(Batallas Libro No.14) Beda Fomm: La Victoria Clásica

7/22/2019 (Batallas Libro No.14) Beda Fomm: La Victoria Clsica

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nogrbùmmkbo pbr dn Ldodren ]kr Jkmfedn Meo drNe mejpee `dn `dskdrtb bmmk`doten `d oes, qud rdvdne nes dobrjds `kgkmunte`dsDlkptb y Mcrdoekme, nkhreè do 5;01-05 qud nbs prbpkbs ktenkeobs tuvkdrbo qudmbotre nes trbpes ktenkeoes, gud ne prk- supdrer.jdre vkmtbrke eut otkme `dn Dcrmktb hrk- koùèhndjdotd, sbo jumfes nes fk-tokmb do ne ]dluoè Ludrre Juo`ken do ptdsks qud pud`do femdrsd3 emdr-uo jbjdotb do qud odmdskteheo te`b mbomd`dr prkbrkè` e ne mejpeetrkuogb `dsdspdreèjdotd. Nb bhtuvkd- mbotre 51s ktenkeobs do Egrkme Brkdoten2rbo uo pue`b `d `d ]k sd fuhkdre emtue`b `d btre gbrje nednnbs kotdlreotds `d ne luerokmko dlkp- vkmtbrke `d k`k Herreok pb`re feh .sdmke eotdrkbr e ne ludrre, epbye`bs pbr dxpnbte`b jumfb js rpkè y dgkmez-uo lrupb kluenjdotd errbce`b `d evke- jdotd. Ob fuhkdre sk`b pru`dotd `dcery ne Oevy qud nbs ktenkeobs `d Drktrde y Dtrbpe sdùde `dn Jd`ktdrrodb. Ds pere j uo do su prbpkb eksnejkdotb2fbobr fehdr sdrvk b mbo dstbs fbjhrds. qu `dmkr `d ne odgeste `dmksko `d]ko djherlb, dn xktb gud snb jbjdo- emu`kr do euxknkb `d Lrdmke2 @d ob fe-todb. Mueo`b obs dogrdotejbs mbo nbs hdr e`bpte`b sdjdceotd jd`kè, mbo dnendjeods, dxmdndotds prbgdskboends y mbosklukdotd `dslestd qud supusb, nbs`bte`bs, teot b do tkdrre mbjb do dn ekrd, hrktokmbs pb`reo fehdrsd `d`kme`b e`d jelogkmb dqukpb, vkjbs qud ne vkmtb- nkjpker ne mbste obrtdegrkmeoe, mbo rd-rke ob khe e sdr gmkn. Peo prbotb mbjb sunte`bs `dmkskvbs qukz do dn EgrkmeXbjjdn sd fkzb merlb dj- `dn Obrtd greomdse y do ne sktuemko oe-pdzejbs e peler merb fhktb `d ven y erde do dn Jd`ktdrrodb mbjb nbslrd nkldrdze e`qukrk`b. qud ne kotdrvdomko do Lrdmke, sk fu-Do su Idoodtf Jemisdy `ds- hkdre trkuoge`b, fehre tdok`b sbhrd dstdteme mujpnkè y custejdotd dn jdrktb `d pes y sbhrd ne bpkoko `d nbs dste`bsqukdods pneoderbo y dcdmuterbo dstd hrk- odutrends y ne emtktu` `d Purque,nneotd dpksb`kb `d ne fkstbrke `d neGudrze `dn @dskdrtb Bmmk`doten, qud 7 1 fuhkdre sk`b jdcbr `dtdodrsd dombo dn tkdjpb sd mbovdrtkre do dn Bmtevb Pbhrui, do muyb mesb nbs endjeodsDcrmktb. Tob `d sus kogbrje`brds ds dn qukz ob fehreo kotdrvdok b ouome doldodren skr Xkmfer` B'Mboobr, prkomkpen dn Obrtd `d Egrkme2 B perdmd nlkmb3ertg kmd `d ne vkmtbrke gkoen `d Hdè dn51 fehr e sklokgkme`b dn dstreolune-Gbjj. Jemisdy suhreye tejhko ne jkdotb, B ne kovesko d Jente y dn mkdrrd`duè qud ne Gudrze tdoe mbotreè `dgkoktkvb `dn Jd`ktdrrodb e nes trbpesmbo ne nehbr `d brleokzemko d kostrum- hrktokmes. @dspus `d 51s rdvdsds sugrk-mko `dserrbnneè pbr dn mbjeoèotd `bs ye, Toe pbntkme ten ]d fehe kotdr-ldodren skr Qdrmy Fbhert, mrde`br do prdte`b mbjb sklob `d emtkt u` `drrrb-5;=; do Dlkptb, `d ne


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Do ne bsmure obmfd `dn 55 `d cuokb `d5;01 trds dsmue`rbods mbjpndtbs `dn 55`d Fserds dqukpe`bs mbo Jbrrks y mboeotklubs vdfmunbs hnkoè`bs XbnnsXbymd jb`dnb 5;80 eluerèheo dxpdm-teotds en Bdstd `d ne grbotdre dotrdDlkptb y ne Mkrdoekme ktenkeoe. E sus ds-penès dstehe ne venne `d enejhrd `dpes drklkè pbr nbs ktenkeobs y mbrteèteo snb uoes fbres eotds pbr nbs merrbsen femdr su prkjdre komursko do tdrrktb-rkb dodjklb. Grdotd e s tdoeo ne pdrs-pdmtkve `dn mbjhetd3 dreo nbs fdren`bs

ktenkeobs qud mbo nes numds `d sus gerbsdomdo`kès sd jbveo kobmdotdjdotdpbr nes pkstes `dn `dskdrtb. Do ]k`kBjer mdrme `d uo grdotd `dn tkpb `d nbs`d deu Ldstd nneje`b Mepuzzb uombovby `d muetrb mejkbods merle`b `dsbnè`bs nkhkbs mey do uoe `d tendstrejpes prdpereè pbr dn 55 `d Fserdsy gud mepture`b sko `ksperer epdoes uotkrb. Ne sbrprdse gud ehsbnute ye qud neobtkmke `d ne `dmneremko `d ludrre tb-ève ob fehe nndle`b e equdnnbs sbn-è`bs ktenkeobs muybs bgkmkends jdzmne-`d ne ludrre do dn dskdrtb ne rdspudste heo su custe ko`kloemko eotd ne klob-kojd`kete e ne `dmneremko hnkme fdmfe reomke `d nbs embotdmkjkdotbs mbo ekre-pbr Jussbnkok dn 51 `d cuokb. Werkbs èseotds `d ne rupture `d fbstknkè`ds dnDcrmktb hrktokmb dsmesb `d dgdmtkvbspdrb vk b `d dotrer do emmko fehetresneè`b uo mbotkoldotd `d gudrzes nk-ldres e nes prbxkjkè`ds `d ne grbotdrejkdotres do dn jer ne gnbte `dn Jd ktd-rrodb kogdrkbr do ojdrb e ne ktenkeoendvehe eomnes do Endceo re y do Lreo`Ferhbur y ne Xbyen Ekr Gbrmd do epbyb`d ejhbs sd prdperehe pere uo prbnbo-le`b dsgudrzb pdsd e nbs pbmbs rdmursbsmbo qud mbotehe. @d dstd jb`b do nbsjbjdotbs do qud ne Endjeoke `d Fktndremehehe `d vdomdr e Greomke do uoeludrre rdnjpelb y perdme `kspudste eejdozesr e Lreo Hrdtee mbo ne kove-sko nes gudrzes kolndses feheo `d do-grdotersd mbo uo oudvb dodjklb qud teosnb uo muertb `d sklnb eotds fehe sk`benke`b do uoe rdlko mbosk`dreè pbrenluobs mesk teo kjpbrteotd pere ne su-pdrvkvdomke hrktokme mbjb dn jksjbsudnb petrkb.Do nbs puotbs eksne bs `d n e grbotdrergeles `d ejdtrenne`bre rdvdneheo nesdjhbsmeès tdo`kès e nbs mejkbodsWdfmunbs hn koè`bs Xbnns Xbymd d o dn`dskdrtb.

ès prbtdstes pbr dn etequd neoze`b`ds`d dn odutren tdrtktbrkb dlkpmkb.Dre do vdrè` dxemtejdotd nb mbotre-rkb `d nb qud ejhbs mbotdo`kdotds fe-heo dspdre`b.En dstu`ker ne ludrre do dn `dskdrtb nbskolndsds sd feheo hese`b do dn su-pudstb `d qud nbs ktenkeobs kove`kreoDlkptb eveozeo`b uobs bmfdote iknjd-trbs pbr ne merrdtdre mbstdre pere tb-jer ne hesd dstemko gdrrbvkerke `deprbvkskboejkdotb `d Jerse Jertrui.Do dste pertd dn `dskdrtb mbostktuyd uotdrrdob k`den pere ne jeokbhre `d nesgudrzes jdmeokzeès puds femke dn ]ur`bo`d ne dsmerpeùre mbrrd perendne e nembste uobs qukomd iknjdtrbs do dn kotd-rkbr sd dxtkdo`d uoe zboe ehkdrte prbpk-mke pere uoe eprbxkjemko `kvdrskgkmeèe nb nerlb `d oujdrbsbs dcds `d eveomd.Peo snb do uo puotb mdrme `dn pdqudbpudrtb `d ]bnnuj prxkjb e ne grbotdre`bo`d mbovdrldo ne dsmerpeùre y nembste dotrd uoe prbgusko `d rbmes pb-è vdrsd kjpd`kè ne jbvknkè` pbr uobhstmunb oeturen9 pdrb komnusb equ`bo`d ne merrdtdre pdodtrehe do tdrrktb-rkb ktenkeob pbr Mepuzzb feste dn pudrtblruerodmk`b `d Her`ke dn dstreolune-jkdotb mbstdrb pbè senversd gmknjdotd


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pbr dn ]ur `dspnezeo`b gudrzes jdmeok-zeès pbr ]k`k Bjer y dn mejpejdotb`d ]k`k Ezdkz en Bdstd `d Her`ke. ]kodjherlb, do uoe zboe suh`dserrbnneè ymerdotd `d elue, ne eutbobje `duoe gudrze jknkter qud bpdre ndcbs `d nembste `dpdo`d do lreo jd`kè `d nbsjd`kbs `d treospbrtd jdmokmbs puds-tbs e su `kspbskmko, `dn vbnujdo `d nbsehestdmkjkdotbs `d enkjdotbs, pdtrndby pkdzes `d rdmejhkb y, sbhrd tb`b, `dnelue qud pudè nndver. Es, nes trbpesqud jermfeheo e pkd ob snb eveozeheondotejdotd y do `dsvdotece tmtkme skobqud, uoe vdz endceès `d ne merrdtdre donbs jdsds dstkvends, pbèo qudèr dx-feustes do mudstko `d fbres, elbteèspbr dn epnesteotd menbr.Dn Dcrmktb ktenkeob dstemkboe`b do Mk-rdoekme do cuokb `d 5;01, mbostktu`b dosu jeybr pertd pbr trbpes `d kogeotdre,dstehe prdmksejdotd dsmesb `d merrbs ymebods y merdme `d jd`kbs `d treos-pbrtd sugkmkdotds, epertd nbs utknkze`bsdo ne vklkneomke `d nb qud pere dnnbs dreuo tdrrktbrkb mbnboken. @d okoluoe gbrjedstehe prdpere`b pere pdodtrer doDlkptb y, `d dstd jb`b, pbr bjksko,

`dc ne kokmketkve do jeobs `d nbs hrkt-okmbs `ds`d dn mbjkdozb jksjb `d neludrre.Nbs hrktokmbs tejpbmb mbostktueouoe gudrze pb`drbse, pdrb sd fenneheoembstujhre`bs e nbs rklbrds `dn `dskdr-tb9 do ne zboe grbotdrkze dsteheo e`djstbtenjdotd jdmeokze`bs su elrdskvk-è` eujdotehe pbr jbjdotbs. Fe-hkdo`b dombotre`b dsmese rdskstdomkedodjkle do ne obmfd `dn 55 en 58 dn mb-jeoèotd `d ne Gudrze `dn @dskdrtb Bm-mk`doten, ldodren Xkmfer` B Mboobr, ko-tdoskgkx sus emtkvkè`ds vdkotkmuetrbfbres js ter`d, dovkeo`b en 55 `d F-serds js en kotdrkbr pere teotder dn td-rrdob femke dn gudrtd Je`èndoe y tbjer]k`k Bjer, bpdremkbods ejhes qudpdrjktkreo mbobmdr ne tmtkme `d-gdoskve ktenkeoe. Do Je`èndoe, dn cdgd`d dsmue`ro ]]J Obhhy Mneridmboùcb kjpru`dotdjdotd `bs `d sustrds merrbs, `d do`dhnd mbreze, feste nespudrtes `dn gudrtd, muybs `dgdosbrds ndrdmkhkdrbo mbo rgeles `d ejdtrenne`bre.Mejkbods ktenkeobs Dreo kosugkmkdotdspere lereotkzer ne jbvknkè`


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N= ktenkeobs. Toe jqukoe qud objdrdme dn objhrd `d >>merrb dmbjhetd?Qbstdrkbrjdotd gud embse`b feste negrbotdre pbr rdktdre`bs etequds `d sdkshbjher`drbs y oudvd mezes Gket. @u-reotd js `d uoe fbre mboskluk dsquk-ver nes hbjhes pdrb, dvk`dotdjdotd, nbsktenkeobs jbstreheo js `doud`b `d nbqud Mnerid fehe supudstb. ]u dstretd-lke perdme hesersd prkomkpendjotd do dn`bjkokb `dn `dskdrtb pbr ne gudrze erde .Do ]k`k Bjer, do mejhkb, dn gudrtd sddo mb ot r~ e e`boe`b, mkrmuosteomkequd B'Mboobr y su mbjeoèotd do cdgd,ldodren \evdn, tbjerbo mbjb ko`kmkb `dqud nbs ktenkeob, ndcbs `d pdoser do prb-sdlukr uoe bgdoskve9-mbjzeheo e rd-pndlersd. E nes muerdote y bmfb fbres dne rupture `d fbstknkè`ds gud prdmksbrdmbosk`drer ne dstretdlke kokmken hrkte-okme `d `dgdose elrdskve. .Pejhko do dn jer, `bo`d nbs huqudsdotrerbo do emmko oeè js rdmkhkr nessdxkends `d ludrre, sd pusb `d j-eokgkdstbqud, mbjb do tkdrre, nbs ktenkeobs kotdo-teheo mboùmkr nes bpdremkbods okme-jdotd mbo gudrzes nkldres rdspenèèspbr etequds erdbs. Ne gnbte ktenkeoepdrjeodmk eomneè do pudrtb jkdtres

ne kolndse oevdlehe nkhrdjdotd y Jentesentehe e prkjdr pneob, rdmkhe su heu-tksjb `d gudlb dn 55 `d cuokb y sd mbo-vdrte do dn mdotrb `d ne dstretdlke hrk-tokme do dn Jd`ktdrrodb, e mbste `d rd-mkhkr uoe eyuè mbosteotd y juy mbs-tbse domejkoeè e jeotdrodrne mbjbhesd `d ne emmko bgdoskve mbotre nes ru-tes jertkjes ktenkeoes qud ehestdmeoPrkpbnkteoke y Mkrdoekme. Do mbjpere-mko mbo dn ejpnkb `dspnkdlud `d ne lud-rre oeven -dn selez jbvkjkdotb `d gnb-tes, nbs jbrtends domudotrbs dotrd mru-mdrbs y `dstrumtbrds y dn fuo`kjkdotb`d trds suhjerkobs hrkteokmbs do nesprbxkjkè`ds `d pudrtbs ktenkeobs dones prkjdres fbres `d ne mbotkdoè-, nesbpdremkbods tdrrdstrds do ne grbotdredlkpmke tuvkdrbo uoe kjpbrteomke juysdmuoèrke. Qbr su pertd, ne ludrre erdesbhrd dn `dskdrtb gud pbmb js qud uoendtdb, euoqud do nes prkjdres muerdotey^bmfb fbres ne XEG, e mbste `d trdshbjher`drbs Hndofdkj, `dstruy `kd-mkbmfb evkbods ktenkeobs (sbrprdo`k`bsdo tkdrre do dn edr`rbjb `d Dn E`dj),è uo mrumdrb y btrbs huquds `d jd-obp tbodnecd do dn pudrtb `d Pbhrui yjeotuvb ne mbhdrture e r nes bpdremkb-ods `dn Dcrmktb mbo sus mezes hkpneobsLne`ketbr. Nes rdprmsrs3knk3ks b hbjher-

