd`s.5. Emrmetbrozmr, me`pomr, mjdmebfmr, nmr trmtmdobft`, me`fnoeo`fmr y lmebrnosp`soeof hofmj nb j`s rbsonu`s sjon`s, pbjoir`s`s y f` pbjoir`s`s7. jfnustromjbs.. N`dstoe`s.. Nb mtbfeof nb smjun.. Bspbeomjbs.` @tr`s.` Metovonmnbs nb rbm mdobft`,

Qiofm => nb 2=



19/55

. Nbseropeof nb ofhrmbstrueturm nb dmfbg` y/` nosp`soeof nb rbsonu`ssjon`s y joxovomn`s, nb meubrn` m jm f`rdmtovonmn voibftb.` ^rmfsp`rtb oftbrf` y bxtbrf` nb rbsonu`s p`r bdprbsms rbiostrmnms bf bjDÊ-NOIBUM), nb mpjoemr.Mjdmebfmdobft` nb dmtbromjbs pbjoqr`s`s7. Dmfbg` nb j`s rbeopobftbs y/` rbms nb mjdmebfmdobft`.` S`tujmn` nb bfvmsbs nb meubrn` m jms hoelms nb dmfbg`.` Ubmjmr jm top`jìm nb jms sustmfeoms txoems y dmtbromjbs pbjoir`s`smjdmebfmn`s tbdp`rmjdbftb ` pbrdmfbftbdbftb mnguftmfn` sus l`gmsnb sbiuronmn. Ofejusof bf bj Qjmf nb Dmfbg`, nb j`s d`fot`rb`s nb bdoso`fbs ` huimsbf bstms ofstmjmeo`fbs.

Bvmjumeof nb ofe`dpmtocojonmn bf bj mjdmebfmdobft` nb dmtbromjbs ysustmfeoms pbjoir`sms.. Dmfbg` nb sustmfeoms e`rr`sovms.. Dmfbg` nb sustmfeoms ofhjmdmcjbs.. Dmfbg` nb sustmfeoms e`dcustocjbs.. Dmfbg` nb pr`nuet`s eon`s.. Dmfbg` nb jquon`s txoe`s.. Dmfbg` nb jquon`s ofhjmdmcjbs.. Dmfbg` nb bxpj`sov`s, sustmfeoms fèovms b orrotmftbs, e`dcurbftbs ye`rr`sov`s. Erotbro`s pmrm bj mjdmebfmdobft`, dmfbg`, dotoimeof nb sustmfeomspbjoir`sms bf e`fnoeo`fbs f`rdmjbs y bvbft`s bxtrbd`s.. Qubrtms nb meebs` qub pbrdotmf ufm `pbrmeof bhoeobftb.

ImftbrmsUb nbserocorf jms emftbrms qub sb rbqubrorf pmrm `ctbfbr dmtbromjbs òfsud`s pmrm jm `pbrmeof, ofnoemfn` su ucoemeof, top` nb dmtbromj yv`judbf m bxtrmbr, bftrb `trms.

@trms Ofstmjmeo`fbs b OfhrmbstrueturmsUb nbcbr ofnoemr jm ucoemeof y jm nbseropeof nb jms soiuobftbs ofstmjmeo`fbs7. Nbpsot` nb subj` `rifoe`.. Bstmeof nb mcmstbeodobft` nb e`dcustocjb (iroh`).. ^mjjbrbs nb dmftbfodobft`.. rbms nb bstmeo`fmdobft` nb dmquofmroms, bquop`s y vbleuj`s.. Mjdmebfbs.. Emsm nb hubrzm.. Hufnoeo`fbs y rbhofbrms(e`d` metovonmn e`dpjbdbftmrom of sotu)` Q`jv`rofbs.. Cmjmfzms.` Uostbdm nb mcmstbeodobft` nb mium ofnustromj.. Uostbdm nb trmtmdobft` nb mium ofnustromj.. Uostbdm nb mcmstbeodobft` nb mium p`tmcjb.` Uostbdm nb trmtmdobft` nb miums sbrvonms.. Uostbdm nb dmfbg` nb rbsonu`s sjon`s. jfstmjmeo`fbs pmrm bj mjdmebfmdobft`, trmtmdobft` y nosp`soeof nbrbsonu`s sjon`s.. Emdpmdbft`.. @hoeofms. Ebftr` nb mtbfeof m jm smjun.` Jmc`rmt`ro` pmrm mfjosos nb dubstrms nb dofm.. rbm nbstofmnm nb meubrn` mj top` nb ofstmjmeof (rbm nb

Qiofm =2 nb 2=



20/55

O^BD NB^MJJB

w

mjdmebfmdobft` nb dubstrms, jmc`rmt`ro` nb mfjosos qudoe`).. Sbsbrv`ro`s nb mium, t`dms nb emptmeof.. Emfmjbs nb e`fnueeof nb mium pmrm bj robi`, rbsbrv`ro`s, bte.` Ofstmjmeo`fbstbdp`rmjbs.` @trms ofstmjmeo`fbs muxojomrbs.Bquop`s v Dmquofmroms7r Emdo`fbtms y vbleuj`s jovomf`s.. Dmquofmrom, bquop`s y vbleuj`s7m" Dmquofmrom y bquop`s pmrm d`vodobft` nb tobrrms.c. Dmquofmrom y bquop`s pmrm pbrh`rmeof.e. Bquop`s pmrmozmjb, emrim y nbsemrim-n. Nbfsotdbtr`s.b. Xbleuj`s pbsmn`s pmrm trmfsp`rtb nb dofbrmjbs.h. Xbleuj`s pmrm bjtrmfsp`rtb nb dmtbromjbs b ofsud`s.i Emdof eostbrfm pmrm mcmstbeodobft` nb mium.l. Emrr` nb c`dcbr`.o. Mdcujmfeom.g. @tr`s.

Ofsud`s v dMjbromjbs rbqubron`s7Ofsud`s y dmtbromjbs rbqubron`s pmrm bj prèbs` nb dofmn`, e`d`7. Bxpj`sov`s7m. Hujdofmftbs, c``stbrs, e`rnf nbt`fmftb, bdujsofbfemrtuelmnm.c. Meebs`ro`s nb v`jmnurm.e. Mfh` (fotrmt` nb md`fo` y nobsbj) y nofmdotm pmrm jms v`jmnurms.n. Rfonmn nb fotrmt` nb md`fo`.. E`dcustocjb pmrm dmquofmrom y bquop`s.. Ofsud`s y dmtbromjbs pmrm dmftbfodobft` nb dmquofmrom y bquop`s7mebotbs, jucroemftbs, irmsms, rbmetov`s sjon`s y jquon`s, eojofnr`s, trmp`sofnustromjbs, pofturms, mbr`s`jbs, pbimdbft`s, bte.. Sbjmeof nb `tr`s ofsud`s y bquop`s odp`rtmftbs y bspbehoe`sfbebsmro`s pmrm jm metovonmn.. Dmtbromjbs b odpjbdbft`s nb jodpobzm.. @tr`s.

Mcmstbeodobft` nb bfbrqmE`fsonbrmr7` Hubftbs nb bfbrim (prèbnbfeom nb jm bfbrim) pmrm bj prèbs`pr`nuetov` ms e`d` ofstmjmeo`fbs muxojomrbs.. Nbtmjjb eumftotmtov` nb j`s nohbrbftbs top`s nb bfbrim utojozmn`s (imsfmturmj, pbtrjb`, bjetroem, bte.).. E`fsud` ibfbrmj nb bfbrim (pjmftms nb pr`nueeof b ofstmjmeo`fbsmuxojomrbs).. E`fsud` nb bfbrim bstodmn` p`r t`fbjmnm trmtmnm nb dofbrmj è`febftrmn` bf bj prèbs` pr`nuetov`.` E`fsud` nb bfbrim bstodmn` p`r btmpms nbj prèbs` pr`nuetov`.