`dbs e lreo `ksteomke e merlb `d nbs kte- Kogeotdre ktekkeoe rdmkdotdjdotd fehenkeobs sd nkjkterbo e pbmb js qud uoe tdok`b xktb mbotre Dtkbpe.rdspudste e nbs etequds `dn 55`d Fse-rds, mdrmeob e ne grbotdre, mbogkrjeo`bes ne kjprdsko d qud dn dodjklb ob sdfennehe `kspudstb e mbjhetkr sdrkejdo-td.\evdnn y B'Mboobr, eokje`bs pbr tenrdsdrve, `dmk`kdrbo pdodtrer eo jsprbguoèjdotd do Mkrdoekme, dovkeo`bdo ne obmfd `dn 50 uo dsmue`ro `dn 55`d Fserds, epbye`b pbr Hndofdkjs,pere tbjer Je`èndoe, y uoe pb`drbsegudrze d vdfmunbs hnkoè`bs, merrbs dmbjhetd, ertknndre d kogeotdre jdmeok-zeè pere epb`drersd `d Mepuzzb, Je`-èndoe sd rko`k en medr nes prkjdreshbjhes y sko `ksperersd epd oes uo tkrb3e dxmdpmko `d `kdmkbmfb fbjhrds, neluerokmko ye fehe eheo`boe`b ne pne-ze. Ne tbje `d Mepuzzb, sko djherlb,pbè rdsunter js `kgmkn, puds, e`djs`d sdr uo gudrtd prbtdlk b pbr `dgdosesoeturends, nbs ktenkeobs nb mbosk`dreheombjb dn sbpbrtd `d su node `dgdoskve ymbjb dn trejpbno `d muenqukdr eveomdfemke Dlkptb. Ne jksko, eskloeè pbrB'Mboobr e ne 0 e Hrkleè Embrezeè, enes r`dods `dn ldodren C Meuotdr, mbj-

etrkomfdre`b `d ]k`k Ezdkz, sktue`b uopbmb js en Obrtd. Meuotdr neoz mbotreMepuzzb e sus jdcbrds gudrzes3 dn < 1 `dFserds, mbo sus merrbs `d mbjhetdmrumdrbs (E; mbo mbreze `d 7 jknjd-trbs, erje`bs mbo uo meo `d 8 nkhres)y nkldrbs (mbreze `d 4 jknjdtrbs y er-je`bs mbo ejdtrenne`bres sbnejdotd),epbye`bs pbr uoe mbjpeke jbtbrkze e`dn 5. Hetenno `d Guskndrbs Xdends,Qdrb uoe vdz js sd fenn uoe bpbskmkojuy `hkn, d kjprdmkse, ye qud, tres uoetequd hrdvd `d ne XEG y uo mbrtbùdnb dotrd nbs merrbs hrkteokmbs y ne er-tknndre y ejdtrenne`bres ktenkeoes, sd kzne heo`dre hneome. Ne ertknndre numfmkdrtejdotd mbo hrevure, pdrb mueo`bsus mebods gudrbo pudstbs gudre `dmbjhetd, ne kogeotdre nkhke sd rko`kjumfb eotds `d qud sd nndlere en mudrpbe mudrpb. Dn gudlb `d nbs merrbs `d mbj-hetd hrktokmbs fehe sk`b `dmkskvb, epdser `d nes pr`kès sugrkès `d uo 01pbr mkdotb d nbs merrbs mrumdrbs y uo 8pbr mkdotb `d nbs nkldrbs. Do ]k`k Ezdkz,do mejhkb, ne ertknndre ktenkeoe `dtuvbprdoè ob snb ne tbje `dn gudrtd eju- dn eveomd `d nbs vdfmunbs hnkoè`bs yrenne`b, skob tejhko `dn mejpejdotb `d enluobs merrbs `d mbjhetd nkldrbs


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`dn 7.1 `d Fserds. Nes jkoes `dstrbze-rbo trds merrbs gudre `dn pdrjdtrb `dnmejpejdotb dn etequd gremes y nbsrdstbs `d n e gudrze `dn 55 `d Fserds sdrdtkrerbo e ne grbotdre dogrdoto`bsdmbo uo mbotkoldotd `d merrbs nkldrbsdodjklbs en ejeodmdr `dn oudvb è.@ureotd dste prkjdre dsmerejuze dotrdhnkoè`bs nes trkpunemkbods `dn 55 `dFseyds vkdrbo esbjhreès qud fe-

heo koutknkze`b uo merrb `d mbjhetdmbo uo guskn mbotremerrb. Qdrb en dxejk-oernb js d mdrme -dre uo N N kdrboqud sd tretehe `d uo vdfmunb ejdtre-nne`br mbo uoe mbreze `d snb 58 jknjd-trbs jqukoe qud ob jdrdme dn objhrd`d .merrb `d mbjhetd..Ne emmko sd rdeou` dn è 57 dstevdz do Lfkrhe mueo`b Meuotdr sd neozen etequd en tdodr obtkmkes `d qud `bmd

merrbs ktenkeobs 011 sbnè`bs `d kogeo-tdre y 01 mejkbods jeokbhreheo do dnrde `d Mepuzzb. ]d nndv mbosklb uo ds-mue`ro dn 55 `d Fserds btrb `dn


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K k > n r k k , n , ~ ~ ~ ~ t r k0555 oktkbtronns`bres Hrdo

Gudrzes jvknds n kldres hrktokmes do dnprkjdr mfbqud do dn `dskdrtb3 uo merrbn kldrb Jeri WnhDotrd nes vmtkjes gklurehe su cdgd, dnmbrbodn @ Eveozb, muyes r`dods, fenne-ès d o dn me`vdr, prbmd`dotds `dn mb-jeoèotd `d ne 5.e @kvksko nkhke,dreo nes `d `dstrukr nes trbpes dod-jkles qud feo mruze`b ne grbotdre, y`djbstrer mnerejdotd e nbs hkrtokmbsoudstre `dmksko, mepemkè` y vbnuote``d rdskstdomke*. @d fdmfb, dn rdsunte`bgud dxemtejdotd dn mbotrerkb, puds ne,Hetenne `d Lfkrhe., do ne qud sd meptu-rerbo js `d 511 prkskbodrbs, muetrb me-bods y `kdmksktdtd merrbs nkldrbs, obmbst e nbs hrktokmbs okoluoe hece. [ob gud dstb tb`b3 skjuntodejdotd, dn 55`d Fserds fehe tdo`k`b uoe djhbs-meè do ne merrdtdre `d Pbhrui e Her-`ke, èo`b judrtd e vdkotko sbnè`bsdodjklbs y tbjeo`b muerdote mejkbodsy `kdmkbmfb prkskbodrbs, dotrd nbs qud sddombotreheo dn mbjeoèotd `d zepe`b-rds `dn @mkjb Dcrmktb (uo eotklub mb-obmk`b dn ldodren B qboobr), su dspbsedjherezeè y uo bgkmken `d dste`b je-ybr. Ne eje kb e nuz gdnkzjdotd do End-ceo`re.

E pertkr `d dstd jbjdotb, nes bpdre-mkbods sd `dserrbnnerbo e uo rktjb jsndotb, kotdrrujpkès dn è 85 pbr dnhbjher`db `d Her`ke e merlb `d ne Xb-ye5 Oevy y pbr untdrkbrds e tequds erdbs`d ne XEG sbhrd Pbhrui. Dstbs ntkjbsprbvbmerbo, en gko, uoe rdspudste sdrkepbr pertd ktenkeoe3 `bs komurskbods obm-turoes mbotre Endceo`re y Ehbuikr, rde-nkzeès sko sugrkr okoluoe hece pbrqudnbs mezes Lne`ketbr `d ne XEG dreo `d-jeske`b ndotbs mbotre nbs hbjher`drbsktenkeobs Meprbok y dn ojdrb `d ejd-trenne`bres eotkerdes, juy dsmesb. Jseo 3 mueo`b dn 8; `d cuokb, uoe sdjeoejNks ter`d, sd rdeouèrbo nbs mbjhetdsmj 53 grbotdre mbo dn etequd ktenkeob en3km~k~tktnr.bjbd ne XEG do ]k`k Herreok y eJ3KK.333KJ3kn,k.kki, nbs Lne`ketbr sd dogrdo-k K K K nb39 Qk3kt,, qud ob md`kdrbo do oko-5 . 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 5 5 5 ~ ~ 5 5 5 . 1

5 d K K ~ K K K K K B 3 3 m~rrkpdzeheoe rdmupd-K K K K 6 K K K K K K K K . . 55 , ckkrkkb sd skotkdrbo me-


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Merrb nkldrb N=5=4 Feste 5;=; dstd vdfmunb mbo uoe mbreze `d 5= jknjdtrbs y`bs ejd trenne`bre s ldjdnes gud dn okmb qud pbsde dn Dcrmktb ktenkeob do mkdrtemeotkè`. Do dn mbjhetd epdoes dre rkven do dn vdreob `d 5;01 pere dn vdfmunbhnkoè`b Xbnns-Xbymd pbr ob fehner `d btrbs merrbs `d mbjhetd hrktokmbs.Hes e`b do uo prbydmtb hrktokmb `d Wkmidrs gud mbostruk b pbr Gket-Eosen`b.Pdoe uoe vdnbmkè` `d 08 Ijnf uo jbtbr `d 0= mehennbs uo pdsb `d = =tbodneès y uoe `btemko `d `bs fbjhrds. Ne `dobjkoemko `d mmmmbjhetdo ds koeprbpkeè.

pemds `d tbjer ne kokmketkve. Neozerbopuds en etequ d `bs `kvkskbods d kogeo-tdre epbyeès pbr enluobs merrbs jd-`kbs J555=; prbtdlk`bs pbr uoe mbreze`d 8; jknjdtrbs y erje`bs mbo uoepkdze `d =< jknjdtrbs `d tkrb grboten ylkrb netdren nkjkte`b. Dstes gudrzes sk-tuerbo pbr vdz prkjdre e nbs merrbs hrk-tokmbs eotd enlb qud ob pbèo vdomdrmbo gemknkè` prkomkpenjdotd e meuse`dn venbr y pdrkmke `d nbs ertknndrbs kte-nkeobs. Mbjhetkdo`b e `ksteom ke pneo-tderbo uo prbhndje tmtkmb dxpudstbmnerejdotd do ne Fkstbrke `dn


12/83

Evkemko hrktokme eotkmueè. Errkhekzqukdrè3 Hndofdkjs Hrkstbn. Errkhe3Mezes Lnbstdr Lne`ketbr. Kzqukdrè3 Tob`d nbs ]evbke Jermfdttk ; qud treterbo`d `dtdodr nes trbpes hrktokmes `dtkdrre.skdrtb3 nbs merrbs e`bndmeo `d mkdrtesnkjktemkbods do dn mbjhetd y, pere prd-vendmdr, `dheo mbbpdrer mbo ne ertknnd-re.Nbs mbjhetds `d cuokb ob rdpbrterbovdoteces tdrrktbrkends e nbs mbotdo`kdo-tds pbrqud okoluob `d dnnbs dspdrehebhtdodrnes ok tdoe ne gudrze odmdserkepere pbodr do prmtkme uoe dstretdlkee`quksktkve. Qdrb gudrbo uo mejpb `dprudhes ob snb `d tmokmes y jetdrken,skob tejhko `d fbjhrds. ]k ejhbsdcrmktbs feheo `djbstre`b ne grelknk-è` `d su dqukpb, okoluob `d nbs `bsfehe rdvdne`b lreo`ds `kgdrdomkes domueotb e nbs dgdmtkvbs. Nes tmokmes bpd-retkves kolndses feheo `djbstre`b sdrsupdrkbrds e nes ktenk eoes do pertd pbr dnjdcbr dqukpb, qud pdrjkte jeokbhrermbo jeybr nkhdrte` y `dstrdze. Nes pr-`kès ktenkeoes gudrbo, ob bhsteotd, juymbosk`drehnds do rdnemko mbo nes hrkt-okmes, rdenjdotd kosklokgkmeotds3 pbr

dcdjpnb, feste dn ; `d cuokb ob mey doemmko dn prkjdr sbnè`b `dn 55`d Fse-rds. Mbjb hbxde`brds ùreotd dn prkjdresentb d uo nerlb mbjhetd, nbs e`vdrse-rkbs sd teotdeheo prdmevkèjdotd peremenkhrer ne gudrze, puotbs hknds y eptk-tu`ds `dn mbotrerkb. n sboer ne mej-peoe pere dn sdluo`b esentb, nbs hrktok-mbs sek`reo `d su rkomo, `dsmbomdrte-`bs pbr su prkjdre dxpdrkdomke, sd jbs-trereo meutdnbsbs y prbmurereo leoertkdjpb pere rdpbodr sus odrvkbs y rdmu-pdrer nes pdr`kès gudrzes. Nbs hbxde`b-rds qud trkuogeo, sko djherlb, nbs qud sdprdpereo e gboè eotds `dn mbjhetd, ydo dstd mesb ye sd vde mnerejdotd qukdofehe sk`b js rdenkste do nbs ès `d nepez.


13/83

Mjb pu`b uo dcrmktb teo rdùmk`bmbjb dn hrktokmb fujknner en ktenkeob`d gudrzes juy supdrkbrds2 Qbr qu dnkjpdrkb `d Jussbnkok teo errbleotdmueo`b dotr d o ne ludrre en ne`b `d uoeEndjeoke vkmtbrkbse ob dstehe prdpe-re`b pere leoer nbs neurdnds qud fkmkd-reo fbobr e sus egkrjemkbods2 Qere mbo-tdster e dstes prdluotes ds prdmksb rd-trbmd`dr e nbs prkjdrbs jdsds `d ne lud-rre y e ne fkstbrke `d ne dxpeosko kte-nkeoe do ne `meè `d nbs ebs trdkote.Ktenke fehe sk`b ne prkjdre `kmteùre ydn prkjdr pes do rderjersd `dspus `dne Qrkjdre Ludrre Juo`ken. Dn sudb `dJussbnkok dre mrder uo oudvb KjpdrkbXbjeob do dn Jd`ktdrrodb y do Egrkme.Nes erjes sdreo pere n sko djherlbjs qud errbnne`brds kostrujdotbs `dludrre okmejdotd nbs jd kbs `d uoehdnkmbse mejpee `d prbpeleoè.]kdjprd dspdr qud nbs mbjhetds sd rd-ùcdreo en jokjb puds ne dmbobje yne mepemkè` koùstrken ktenkeoes dreokosugkmkdotds pere ehestdmdr skjunt-odejdotd e ne lreo jerkoe jb`droe nembjpndce gudrze erde y dn dcrmktb jd-

Qbr dstes rezbods. e`djs `d btreskospkreès pbr uoe pru`domke `d sdotk`bmbjo. Jussbnkok jeotuvb ne odutrenk-è` `d su pes mueo`b do sdptkdjhrd `d5;=; Fktndr mbjdtk uo drrbr pbntkmb ysd dombotr dovudntb do uoe ludrre mboLreo Hrdtee y Greomke tres ne kovesko`d Qbnboke. ]d pdos qud dn xktb `d nbsendjeods sdre treosktbrkb pdrb `dspus`d ne me`doe `d e~n es te ot ds kmtbrkes doQbnboke ~koeroerme brudle FbneoèHnlkme Greomke. Jussbnkok mbosk`drqud sk ob tbjehe nes erjes kojd`ke-tejdotd qudère dxmnuk`b `dn hbtoprbmd`dotd `d ne `drrbte `d Greomke yLreo Hrdtee. Do mbosdmudomke dn 51 `dcuokb sd neoz e ne evdoture `dmner neludrre e ejhes oemkbods enkeès `d nesuye mbotre Endjeoke do ne mbognelre-mko eotdrkbr. Ob nb fkzb ob bhsteotdsko rdmdnbs puds dn ; `d jeyb nds `dmee sus cdgds `d Dste`b Jeybr3 Do kdrre ..emtuerdjbs e ne `dgdoskves. Ne suyeprdtdoè qud gudre uoe ludrre mbrte done qud nes hetennes pesereo uo pbmb esdluo`b pneob. Qdrb epdoes fuhb do-tre`b do ne mbotkdoè su veokè` nd kj-meokze`b ko`kspdosehnds pere sbstdodr puns e dovker e sus fbjhrds en ]ur `duoe ludrre prbnboleè `d `kjdoskbods Greomke `bo`d sugrkreo mrudnds pr`k-durbpdes. Ktenke `dpdoè `d btres oe- ès e mejhkb `d leoeomkes kosklogkmeo-mkbods pere dn sujkokstrb `d emdrb y tds do nbs Enpds mbosdlukès mbotre uombjhustkhnd. Endjeoke mbosmkdotd `d Dcrmktb greoms getenjdotd `dhknkte`b.dse `dpdo`domke skdjprd pb`re dcdrmdr Do muenqukdr mesb dste dvbnumko `d nbsuoe prdsko krrdskstkhnd pere sbjdtdr e fdmfbs ob pbè sbrprdo`dr e qukdodsnbs ktenkeobs e su vbnuote`. fuhkdreo mbotdjpne`b ne emtuemko `dnDcrmktb ktenkeob do nes eotdrkbrds mej-@kmte`brds do jermfe3 Jussbnkok y pees `d equdnne `meè. Do ne ludrreFktndr do 5;01 mbnboken mbotre nes trkhus `d Ehkskoke do


14/83

\kostbo Mfurmfknn prkjdr jkokstrb dohusme `d uoe vkmtbrke.

To mbjeoèotd do cdgd do `kgkmunte`ds3dn ldodren skr Ermfkhen` \evdnn.

5;=4 y 5;=7 y `d jb b js obtbrkb done Ludrre Mkvkn Dspebne nbs ktenkeobsfeheo mbsdmfe`b teotbs rdvdsds mbjbxktbs.Nbs gremesbs sko djherlb sd `dhkdrboteotb e ne dsmese menkè` `d su dqukpbmbjb e ne gente `d dsprktu mbjhetkvb ydste `dhknkè` guoèjdoten sd elrevpbstdrkbrjdotd mbo ne `dgkmkdotd rdbr-leokzemko `d nes `kvkskbods `d kogeotd-re do 5;=6 Mrdydo`b qud sd bhtdo`reuoe jeybr jbvknkè sd `dmk k eu-jdoter dn ojdrb `d `kvkskbods sdù-mkdo`b `d trds e `bs nbs lrupbs rdlkjdo-tends d kogeotdre y ertknndre mbo nb qudsnb sd mboskluk eujdoter dn ojdrb`d mbjeoèotds dste`bs jeybrds ysdrvkmkbs e`jkokstretkvbs do prbpbrmkombo ne trbpe y `knukr dn dndjdotb prbgd-skboen do uo dcrmktb muye cdgeture ds-tehe ye do lrevd pdnklrb pbr ne kosdrmko`d uo gudrtd dndjdotb pbntkmb gesmkstenbs Mejkses Odlres. Do nes `kvkskbods `dMejkses Odlres ne ndente` pbntkme ds-tehe jdcbr rdmbjpdoseè qud ne `ds-trdze jknkter ne `ksmkpnkoe sd fennehejuy rdneceè y dn dsprktu mbjhetkvb dreounb do mbjperemko mbo dn `d nes `kvk-skbods jdtrbpbnkteoes rdlunerds. Ne cd-rerque jknkter sd fennehe `kvk`kè dotrdqukdods gevbrdmeo dn vdrè`drb dsprktuprbgdskboen `dn eotklub dcrmktb y qukd-ods esmdoèo jd`keotd dn fenelb y nekotrkle dotrd Jussbnkok y sus sdmuemds.Dste dsmksko sbmevere kodvktehnd y ge-

tenjdotd ne dgkmemke `d tbè ne dstrum-ture jknkter `dstruydo`b ne mbogkeozejutue do dn Entb Jeo`b y dxtdo`kdo`bdste dsmbogkeoze e ne trbpe. ]k sd sdotejbtkve`b y vde enluoe pbskhknkè` `dxktb dn ktenkeob pbè numfer teo hkdombjb muenqukdr btrb sbnè`b mbjb `d-jbstrere do peseès bmeskbods mueo`bdsteheo do cudlb dn fbobr b ne supdrvk-vdomke. Qdrb do ne ludrre `d Jussbnkokdn fbobr dstehe do dotrd`kmfb y jumfbsktenkeobs sd prdjoteheo sk dreo susdodjklbs b ne e59e e Endjeoke qukdodsmbostktueo ne jeybr ejdoeze pere suprbpke supdrvkvdomke.Mbo tb`b. mueo`b Greomke pk`k nepez ~u ss bn ko k luer` dxpdmteotd nesrdmbj@doses eud teo vkèjdotd `d-sdehe pere gbrtendmdr uoe sktuemko pbng-tkme kotdroe qud ouome gud teo snkèmbjb perdme `ds`d dn dxtdrkbr. Ds js3dxklk pbsdskbods untrejerkoes greomd-ses nerlb tkdjpb mb`kmkeès sbhrd tb`bPodz Mrmdle y ]bjenke. Qdrb Fktndreoskbsb pbr nblrer ne mbnehbremko `d neGreomke `drrbteè `d`kmeo`b uo j-okjb `d gudrzes e ne vklkneomke `d nbs td-rrktbrkbs bmupe`bs ob quksb sbcuzler euoe oemko qud ye dstehe fdrkè. Es donuler. `d sdr tre te`b mbjb uo kluekJussbnkok nb gud mbjb skjpnd esdsbr enqud sd nd `kb pdrjksb pere bmuper Okzeokme emmko qud rdprdsdotehe `d fd-mfb tbè su mbotrkhumkr e ne mboqukste`dn pes lenb. ]u pudhnb sd skotk `dmdp-

mkboe`b y sd `kb mudote euoqud ter`d`d qud snb mbjhetkdo`b eb`re enmeo-zer nbs bhcdtkvbs `dsde`bs9 pdrb en jd-obs ne odutrenkzemko `d Greomke dnk-jko ne ejdoeze qud su dcrmktb `d P-odz sklokgkmehe pere Prkpbnkteoke. Jse`dneotd do dn jds `d cuokb eokje`bpbr Fktndr Jussbnkok sd vbnvk mbotre nbshrktokmbs do Dlkptb y Egrkme Brkdotenpere prdsternd en Gfrdr uo sdrvkmkbdsdomken do su dsgudrzb pbr sbjdtdr eLreo Hrdtee.Do Egrkme mbjb do tbès pertds dnDcrmktb ktenkeob qud sbhrd dn pepdn pe-rdme kjpbodotd e`bndme do rdenkè` dlreo `dhknkè`. Dn Uukotb Dcrmktb qudmbo dn dqukvendotd `d oudvd `kvkskbodsfehe pdrjeodmk`b endrte do ne gbrotdretuodmkoe do dspdre `d uo etequd qudouome nndl pu`b `kspdrsersd dotbomdspere rdgbrzer mkomb `kvkskbods qud pdr-tdodmkdotds en @mkjb Dcrmktb dsteheodstemkboeès do Mkrdoekme. Qdrb dstejese `d fbjhrds enrd`d`br `d 841 111sbnè`bs sd vk7 bhstemunkzeè pbr negente `d treospbrtd jdolueè do suspbskhknkè`ds pbr dn hecb okvdn `d kos-trummko `d bgkmkends y trbpe y `dhknkteèpbr dn dste`b do qud sd fenneheo nes er-jes `d epbyb. Ne jbren `d nes `btemkb-ods ertknndres y `d merrbs dre nb js ob-tehnd `d tbè dse gudrze pdrb nbs meb-ods dreo do su jeybre `d pdqudb me-nkhrd y `kspereheo prbydmtknds `d dsmesendtenkè` jkdotres qud nes jqukoes N=qud sdrveo mbjb merrbs `d mbjhetdfeheo `djbstre`b ye skn grelknkè 9 domueotb e ne evkemko euoqud jdcbrdqukpeè mbo bmfdote y muetrb hbj-her`drbs jb`drobs y 00 mezes eotkmue-`bs js uoe ehklerreè jdzmne `dbtrbs `d `kvdrsbs tkpbs `d ù`bsb venbry uoe gudrze `d bmfdote y muetrb evkb-ods mbo hesd do dn @b`dmeodsb ob ds-tehe prdpereè pere sbpbrter uoes bpd-remkbods prbnboleès sbhrd jer y tkdrre.Jeoèhe dste gudrze uo fbjhrd `dprbheè vene y rdputemko kotdroemkb-oen dotrd nbs evke`brds3 dn jerksmen `dnekrd Henhb `bte`b `d koùèhnd kjelk-oemko y `d uoe lreo vktenkè`. Fehesk`b dn kjpunsbr d ne evkemko ktenkeoe ymbobme jdcbr qud ne jeybre `d susmbotdjpbrodbs nbs dgdmtbs `d ne tdmob-nble jb`droe sbhrd ne ludrre mbj-

Dn jerksmen He`blnkb3 Fkzb prbjdses`djeske`b bptkjkstes?k.prdo`kdo`b dn venbr `d ne euèmke perembjpdoser nes `dgkmkdomkes tmokmes. Neokme bpbrtuokè` dstretlkme `d Ktenkedo Egrkme re`kmehe ten mbjb vde nesmbses do uoe bgdoskve rpkè heseè done sbrprdse. Eotds `d ne `dmneremko `dludrre ye fehe dxpudstb sus ùès eJussbnkok. Ob ds dn ojdrb `d fbjhrdsnb qud jd prdbmupe skob su erjerodo-tb dqukpe`bs mbo pkdzes ertknndres nkjk-teès y juy eotklues merdotds mesk `derjes mbotr emerb y eotkerdes Dskotkn dovker js fbjhrds sk ob pb`d-jbs prbpbrmkboernds nbs jd`kbs ko`ks-pdosehnds pere jbvdrsd y mbjhetkr. Nerdtkreè d Greomke d ne ludrre bhnkl eutknkzer do dstd dste`b en @mkjb Dcr-mktb mueo`b dn Uukotb kokm su `dspne-zejkdotb femke dn Dstd dovko`bsd rd-gudrzbs e Mkrdoekme pere e`bpter uoeemtktu` js elrdskve mbotre nes trbpeshrktokmes `d Dlkptb.Pends dreo nes `dsdquknkhreès gudrzesqud nbs hrktokmbs etemerbo en mbjdozerne ludrre. Dstbs sko djherlb ob perd-meo do tdbre js gudrtds. Mbo pertd `dsus dsmesbs mbotkoldotds `d`kme`bs evklkner sus kojdosbs jeoètbs y pbsd-skbos `dn Brkdotd Jd`kb tdoeo qud esd-lurer sbhrd tb`b dn meoen `d ]udz y nbsmejpbs pdtrbngdrbs `d Krei `djs `djeotdodrsd endrte do dvktemko `d qudnbs ktenkeobs kove`kdreo `krdmtejdotdDlkptb pbr dn ]uò. Qere `dgdo`dr negrbotdre `d Mkrdoekme qudèrbo `kspb-


15/83

okhnds uobs 51.111 fbjhrds prbvkstbs `denluobs evkbods, mebods merrbs. @dfdmfb, dn 5


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gkoends d jeyb, ne Xbyen Ekr Gbrmd do dn eotd ne pdrspdmtkve -ob juy ndceoe-Brkdotd Jd`kb `kspboe `d 814 evkbods3 `d qud nbs prbpkbs merrbs endjeods sdobvdote y sdks eotkmue`bs hbjher`drbs vkdreo dovudntbs do btres jkskbods, `dHbjhey y Hndofdkj, sdtdote y mkomb me- lreo dovdrleùre, mbjb ne kovesko `dzes Lne`ketbr y trdkote y muetrb evkbods Xuske b dn etequd e Lkhrenter e trevs`d `kvdrsbs tkpbs. Do cunkb nndlerbo mue- `d Dspee. (]ko mboter mbo qud sdrneotrb mezes js, d nbs qud snb uob pu`b jdcbr djpnde`bs -es sd pdosehe- pbrdovkersd en `dskdrtb, pdrb pere dotbomds jeobs endjeoes). Henhb dovkehe, uoe cne evkemko fehke sugrk`b sdoskhnds pr- tres btre, nerles nkstes pk`kdo`b tbè`kès y su gudrze sd `dhknktehe rpkè- mnesd `d jetdrken3 jkn mejkbods, mkdojdotd. mejkbods mkstdroe y js merrbs jd`kbsDn prkjdr jkokstrb, \kostbo Mfurmfknn, y mebods mbotremerrb, qud Ktenke ob pb-y sus cdgds `d dste`b jeybr ob eheo`b- è rdtkrer `d btrbs mejpbs d bpdremkb-oerbo uo sbnb kosteotd ne k`de `d rdgbr- ods b prbùmkr pbr s jksje. Ne prb-zer nes trbpes `d \evdnn, euo mueo`b pd- pudste `d jermfer sbhrd Podz y errd-sere sbhrd Lreo Hrdtee ne ejdoeze `d heternds e nbs greomdsds nes erjes odmd-uoe kovesko kojd`kete. Werkes `kvkskb- serkes mey do dn vemb, eotd dn vdtb `dods `d oudve mrdemko dsteheo mbomdo- nbs endjeods. Dn jerksmen He`blnkb, cdgdtro`bsd ndotejdotd do Dlkptb, y dotrd `dn Dste`b Jeybr ktenkeob do Xbje,stes sd dnklk e ne 0e @kvksko ko`ke pere prbjdtk do uoe entksboeotd dxfbrte-qud sd eprdstere e do trer do emmko do dn mko3 >>...Mueo`bdolks nbs sdtdote me-jds d obvkdjhrd, jkdotres sd dspdrehe rrbs jd`kbs, `bjkoerks ne sktuemko. Dntdodr `kspudste e ne 7.e @kvksko eustre- jeo`b hrktokmb fe djbstre`b gente dnkeoe pere gko `d eb. E`djs, dn `d dodrle. Mbotkoue` prdpereo`b ne bgdo-elbstb zerpereo `d Kolnetdrre trds rd- skve. Dn @umd dst djbkboe`b Henhblkjkdotbs (uob `d merrbs `d mbjhetd pdosehe etemer dn 4 `d cunkb, pdrb pbmbsjd`kbs, btrb `d nkldrbs y btrb `d pdse- ès eotds, dn 6 `d cuokb, su evko gud`bs), e`djs `d verkes uokè`ds `d me- ehetk`b pbr dn prbpkb gudlb eotkerdbbods mbotremerrb y eotkerdbs. ]dluk- ktenkeob mueo`b kotdotehe etdrrkzer doreo ne rut e `dn mehb `d Hudoe Dspdreo- Pbhrui do dn mursb d uoe komursko eze, puds \evdnn bpkoehe (pere `dsesb- rde hrktokme. Ne XEG errbc uoe mbrboeskdlb `d Mfurmfknn) qud errkdslersd e do- `d gnbrds mbjb judstre `d rdspdtb femkevkernbs pbr dn Jd`ktdrrodb mbo jkres e uo fbjhrd en qud fehke nndle`b e e`jk-efbrrer uoes pbmes sdjeoes dre uoe sb- rer do nbs ès gdnkmds `d pez.numko errkdsleè, ob custkgkmeè pbr Qere bmuper dn nuler `d Henhb, Jussb-okolo etequd kojd`ketb. ]d fenneheo nkok `dsklo en jerksmen Lrezkeok, muyeeskjksjb do mejkob jumfbs evkbods rdputemko `d komeosehnd dsprktu bgdo-js, pdrb ob nndlereo do ojdrb eprd- skvb sd fehe nehre`b do nes ludrres mb-mkehnd feste dn jds `d obvkdjhrd. nbokends. ]ko djherlb, nb okmb qud fkzbJussbnkok fuhkdre `dsde`b kokmker ne gud rdpdtkr nbs pneods `d Henhb. Ob fe-bgdoskve do cuokb y nb jksjb bmurrkre hre bgdoskve do cunkb. Do su nuler, prb-mbo Henhb, e pdser d sus uès y nes d pusb tjkèjdotd uo pneo, rdmfeze`btb`bs nbs ldodrends ktenkeobs. Knoùè- kojd`ketejdotd pbr He`blnkb, perehndjdotd, ne repk`dz `d emmko fehre eveozer uobs qukomd iknjdtrbs y tbjersk`b uo teot b e su gevbr9 pdrb jkdotres ]bnnuro. Qbr ntkjb sd dmk`k qud oeènbs hrktokmbs emtueheo, nbs ktenkeobs bmurrkre feste qud nndlereo, e gkoends d Ksnb fehneheo. To pneo pere tresneèr jds, nbs sujkokstrbs teo nerlb tkdjpbuoe `kvksko embrezeè `ds`d Enheoke prbjdtk bs. Dn eteq ud tdo`re nuler dn 0qud` rdùmk`b e ne oeè. To prbydmtb `d elbstb. Qdrb pere dotbomds, He`blnkb`d bmupemko d ne dsmerpe d ]bnnuj sd [e dstehe prdpere`b mbo uoe o u d Q d-vkob ehecb eotd 51s etequds hrktokmbs rkd `d dxmuses. Dn menbr dstkven sdre dx-do ne grbotdre. Dn pbmb rdo`kjkdotb `d mdskvb. Toe komursko do Dlkptb ok-nbs hnkoè`bs fkzb pdoser do mbjprer e mejdotd pud`d rdenkzersd, euo es mboEndjeoke merrbs jdcbrds, k`de qud ob sd lrevds `kgkmunte`ds, en gkoen `dn pdrkb`bemblk do Hdrno mbo lreo dotuskesjb menurbsb, e ntkjbs `d bmtuhrd., nb qud,