@tr`s pr`vbet`s msèomn`s v/` bs`behoe`s7 (eumfn` mpjoqub)^rmfsp`rtb tbrrbstrb bxtbrf`Qmrm bj trmfsp`rtb sb tbfnrf bf eubftm j` soiuobftb7. Ubjbeeof nb jm(s) vom(s) bxtbrfms pmrm bj trmfsp`rtb nb dofbrmjbs, bfems` sbm mpjoemcjb. Bvmjumeof nb robsi` nb jms vms bxtbrfm(s) b oftbrfm(s) nb trmfsp`rtb. Qbrdos`s fbebsmro`s pmrm bj trmfsp`rtb nb dmtbromjbs pbjoir`s`s, bfems` sbm mpjoemcjb pmrm bjtrmfsp`rtb bf vm pcjoem.

Qiofm =2 nb 2=



21/55

. ^rmfsp`rtb p`r emdo`fbs (so mpjoem)7m. Sutm nb trmfsp`rtb.c. X`judbf bstodmn` nb dofbrmj m trmfsp`rtmr p`r nm.e. Emrmetbrstoems nbjvbleuj`.n. Fdbr` bstodmn` nb emdo`fbs y vomgbs.b. Xbjèonmn pr`dbno` nb j`s emdo`fbs nurmftb bj trmfsp`rtb.h. E`ftr`jnb p`jv`.i ^rmfsp`rtb p`r hmgm (so mpjoem).l. Uostbdms nb e`ftr`jnb nbrrmdbs nbj dmtbromj qub sb trmfsp`rtm.o. Uostbdms nb vbftojmeof bf j`s puft`s nb trmfshbrbfeom nbjdmtbromj qub trmfsp`rtmf.g. Uostbdm nb trmfsp`rtb nbconmdbftb rbeucobrt`.^rmfsp`rtb hjuvomj7 Sutm nb trmfsp`rtb.` Mfjosos nb robsi` bf jm rutm nb trmfsp`rtb.. Rf er`fìrmdm bstodmn` nb vomgbs y nb v`judbf m trmfsp`rtmr p`r vomgb. Uostbdms nb rbebpeof, trmtmdobft` y nosp`soeof nb j`s rbsonu`sjquon`s y sjon`s ibfbrmn`s bf jms bdcmremeo`fbs, nb meubrn` e`f j`nospubst` p`r jm mut`ronmn dmrtodm y bj rbijmdbft` rbspbetov`.. Mn`peof nb `trms dbnonms y nosp`soeo`fbs bfemdofmnms m prbvbfor `dotoimr jm e`ftmdofmeof nb j`s eubrp`s nb mium p`r j`s vbleuj`s nbtrmfsp`rtb, imrmftozmfn` bj trmfsp`rtb sbiur` nb bstms sustmfeoms.. E`dpbtbfeoms nb j`s `pbrmro`s y nbj pbrs`fmj nb trmfsp`rtb.m. Qbrhoj nb e`dpbtbfeoms nb j`s `pbrmn`rbs y pbrs`fmj nbtrmfsp`rtb.c. Empmeotmeof Mdcobftmj.e. Empmeotmeof Ubiuronmn y Umjun @eupmeo`fmj.n. Empmeotmeof bf bj Qjmf nb Bdbribfeom.. Qrìrmdms nb bftrbfmdobft`, empmeotmeof y novujimeof.` Qjmfbs nb e`ftofibfeom (sostbdms nb prbvbfef y e`ftr`j nb nbrrmdbsbf j`s eubrp`s nb mium y mhbetmeof m jm co`novbrsonmn meutoem, bftrb`tr`s).

Dofbr`nuetÈ`fsonbrmr7. Sutm nb trmfsp`rtb.` Mfjosos nb robsi` bf jm rutm nbj dofbr`nuet`.` Emrmetbrstoems nb jm pujpm m trmfsp`rtmr.` X`judbf bstodmn` nb e`febftrmn`s nb dofbrmj m trmfsp`rtmr p`r nm.. Empmeonmn bstodmnm nb trmfsp`rtb nbj dofbr`nuet`.` Uostbdm nb d`fot`rb` nb prbsof, pr`tbeeof emtnoem, rbebpeof nbje`febftrmn` y rbiujmeof nbj hjug`.. Uostbdm nb e`ftr`j pmrm jm nbtbeeof nb huims y eobrrb nb vjvujms bf bjtrmd` nb jm huim.. Qrìrmdm nb dbnoeof nbj bspbs`r nb tucbrm e`d` pmrtb nbjdmftbfodobft` prbvbftov` pmrm bj rbbdpjmz` nbj nuet` ` pmrtb nb =.. Uostbdms nb e`ftbfeof nb nbrrmdbs, nb jm pujpm nb dofbrmj qub sbtrmfsp`rtb, bf j`s trmd`s mdcobftmjdbftb ertoe`s (eruebs nb r`s `pr`xodonmn m eubrp`s nb mium, bte.).. Dmfbg` nbj mium qub sb utojozm pmrm bjtrmfsp`rtb nbj e`febftrmn`.

^rmfsp`rtb p`r hmom7 Sutm nb trmfsp`rtb.` X`judbf bstodmn` nb e`febftrmn` m trmfsp`rtmr p`r nm.. Uostbdms nb e`ftr`j nb nbrrmdbs nbj dmtbromj qub sb trmfsp`rtm.. Uostbdms nb vbftojmeof bf j`s puft`s nb trmfshbrbfeom nbj dmtbromj qubrtmf.

Qiofm =9 nb 2=



22/55

Jfbm nb trmsdosof bjetroem7. Nbdmfnm nbj bfbrim nbj pr`ybet`` Hubftb nb mcmstbeodobft` nb bfbrim.. Rcoemeof nb jm jfbm (ofnoemr e`dufonmnbs emdpbsofms, nostrot`s,pr`vofeoms y/` rbio`fbs).` ^rmz` nb jm jfbm (ofnoemr bj fdbr` nb vrtoebs y nb p`stbs, j`fiotunt`tmj); ucoemeo`fbs e`f e``rnbfmnms R^D.- Emrmetbrstoems nb jm jfbm (tbfsof, p`tbfeom nb trmfsdosof, tbrfms,nosp`soeof nbj e`fnuet`r, hrbeubfeom f`dofmj, e`fnuet`r, emcjb nbiumrnm, mosjmn`rbs, pubstm m tobrrm, bftrb `tr`s).- Emrmetbrstoems nb j`s p`stbs (dmtbromj, mosjmn`rbs, rbsostbfeom, `tr`s).- Rcoemeof nb jms suc bstmeo`fbs nb jjbimnm y nb smjonm (bf e``rnbfmnmsR^D), nodbfso`fbs, dmtbromjbs, `tr`s.- Emrmetbrstoems nb jms suc bstmeo`fbs (ofnoemr jms d`nohoemeo`fbs y/`mdpjomeo`fbs, sostbdms nb bftrmnm y smjonm, e`fbxo`fbs, smjm nb e`ftr`j,`tr`s).Mjdmebfbs nb e`febftrmn`s nb dofbrmjbsQmrm bj mjdmebfmdobft` nb e`febftrmn`s nb dofbrmjbs ms e`d` j`sdmtbromjbs pbjoir`s`s sb tbfnrf bf eubftm bj N. Jbi. F'=1>< y j`ssoiuobftbs mspbet`s7. Qbrdos`s fbebsmro`s pmrm bj mjdmebfmdobft` nb sustmfeomspbjoir`sms.` Emrmetbrstoems hsoems y qudoems nbj dmtbromj qub sb mjdmebfmr.` Mfjosos nb robsi` y bvmjumeof nb jms mjtbrfmtovms nbofhrmbstrueturm nb mjdmebfmdobft` y nosb` nb ofstmjmeo`fbssbiurms pmrm bj mdcobftb.. Erotbro`s bspbehoe`s nb mjdmebfmdobft`.