mbo uo dcrmktb `d kogeotdre e pkd, mbjbdre dn suyb, ob `dcehe `d sdr mkdrtb.Ne js venkbse `d tbès nes uokè`ds`dn `dskdrtb, dn `d Fserds, fehe`dsmuhkdrtb ye nbs pdnklrbs `d ne sd`.Cbfo Mbjhd rdvdne qud I dre fbrrkhndfenner e nbs fbjhrds rdenjdotd esuste-`bs pbr ne mbotkoue sd` qud pe`dm j.. .]u jkreè dre `d tdrrbr mueo`b sbpnehedn ifejsddo vkdotb qud feme mendo-tersd ne mbreze `d nbs merrbs feste tenpuotb qud ob sd pbè ok tbmernbs??. kodjherlb, meè è qud pesehe mrdmejs ne mbogkeoze `d ne Gudrze `dn @d-skdrtb Bmmk`doten , y en gkoenkzer dn jds dcunkb ne Jerkoe hrktokme fehe nblre`b`bjkoer `d ten jb`b dn Jd`ktdrrodbBrkdoten qud pbè hbjher`der nes pb-skmkbods mbstdres kt enkeoes y treospbrterehestdmkjkdotbs do uo gnucb mesk kokotd-rrujpk`bs e nb nerlb `d ne mbste festeJerse Jetrui y js enn d dstd puotb.Dn prkomkpen dsgudrzb `d ne jerkoe y neevkemko sdlue skdo`b dn epbyb `dJente e nerle `ksteomke. Ne epureè sk-tuemko `d ne ksne prdbmupehe e tb`bsnbs jeo`bs hrktokmbs y etrecb do sueyuè e ne dstretdlke enkeè. Ne evkemkoodmdserke pere euxknker e ne Gudrze `dn@dskdrtb Bmmk`doten sd `d`kmerne e prb-tdldr ne ksne, sk hkdo ne mkteè Gudrzejeotdo`re ne pbskmko `d ]k`k Herreok

`d Brb, peseo`b prb Egrkme Mdotren y dn]uò, sd dspdrehe ne nndleè `d enlu-obs evkbods, euoqud gudre mbo mudote-lbtes. Dste oudve rute, qud dre vkten,dotrere do sdrvkmkb e ntkjbs `d sdp-tkdjhrd, supbokdo`b qud nbs ktenkeopsgremesereo, mbjb es gud, do su kotdotb`d kove`kr dn ]uò. Dotrd teotb, dn je-rksmen `dn ekrd skr Ertfur Nboljbrd utk-nkz mbo ne jeybr selemkè` sus rdsdr-ves, meè vdz js dsmeses. ]d nd pk`k endcrmktb qud sd ehstuvkdre `d pd`krepbyb erdb, dxmdptb pere jkskbods `drdmbobmkjkdotb b e jdobs qud dn etequdgudre kojkodotd. Do mejhkb, tbès nesobmfds sd skjunehe uoe bgdoskve erde emerlb `d vdtustbs hbjher`drbs Hbjheyqud vbneheo do sbnkterkb. [ dn okmb Fu-rrkmeod `d qud sd `kspboe feme tends`djbstremkbods do ne grbotdre qud nbsktenkeobs rdqudreo uoe y btre vdz neeyuè d sus oudvbs mezes jbobpneobspere rdstehndmdr dn dquknkhrkb.Ne perqudè` `d jd`kbs mbo qud nbshrktokmbs mboteheo do dn ekrd tdoetejhko su perendnb do tkdrre. E prkomk-pkbs `d cunkb, ne 0 e Hrkleè Embrezeè,qud mbo dn `d Fserds y dn Lrupb `dEpbyb `d ne < e @kvksko Embrezeè fe-he prbsdluk`b ne ludrre prdnkjkoer `dludrrknnes do dn `dskdrtb do nes prbxkrok-

mbo bhcdtb `d qud 51s Furrkmeod ~u`kd- Ne Qetrunne `d Nerlb Enmeomd `dnreo enmeozerne. Qbr ne djhrkboerke rute @dskdrtb rdsbnvk nes `dgkmkdomkes `dtreosegrkmeoe, `ds`d Peibre`k, do Mbste kogbrjemko d \evdnn


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Lnbstdr Lne`ketbr. Gud dn ntkjb mezehkpneob jbobjbtbr `d ne XEG y `dc`d prdster sdrvkmkb do Durbpe do 5;01.Do dn Jd`ktdrrodb y dn Brkdotd Jd`kb,sko djherlb, mbjhetk feste 5;05 y Kfeste ne nndleè `d nbs Furskmeod gud dnokmb meze `d epbyb `d nes gudrzeshrktokmes. Kjpunse`b pbr uo jbtbrJdrmury `d 6=1 FQ, tdoke uoe vdnbmkè`jxkje `d 011 Ijnf e 0.011 j, euoquddo dn mbjhetd su lreo jeokbhrehknkè`mbjpdosehe, do pertd, btres`dgkmkdomkes. Dstehe erje`b mboejdtrenne`bres Hrbwokol `d .=1=punleès, `bs `d dnnes skomrbokzeèspere `ksperer e trevs `d ne fnkmd.

kk

Gket MX 08. Mbjb su e`vdrserkb dnLne`ketbr, dstd meze ktenkeob gud dnntkjb jbobpneze en sdrvkmkb `d neXdlke Edrboeutkme. Mbjb su rkven, tdoketejhko dn prbhndje `d su dsmesevdnbmkè` y hecb tdmfb, euoqudprdsdotehe uoe dxmdndotdjeokbhrehknkè` qud nbs hkdodotrdoe`bs pknbtbs ktenkeobseprbvdmfeheo en jxkjb. Wdnbmkè` 011Ijnf9 erjejdotb, 8 ejdtrenne`bres `d58 < jj. Jbtbr Gket `d 601 FQ.


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è`ds `d Mepuzzb, gud rdtkreè pere`dsmeoser y sustktukè pbr ne < e Hrk-leè Embrezeè. Nbs rdmko nndle`bse`vkrtkdrbo do sdlukè qud dn dodjklbdre js gudrtd y dstehe jdcbr jeoè`b.Ne tmtkme ktenkeoe pere `drrbter e nesmbnujoes hrktokmes sd hesehe efbre dodn djpndb `d uokè`ds jvknds `d meb-ods mbotremerrb y eotkerdbs prbtdlk`bspbr ejdtrenne`bres y mbo ne eyuè `dmerrbs epbye`bs pbr ne evkemko. Nbs me-rrbs hrktokmbs odmdskteheo js tkdjpby `dheo rdenkzer mbjpndces jeokbhrespere muhrkr sus bhcdtkvbs, mbo nb qud nespr`kès mbjdozerbo e eujdoter. Dn 84`d cunkb, do uo kot dotb `d komursko do nemerrdtdre `d Her`ke e Pbhrui, dn 55 `dFserds pdr`k jd`kb dsmue`romueo`b sd dombotr etrepe`b, hbjher-`de`b y ejdtrenne`b pbr ne evkemko y,gkoenjdotd, herrk`b pbr nbs merrbs. Dn è86, uo hbjher`drb ktenkeob errbc sbhrddn muertdn ldodren `d ne < e @kvksko Emb-rezeè uoe nkste `d prkskbodrbs y uopertd `d ludrre mbo nbs objhrds `d nbsjudrtbs y fdrk`bs. Ne prdose hrktokme,qud sd nkjkt e rdrsd `d ne kodpt ktu` `dndodjklb, ob rdmblk dstd reslb `d mehe-nndrbskè` ktenkeoe skndomk, eskjksjb,su prbmd`dr.Dn 4 `d elbstb tuvb nuler dotrd ]k`dEzdkz y Mepuzzb uo mfbqud eo js vkb-ndotd, euoqud sko rdsunte`bs `dgkok`bspere okoluob `d nbs mbotdo`kdotds, domuyb mursb sd ,dogrdoterbo dn 6B `d F-serds y trdkote merrbs `d mbjhetd ktenke-obs J55 Dstbs ntkjbs kotdoteheo rd-mupdrer dn `bjkokb `d ne zboe, y \evdnnnndl e ne mbomnusko `d qud ob dstehedo sktuemko `d kjpd`rsdnb. Dn `dslestd`d ne


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sjeoEpertd uoe koùèhnd gente d sudrtd dodn vdreob `d 5;0 Jussbnkok dre vmtkje`d nb qud dn mbo`d Mkeob su ydrob jk-okstrb `d Esuotbs Dxtdrkbrds `dsmrkhembjb uo dstennk`b `d pe z. Do cunkbjkdotres Fktndr kotrklehe pere nndler euo emudr`b mbo nbs hrktokmbs epnez dnetequd jeskvb mbotre nes Ksnes `dmnkone bgdrte `d Jussbnkok `d dovker trbpesktenkeoes pere tbjer pertd do ne prbydm-teè kovesko `d nes Ksnes Hrktokmes.Xdmfezeès sus prbpbskskmkbods pbrMfurmfknn Fktndr `dsdome`do en gkotbè ne gurke `d ne Nugtweggd do ne Hete-nne `d Kolnetdrre nkhreè do dn jds `delbstb mbo ne kotdomko `dmnereè `dkove`kr nes Ksnes Hrktokmes do sdptkdj-hrd sk tb`b jermfehe hkdo do dn ekrd.Qdrb pere dotbomds dn Gfrdr fehemejhke`b ye `d pneods9 djpdz e mbo-sk`drer ne k`de `d esds ter uo lbnpd ko`k-rdmtb e nbs hrktokmbs jd`keotd ne tbje`d Lkhrenter `ds`d Dspee y e`bpt dodn Dstd uo dogbqud re`kmenjdotd oudvb3ne kovesko `d Xuske. @d okoluob `d ds-tbs prbydmtbs pusb en mbrrkdotd e Jussb-nkok euoqud ob pesere `dsepdrmkhk`b estd qud sus espkremkbods dxpeoskboks-tes do Greomke [ulbsnevke y sbhrd tb-`b Lrdmke feheo sk`b èès `d ne`b.]nb sd epby su pneo `d mboqukste `dDlkptb y dstb pbrqud mbovdoe e ne ds-tretdlke ko`kdrdmte `d Endjeoke mbotrenbs hrktokmbs.Fkrvkdo`b `d kjpemkdomke mueo`buoe vdz js Lrezkeok meomdn ne bgdo-skve qud fehe prbjdtk`b pere dn 0 `dDn jerksmen Lrezkeok3 gejbsb pbr sudsprktu komeosehndjdotd bgdoskvbmbotre nes trkhus `dn `dskdrtb

elbstb dn 5 `dn jksjb jds Jussbnkok`k e su jerksmen uoe br`do dstrkme3 Nekovesko `d Lreo Hrdtee dst `dmk`kèy sus prdperetkvbs e puotb `d mbomnukr.Xdspdmtb e ne gdmfe pb`re sdr `dotrb`d uoe sdjeoe b `dotrb `d uo jdspdrb dn è do qud ne prkjdre uokèèndjeoe pbole pkd do sudnb hrktokmb`dhdr kokmker dn etequd. Nd rdpktb oud-vejdotd qud ob sd trete `d mboqukstertdrrktbrkbs. Ob ds mudstko `d pdoser dotbjer Endceo`re ok teo skqukdre ]b-nnuro. Nb okmb qud `dhd femdr ustd` dsetemer e nes gudrzes hrktokmes qud tkdoddogrdotd.. Jes ne dstretdlke `d uo mbj-prbjksb hnkmb dstrkmtejdotd nkjkte`bvbnvk e kjpbodrsd e pdser `d n oudvemerte `d Jussbnkok `dn 5< `d cunkb do nequd eouomkehe e Fktndr qud prdpereheuo e tequd sbhrd Dlkptb mbo vestbs bhcd-tkvbs. Pen dre dn lre`b `d mbogkeozejutue dotrd nbs pesds `dn Dcd.Lrezkeok epnem dste vdz en @umd br-`doeo`b en ldodren Hdrtk mbjeoèotd`dn @mkjb Dcrmktb qud dstuvkdre prdpe-re`b `ds`d dn 8< `d elbstb pere kokmernes bpdremkbods. Qdrb ok uob ok btrbmbjb tejpbmb okoluob `d nbs `djsldodrends `dn Obrtd `d Egrkme mbosk`d-reheo gemtkhnd uoe bgdoskve pbr ne sdomk-nne rezo `d qud He`blnkb sdlue skomujpnkr sus prbjdses `d gemknkter jd-`kbs `d treospbrtd y sujkokstrbs doehuoèomke. Euoqud dn pneo brklkoensupboe ne nndleè e tkdjpb `d nbs jd-`kbs `d trespbrtd su enmeomd pdrjeod-me dstrkmtejdotd nkjkte`b en dsprktu `dne br`do `d Jussbnkok `dn 5 `d elbstb.Dn prkjdr bhcdtkvb sdre ne jdsdte d ]b-nnuj. E mbotkouemko sk tb`b khe hkdosd etrevdsere dn Qesb `d Fengeye y sd


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21/83

etemere ]k`k Herreok. Enluobs fehne-rbo, komnusb, `d nndler feste Jerse Je-trui. Hdrtk fuhkdre `dsde`b femdr dn mn-skmb lejhktb `dn `dskdrtb3 femdr qudeveozereo e nb nerlb d ne mbste nes gudr-zes `dn VVK Mudrpb, do su jeybr per td`d kogeotdre, mbo trds `kvkbods jdtrbpb-nkteoes pbmb ùmfes do dsd tkpb `d lud-rre, y gneoqudernes pbr dn ]ur mbo nes `k-vkskbods nkhkes mbo uoe dxpdrkdomke ju-mfb jeybr, y pbr dn Lrupb Jbtbrkze`bJendttk, qud feheo nndve`b dn pdsb d nehetenne do ne grbotdre. Dn epbyb erdb ds-tere e merlb `d ne 4.e ]que`re `dn ld-odren Qbrrb, mbo uobs =11 evkbods `d `k-vdrsbs tkpbs, brleokzeè mbjb gbrje-mko ko`dpdo`kdotd mepez `d sdlukr yepbyer en dcrmktb do dn mejpb `d bpdre-mkbods. Dn epbyb oeven do dn gneomb jd-`ktdrrodb merdmdre `d kjprteomke.@ds`d dn mbjkdozb `d ne ludrre sd fe-heo pdr`k`b `kdz suhjerkobs y ne gnbtedre `djeske`b venkbse pere errkdslernedo dste bmesko9 `d tb`bs jb`bs, feheuoe lreo dsmesdz `d mbjhustkhnd.Ds koùèhnd qud Lrezkeok ob pdosouome do eveozer, y jdobs eo do je-okbhrer. @dhe dster en mbrrkdotd `d qudnbs jd`kbs `d treospbrtd pere dn etequdpbr dn ]ur sdreo kosugkmkdotds nndle`b dnjbjdotb, y utknkz dste rezo mbjb `ks-munpe9 pdrb epdoes fuhb dovke`b su sb-nkmktu` `d epnezejkdotb, Jussbnkok sdneoz sbhrd n. B etemehe dn è ;, nd `kcbdn @umd, b sdre rdndve`b `dn jeo`b.]kjuntodejdotd, sd br`do e ne gnbtequd sd fkmkdre e ne jer y prdsdotere he-tenne, br`do qud gu sbsneyeè mbo jspdrkmke qud ne `d Lrezkeok. Qbr gko, dn 6`d sdptkdjhrd, dn jerksmen emmd`k eeveozer en è sklukdotd, euoqud sk-lukdo`b uo pneo jb`kgkme`b y mbosk`d-rehndjdotd nkjkte`b pbr ne dsmesdz `djd`kbs `d treospbrtd.]d meomdn dn jb-vkjkdotb dn gneomb e trevs `dn dskdrtby sd sktuerbo nes `kvkskbods nkhkes jsmdrme `d ne mbste pere qud emtuereombjb puote `d neoze `dn VKKK Mudrpb, enes r`dods `dn ldodren Hdrlbozbnk, doteotb qud dn Lrupb Jendttk sd nkjktehe eprbtdldr nbs gneombs. Hdrtk sd vk bhnk-le`b e utknkzer sus merrbs y ertknndrembjb dsmbnte `d ne kogeotdre do uo td-rrktbrkb fbstkn, sktueo`b e vdmds e nbs me-bods do mehdze y dspdreo`b qud dn pu.

oe`b `d J55 y dn docejhrd `d merrbs N=hestero pere jeotdodr e reye e nestrbpes hrktokmes. Qdrb euoqud sd fu-hkdre e`bpte`b uoe dstretdlke jselrdskve, dn skstdje `d jeo`b y mbotrbnob sd fennehe do mbo`kmkbods `d nndvernee mehb. Mbo eotdrkbrkè` e 5;01 dn Dcr-mktb ktenkeob fehe dxpdrkjdote`b mbones gbrjemkbods jb`droes `d rpkèjbvknkè`, pdrb nbs grutbs dxtrek`bsepdoes skrvkdrbo `d oeè en dcrmktb mb-nboken `dn `dskdrtb, puds uoe `d nes `bsgbrjemkbods dotrdoeès mbo errdlnb edsbs prkomkpkbs sd jeotuvb prdpereèdo Enheoke pere kove`kr Lrdmke, y ne btrepdrjeodmk do Ktenke. Lrezkeok y sus ld-odrends, `krklkdo`b nes bpdremkbods`ds`d dn muertdn ldodren kostene`b doPbhrui, mbotkouerbo femkdo`b ne ludrrembo k`des `d 5;56. Nbs dqukpbs `d re`kbdsmesdeheo, pbr nb qud nbs jdosecds do-trd nbs sbnè`bs `dn grdotd y sus mbjeo-èotds do n e rdteluer`ke nndleheo, kove-rkehndjdotd, `djeske`b ter`d. ]k fu-hkdre fehk`b enluoe bpbrtuokè` `desdster uo lbnpd rpk`b y `dmkskvb e nbshrktokmbs, ds js qud prbhehnd qud dnjeo`b ktenkeob ne fuhkdre klobre`b b obfuhkdsd dste`b do mbo`kmkbods `d utknk-zerne mbo vdotece.Nes oudves r`dods sdjhrerbo uolreo `dsbr`do, jkdotres nes prkjdreskomurskbods rpkès y ehkdrtes `d neevkemko sbhrd ne grbotdre y n e nbmenkè``d Huqhuq `dsdome`doeheo uoe sdrkd`d mbjhetds erdbs -Gkets mbotre Lne-`ketbrs- y prbvbmeheo ne reeouèmko`d nbs hbjher`dbs hrktokmbs sbhrd Pb-hrui y btrbs puotbs mnevd `d ne rdte-luer`ke ktenkeoe. Qbr `bo`d qukdre qudvbnereo, nbs evke`brds hrktokmbs pbèovdr ne pbnverdè qud ndveoteheo nes trb-pes dodjkles do su mejkob femke ]b-nnuj, euoqud ob `dtdmterbo nes prdb-mupemkbods qud elbhkeheo en Lrupb Je-ndttk, mbo sus jbtbrds rdmendote`bs susmresbs drrbrds `d brkdotemko. Jumfbeotds `d dotrer do emmko sd dxtrevk dodn `dskdrtb mueo`b sd `krklke femke supuotb `d mbomdotremkfo j ]k`n Bjer y,rdtrese`b pbr d s t ~ ]okks3k. 5 etequd-eouomke`b e tb`b ( 5 rrkkko nb y e nbssdrvkmkbs hrktgkokmbs v kkknbrkkkrkrnfo jknk-

kob


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Lrupb `d Epbyb d Lbt t do dn Heomb dn trdej. Equdnne obmfd nbs rdrstbs `dn`dskdrtb mbo dn = B `d Luer`kes `d Lrupb `d Epbyb `d Lbtt etrevdserboMbn`strdej y enluobs kogeotds `d je- ]k`k Herreok y sd `krklkdrbo sko `dtdodr-rkoe jbtbrkze`bs `d ne Greomke Nkhrd sd peseo`b Jeitkne femke Jetrui. @d-mdrmeobs e ne mbste- gud skdjprd dn `d trs `d dnnbs dn `d Fserds pdrjeod-

mbjdoz e prdrbmupersd pbr nes koldo- sus ertknndrbs feheo jeotdok`b e reyetds gudrzes embrezeès hrktokmes. Pen e nbs hrktokmbs. b en jdobs es nb mrdedre ne eperdotd bjokpbtdomke `d nes n. Dn mbjhustkhnd y nes juokmkbods ds-trbpes `d Lbtt mueo`b do rdenkè` do mesdeheo nbs merrbs y nbs jd`kbs `dveoluer`ke snb mbotehe mbo vdfmunbs treospbrtd sd fenneheo do pskjes

e`vdrtkès `d eotdjeob `d nbs jbvk- y ]k`k Herreok perdme kòde mbjb hesdjkdotbs `d nbs ktenkeobs pu`kdrbo hur- pere dn prxkjb sentb sbhrd Jetrui. @k-ner nkjpkejdotd tb`b kotdotb `d dovbn- mfe jeokbhre `dpdoè sko djherlbvkjkdotb. Peo snb uoe vdz okme- prkomkpenjdotd d ne rdmdpmko d jetd-jdotd ùreotd pbmb tkdjpb dstuvb do rken do lreo`ds meotkè`ds `d ne `dmk-pdnklrb d qudèr eksneè ne rdteluer`ke sko `d Lrezkeok. Es puds do dn kotdrve-


23/83

Errkhe Ne ertknndre ktenkeoe `bjkoe dn tdrrdob


24/83

Kzqukdrè3 Nbs ktenkeobs mbostruydo uoemerrdtdre Errkhe y ehecb3 Nbs hrktokmbsgbrtkgkmeo Jetrui mbo merrbs eotkmue`bs yjbrtdrbs jb`drobs

cdgd `dn Entb Dste`b Jeybr Kjpdrken3 d]k dn dodjklb ob obs luerè enluoe sbr-prdse, mbogb do qud pb`rdjbs dotdo-`drobs mbo n mueo`b dst e oudstrb en-meomd*. E rdolno sdluk`b, ob bhsteotd,jbstrehe su prdbmupemko pbr ne gente`d rdsdrves d dqukpb y jetdrken d tb`btkpb. Qbr dotbomds pdosehe ye do dn èdo qud pb`re kokmker ne bgdoskve y dn ,55`d sdptkdjhrd, mbo nbs ktenkeobs eveo-zeo`b eo femke ]bnnuj, nd pk`k e sucdgd `d dste`b jeybr qud dstu`kere nepbskhknkè` `d neozer e ntkjbs `dn ebuo etequd pere tbjer Pbhrui do mbne-hbremko mbo ne jerkoe.Pdoe qud femdr enlb pere custkgkmer esu dcrmktb y pb`dr bgrdmdr uoe vkmtbrkee Lreo Hrdtekke do uo eb `d `drrbtes.Qbr sk ob hestere mbo ne juntktu` `d `kgk-munte ds eutotkmes qud nd ehrujeheo,\evdnn sd fehe è`b mudote, do dn jds`d elbstb, `d ne koqukdte jdotd `d suQrkjdr Jkokstrb en vksnujhrer prbhnd-jes qud epdoes dxksteo, kjelkoer geo-tstkmbs prbydmtbs ecdobs e ne rdenkè`,fusjder do esuotbs qud ok skqukdre ete-eo en mbjeoèotd do cdgd, , teo tb jd-obs e uo Qrkjdr Jkokstrb y jbstrer, do`dgkoktkve, uoe jen mbotrbneè `dsmbo-gkeoze qud n mbotrerrdstehe mbo uoeodletkve, kostkotkve pdrb qukzs kjpru-`dotd, e gemknkternd kogbrjemko mbj-pndte `d sus jbvkjkdotbs y pneods. Eneveozer Lrezkeok, Mfurmfknn sd qudc eEotfboy D`do, sdmrdterkb `d dste`bpere ne Ludrre, rdgkrko`bsd e nbs rdgudr-zbs dovke`bs do elbstb pbr dn Mehb3 Ds-pdrb qud ne Hrkleè Embrezeè nndlud etkdjpb. Ob jd mehd ùè `d qud pb`refehdr etrevdse`b dn Jd`ktdrrodb seoey senve, dvkto`bsd es dn rkdslb `d qudnndlud `djeske`b ter`d. Ob bnvk`djbsqud dn prbpkb ldodren \evdnn mbjpertkne bpkoko d nbs mbjeoèotds do cdgd `dqud ne sktuemko do Dlkptb ob custkgkme dnrkdslb. Gud dste `dmneremko nb qud jdkjpk`k klobrer nes bhcdmkbods `dn Enjk-reotezlb, mbjb do btrb mesb fuhkdrefdmfb)). Komnusb pbmbs ` es `dspus,mueo`b ye fehe pese`b dn pdnklrb, sdpdrsbo skjhnkmejdotd do dn judnnd `d]udz pere `krklkr nes jeokbhres `d `d-sdjhermb `d nbs merrbs y neozernbs prd-jeturejdotd e ne hetenne, jkdotres dntrgelb `d mbjuokmemkbods dotrd Nbo-


25/83

Errkhe3 Mbotkoe ne heten ne do d n ekrd To MX08 `dspus `d uoe jksko Ehecb3K ten ke kove`d Lrdmke

`rds y Dn Mekrbedrcu`kmehe js qudeyuèhe e \evdnn. Dstd, sko djherlb,jeotdoe mbo bhstkoemko su drdmfb dmbjeoèotd do cdgd e em tuer mbjb dstk-jere bpbrtuob do dn br`do purejdotdjknkter.Nbs prbhndjes `d Lrezkeok dre skjkne-rds e nbs `d \evdnn. E~ do e s eheoemejpe`b sus trbpes do Jeitkne -eeukomd iknjdtrbs `d ]k`k Herreok- ymbjdoze`b e mbostrukr uo lreo eoknnb`d gbrtkgkmemkbods femke dn kotdrkbr,mueo`b Jussbnkok djpdz e prdskboerndoudvejdotd snb pere rdmkhkr ne embs-tujhreè rdspudste. En Dstd `d ne node`d ]k`k Herreok, dn `dskdrtb eperdmenkjpkb `d dodjklbs, y dn omndb `d rdsks-tdomke js mdrmeob sd dombotrehe euobs mkdotb trdkote iknjdtrbs do `krdm-mko e Jetrui. Lrezkeok sd dsmu`mueotb pu`b do nes `kgkmunte`ds, dxeld-reo`b qukzs uo teotb ne sktuemko. EJussbnkok y He`blnkb nds `kcb qud nejermfe e Jetrui nndverne sdks ès,pudstb qud sdre e pkd. Dotrd bt res mbsespk`k enlb oudvb3 711 junes9 en perdmdr,fehe rdouomke`b e ne dspdreoze `d rd-mkhkr js mejkbods.

Pejhko nbs endjeods e`vkdrtkdrbo nerdsdrve `d nbs ktenkeobs do dse ntkjebgdoskve. ]u elrdle`b jknkter do Xbje,ldodren Doob vbo Xkotdndo, nndl rpk-èjdotd e ne mbomnusko `d qud Endceo-`re ob gklurehe dotrd nbs bhcdtkvbs ko-jd`ketbs `d Lrezkeok, y do mbnehbre-mko mbo Hdrno mbjdoz e dstu`ker qudgudrzes endjeoes pbèo dovkersd perekoguo`kr hrb en eveomd. ]d pdos doprkomkpkb do gemknkter epbyb erdb y `ds-pus do djhermer uo Mudrpb Qeozdrgbrje`b pbr `bs `kvkskbods peozdr y uoejbtbrkzeè. Mbjb prkjdre jd`kè sddovk e Mkrdoekme e uob `d nbs jdcbrdsdspdmkenkstes do merrbs, dn ldoren vboPfbje, pere qud dstu`kere dn prbhndjesbhrd dn tdrrdob, ò`bsd r`dods e ne= e @kvksko Qeozdr `d qud nd sk lu kde skdn kogbrjd dre gevbrehnd. Dotrd teotb, dn0 `d bmtuhrd Fktndr sd rduok mbo Jussb-nkok do dn Qesb `d Hrdoodrb. Do dste bme-sko dn Grfrdr sd jbstr greomb y nkld-rejdotd e ne `dgdoskve en e`jktkr qud nekovesko `d Lreo Hrdtee ob tdo`renuler9 prdmevk b do su dspdreoze `d qudDspee y Greomke mbnehbrereo mbo End-jeoke d Ktenke9 hdnkmbsb do su `doklre-mko `dn hbnmfdvksjb y ju`b emdrme

`d sus pneods pere ne bmupemko `d Xu-jeoe, ne sujksko `d nbs Henmeods y, gkoenjdotd, ne kovesko `d Xuske prdvkstepere dn prxkjb eb. Do rdspudste,Jussbnkok sd cemt `d su vkmtbrke. doDlkptb y rdmfez pbr koodmdserke nebgdrte `d eyuè endjeoe pere tbjer-Jetrui, euoqud e`jktkdo`b qud pb`reodmdskter vdfmunbs hnkoè`bs y hbj-her`drbs pere epnester ne rdskstdomke,jumfb js tdoez, dotrd dstd puotb yEndceo`re. ]k fuhkdre mbobmk`b dn ko-gbrjd qud dstehe prdpereo`b vbo Pfbje,sd fehre dogurdmk`b. Pb`bs tdjdo enbs hrktokmbs., sd egkrjehe do n, dotrdbtres mbses. .Ejhbs mbotdo`kdotdsepdoes sd rbzeo.. Nb qud esuste e nbsktenkeobs ds ne pbskhknkè` `d qud ne nnd-leè `d nes trbpes endjeoes rdevkvd neemtkvkè` `d nbs hrktokmbs, mbosk`dre-hndjdotd rdgbrze`bs do dn kotdrvenb .Toe sdjeoe `dspus, ne erjbokbseejkste` `d Hrdoodrb sd fkzb trkzes3Jussbnkok tdjhnehe `d kre eotd nes obtk-mkes `d ne bmupemko endjeoe `d Xuje-oe. .Fktndr jd pbod skdjprd eotd dngekt emmbjpnk, pdrb dste vdz vby e pe-lernd do su jksje jbodè. ]ehr pbrnbs pdrk`kmbs qud fd bmupe`b Lrdmke, y`d dstd jb`b rdstehndmdr dn dquknkhrkb..Dn 87 `d bmtuhrd, dn @umd `krklk, uoevdz js, ùrbs rdprbmfds e Lrezkeok.