. Rcoemeof nbj mjdmef nb e`febftrmn`s.` Dmpm nb ucoemeof nb jms rbms nb mjdmebfmdobft` oftbrdbno`nb j`s e`febftrmn`s nb dofbrmjbs.. Nbseropeof y nosb` nbj rbm bdpjbmnm pmrm bj mjdmebfmdobft`.. Rs` nb tbef`j`ims qub pbrdotmf e`ftr`jmr jm e`ftmdofmeof bf bjoftbro`r y bxtbro`r nb jms rbms nb mjdmebfmdobft` nbe`febftrmn`s nb dofbrmjbs (e`cbrturm qub pubnbf ofejuor sbjjmn`lbrdtoe` ` ofstmjmeo`fbs nb prbsof fbimtovm, nbpbfnobfn` nb supbjoir`sonmn, sostbdm nb vbftojmeof qub pubnb ofejuor edmrms nbbxpmfsof, eoej`fbs, hojtr`s ldbn`s, sbe`s, jmvmn`rbs nb imsbsbftrb `tr`s).. Dt`n`s nb mjdmebfmgb `robftmn`s m e`ftr`jmr j`s odpmet`sfbimtov`s nb jm metovonmn s`crb bj mdcobftb, jm smjun bofhrmbstrueturm.. Empmeonmn nb j`s mjdmebfbs nb e`febftrmn`s nb dofbrmjbs.. Qubrtms nb meebs` qub pbrdotmf ufm `pbrmeof bhoeobftb.. Qmrdbtr`s f`rdmn`s rbspbet` mj pbs` y emrmetbrstoems nb jmemrim nb e`febftrmn`s qub sb trmfsp`rtmr.. Er`f`irmdm nb metovonmnbs bf bj mjdmebfmdobft`, trmfsp`rtb ybdcmrqub bf bj pubrt`.. Hubftbs y dmfbg` nb miums pmrm bj pr`ybet`.. Uostbdm nb jmvmn` nb emdo`fbs mftbs nb smjor nbj mjdmef nbe`febftrmn`s nb dofbrmjbs. Uostbdm nb jodpobzm nb pos`s bf bj rbm nb mjdmebfmdobft` nbe`febftrmn`s.. E`ftr`jnb ludbnmn nb j`s e`febftrmn`s mjdmebfmn`s.. Bquop`s pmrm jm nbsemrim y emrim nb j`s e`febftrmn`s.. Dbno` nb trmfsp`rtb nbje`febftrmn` lmeom bj pubrt`.. jfstmjmeo`fbsmuxojomrbs.

Qiofm =< nb 2=



23/55

Uostbdm nb Bdcmrqub dmrtod`b Rcoemeof nbj pubrt` nb bdcmrqub nb e`febftrmn`s nb dofbrmjbs.. Dmpm nb ucoemeof nbj pubrt` nb bdcmrqub nb j`s e`febftrmn`s nbdofbrmjbs.. Sutm nb meebs` nbsnb jms ofstmjmeo`fbs nbj mjdmef oftbrdbno` lmstm bjpubrt` nb bdcmrqub nb e`febftrmn`s nb dofbrmjbs.` Mfjosos nb robsi` nb jm rutm nb meebs` nbsnb jms ofstmjmeo`fbs nbjmjdmef oftbrdbno` lmstm bh pubrt` nb bdcmrqub nb e`febftrmn`s nbdofbrmjbs.` Qmrdbtr`s f`rdmn`s rbspbet` mj pbs` y emrmetbrstoems nb jm emrim nbe`febftrmn`s qub sb trmfsp`rtmr.. Bvmjumeof emrmetbrstoems hsoems y qudoems nbj dmtbromj m bdcmremr(nb meubrn` m jbybs).. Nbseropeof nbj dt`n` nb trmfsp`rtb nb j`s e`febftrmn`s nbsnb bjmjdmef oftbrdbno` lmstm bj pubrt` nb bdcmrqub.. Hrbeubfeom nb bdcmrqub nb e`febftrmn`s nb dofbrmjbs. Nbseropeof nb metovonmnbs bf bj bdcmrqub nb e`febftrmn`.` Xbleuj`s, bquop`s y dmquofmrom qub sb utojozmr pmrm bj bdcmrqub nbe`febftrmn`s.. Nbseropeof nb jms fstmjmeo`fbs, dmquofmrom yj` bquop`s utojozmn`s bfpubrt`, t`dmfn` bf eubftm jms dbnonms nb sbiuronmn y nb pr`tbeeofmdcobftmj fbebsmroms bf bj bdcmrqub nb e`febftrmn`s. Uostbdms nb sbiuronmn pmrm bj e`ftr`j nb dbrdm nbj dmtbromj, qub bvotbfjm nospbrsof p`r bj vobft` bf jms ofstmjmeo`fbs nbj pubrt` nurmftb bjbdcmrqub.. jdpjbdbftmeof nb ofstmjmeo`fbs pbrdmfbftbs bf bj rbm nbj pubrt`.` Uostbdm nb jodpobzm nb pos`s bf bj rbm nb mjdmebfmdobft` nbe`febftrmn`s.. Bstmeo`fbs nb d`fot`rb` nb jm emjonmn nb morb.. Qbrhoj nb e`dpbtbfeoms nbj pbrs`fmj pmrm bj bdcmrqub nb e`febftrmn`s. jfstmjmeo`fbsmuxojomrbs.` Hmeojonmnbs pmrm bj sostbdm nb nosp`soeof nb j`s rbsonu`s sjon`s ybhjubftbs n`dstoe`s qub sb ibfbrmf bf jms fmvbs qub trmfsp`rtmf j`se`febftrmn`s nb dofbrmjbs nbj pr`ybet` dofbr`, nbftr` nbj dmre` nb j`nospubst` p`r jm @rimfozmeof Dmrtodm Oftbrfmeo`fmj (@Dj) bf bj ems`nb pubrt`s provmn`s nbj totujmr dofbr`.

^`n`s j`s pr`ybet`s msèomn`s nbcbrf e`ftmr e`f su rbspbetovm jfbm cmsb,onbftohoemeof y bvmjumeof nb sus odpmet`s y bj rbspbetov` pjmf nb dmfbg`(oftbirmn` mj pjmf nb dmfbg` nbj pr`ybet` profeopmj).=.5. Nosp`focojonmn y nbdmfnm lnroem nurmftb jm btmpm nb `pbrmeo8f yj`dmftbfodobft` nbj pr`ybet`=.5.=. Nosp`focojonmn lnroem nbjrbm nb ofhjubfeom nbj `r`vbet`Sbmjozmr bj cmjmfeb lnroe` qub dubstrb jm nosp`focojonmn nbj rbeurs` pmrm jmbtmpm nb `pbrmeof y/` dmftbfodobft` nbj pr`ybet` bf bj rbm nb ofhjubfeom nbjdosd`, noel` cmjmfeb nbcbr e`fsonbrmr t`n`s j`s us`s bxostbftbs (prodmro`,n`dbstoe`, rberbmeo`fmj, bftrb `tr`s) e`f su rbspbetovm nbdmfnm metumj y huturmbstodmnm. E`fsonbrmr qub bj cmjmfeb lnroe` nbcbr bvonbfeomr jm vmromcojonmnejodtoem pr`pom nb jm z`fm (pèm nb bstomgb y mvbfonm) p`r j` eumj sb nbcbrsustbftmrsb bf jm nmtm lonr`jioem mpr`pomnm y nbcbr prbsbftmrsbbsqubdmtozmn`.=.5.3. Nbdmfnm lnroem nbj pr`vbet` nurmftb jm btm`m nb ``brmeof v/òdobft`

Qiofm =? nb 2=



24/55

hho

O^BD=

NB^MJJB

jo,', joh7

=. Cmjmfeb bstodmn` nb jm nbdmfnm y/` e`fsud` nb rbeurs`s lnroe`s nbjpr`ybet` bf jm btmpm nb `pbrmeof y dmftbfodobft`, j`s emunmjbs rbqubron`snbcbrf sbr bxprbsmn`s bf j/s, msodosd` prbeosmr bj e`fsud` dbfsumjbstodmn`.3. jnbftohoemeof nb jms hubftbs nb sudofostr` nb rbeurs`s lnroe`s pmrm bjpr`ybet` sbif top`7 supbrhoeomj y/` suctbrrfb`, prbeosmr su rbspbetovm ucoemeofib` rbhbrbfeomnm, nbseropeof tefoem (`crm nb mcmstbeodobft`, emfmjbs,vbrtbnbr`s, sostbdm nb nostrocueof, bftrb `tr`s), emunmj m nbdmfnmrrbspbetovmdbftb y us` pr`pubst` (bg. ofnustromj, n`dstoe`). Nb rbqubror bj us`nb hubftbs suctbrrfbms ofe`rp`rmr ofh`rdmeof tefoem rbspbet` mj top` nb p`z`m bdpjbmr, ir`s`r nb bftucmn`, bquop` nb c`dcb` m bdpjbmr, d`t`r, bftrb `tr`squb sb e`fsonbrbf rbjbvmftbs.5. Qrbsbftmr bj cmjmfeb lnroe` bstodmn` pmrm emnm e`dp`fbftb (bg. prbsms nbrbjmvbs, pojms nb joxovomeof, nbpsot`s nb nbsd`ftb, bte.), e`fsonbrmfn` jmvmromcojonmn bf jm prbnoeeof nb d`nbj`s nb prbeopotmeo`fbs.>. Qrbeosmr bj sostbdm nb emptmeof y nb nostrocueof m bdpjbmrsb pmrm bjmcmstbeodobft` nb rbeurs` nurmftb jm `pbrmeof y/` dmftbfodobft` nbj pr`ybet`prbsbftmr su nosb` y dbd`rom nb ejeuj` rbspbetov`.2. Ofnoemr bj v`judbf nb mium nb rbus` y nb rbeoreujmeof, sbif e`rrbsp`fnmnurmftb jm btmpm nb `pbrmeof y/` dmftbfodobft`.8. Qrbsbftmr nb dmfbrm bsqubdmtozmnm bj cmjmfeb lnroe` pmrm jm btmpm nb`pbrmeof y/` dmftbfodobft`.=.>. Dmfbg` nb mium nurmftb jm btmpm nb `pbrmeof y/` dmftbfodobft`=.>.=. Dmfbg` nb Mium nb I`ftmet`=. jfejuor jm dbd`rom nbseroptovm y erotbro`s nb ejeuj` m fovbj hmetocojonmn pmrm bjsostbdm nb dmfbg` nb mium nb e`ftmet` (tmg` mcobrt`, jmc`rbs suctbrrfbms,c`tmnbr`s, pjmtmh`rdms nb joxovomeof, nbpsot`s nb rbjmvbs, pojms nb dofbrmj,pjmftm nb prèbsmdobft`, tmjjbrbs, bte.), ofejuybfn` mnbds ofhrmbstrueturm,puft`s nb e`jbeeof nbconmdbftb rbhbrbfeomn`s, sostbdms nb trmsjmn` y/`nostrocueof, nbtmjjb nb jm empmeonmn y tbef`jìm nbj sostbdms nb trmtmdobft`, mse`d` jm ib` rbhbrbfeomeof nb j`s puft`s nb nbsemrim.3. Nbseropeof ibfbrmj eumftotmtovm nbj sostbdm oftbirmn` nb dmfbg` nb miums nbe`ftmet` sbjbeeo`fmn`, ofnoemfn` ejmrmdbftb eujbs s`f j`s `cgbtov`s nb suodpjbdbftmeof.=.>.3. Dmfbg` nb Mium nb F` E`ftmet`=. Ofejuor jm dbd`rom nbseroptovm y erotbro`s nb ejeuj` pmrm bj sostbdm nb dmfbg`nb mium nb f` e`ftmet` (ofejuybfn` sostbdms nb prb-nrbfmgb nb tmg` mcobrt`,jmc`rbs suctbrrfbms, pjmftm nb prèbsmdobft` sbif mpjoqub mj pr`ybet`),e`ftbfobfn` j`s puft`s nb e`jbeeof ib` rbhbrbfeomn`s, sostbdms nb trmsjmn` (bg.emfmjbs pbrodbtrmjbs, emfmjbs nb suc-nrbfmgb, p`zms nb sbnodbftmeof, bftrb`trms), nbhbfsms hjuvomjbs, nbseropeof nb sostbdm nb trmtmdobft` y puft`s nbnbsemrim ib` rbhbrbfeomn`s.3. Nbseropeof ibfbrmj eumftotmtovm nbj sostbdm oftbirmn` nb dmfbg` nb miums nbf` e`ftmet` sbjbeeo`fmn`, ofnoemfn` ejmrmdbftb eujbs s`f j`s `cgbtov`spbrsbiuon`s e`f su odpjbdbftmeof.

=.2. Er`fìrmdmjfejuor uf er`fìrmdm e`fsonbrmfn` jm vonm toj nbj pr`ybet`, onbftohoemfn` jmsprofeopmjbs metovonmnbs.=.8. . Dmf` nb @crm=.8.=. .- Nbserocor jm dmf` nb `crm y uf bstodmn` nbj fdbr` nb trmcmgmn`rbs qubutojozmr bj pr`ybet` bf emnm btmpm, e`fsonbrmfn` jm dmf` nb `crm emjohoemnm y fèmjohoemnm.

Qiofm 31 nb 2=



25/55

,7.Hh NB^MJJB=.8.3.-Nbtmjjmr jm e`ftrmtmeof nb dmf` nb `crm emjohoemnm y f` emjohoemnm -pr`vbfobftb nb jms rbms nb ofhjubfeom sèomj- pmrm jms btmpms nb e`fstrueeof y`pbrmeof nbj pr`ybet` dofbr`. E`fsoifmr bj p`rebftmgb bstodmn`, ms e`d` bjrucr` nb e`ftrmtmeof.=.9. Nbdmfnm y pr`vbbn`rbs nb cobfbs y sbrvoeo`s jèmjbsD`nmjonmn nb mnquosoeof nb cobfbs, ofsud`s, pr`nuet`s y sbrvoeo`s nbjms rbms nb ofhjubfeom sèomj. jnbftohoemr rucr`s nb pr`nuet`s ypr`vbbn`rbs.G. Btmpm nb eobrrb e`febptumjNbserocor nb h`rdm ibfbrmj, jms emrmetbrstoems nbj eobrrb e`febptumj nb jm huturmufonmn dofbrm, bj qub sbr nbserot` nb h`rdm ds nbtmjjmnm bf bj tbd 9e`rrbsp`fnobftb nb j`s ^nS nbj Qjmf nb Dmfbg` nbj BOM n.K. Bjmc`rmeof nb emrtìrmhm ibfbrmjUb nbcbr prbsbftmr bj dmpm nb ucoemeof nb t`n`s j`s e`dp`fbftbs profeopmjbsy muxojomrbs nbjpr`ybet` dofbr` m bsemjm =/=1 111.^`nms jms ofhrmbstrueturms eovojbs nb j`s e`dp`fbftbs profeopmjbs y muxojomrbs nbjpr`ybet` dofbr`, nbcbrf e`ftmr e`f j`s pjmf`s nb pjmftm e`rrbsp`fnobftbs, mbsemjm =j 3 211 m == 2 111, (Nmtud l`roz`ftmj YIU y W`fm rbspbetovm),nbconmdbftb suserot`s, nbconmdbftb ib` rbhbrbfeomnms; e`d` nb pbrhoj `sbeeo`fbs.