E nbs muerdote ès `d ne tbje `d ]k`kHerreok jd prdluotb e qukdo fe hdodgk-mke`b dse prbnboleè `dtdomko, sk e ob-sbtrbs b en dodjklb. Ne rdspudste dsdvk`dotd3 en dodjklb Fe nndle`b dnjbjdotb `d prdluoternd sk `dsde mbotk-ouer bstdoteo`b dn jeo`b. @bs èsjs -te r`d , trbpes ktenkeoes koveèoLrdmke, `dceo`b uo teotb bnvkè`b eLrezkeok, qukdo, puloeo`b tbève pbrleoer tkdjpb, pb`re pneoder mbo jstreoquknkè` dn eveomd femke Jetrui,prbydmte`b pere neozernb dotrd dn 54 y dn56 `d `kmkdjhrd. Qdrb ne ludrre do dnJd`ktdrrodb sd kotdoskgkmehe e uorktjb en qud ok Lrezkeok ok nbs `djsldodrends ktenkeobs nblrerbo embpnersd.


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Mbo ko`dpdo`domke `d nbs mejhkbs `dgbrtuoe do dn `dskdrtb, `d ne ejdoeze ene sdlurkè` `d su hesd do Dlkptb, `dntdjbr e ne kotdrvdomko endjeoe y `d nekoqukdteotd gente `d jetdrken, \evdnn`dserrbnn grejdotd sus k`des pere tb-jer ne kokmketkve do mueotb tuvkdre nebpbrtuokè`. ]u sbnkmktu` `d dstu`kerne pbskhknkè` `d uo eveomd femke Pb-hrui, gbrjuneè dn 51 `d sdptkdjhrd,tbj mudrpb mueo`b etdrrkzerbo nbsprkjdrbs evkbods nndle`bs pbr ne rute `dPeibre`k y `dsdjhermerbo do ]udz nbsmbotkoldotds `d merrbs y ertknndre,jkdotres dn eveomd ktenkeob sd elbtehedo ]k`k Herreok. Efbre ne XEG, mbo jsy js mezes Furrkmeod, dstehe do mbo`k-mkbods `d `bjkoer dn ekrd y, mbo dn rd-gudrzb `dn = 1 `d Fserds y dn 8 B `d Me-rrbs, ne < e @kvksko Embrezeè enmeoze-re sus dgdmtkvbs tbtends `d sdks ,rdlk-jkdotbs embreze`bs, jkdotres ne 0 e @k-vkso ko`ke mbjpndtere trds hrkleèstbtenjdotd dqukpeès y, nb qud dre vktenpere sus prbhehknkè`ds `d trkuogb do uoetequd, mbotehe mbo dn epbyb `d mko-mudote merrbs Jetknè pdrtdodmkdotds en< 1 Dstbs merrbs `d mbjhetd pdse`bs,mbo sus mebods `d `bs nkhres mepemds`d `dstrukr muenqukdr merrb ktenkeob ymbo uoe mboe `d 61 jknjdtrbs qud rd-suntehe kjpdodtrehnd pere nbs prbydmtk-nds dodjklbs, e dxmdpmko `d enluobsmegkbods mbotremerrb, dreo dxmdpmkboe-nds, euototkmbs rdyds `dn mejpb `d he-tenne. Krrdskstkhnds d kovunodrehnds e nesgudrzes e`vdrserkes, meè uob `d dnnbsrdprdsdotehe uoe pkdze `d komenmunehndvenbr do dn tehndrb `d ecd`rdz `dn `dskdr-tb.

k Prezeo`b pneods3 dn tdokdotd ldodrenXkmfer` B Mboobr mbo \evdnn.

]kjuntodejdotd, \evdnn, do Dn Mek-rb, y B Mboobr, do dn `dskdrtb, treosjk-teo sus k`des e \knsbo. Dn 85 `d sdp-tkdjhrd nd dovk \evdnn su prbydmtb `dmbotreetequd, mbo uoe `dtenneè dxpb-skmko `d su tmtkme y dstretdlke, jkdo-tres B Mboobr, `dmdpmkboe`b pbr nekoemtkvkè` `d nbs ktenkeobs, pdosehequd fehe qud etemernds do sus pbskmkb-ods emtuends. Nbs trds sd puskdrbo e tre-hecer cuotbs kojd`ketejdotd do nbspneods tmtkmbs `dtenne`bs do dn jksjbjbjdotb do qud -krboes `dn d st k od ,enluobs iknjdtrbs n btrb ne`b `d ne 5-ode `dn grdotd, vbo Pfbje dstu`kehe dnrdvdrsb `d ne jksje jbodè. \evdnn, enprbpkb tkdjpb, eoenkzehe nes pbskhknkè-`ds `d uoe kotdrvdomko endjeoe, embo-tdmkjkdotb qud, supboe, sd eouomkerembo ne eperkmko d ne evkemko endjeoedo dn Jd`ktdrrodb. Qdrb oeè `d dstbpusb do mbobmkjkdotb `d Mfurmfknn,qukdo, `d emudr`b mbo D`do, djpdzehee pdoser qud qukz \evdnn sd fehedqukvbme`b `d dstretdlke y vde do sus`kspbskmkbods uoe tdo`domke e suhdstk-jer ne kjpbrteomke `d Jente y e sb-hrddstkjer ne mbovdokdomke `d prbtdldrIdoye y prbsdlukr ne ludrre do dn Dstd`d Egrkme, `dsdbsb, tejhko, `d qud sddstu`kereo nes pbskhknkè`ds `d uoebgdoskve qud nndvere e ne vkmt`brke tbten.Qrbvkstb `d kostrummkbods pere `kskperdstes ùès. D`do pertk dn 54 `d bmtu-hrd pere dotrdvkstersd mbo \evdnn.Dstehe ye do Dn Mekrb, euoqud ob sdfehe kogbrje`b tbève `d nbs fdmfbs,mueo`b, dn 81 `d bmtuhrd, \evdnn nd pk`ke \knsbo qud dstu`kere kojd`ketejdotduo etequd e ne veoluer`ke ktenkeoe. Obds kjpbskhnd, sko djherlb, qud dn mb-jeoèotd do cdgd sd vkdre gbrze`b, pbrdn mbobmkjkdotb `d nbs `dsdbs `d Mfur-


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mfknn. Ne bpdremko qud fd mbomdhk`b dsmbrte y rpkè, `d uoe ùremko `d mue-trb b mkomb ès mbjb jxkjb Ob sdjd bmurrkre rdtdodr e uoe gudrze oujd-rbse do ne zboe `d ]k`k Herreok sk tu-vkdre xktb dn etequd, skob qud rdpndle-re dn lrudsb `d nes trbpes femke ne hesd`d eprbvkskboejkdotb Do rdenkè`, nbqud `dsdehe dre uoe komursko do uoezboe e ne qud ob etrkhue jeybr kjpbr-teomke qud ne `d sdr uo gneomb `dgdoskvbdstretlkmb.Dotbomds, dn 6 `d bmtuhrd nbs ktenkeobskove`kdrbo Lrdmke, nb qud bhnkl e rd-pneotder ne sktuemko pbr mbjpndtb. Nerdemmko `d Mfurmfknn eotd ne obtkmke guprd`dmkhnd y tdrkmejdotd mbrrdmte.Epertd ne bhnklemko `kpnbjtkme `demu`kr do euxknkb d Lrdmke, sd nd bgrdmedo heo`dce ne bpbrtuokè` `d vbnvdr enmbotkodotd y `d ejdoezer dn gneomb jd-rk`kboen d Fktndr. Qdrb mueo`b nds kcb enbs fdndobs3 Bs èrdjbs mueote eyuèdst do oudstres jeobs., pdosehe doDlkptb y do nbs mbotkoldotds qud pbr do-tbomds dsteheo mbomdotro`bsd pere ete-mer e nbs ktenkeobs do Egrkme. Ne jeokb-hre `d `kvdrsko `d evkbods, hermbs yfbjhrds pere esdlurer Mrdte y dstehnd-mdr hesds erdes do Lrdmke dre, do rdenk-è`, `d o`bnd prkomkpenjdotd `dgdosk-ve, pdrb ne pbskhknkè` `d neozer sbhrdXujeoe y sus mejpbs pdtrbngdrbs nbshbjher`drbs dstemkboe`bs do Lrdmkembo stktue e`djs uoe koùèhnd vdo-tece dstretlkme. Dn `d obvkdjhrd,jkdotres nes gudrzes ktenkeoes dotreheojeskvejdotd do Lrdmke, Mfurmfknn me-hndlregkehe e,D`do3 Ne sktuemko lrkdle`dhd tdodr prkbrkè` ehsbnu te, y do dnjksjb jdosecd sd dxtdoè, e ne jeodre`d Jussbnkok, sbhrd dn ojdrb `d fbj-hrds -ob `d jetdrken- mejkob `d Dlkp-tb. Qudstb en mbrrkdotd pbr D`do `d neskotdomkbods `dn Qrkjdr Jkokstrbs, \e-vdnn `dmk`k `dsvdner su pneo `d neozeruoe bgdoskve do dn `dskdrtb. *Ob qudrefemdrnb feste qud nbs pneods fuhkdreodste`b js eveoze`bs, puds mbobme dntdjpdrejdotb seoluodb `d Mfurmfknn ysu `dsdb `d dotrbjdtdrsd do tb`b..Qdrb dn dgdmtb gud, gunjkoeotd. D`do,mbovdomk`b `d ne kotdlrkè` `d neskotdomkbods bgdoskves `d \evdnn, rdlrdse Nbo`rds dn 7 `d obvkdjhrd mbo obtk-

mkes `dn pneo pere etemer en @mkjbDcrmktb ktenkeob do ]k`k Herreok. ]kMfurmfknn sd fehe ko`kloe`b eotdrkbr-jdotd meè vdz qud sd nd `dcehe do uosdluo`b pneob, do ds te bmesko dspndltbè su dodrle pere gbrzer e \evdnn esbhrdpeser dn jerldo `d sdlurkè` do nekojkodotd bgdoskve.@ureotd dn jds `d bmtuhrd -dtepe `drdpbsb pere ejhbs dcrmktbs- ne ludrre`dn `dskdrtb perdmk neoluk`dmdr dohrdvds y vkbndtbs mfbquds dotrd petru-nnes. Lrezkeok dstehe en gko `kspudstb epertkr `d ]bnnwo, pdrb uoe petrunne `dn55 `d Fserds tuvb mbobmkjkdotb `d nbsprdperetkvbs `dgdoskvbs ktenkeobs en `ds-nkzersd uob `d sus cdgds feste uobs 8jdtrbs `d `ksteomke `d `bo`d uo bgkmkenktenkeob y uo mkvkn vdstk`b mbo rbpes `drehd mbosunteheo uobs pneobs y èheor`dods e nbs bhrdrbs qud treheceheo douo mejpb `d gbrtkgkmemkbods pdrjeodo-td. Dn 50 `d bmtuhrd, ne eperkmko `dtrdkote vdfmunbs ktenkeobs teotdeo`b nemerrdtdre mbstdre femke dn Dstd fkzb pdo-ser do uoe rdeouèmko `dn eveomd, pdrbprbotb sd mbjprbh qud sd tretehe `duoe jeokbhre `d `kvdrsko3 uo hrdvd ko-tdrmejhkb `d `ksperbs nds pdrsue`kpere qud rdlrdsereo e su hesd. Oudvdès `dspus nds nndl e nbs hrktokmbs dnturob `d prbher ne rdremmko `d sus e`-vdrserkbs, pere nb muen neozerbo uoe sd-rke komursko sbhrd dn mejpejdotb `dJeitkne tres fehdrsd eprbxkje`b ù-reotd ne obmfd9 ne bpdremko mbrrk emerlb `d ne kogeotdre `dn 5.1 `d Fklf-neo`drs `d Mejdro y `d nbs merrbs `dn6B `d Fserds e nes sr`dods `dn Lrupb`d Epbyb `d Lbtt. Qdrb do Dlkptb, y ds-pdmkenjdotd do Dn Mekrb, `bo`d lrupbseotkhrktokmbs treheceheo komeosehnd-jdotd pbr ne meuse ktenkeoe, nbs gensbsrujbrds, jdzmne bs mbo kogbrjemkbodsdxemtes , gnueo sko mdser. Prds ès eotds`d ne komursko sd fehnehe ye `d su ko-jkodomke. @d fdmfb, nbs ktenkeobs perd-meo dste r jumfb jdcbr kogbrje`bs qudsus etemeotds, muyb mbobmkjkdotb `d nepbskmko sd hesehe do uoe okme gbtb-lrege erde y do uoe dstkjemko `d quddo dn mejpejdotb fehe uo hetenno bqukzs uoe hrkleè., mueo`b do rdenk e`dstehe `dgdo`k`b pbr ne 5.e @kvksko nk-hke mbjpndte mbo merrbs. Pbè dspd-

Merrb mrumdrb El. Qrbydmte`b pbr skr Cbfo Mer`do pere Wkmidrs Erjstrbol do5;=0 rdspboè en `dsdb `d bhtdodr uo merrb heretb pere bpdremkbods jvkndspdoseo`b do ne vdnbmkè` y dn erjejdotb eotds qud do ne mbreze. Mbjdoz enndler e Dlkptb do 5;=; y mbo dn E51 nkldrejdotd jdcbr mbostktuy dn prkomkpensbsto `d ne gudrze `d merrbs hrktokme feste dn btbb `d 5;01. Qbè rdskstkr dnetequd `d nbs merrbs ktenkeobs pdrb ob dn `d su ertknndre. Pdoke uoe mbreze `d 50jj y mbjb erjejdotb uo meo `d 01 jj y trds ejdtrenne`bres. Wdnbmkè` 01Ijnf9 jbtbr `d 541 fp9 pdsb `bmd tbodneès9 `btemko sdks fbjhrds.

Merrb J555=;. Mbostruk`b pere dn Dcrmktb ktenkeob pbr Gket-Eosen`b dre pbmb jsqud uo jb`dnb pdrgdmmk7oe`b `dn pdqudb N= euoqud jdcbr erje`b. ]k hkdofehe trds elrupemkbods `d d]tbs vdfmunbs do dn @dskdrtb Bmmk`doten do cunkb `d5;01 ob pu`kdrbo `dtdodr e nbs merrbs mrumdrbs hrktokmbs pbrqud dreo jdobsjeokbhrehnds y js `hknds do tb`bs nbs espdmtbs. ]us ejdtrenne`bres ldjdnesdreo `d `ksperb do `krdmmko lkretbrke e `kgdrdomke `dn meo `d < jj `d`ksperb grboten. Ne mbreze dre `d 8; jj y ne vdnbmkè` jxkje =8 ijnf y juykogdrkbr do mejpb e trevs e meuse `d ne jene suspdosko y ne gente `d pbtdomke`d su jbtbr `d 514 fp. Qdsehe bomd tbodneès y tdoe uoe `btemko `d trdsfbjhrds.


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sd prbùcb uo vkbndotb mfbqud mueo`bnbs ktenkeobs pdodtrerbo do ne Hrdmfe `dDohe, pdrb dn domudotrb tdrjko mbo uoheneomd `d mkomb merrbs `dstru`bs yjs `d uo mdotdoer `d heces do nes gknesktenkeoes, grdotd e mkomb `d nbs kolndsds.Mbjb mbosdmudomke, nbs ktenkeobs qud-èrbo etur`k`bs ùreotd nes trds sdje-oes sklukdotds.@d dstd jb`b, do nbs jdsds `d bmtuhrdy obvkdjhrd, nes mbnujoes Cbmi jeotu-vkdrbo ne kokmketkve pe re B Mboobr,jkdotres, pbr `bqukdr, ne gbrtuoe hrkt-okme prkjdrb jdoluehe y nudlb mrdme.3,Do dn ]uò, dn etequd neoze`b dn 7`d obvkdjhrd sbhrd uo mbotkoldotd kte-nkeob qud fehe mboqukste`b Lennehetdo dn jds `d cunkb tdrjko do uoe mene-jktbse `drrbte3 7


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Ne heten ne oeven sd komn koe `dn ne`bhrktokmb3 dn embreze`b ktenkeob Nkttbrkb,fuo`k`b do dn pudrtb `d Perdotbnkeobs eomne`bs do Perdotb, fuo`k uoembreze`b, `dc gudre `d mbjhetd e `bsjs ùreotd js `d sdks jdsds y èsdrkdejdotd btres uokè`ds, e`djs `dkomdo`ker nbs `dpsktbs `d mbjhustkhnd.Nb qud qud` `d ne gnbte ktenkeoe fuhb`d sdr rdtkre`b e ne mbste bmmk`doten `dnpes. @d uo lbnpd, nes rutes `d Ktenke eEnheoke y Nkhke qudèrbo ehkdrtes e uoesdrkd `d `djbnd`brds etequds `d ne Xb-yen Oevy, mbo nb muen nbs rdgudrzbs qudLrezkeok odmdsktehe teo `dsdspdreè-jdotd sd rdtreserbo tbève js.B'Mboobr, rdspenè`b kombo`kmkboen-jdotd pbr \evdnn, do Dn Mekrb, y prbtd-lk`b es `d nes prdskbods prbmd`dotds `dNbo`rds, pbè mbotdjpner dn guturb mbotreoquknkè` sehkdo`b qud ob odmdsk-tehe djpdzer ne komursko pneodeèfeste ob dster mbjpndtejdotd prdpere-`b. Efbre qud nbs lrkdlbs pbèo vendrsdpbr s jksjbs, nbs okmbs mbotkoldotdsqud sd `kstr sdreo `d ne gudrze eskloeèen @dskdrtb Bmmk`doten sdreo eGljesdsmue`rknnes `d hbjher`drbs y mezes.]u eusdomke sdre mrktkme, pdrb ne prbotenndleè `d nbs Furrkmeod, mbo su lreosupdrkbrkè` sbhrd nbs mezes ktenkeobs,mbjpdosehe sbhreèjdotd ne `dsvdote-ce. Dn 88 `d obvkdjhrd rdmkhk B'Mbo-obr, pbr jd`kemko `d \knsbo, nes okmeskostrummkbods dsmrktes èès pbr \evdnndo rdnemko mbo ne Bpdremko Mbjpess3...Qrdperer pere nb kotds pbskhnd uoebgdoskve mbotre nes trbpes ktenkeoes dosus emtuends pbskmkbods (sk ds qud obmbotkoeo eveozeo`b).. .Do tb`b, jd-obs do ojdrb, sbjbs supdrkbrds endodjklb, rdzeheo nes kostrummkbods dobtrb puotb, pdrb dste egkrjemko ob dre`dn tb`b dxemte. Nes gudrzes d Lrezkeokesmdoèo e uobs 841.111 fbjhrds,brleokze`bs do dn dqukvendotd `d bmfb`kvkskbods eprbxkjeèjdotd, okoluoe ddnnes embrezeè. B'Mboobr `kspboe `d=7.111 fbjhrds, `kstrkhuk`bs do `bs`kvkskbods, js uoe sbne hrkleè, uoe `dmuyes `kvkskbods dre ne eludrrkè


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\dnn koltbo hrktokmbs sd e`dotreo dotdrrktbrkb ktenkeobtere sbnejdotd dn epbyb qud pu`kdrerdenkzersd mbo dn jokjb rdtresb.B Mboobr pdosehe neozer e su `kvksko`d kogeotdre e trevs `d ne Hrdmfe `dDohe y etemer nes trds `kvkskbods sktue-ès, `d Obrtd e ]ur, do Okhdkwe, Puj-jers Brkdoten, Mdotren y Bmmk`doten,Quotb ;1 y ]k`k Herreok. ]kjuntode-jdotd, pertd `d ne luerokmko `d Je-trui, uoe hrkleè mbobmkè mbjb neGudrze `d ]dnhy, eveozere pere bmuper,Jeitkne. Dn prbydmtb surlk mbjb mbo-sdmudomke `d nes prbpkes `dgkmkdomkes `dndodjklb, muybs mejpejdotbs, sko pbsk-hknkè` `d epbyersd jutuejdotd `d-hk`b e ne `ksteomke qud nbs sdperehe ymerdotds `d ne dstehknkzemko `d uoe rd-sdrve jvkn gudrtd, kovkteheo en etequd.]ko djherlb, pbr domkje `d tbès nesjd`kès e`bpteès pbr B Mboobr dstu-vkdrbo nes rdstrkmmkbods e`jkokstretkveskjpudstes pbr ne odmdsk e` `d etrevdsermkdotb sdsdote iknjdtrbs `d `dskdrtbehkdrtb eotds `d dotrer do mbotemtb mbonbs ktenkeobs. Nes dsmeses mbnujoes `d

treospbrtd trehstcerbo feste dn elbte-jkdotb, sko qud do okolo jbjdotbfuhkdre ok uo sbnb mejko nkhrd pere uokjprdvkstb. euoqud sd e`bpterbo nesprdmeumkbods js dstrkmtes pere jeotd-odr ne bpdremko do sdmrdtb -feste dnntkjb jbjdotb ob sd mbjuokm e bgk-mkends y sbnè bs-, ne odmdskè` kj-prdsmko`khnd `d dstehndmdr puotbs `devktuennejkdotb do pndob `dskdrtb, e jk-te` `d mejkob dotrd Jetrui y ne Hrdmfe`d Dohe, fuhb `d emdptersd mbjb uorkdslb custkgkmehnd, puds `d btrb jb`bnbs merrbs sd fehreo dombotre`b skombjhustkhnd pere dn esentb gkoen.Pmtkmejdotd, ne bpdremko dstuvbmbo`kmkboeè pbr dn tkdjpb y dn dspemkb.Qere jeotdodr dn sdmrdtb, ne jermfe `deprbxkjemko `dhe femdrsd `d obmfd9fehe qud dspdrer, pbr t eotb, e qud fu-hkdre nuoe, pbr nb qud sd gkc dn eveomdpere nes prkjdres gdmfes `dn muertb mrd-mkdotd. Ne vdnbmkè`, pbr btrb ne`b, dredsdomken, pdrb pbr dse jksje rezo obpbè femdrsd uo rdmbobmkjkdotb prdvkbdxfeustkvb skob jd`keotd ne bhsdr-vemko erde y dn djpndb `d petrunnes `dbgkmkends dspdmkenjdotd sdndmmkboe`bs,

`dstemeès pbr pdrb`bs d vdkotkmuetrbfbres.. Dn prbpkb gemtbr `d vdnbmkè`kjpdè eskjksjb uo usb prbnbole`b dne ertknndre, bhnkleo`b e e`bpte r ne tm-tkme `dn hbjher`db `d seturemko, `ds-mrktb mbjb .gudlb `d `dsjbrenkzem ko~.Pb`b `dpdoè, do bpkoko `d B Mboobr,`dn xktb d ne jermfe `d eprbxkjemko,y euoqud dn dste`b jeybr pbè prbydm-terne sbhrd dn pepdn, jd perdme... quddre odmdserkb enlo tkpb `d doseyb ..esmbjb dn etequd rden e Okhdkwe y Puj-jer*. Dstd doseyb, rdenkze`b dn 7 `dobvkdjhrd, sd eouomk e nes trbpesmbjb *Dcdrmkmkb `d Kostrummko O.B n ,mbjuokmo`bsd qud, prbhehndjdotd, dnsdluo`b dcdrmkmkb tdo`re nuler do `k-mkdjhrd.Dn prkjdr dcdrmkmkb `djbstr sko nejdobr ùè ne venk dz `d nbs prbydmtbsdnehbre`bs pbr dn dste`b jeybr, pdrbbhnkl e kotrbùmkr mkdrtes jb`kgkmemkb-ods do dn pneo `d etequd. Ne dxpdrkdomke`d ne komursko mbotre Jeitkne fehepudstb `d jeokgkdstb nb drrodb `d uoetequd `d ne kogeotdre domehdze`b pbrnbs merrbs, y fehe rdvdne`b e`djs qudnbs mejpejdotbs dsteheo rb`de`bs `d

jkoes. Dn rdmbobmkjkdotb `d nbs emmdsbse Okhdkwe y e nbs Pujjer rdvdn, skodjherlb, qud sd fenneheo sktueès donbs olunbs Obrtd y Obrbdstd y, prdsu-jkhndjdotd, pbmb jkoe`bs. Dn < 1 `dMerrbs, mbo sus Jetknè, domehdzere dnesentb `d ne 0 e@kvksko ko`ke y `bjkoe-re nes `dgdoses, jkdotres ne kogeotdre,treospbrteè do sus mejkbods feste en-luobs mdotdoerds `d jdtrbs `dn pdrjd-trb, nkjpkere dn tdrrdob pere nbs merrbs.Dn etequd e nbs Pujjer sd rdenkzere `djb`b skjkner teo prbotb mbjb sd pu-`kdreo dspnezer nbs merrbs y ne ertknndretres ne bpdremko `d Okhdkwe. Uu fe-hreo pdose`b `d dstbs prbydmtbs \e-vd55 y \knsbo, qud feheo rdndve`b `dnjeo`b e Fbhert pbr heser sus k`des done kovunodrehknkè `dn merrb, mbo dxmnu-sko mesk ehsbnute `dn djpndb `d btreserjes2Euoqud lreo pertd `dn xktb `dpdoè`d nbs Jetknè, ne kotdrvdomko `d ne 0 e@kvksko ko`ke dre vkten. Ne gudrze erdektenkeoe sdre herrkè `dn mkdnb jd`keotdetequds skstdjtkmbs e sus edr`rbjbsd komurskbods `d nbs mezes sbhrd ne zboe`d mbjhetd. Ne Jerkoe kolndse hbjher-`dere Jeitkne, ]k`k Herreok y ]bnnuj.Ne < e @kvksko Embrezeè `dhdre pdod-trer do ne Hrdmfe `d Dohe pere hnbquderdn emmdsb e nbs mejpejdotbs `d ]bgegkXehke y ne zboe sdptdotrkboen festeHuqhuq, dxpboko`bsd, en perdmdr, e su-grkr ne pdbr pertd `dn gudlb dodjklb.Uu femeo dotrd teotb nbs ktenkeobs2Euoqud hkdo kogbrje`bs `d ne nndleè`d oudves trbpes e Dlkptb lremkes eoujdrbsbs rdmbobmkjkdotbs erdbs qudeouomkeheo ne prdsdomke `d mbomdotre-mkbods `d trbpes do dn `dskdrtb, y mbos-mkdotds `d qud ne Hrdmfe `d Dohe dre`bjkokb ko`ksmutkhnd `d nes mbnujoesCbmi, y pbr nb teotb uo mbrrd`br ehkdrtbMo su rdteluer`ke, sd bhstkoerbo do ko-tdrprdter nes kotdomkbods hrktokmesmbjb sk gudreo dnnbs qukdods tdoeo nekokmketkve. @kmfb `d btrb jb`b, supb-oeo qud nbs rdgudrzbs hrktokmbs dste-heo `dstkoe`bs e epbyer e nbs lrkdlbs (epdser `d ne prudhe koodlehnd `d qud s-tbs dreo pdrgdmtejdotd mepemds `d ve-ndrsd pbr s jksjbs) y qud nbs kolndsdsdsteheo t eo pbmb prdpere`bs mbjb dnnbspere ehbrèr uoe bgdoskve do dn `dskdr-


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Dn ldodren Mevenndrb rdndve `dn jeo`be He`blnkb do Xbjetb. Do Xbje, dn jerksmen He`blnkb `d`k-mehe su prkomkpen etdomko e ne jermfe`d nes bpdremkbods do Lrdmke, en tkdjpbqud numfehe mbotre qukdods vknkpdo`ke-heo su mbjpdtdomke, dotrd dnnbs dn prb-pkb Lrezkeok, qud mbotehe mbo nes skj-petes `d Jussbnkok. Dn 7 `d obvkdjhrdprdsdot pbr ntkjb ne `kjksko y sd rd-tkr e ne gkome `d uo ejklb e mezer gekse-ods. Ob sd objhr uo sumdsbr kojd`ke-tejdotd, puds dre prdmksb rdsbnvdr eotdsnbs esuotbs kotprobs `dn pertk`b e gko `dfemdr phnkmb dn mejhkb sko qud rdsun-tere egdmteè ne jbren. Enluobs ès`dspus, dn ldodren Hdrtk rdlrdse Ktenke mbo nkmdomke pbr dogdrjd-è`, `dceo`b dn jeo`b `d su @mkjb

Dcrmktb do jeobs `dn ldodren Lerkhbn-`k9 dotrd teotb, do Xbje, dn ldodren Me-venndrb surle lreùenjdotd dotrd uoerd` `d kotrkles mbjb oudvb cdgd `dn Ds-te`b Jeybr, merlb qud esujkre gbr-jenjdotd dn 7 `d `kmkdjhrd. Dreo jb-jdotbs `kgmknds, mbo uoe sktuemko quddjpdbrehe do Enheoke y mbo ne kotdr-vdomko endjeoe mbovdrtkè do rdenk-è`, supdreè ne gesd `d dspdmunemko3dsd jksjb è, dn jerksmen Jknmf nndlehee Xbje pere emnerer uoe sdrkd `d puo-tbs emdrme `d ne emtkvkè` `d ne Nugt-weggd do dn Jd`ktdrrodb. ]d nd mbogkehembjb prkomkpen jksko dn ehestdmk-jkdotb erdb d Enheoke y dn bjkokb dnes rutes qud, prbmd`dotds `d ]kmknke, sd-lueo nbs mbovbyds `dstkoe`bs en Obrtd`d Egrkme.Es puds, jkdotres sd rdndveheo nbs en-tbs jeo`bs jknkterds y Lrezkeok sd ds-gbrzehe pere neozer su bgdoskve do `k-mkdjhrd, mbjdozerbo e femdrsd vkskhndsnbs prkjdrbs ko`kmkbs d nb qud \evdnn ko-tdrprdt mbjb pertkmkpemko kojkodotd`d Endjeoke, pbr nb qud dn mbjeoèotddo cdgd hrktokmb ejpnk (b sd vkb bhnk-le`b e femdrnb es) sus bhcdtkvbs. Do uoprkomkpkb, y sko dn mbobmkjkdotb `dB Mboobr, fehe pdose`b do rdtkrer `dn`dskdrtb e ne 0 e @kvksko ko`ke uoe vdzmbomnukè ne komursko, y dovkerne en ]u-ò pere etemer e nbs ktenkeobs do Drk-trde. Qdrb dn 7 `d obvkdjhrd tuvb mb-obmkjkdotb puotuen `dn elkte`b evks-pdrb qud sd dstehe gbrjeo`b do Nbo-`rds, `bo`d dn Qrkjdr Jkokstrb y nbs cd-gds `d Dste`b Jeybr, e qukdods n jksjbsd fehe odle`b e gemknkter kogbrjemkosbhrd ne gdmfe dxemte `dn etequd, djpd-zeheo e dordèrsd do uoe djherezbserboè `d prdluotes y rdspudstes mbo-mdrokdotds e sus eutotkmes kotdomkbods.Dn Qrkjdr Jkokstrb fehe sdene`b3Mbogb do qud, sk sd enmeoze dn xktb,tdole ustd` pneods pere dxpnbternb njxkjb*. Dvk`dotdjdotd, \evdnn ob nbstdoe, ye qud dn è 6 sd skotk bhnkle`be `krklkrsd e \knsbo do nbs sklukdotdstrjkobs3 Ob emerkmkb dspdreozes dx-treveleotds do nb qud e dste bpdremkordspdmte, pdrb `dsdb esdlurernd qud, sksd prdsdotere uoe lreo bpbrtuokè`, ds-tejbs jbren, jdoten y e`jkokstretkve-jdotd prdpere`bs pere semerne dn j-

xkjb prbvdmfb. ]ko djherlb, mbjb ds-mrkhk B Mboobr3 Dre kjpbskhnd eu-jdoter nbs `dpsktbs prbvkskboends douo pnezb teo mbrtb9 tb`b mueotb sd pbèfemdr dre pdoser do ne gbrje d emdndrerdn sujkokstrb `d ehestdmkjkdotbsmueo`b djpdzere ne hetenne. Ehsbrtbpbr su mbomdptb brklkoen `d uoe komur-sko, \evdnn pes pbr entb, en perdmdr, nednehbremko `d uo pneo `d dxpnbtemko`dn xktb, bhnkleo`b e su Qrkjdr Jkoks-trb e etdo`dr e dstd espdmtb dsdomken,qud tbès nes bpdremkbods jknkterds `d-hdreo mbosk`drer do jeybr b jdobrlre`b. Mkdrtejdotd, sk \evdnn fuhkdrekogbrje`b e Mfurmfknn `dtenneèjdotd`d nbs pneods `d B Mboobr qukz ob fe-hre fehk`b mbotrerrpnkme y, pbr teotb,oe`kd fehre rdmbrè`b ne odmdskè` `ddxpnbter dn xktb. Qdrb tejpbmb dstb dssdlurb, ye qud Mfurmfknn ob pdrè `d

Nbs hn koè`bs hrktokmbs sd mejugneomdrme `d nbs mejpejdotbsvkste e \evdnn. Uud std fkzb hkdo dojeotdodr dn js dstrkmtb sdmrdtb obpud`d odlersd3 mbobme `djeske`b nbspdnklrbs `d uoe gkntremko `ds`d Dn Mekrby tdoe pndoe mbomkdomke `d qud, do nefkstbrke, ob skdjprd feo rdspdte`b nbslbhkdrobs ne seotkè` `d nbs pneods jknk-terds.Qbr gko, do ne obmfd `dn 7 `d `kmkdjhrd,jkdotres merrbs, mebods mejkbods sderrestreheo hecb ne nuoe `dn `dskdrtb,\evdnn mbjuokm e Nbo`rds ne gdmfe `dnetequd3 en ejeodmdr `dn è ; Euo es,Mfurmfknn mbotkou nejdoto`bsd3 ]k\evdnn ob cudle gudrtd sd fehr jbs-tre`b komepez `d pbodrsd e ne enture `dnes mkrmuosteomkes*. ]nb nbs embotdmk-jkdotbs pbèo `dmkr qukdo tdoe rezo.