5. JOFBM CMUB E`dprbfnb bj bstuno` (ofvbftmro`, bvmjumeof y nomifstoe`) nb j`s hmet`rbs è`dp`fbftbs mdcobftmjbs (hsoe`s, co`jioe`s y sèomjbs), e`f bj hof nbnbtbrdofmr jm emjonmn mdcobftmjnbj rbm nbj pr`ybet` bx mftb.Ub rbmjozmr bf uf rbm ibìrhoem qub e`dprbfnm m jms rbms nb ofhjubfeommdcobftmj norbetm b ofnorbetm nbj pr`ybet`, ds mjiufm(s) rbm(s) qub sbbfeubftrb(f) bf jms ofdbnomeo`fbs nb jms rbms ofnoemnms, qub tbfimf mjifoftbrs bf bspbeomj.Uu bgbeueof y bjmc`rmeof nbcbr sbr e`f ofh`rdmeof prodmrom y sbeufnmrom ye`dprbfnbr bj tobdp` dfod` nb uf (1=) m` y j`s pbr`n`s nb jjuvom y nb bstomgbnb jm z`fm nbj pr`ybet`, e`f bj hof nb qub jm ofh`rdmeof sbm rbprbsbftmtovm.Bj bstuno` nb emnm hmet`r ` e`dp`fbftb mdcobftmj nbcbr e`ftmr e`f susrbspbetov`s dmpms bf e``rnbfmnms R^D y Nmtud YIU , bf jm eumj sbdubstrb j`s eubrp`s nb mium, jdotbs nbj MFQ, WM ` MES (nb sbr bj ems`),ebftr`s p`cjmn`s y j`s e`dp`fbftbs nbj pr`ybetÙb nbcbrf ofejuor j`s soiuobftbs bjbdbft`s7m. Nbseropeof nb jm ucoemeof nbj pr`ybetÈ`dprbfnb jm nbseropeof nb jm ucoemeof, bxtbfsof y bdpjmzmdobft` nbjpr`ybet`, onbftohoemfn` y nbhofobfn` su rbm nb ofhjubfeom norbetm b ofnorbetm p`remnm hmet`r ` e`dp`fbftb mdcobftmj (mium, morb, subj`, bftrb `tr`s),e`fsonbrmfn` bjbstuno` nb dmer` y doer` jèmjozmeof, mse`d` jm ucoemeof e`frbjmeof m uf rbm fmturmj pr`tbionm yj` z`fm nb md`rtoiumdobft`, z`fms nbmi`tmdobft` ` pr`tbeeof nb rbeurs`s lnroe`s, nb sbr bj ems`. Jm pr`pubstm nbonbftohoemeof v bvmjumeof nbj rbm nb ofhjubfeom mdcobftmj sbr rmtohoemnm `

Qiofm 3=nb 2=



26/55

hhhohh,,.7, 7. ,,t'/

O^Boj 77d`nohoemnm p`r jm Mut`ronmn e`dpbtbftb.c. Nbseropeof nbj dbno` hsoe`

c.j. Dbtb`r`jìm, ejodm y z`fms nb vonmNbserocor bj riodbf dbtb`r`jioe`, e`fnoeo`fbs pr`dbno` y poe`se`fsonbrmfn` uf pbr`n` dfod` nb rbiostr` nb 1= m`, bf z`fms n`fnb f`lmym bstmeo`fbs dbtb`r`jioems ebremfms; y nb j`s jtod`s =2 m`s bf z`fmsn`fnb sosb eubftm e`f rbiostr`s dbtb`r`jioe`s.Ofejuor jm soiuobftb ofh`rdmeof7Bstmeo`fbs dbtb`r`jioems, pmrdbtr`s dbnon`s, pbro`n`s nb rbiostr`,mfjosos nb jm emjonmn nb nmt`s, t`dmfn` bf eubftm jm rbprbsbftmtovonmn ye`fhomcojonmn nb jm ofh`rdmeof utojozmnm y `tr`s mspbet`s rbjbvmftbs. Ofejuordmpm nb ucoemeof nb jms bstmeo`fbs dbtb`r`jioems.Ejmsohoemeof nb ejodm (sb nbcbr e`fsonbrmr jm ejmsohoemeof ^l`rfwmotbbdpjbmnm p`r bj UBFMDLO; bf ems` f` bxostm ufm rbn mnbeumnm nbbstmeo`fbs, e`fsonbrmr jm rbmjozmeof nb d`nbjmdobft` pmrm jm `ctbfeof nbpmrdbtr`s dbtb`r`jioe`s. Nb meubrn` mj mjemfeb nbj pr`ybet`, sb ofejuoruf mfjosos nb t`rdbftms, ofejuybfn` jm nostrocueof bspmeomj y tbdp`rmj nbjjuvoms, dbnomftb os`ybtms y mfjosos nb eurvms O@H (oftbfsonmn, nurmeof yhrbeubfeom); uf cmjmfeb lnroe` (e`f y sof pr`ybet`); jm bjmc`rmeof nbos`tbrdms pmrm e`fèbr jm vmromeof nb jm tbdpbrmturm bf h`rdm bspmeomj yèurrbfeom nb fobvb y meudujmeof.^bdpbrmturm7 pr`dbno` dbfsumj, mfumjy vmj`rbs poe`.Qrbeopotmeof7 pr`dbno` dbfsumj, mfumj, vmj`rbs pe` nomro`s (prbeopotmeofdxodm bf 3> l`rms), dbfsumjbs y mfumjbs; e`f pbro`n`s nb rbt`rf` pmrm3m`s, 2 m`s, =1 m`s, 31 m`s, 21 m`s, =11 m`s y 211 m`s, nb meubrn` mjms emrmetbrstoems y rbqubrodbft`s nbj pr`ybet`. Qrbeosmr jm rbjmeof nbprbeopotmeof e`f mjtotun.@eurrbfeom nb fobvb y meudujmeof nb fobvb, sbif e`rrbsp`fnm.@eurrbfeom nb sbqum y m`s ldbn`s (e`fsonbrmr hbfdbf`s Bj Fo` y JmFom -BF@U- y `tr`s bvbft`s bxtrm`rnofmro`s qub oferbdbftbf jmvujfbrmcojonmn nbj rbm).Bvmp`rmeof p`tbfeomj sbif e`rrbsp`fnm, utojozmfn` jm dbt`n`jìm nb Jmi`y metumj. Nb sbr bj ems`, e`fsonbrmr bj pr`dbno` dbfsumj, mfumj, vmj`rbspoe`s dbfsumjbs y mfumjbs.Xobft`, norbeeo`fbs y vbjèonmn, r`sm nb vobft`, pr`dbno`s dbfsumjbs ymfumjbs, vmj`rbs poe`s nomro`s, dbfsumjbs, mfumjbs.Ludbnmn rbjmtovm, e`fsonbrmr bj pr`dbno` dbfsumj, mfumj, vmj`rbs poe`sdbfsumjbs y mfumjbs.Qrbsof cmr`dtroem.Sbsujtmn`s nbj d`fot`rb` mfumj nb `tr`s pmrdbtr`s rbjbvmftbs (rmnomeofs`jmr).Nbseropeof nb jms W`fms nb Xonm nbftr` nb jms iub sb bfeubftrm bj pr`ybet`,tbfobfn` e`d` cmsb bj nbj Qbr.c.3. Ib`jìm, ib`d`rh`jìm, ib`qudoem y ib`nofdoem7Ib`jìmBstmcjbebr jms emrmetbrstoems ib`jioems, tmft` jèmj e`d` rbio`fmj nb jmsnohbrbftbs h`rdmeo`fbs ib`jioems qub sb bfeubftrmf, onbftohoemfn` tmft` sunostrocueof e`d` sus emrmetbrstoems ib`tefods e`rrbsp`fnobftbs. E`dprbfnb7m. Ib`jìm rbio`fmjy jèmj.c. D`nbjmdobft` ib`jioe`-bstrueturmj supbrhoeomj y pr`hufn` e`f susrbspbetov`s ejeuj`s nb j`s puft`s nb d`fot`rb` bstrueturmj, mfjsosrbspbetov`s.e. Ib`jìmbstrmtoirhoem.n. Nbseropeof ib`jioem, pbtrìrhoem, ib`qudoem, emrmetbrstoemsbstrueturmjbs nb trmfsdosovonmn nbj mqum

Qiofm 33nb2tSoemrn` Emrrmse` Hrmfeom - remrrmseÀpbrupr`nueeo`f.e`d


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ofhjubfeom.b. Emrmetbrozmeof ib` lostroem nbj rbm nbj pr`ybet`, ofejuybfn` j`s pbrhojbs `sbeeo`fbs e`f su nbseropeof nb jms hmsbs qub sb lmf pr`nueon`, nbsnb suofoeo` lmstm jm dofbrmjozmeof.h. Ubeeo`fbs trmfsvbrsmjbs ib`jioems m bsemjm mnbeumnm.i. Nbhofoeof nb jms pr`pobnmnbs hsoems y dbefoems nb subj`s y/` rèms.l. Nbhofoeof nb z`fms nb nbsjozmdobft`s, lumye`s y mjuvo`fbs bf bj pmsmn` yp`tbfeomj èurrbfeom.o. Sbe`dbfnmeof nb emftbrms pmrm dmtbromjbs nb e`fstrueeof.Ib`d`rh`jìm^bfnr e`d` `cgbtov` profeopmj jm emrmetbrozmeof y emrtìrmhm nb jms ufonmnbsib`d`rh`jioems, jm nbhofoeof nb rmfi`s nb pbfnobftbs, jm onbftohoemeof nb j`sprèbs`s d`rh`nofdoe`s metov`s, ofmetov`s y bspbrmn`s e`f ofeonbfeom norbetm òfnorbetm s`crb bj pr`ybet` nb oftbrs. E`d` pmrtb nbj mfjosos ib`d`rh`jioe`nbj rbm bf bstuno` sb nbcbr ofejuor7m. Btmpms ` ufonmnbs ib`d`rh`jioems e`f sus emrmetbrstoems ib` mdcobftmjbs

nbj rbm, bfhmtozmfn` bf j`s prèbs`s br`sov`s metumjbs y p`tbfeomjbs nbjsbet`r.Qjmf`s t`pìrhoe`s y h`tìrmhms, n`fnb sb bfeubftrbf bfdmremnms jmsufonmnbs ib`d`rh`jioems.Bjmc`rmr pbrhojbs t`pìrhoe`s y uf dmpm nb pbfnobftbs nb jm ufonmnd`rh`jioemIb`qudoemm. Bvmjumeof ib`qudoem nb j`s dmtbromjbs m sbr bxtrmn`s ` ibfbrmn`s(Dmtbromj bstroj, rbjmvbs, dofbrmj nb cmgm jby y dmtbromj nb prstmd`, bftrb`tr`s) pmrm nbtbrdofmr su p`tbfeomj pmrm ibfbrmeof nb nrbfmgb eon` nbrèm (NMS), joxovomeof nb dbtmjbs y `tr`s bjbdbft`s ` e`dpubst`squdoe`s. Rtojozmr prubcms bsttoems (MCM, FMI, y `tr`s) y eoftoems (UQJQ,

ebjnms ldbnms, y `tr`s) eumfn` bxostm ofebrtonudcrb rbspbet` nb sup`tbfeomj nb ibfbrmeof nb NMS. Jms mf`dmjms ib`qudoems rbsujtmftbsnbcbf sbr e`fhr`ftmnms b oftbrprbtmnms e`f ofh`rdmeof ib`jioem yib`hsoem nsp`focjbs.c.5. Lonrìrmhm, lonr`jìm, lonrìb`jìm y cmjmfeb lnroe`7

Lonrìrmhmm. Nbjodotmeof nb jms eubfems yj` suc-eubfems y/` doer`-eubfemslonrìrhoems bxostbftbs bf bjrbm nb bstuno`.c. jfvbftmro` nb hubftbs nb mium supbrhoeomj (r`s, qubcrmnms, jmiufms,dmfmftomjbs, c`hbnmjbs, bte.) b ofvbftmro` hubftbs nb miums suctbrrfbms(meuhbr`s, rbsbrvms nb miums suctbrrfbms) b ofvbftmro` nb ofhrmbstrueturmlonrujoem dmy`r y dbf`r.e. Emrmetbrozmeof nb jms profeopmjbs emrmetbrstoems lonrìb`d`rh`jioems,tmjbs e`d`7 rbm t`tmj, fnoeb nb e`dpmeonmn, hmet`r nb h`rdm, `rnbf nbe`rrobftbs, nbfsonmn e`rrobftb, nbfsonmn nb nrbfmgb, pbfnobftb dbnom nb jmeubfem, fnoeb nb pbfnobftb, eurvms lops`dtroems nb jm eubfem, pbrhojj`fiotunofmj nbj emueb profeopmj, rbetfiuj` bquovmjbftb, tobdp` nbe`febftrmeof. bftrb `tr`s.n. Emrmetbrstoems ` e`fnoeo`fbs bspbeomjbs (emtmrmtms, ijmeomrbs, bftrb `tr`s),sbif e`rrbsp`fnm.b. Emrmetbrozmeof nb j`s mibftbs nb br`sof (mium, morb y mftrpoe`s), hmet`rbsqub ofhjuybf bf jm br`sof.h. jfh`rdmeof qub nbhofm bj e`dp`rtmdobft` nb jm eubfem lonrìrhoembjmc`rmnm s`crb jm ofh`rdmeof prodmrom y sbeufnmrom, euym hubftb sbme`fhomcjb y e`fsostbftb.i. Qmrdbtr`s ib`d`rh`jie`s nb jm(s) eubfem(s) nbjrbm nb bstuno`

Qiofm 35 nb 2=



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F`tm.- Ub nbcbr ofejuor uf pjmf` m bsemjm =/=1 111 m'==32 111 qub rbprbsbftbjm rbn lonrìrhoem y j`s e`dp`fbftbs nbj pr`ybet`.Lonr`jìmNbserocor jms e`fnoeo`fbs lonr`jioems n`fnb sb ofejuym ofh`rdmeof qub nbhofmbj e`dp`rtmdobft` lonr`jioe` nb jm(s) eubfem(s) lonrìrhoem(s) nbj rbm nbbstuno`, bjmc`rmnm s`crb jm ofh`rdmeof prodmrom y sbeufnmrm, euym hubftb sbme`fhomcjb y e`fsostbftb, ofejuyfn`sb7m. Bstmeo`fbs lonr`dtroems, pjuvo`dtroems y dbtb`r`jioems nb jm z`fm bfbstuno` y puft`s nb dubstrb`, pbro`n` nb rbiostr` y emjonmn nb nmt`s.c. Nbtbrdofmr j`s emunmjbs dxod`s, dbno`s, dfod`s dbfsumjbs y j`semunmjbs poe` nb jms hubftbs qub sb bfeubftrbf nbftr` nbj pr`ybet`.e. E`bhoeobftb nb bseurrodobft`, rbfnodobft` y emunmjbs nomro`s y dbfsumjbspr`dbno`s y mvbfonms e`f pbro`n`s nb rbt`rf` nb 3, 2, =1,31,21, =11 y 211m`s pmrm eubrp`s ejmvbs bf puft`s ejmvbs e`f rbspbt` mj pr`ybet`.n. Cmjmfeb lnroe` ejodtoe` - bxebnbftb lnroe` dbfsumj y mfumj pr`dbno` ypoe` e`f pbro`n`s nb rbt`rf` nb 3, 2, =1, 31, 21, =11 y 211 m`s pmrm

eubfems ` suc-eubfems ejmvbs. Ms e`d` bj cmjmfeb lnroe` dbfsumjozmn`qub rbsudm jm rbjmeof bftrb jm nbdmfnm y jm `hbrtm nb mium bf bj tobdpè`fsonbrmfn` jm `hbrtm (Mium supbrhoeomj nbj r`, mium nb mjdmebfmdobft`,mium nb rbeupbrmeof, mium suctbrrfbm y mium nb trmsvmsb nb sbr bj ems`)y jm nbdmfnm (us`s bf sotumeof metumj y huturm).b. X`judbf nb rbsbrvms lnroems nb j`s eubrp`s ejmvb qub e`fstotuymf hubftbnb mium supbrhoeomj pmrm bj pr`ybet`, sbif e`rrbsp`fnmh. Emrmetbrozmr jms e`fnoeo`fbs nb hjug`s poe`s y bf pmrtoeujmr cmg`s, n`fnb sbnbcbr bvmjumr bj e`dp`fbftb nb hjug` cmsb.F`tm j. Ub nbcbr ofejuor uf pjmf` m bsemjm =/=1 111 m =j 32 111 qub rbprbsbftbj`s irhoe`s y nomirmdms s`crb jm nmtm lonr`jioem.F`tm 3.- Nb sbr bj ems` y mpjoqub mj pr`ybet`, sb nbcbr bvmjumr bj emunmj be`jioe`` mdcobftmj nb j`s eubrp`s nb mium qub sbrf usmn`s ` mjtbrmn`s nbcon` mjms metovonmnbs nbj pr`ybet` bf su btmpm nb `pbrmeof.- Uustbftmr j`s erotbro`s nb jms dbt`n`jìms qub e`ftbdpjb jm nbdmfnmlnroem nb j`s be`sostbdms prbsbftbs ms e`d` tmdcof nb j`se`dp`fbftbs nbj pr`ybet`.- E`fsonbrmr qub sb nbtbrdofmr bj emunmj ptod` pmrm imrmftozmr bjmnbeumn` hufeo`fmdobft` nbj be`sostbdm.- E`fsonbrmr jm nbdmfnm nbj emunmj be`jioe`, us` p`cjmeo`fmj, us`pr`nuetov`, rbsbrvm nb mium supbrhoeomjy suctbrrfbm y `tr`s bsebfmro`s.Lonrìb`jìm7m. Emrmetbrozmeof lonrìb`jioem nbj rbm nb ofhjubfeom mdcobftmj nbjpr`ybet`.c. Ofvbftmro` nb hubftbs nb mium (p`z`s, dmfmftomjbs, puquomjbs, c`hbnmjbs,ludbnmjbs, jmiufms, bftrb `tr`s. Bf ems` nb pr`ybet`s qub nbdmfnbf bjus` nb mium suctbrrfbm y/` ibfbrbf uf odpmet` mdcobftmj fbimtov`soifohoemtov` bf noel` rbeurs` bf trdof`s nb vmromeof nbj fovbj hrbtoe`, sbnbcbr prbsbftmr uf bstuno` lonrìb`jioe` nb jm z`fm nb bstuno` nbcobfnè`ftbfbr e`d` dfod`7 rbn nb pobzdbtr`s, norbeeof nb hjug`,lonròs`lopsms, pmrdbtr`s lonrìb`jioe`s nbj meuhbr`, d`nbj`lonrìb`jioe` nb trmfsp`rtb nb e`ftmdofmftbs pmrm bsebfmro`s nb e`rt`,dbnomf` y jmri` pjmz` y jm nbtbrdofmeof nb j`s rmno`s nb ofhjubfeom nb jmbxtrmeeof nb mium suctbrrfbm. Qmrm jm nbtbrdofmeof nb j`s pmrdbtr`slonrìb`jioe`s nbj meuhbr` sb bhbetumr ufm ` ds prubcms nb meuhbr`..Ub nbcbr j`s qrhoe`s nb nbsebfs` nb jm

Qiofm 3> nb 2=



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NB^MJJBnb meuhbr`, ofnoemfn` hbelm nb jm prubcm, fovbj bsttoe`, fovbj nofdoe` mjhofmj nb jm prubcm, nurmeof t`tmj nb c`dcb`, tobdp` nb rbeupbrmeof, fovbjnb rbeupbrmeof mj trdof` nbj rbiostr`, ms e`d` jm e`rrbsp`fnobftboftbrprbtmeof e`f bj dt`n` qub e`rrbsp`fnb.Bj d`nbj` lonrìb`jioe` nbcbr sbr rbmgustmn` pbrdmfbftbdbftb nurmftb

c.>. Uubj`, empmeonmn nb us` dmy`r nb j`s subj`s y us` metumj nb jmstobrrmsEmrmetbrozmr j`s subj`s m fovbj nb su nostrocueof y emrmetbrstoems hsoe`-qudoeè`f hofbs mire`jms b ofnustromjbs, e`f jm nbtbrdofmeof nb dbtmjbs t`tmjbs pmrme`fèbr su emjonmn e`f hofbs mire`jms y e`d` eubrp` rbebpt`r bx mftb, ms e`d`pmrm nbtbrdofmr jm empmeonmn mir`jioem nb jms tobrrms, nbcobfn` prbsbftmr j`soiuobftb7Bstuno` nb subt`s.- Rf bstuno` m fovbj sbdonbtmjjmn` ` nb tbrebr fovbj, nbmeubrn` m jm f`rdmtovonmn voibftb e`rrbsp`fnobftb nbj Dofostbro` nb Miroeujturm.Qmrm jm rbmjozmeof nb j`s bstuno`s nb subj`s qub sb bgbeutbf m eumjquobr fovbj nbnbtmjjb y bsemjm, sb nbcbf t`dmr bf eubftm bj rbijmdbft` pmrm jm bgbeueof nbjbvmftmdobft` nb subj`s, mpr`cmn` dbnomftb Nberbt` Uuprbd` F'1=5-31=@-MIJ`s bstuno`s nb subj`s nbcbrf e`dprbfnbr j`s rbspbetov`s mfjoss hsoe`-qudoe`s y co`jioe`s nb j`s subj`s m hof nb nbtbrdofmr jm emjonmn nbj dosd`;pmrm bjj` sb nbcbr e`fsonbrmr jms emrmetbrstoems nb pbfnobftb, pr`hufnonmnbhbetovm, tbxturm, hrmidbft`s irubs`s, pbnrbi`sonmn supbrhoeomj, nrbfmgb,hbrtojonmn fmturmj supbrhoeomj, bftrb `tr`s. Jm ofh`rdmeof `ctbfonm nbcbr pbrdotortbfbr ufm onbm nb jm br`so`fmcojonmn, bstmcojonmn, mhbetmeof nb nosp`focojonmn yd`vodobft` nb mium bf bj subj`, e`f su rbspbetov` dmpm m bsemjm =/=1 111 m =/32 111, ofnoemfn` jm ucoemeof nb j`s puft`s nb dubstrb` ` emjoemtms bfe``rnbfmnms R^D, Nmtud YIU .Ijmsohoemeof nb jms tobrrms p`r empmeonmn nb us` dmy`r.- Qrbsbftmr sbif j`bstmcjbeon` bf jms nosp`soeo`fbs nbj rbijmdbft` nb ejmsohoemeof nb tobrrms p`r suempmeonmn nb Rs` Dmy`r (Nberbt` Uuprbd` F' 1=9-311?-MI), e`f su rbspbetov`dmpm m bsemjm =/ =1 111 m ==32 11 (onftoem m jm nb subj`s).Rs` metumj nb jm tobrrm.- Ub utojozmr jm dbt`n`jìm y jms emtbi`rmsbstmcjbeonms p`r jm Rfof Ibìrhoem Oftbrfmeo`fmj (RIj), e`f su rbspbetov`dmpm m bsemjm =/ =1 111 m =j 32 111 (onftoem m jm nbj pjmf` nb empmeonmn nb us`

c.2. Emjonmn nbj morb, subj`, mium-y ruon` mdcobftmj7Emjonmn nbjmorbMftbebnbftbs nb jm emjonmn nbj morb7m. Hmet`rbs qub mjtbrmf jm emjonmn nbj morb7 qubdm nb pmst`s, metovonmnbsmire`jms, ofnustroms ebremfms, trfsot` nb vbleuj`s p`r jm vm jèmj, bte.c. Qrbsbftmr y sustbftmr ufm rbn nb dubstrb` rbprbsbftmtovm qub pbrdotmemrmetbrozmr jm vmromcojonmn nb jms e`fnoeo`fbs nbj rbm nb ofhjubfeommdcobftmj.e. Uustbftmr jm hrbeubfeom nb dubstrb` y pmrdbtr`s nb dubstrb` nb emjonmnnb morb, qub ofejuym bj mfjosos nb dmtbromj pmrtoeujmn` (QD=1 y QD3,2),dbtmjbs y imsbs rbiujmn`s y nb prbèupmeof mdcobftmj; rmnomeo`fbs fò`fozmftbs, bquop`s y dt`n`s nb d`fot`rb` nb jm emjonmn nbj morb.n. Dmpm nb ucoemeof nb j`s puft`s nb dubstrb` e`f jm supbrp`soeof nb j`se`dp`fbftbs nbj pr`ybet`, ofejuybfn` bj nomirmdm nb jm r`sm nb vobft`.b. Bdpjbmr j`s Qr`tè`j`s y Iums nb D`fot`rb` nb Emjonmn nbjMorb mpr`cmn`sp`r jm mut`ronmn e`dpbtbftb.h. Sbsujtmn`s, e`dpmrmeof y bvmjumeof nb jms dbnoeo`fbs nb emjonmn nb morbnb e`fh`rdonmn m j`s BEM nb morb voqbftb.

Qiofm 32 nb 2=



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hho'. O to;,;h', ,;7 ;t ' '

','ho7r

rbf NB^MJJBi. Ebrtohoemn` nb emjocrmeof nb bquop`s nb dbnoeof y merbnotmeof nbjmc`rmt`ro`s. Ofejuor bj rbp`rtb nb jmc`rmt`ro`.Imjonmn nb subj`7

Qmrm tmj hof sb jjbvmr m emc` bf jms dubstrms nb subj`s rbe`jbetmnms bf bjbstuno` nb subj`s, bj mfjosos nb j`s pmrdbtr`s bstmcjbeon`s p`r bj BEM pmrmsubj` voibftb, e`f bj hof nb nbtbrdofmr jm jfbm nb h`fn` y e`f bjj` jm emjonmnnbj rbeurs` subj` bf bj rbm mdcobftmj nbj pr`ybet` y e`f bjj` nbtbrdofmr jmfbebsonmn nb jjbvmr m emc` ` f` bj Qjmf nb Sbdbnomeof nb subj`s (QNU)rbspbetov`, nb meubrn` m j` bstmcjbeon` p`r bj N.U. F" 113-31=5-DjFMD.Imjonmn nbj mium supbrhoeomj7m. Nbtbrdofmr ` bstmcjbebr jm emtbi`rm BEM y jm emjonmn nb j`s eubrp`s nbmium nbj pr`ybet` nb meubrn` m j` bstmcjbeon` p`r jm f`rdmtovonmn.c. Uustbftmr jm hrbeubfeom nb dubstrb` y pmrdbtr`s nb dubstrb` nb emjonmnnb mium, qub ofejuym bj mfjosos nb pmrdbtr`s e`fsonbrmn`s bf bj BEM nb

mium voibftb.e. Jm rbn nb dubstrb` nbcbr ofejuor puft`s rbprbsbftmtov`s y ib`rbhbrbfeomn`s nbj rbm nb ofhjubfeom nbj pr`ybet`. Mnoeo`fmjdbftb jm rbn nbdubstrb` nbcbr mcmremr puft`s bf pr`xodonmn m j`s us`s nb mium bf bjrbm nb ofhjubfeom norbetm ` ofnorbetm, j` qub pbrdotor voiojmr jm emjonmn yemftonmn nbj rbeurs` lnroe` qub p`nrm sbr mhbetmn`. Msodosd`, sb nbcbre`fsonbrmr puft`s nb dubstrb` ucoemn`s miums mrrocm y miums mcmg` nb j`svbrtodobft`s nb j`s bhjubftbs pr`ybetmn`s.n. J`s pmrdbtr`s mfmjozmn`s pmrm bstmcjbebr jm jfbm cmsb nb jm emjonmn nbjmium supbrhoeomj nbcbrf sbr sbjbeeo`fmn`s foemdbftb bf hufeof nb jmmetovonmn, t`dmfn` e`d` rbhbrbfeom j`s pmrdbtr`s rbe`dbfnmn`s pmrmnohbrbftbs metovonmnbs bf bj Qr`tè`j` Fmeo`fmj nb D`fot`rb` nb Emjonmn nbj`s Eubrp`s Fmturmjbs nb Mium Uupbrhoeomjbs nb jm mut`ronmn e`dpbtbftb. Jmjostm tobfb qub e`ftbdpjmr pmrdbtr`s hsoe`s (emunmj), hsoe`-qudoe`s (pL,e`fnuetovonmn bjetroem, `xibf` nosubjt`, tbdpbrmturm, NC@s bftrb `tr`s),qudoe`s, mfo`fbs y emto`fbs, futrobftbs, dbtmjbs (bvbftumjdbftb nb sbr bjems` e`dpjbdbftmr e`f nosubjt`s pmrm uf mfjosos ds bxmet` nb jms hubftbsnb e`ftmdofmeof), pmrdbtr`s `rifoe`s y doer`co`jioe`s (e`joh`rdbstbrd`t`jbrmftbs, e`joh`rdbs t`tmjbs, Bselbroelom E`jo, Umjd`fbjjm sp., Xocrèl`jbrb y Bftbrèè`s hbemjbs, sbif e`rrbsp`fnm). Uof pbrguoeo` nb j`spmrdbtr`s e`fsonbrmn`s bf j`s Bstfnmrbs Fmeo`fmjbs nb Emjonmn nb Mium(BEM), sb nbcbr e`fsonbrmr `tr`s pmrdbtr`s msèomn`s m jm metovonmn, qubp`nrmf bgbrebr mjiufm ofhjubfeom bf bj eubrp` fmturmj nb mium.b. Ub nbcbr prbsbftmr jm oftbrprbtmeof nb j`s rbsujtmn`s ofejuybfn` jmofhjubfeom nb hmet`rbs ib`jioe`s y bhbet`s mftr`pìfoe`s (ofejuybfn`metovonmnbs prb-bxostbftbs) bf jm emjonmn nbj eubrp` fmturmj nb mium.h. Ub nbcbr ofejuor bj dmpm nb jm ucoemeof nb j`s puft`s nb dubstrb` y nbp`socjbs hubftbs nb e`ftmdofmeof.

Emjonmn nb mium suctbrrfbm7m. Bf bj ems` nb pr`ybet`s qub p`tbfeomjdbftb ibfbrbf odpmet`s mdcobftmjbsfbimtov` soifohoemtov`s s`crb jm emjonmn nb jms miums suctbrrfbms, bj bstuno`lonrìb`jioe` nbcbr e`dprbfnbr jm jfbm cmsb nb emjonmn nb jms miumssuctbrrfbms, qub nbtbrdofmr bj irmn` nb dofbrmjozmeof nb jms miumsmjdmebfmnms bf bj meuhbr`, hbfdbf`s nb oftrusof smjofm (bf emsè`rrbsp`fnm), pr`cmcjb top` nb rèms m trmvs nb jms eumjbs eoreujm ye`dpr`cmr pr`cmcjbs prèbs`s nb e`ftmdofmeof nbj mium suctbrrfbm p`rhubftbs mftr`pìfoems pmrm j` eumj jm nurmeof nb jm jfbm cmsb nbcb sbr tmjqub pbrdotm rbiostrmr j`s emdco`s bstmeo`fmjbs m j` jmri` nbj m`.c. Bf ufm prodbrm btmpm sb nbcbr bvmjumr jm dofbrmjozmeof nb jms miums, jmsemrmetbrstoems hsoe` qudoems y jm emjonmn nb jms miums suctbrrfbms,dbnomftb jms dbnoeo`fbs nb emdp` (e`fnuetovonmn bjetroem, pL, v sjon`sQiofm 38 nb 2=



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O^BD NB^MJJBt`tmjbs nosubjt`s) m t`n`s j`s p`z`s ofvbftmromn`s, p`stbro`rdbftb sbsbjbeeo`fmr p`z`s rbprbsbftmtov`s pmrm jm t`dm nb dubstrms nb mium pmrmsu mfjosos hsoe` qudoe` y cmetbro`jioe`. Bj fdbr` nb dubstrms m rbemcmrsb lmr nb meubrn` mj tmdm` nbj rbm m ofvbstoimr, jm dosdm qubfbebsmromdbftb nbcb euc

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