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Nbs prkjdrbs ko`kmkbs `d ne kojkodotdbgdoskve e~erdmkdrbodo nbs mkdnbs `d~r kp bn kt eo i Mkrdoekme, muo b ne XEGkotdoskgkm nbs eteeuds eud vdoe rdenk-zeo`b kotdrjktdotdjdotd `ds`d gkods dbmtuhrd `d 5;01.Dn < `d kmkdjhrd, bomdhbjher`drbs \dnnkoltbo etemerbo Mes-td5 Hdoktb y `dstruydrbo do tkdrre vdko-tkoudvd evkbods dodjklbs. E ne obmfdsklukdotd, vdkotkoudvd \dnnkoltbo yHndofdkj `dstruydrbo btrbs `kdz evkb-ods do Hdokoe, jkdotres nbs vkdcbs Hbj-hey, sbhrdvbneo`b nbs mejpejdotbs kte-nkeobs do komdseotds peseès, ob snbbmeskboeheo èbs en dodjklb, skob qudmbotrkhueo mbo dn ruk`b `d sus jbtbrdse efbler dn dstrudo`b prbùmk`b pbr nesmbnujoes `d merrbs do su eveomd.Do ne obmfd `dn è 6, ne Xbye5 Oevy sdkombrpbr e ne bpdremko mbo dn jboktbrPdrrbr erje`b mbo `bs mebods `d 54punleès y bmfb `d 0 y dn mebodrb Ep-fks qud fkmkdrbo dxtrdjeèjdotd `d-

K selreèhnd ne vkè do Jeitkne ùreotdK obvdote jkoutbs, jkdotres dn mebodrbNe`yhkr` hbjher`dehe ]k`k Herreok.Do nes mbjeoèomkes ktenkeoes, ne em-, tkvkè` hrktokme sd bhsdrv mbo kotdrspdrb sko enerje, supbokdo`b qud dn jb-vkjkdotb `d vdfmunbs femke dn grdotd dreuo skjpnd rdndvb `d uokè`ds, ye qud ob, bs Jetknè `dn ...e ntkje gesd `dne jermfe `d eprbxkjemko sd rdenkzsko okolo trbpkdzb, y e ne uoe d ne je-`ruleè `dn ; `d `kmkdjhrd tbès nesuokè`ds dsteheo do sus rdspdmtkves pb-skmkbods~.Ob gud, sko djherlb, es dordenkè`, pbrqud feste nbs pneods jdcbr


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treze`bs dsto e jdrmd` `d skjpndsjbrtends. E ne nuz `d ne nuoe, trbpes `duoe mbnujoe pdrtdodmkdotd e ne 0 e @kvk-sko ko`ke mfbmerbo kodspdreèjdtd mbodn 6.1 `d Fserds. @o`d `djbokbsdst dn mejkob `d Dohe2 d fd pdr`k-`b ~ ,d by lrkter e enlukdo mueo`b sd`dsmuhrk, do jd`kb `d uo djhbtdnne-jkdotb d trgkmb, prbvbme`b pbr uoe mb-nujoe qud sd krkle femke dn ]ur do nuler`dn Obrtd. Uukz ob eoèhejuy dsmejk-oe`b uo bgkmken `d dste`b jeybr mueo`b,en èr nbs ntkjbs tbquds e uoe br`do `djermfe, bhsdrv uo teotb mokmejdotd3Ob ven`r d jumfb. Ne mehenndre ouo-me nes ndd, nbs ertknndrbs femdo nb qud nds pe-rdmd y ne kogeotdre ob nes do tkdo`d. Epdser d tb`b, en epbrxkjersd dn enhe nesmbnujoes rbèheo femke dn Obrtd. Ne 0 eHrkleè `d ne < e @kvksko Embrezeè sd`krkle femke ne mbste pbr dn gneomb bmmk-`doten `dtrs `d nbs merrbs `dn 55`d Fu-serds9 ne < e Hrkleè Embrezeè y dnLrupb `d Epbyb `bjkoeheo ne Hrdmfe`d Dohe y muhreo Xehke y ]bgegk9 nestrds hrkleès, mbo ne 0 e @kvksko ko`ke,sdlueo ne dstdne `d nbs Jetknè femkeOkhdkwe, jkdotres sus mebods sd eprds-teheo e kokmker dn gudlb `d `dsjbrenk-zemko. Dotrd teotb, ne kogeotdre `d neGudrze `d ]dnhy, epbyeè pbr uo dsmue-

`ro `d merrbs nkldrbs `dn < 1 `d Fse-rds, qud fehe sktue`b uoe *hrkleè`dgensbs merrbs mdrme `d Jetrui pere mbo-go`kr e nbs evkbods ktenkeobs, mdrrehenbs emmdsbs jdrk`kboen y brkdoten e Jei-tkne.E nes ; `d ne jeeoe, uo dsmue`ro`dn 55`d Fserds sd fehe kogkntre`b done merrdtdre `d ne mbste, trdmd iknjdtrbsen Bdstd `d ]k`k Herreok, tdo`kdo`b uoedjhbsmeè e uo mbovby `d mejkbodsktenkeobs. Pres sus fudnnes eveozehe dn

< 1 `d Fserds, mbjhetkdo`b mbotre nesgudrzes `d ne 70 @kvksko ktenkeoe qud`bjkoeheo nbs ue`ks en ]u`dstd `dHuqhuq. @ureotd tbè ne jeeoe, nbsmerrbs numferbo `dsbr`doeèjdotd pbregkeozersd do sus pbskmkbods do uoe sdrkd`d dsmerejuzes qud vkokdrbo e mbogkr-jer qud ne kogeotdre jdtrbpbnkteoe sdrdoè mbo js gemknkè` qud sus ertknnd-rbs, qud mbjhetkdrbo mbo ùrdze y mbouoe hrevure dombjkehnd. Dn emmdsb e nemerrdtdre sd mboskluk, pbr nb ldodren,mbo hesteotd repk`dz, mbrto`bsd nbsmehnds tdndgokmbs y nes mboùmmkbods,mbo nb qud, do mudstko `d fbres, ]k`kHerreok qud` mbjpndtejdotd eksne`b.Wdrè`drejdotd, pere ne 0 e Hrkleèbs Jetknè sd neozeo en etequd


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@bs `d nbs sdtdote y mkomb bhusds `d4 nkhres qud pertkmkperbo do nhbjher`db `d Okhdkwe.Embreze`e ne emmko `d ne jeeoe meskrdsunt uo gkesmb. Dn 7.1 `d Merrbs eveo-zeo`b pbr su gneomb drdmfb feste nndlere ne zboe `d Okhdkwe fehe dspdre`bdombotrersd enn mbo dn lrudsb `d nesgudrzes embreze es ktenkeoes pdrb stessd feheo rdtkre`b e pdrobmter e nesprbxkjk`e`ds `dn mejpejdotb. Es nbshrktokmbs enmeozerbo ne mer rdtdre `d nembste sko epdoes `kgkmunte`ds. En


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Nbs J =; ktenkeobs qud prbotbsentereo do pdèzbs.prbhehknkè`ds `d vdomdr dreo ounes,puds mbo nbs merrbs `d mbjhetd kheo nbsvdfmunbs ejdtrenne`brds dn 8.1 `d Fklf-neo`drs `d Mejdrbo y dn 557.B `d Gusk-ndrbs `d Xecputeoe, jkdotres uobs 411jdtrbs js etrs `bs hetennbods `ds-mdoè d sus mejkbods y tres gbrjer domejpb ehkdrtb, eveozeheo pere emehermbo nes gudrzes qud ob feheo nblre`bepnester nbs vdfmunbs hnkoè bs.Dn mejpejdotb `d Okhdkwe jdèeprbxkjeèjdotd 8.811 pbr 5.711 jd-trbs. E`djs `d nes `dgdoses dxtdrkbrds,mbo uo gbsb d ejdtrenne`bre meè vdko-tkmkomb jdtrbs, dn mdotrb dstehe sdj-hre`b `d trkomfdres, tkdoès y vdfmunbs`kspdrsbs. Ne dotreè `d nbs merrbs y `dne kogeotdre hrktokmbs bhnkl e senkr enbs ktenkeobs `d sus luerkès mbjb skgudreo uo docejhrd `d evkspes dogurd-mkès. Enluobs, djuneo`b e nbs ertknnd-rbs, mbjhetkdrbo feste jbrkr. Btrbs sdrko`kdrbo e jd`kè qud nbs hrktokmbsbmu~eh eo n mej~ejdotbsdmtbr pbrsdmtbr. Okhdkwe sugrk su `dstkob sko-rd-mkhkr eyuè `d nbs mejpejdotbs `dPujjer, sktue`bs en Obrtd, muyes luer-okmkbods sd epkeheo do nes dgdoses ds-mumfeo`b mbo jbrhbse gesmkoemko nbs`kspdrsbs ruk`bs `d ne jbrten numfe doqud sd fenneheo djpde`bs sus meje-reès. Merdotds `d uoe gudrze d merrbsjvkn pb`drbse, ob dsteheo do mbo`k-mkbods `d kotdrvdokr. E nes 51 `d ne je-eoe , ne rdskstdomke djpdz e mdser y dnpudstb `d jeo`b mdotren fehe sk`berrese`b. Dn ldodren Jendttk, qud feheeheo`boe`b su ehrklb suhtdrrodb pereuokrsd e ne numfe, mey ehetk`b pbr uoergele `d ejdtrenne`bre. E nes 51 01fe-he tdrjkoe`b tb`b, 0.111 sbnè`bs fe-heo sk`b fdmfbs prkskbodrbs y nbs Fklf-neo`drs `d Merodrbo, cuotb mbo nbs Gu-skndrbs `d Xecputeoe, dxejkoeheo dnkojdosb hbto. Nes ehuoèotds dxkstdo-mkes `d vkob ktenkeob sd eprdmkerbo dotb`b su venbr, euoqud tejhko sd prdstne jdrdmk e etdomko e nbs dpsktbs jk-nkterds.Ertknndrbs ktenkeobs. Mbjhetkreo feste nejudrtd.

]ko djherlb, nes trkpunemkbods `d nbsmerrbs ob pbèo `dsmeoser ok `d`k-mersd e mdndhremkbods. Dn mbjeoèotd `dne 0.e @kvksko ko`ke, ldodren Hdrdsgbr`-Qdkrsd, tdstklb `krdmtb `dn xktb `dsu Hrkleè do Okvdkwe, ye fe-he br`doe`b e ne 4.e Hrkleè qudpertkdre femke dn Obrtd pere etemer dnmejpejdotb `d Pujjer Bmmk`doten enes `d ne jeeoe, bhnklo bnd es etdodr uo puotb judrtb e nb ne 7 `d uoenode `d grdotd. Embjpeeo`b e ne 4.eHrkleè pertk dn dsmue`rmko `d rdsdrve`dn < 1 Xdlkjkdotb Xden `d Merrbs, enqud sdlukreo ne ertknndre, efbre qudfehe mbomnuk`b su jksko do Okhdkwe, y`bs gudrzes mbjhkoeès `d nbs Jetknèqud feheo esente`b Okhdkwe.Qdrb euoqud dn oudvb etequd prdvkstbpere kojd`ketejdotd `dspus `d ne vkm-tbrke `d Okhdkwe dre uo emkdrtb pskmbn-lkmb, pboe tejhko `d jeokgkdstb uodxmdsb `d bptkjksjb. Pres `bs fbres `dnumfe dre odmdserkb rdeprbvkskboer e nbsJetkkè y `dspus `dspnezersd bmfb ik-njdtrbs feste Pujjer Bmmk`doten,jermfe qud ye sd kokmk mbo rdtresb e n trb-pdzer mbo uo mejpb `d jkoes `bo`d sdpdr`kdrbo skdtd merrbs. Qbr sk gudre pbmb,surlkdrbo sdrkes `kgkmunte`ds pere nejermfe en ndveotersd uoe tdjpdste` `derdoe qud bhstemunkzehe lrevdjdotd nevkskhknkè`. Eèsd, pbr ntkjb, enlu-obs etequds erdbs ktenkeobs, sk hkdo me-rdmkdrbo `d kjpbrteomke do mbjpere-mko mbo dn prbhndje guoèjdoten qudsd nd pneotdehe en mbjeoèotd `dn < 1Xdlkjkdotb Xden `d Merrbs, tdokdotd mb-rbodn Cdrrej3 dombotrer Pujjer Bmmk-`doten. Hdrdgbr -Qdkrsd, sehkdo`b qud nekogeotdre y ne ertknndre dsteheo prdpe-re`bs y nbs merrbs do enlo puotb mdrme-ob, br`do dn esentb e nes 5= =4 jkdotresqud Cdrrej, qud e uobs 011 jdtrbs `d`ksteomke ob sehe mbo mdrtdze sk sd do-mbotrehe eotd Pujjer Bmmk`doten bPujjer Brkdoten, q `dmk`k errkds-lersd y neozer dn etequd supbokdo`b qudPujjer Bmmk`doten dstehe mbrrdmte-jdotd nbmenkze`b do dn jepe. Lremkes e@kbs gud es, y nbs merrbs emdrterbo dosus bhcdtkvbs.Wdrè`drejdotd, do nbs Pujjer negbrtuoe sbork snb e nbs euèmds. ]k eprkjdre vkste gud uoe rdpdtkmko `d nb


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Bhs `d mejpee 51155< k ten keob `d 511 jj. @dhk`b e nb rdùmk`b `d su gudrze`d merrbs dn Dcrmktb k ten keob `dpdoè do lreo j d`kè `d su ertk n ndre teotb do ne`dgdose mbjb do dn etequd. Ldodrenjdotd errestre`bs pbr mejkbods b tremtbrdsdstbs bhusds embjpeeheo e ne kogeotdre y e nbs merrbs `d veoluer`ke dkotdoteheo jeotdodr e reye e nbs merrbs hrktokmbs mbo uo gudlb mbomdotre`b.Oeturenj dotd uoe pkdze mbjb ste mbo uoe vdnbmkè` kokmken `d snb 011 jdtrbspbr sdluo`b tdoe pbmes prbhehkn kè`ds `d enmeozer uo bhcdtkvb eksne`b mbjb dsuo merrb pdrb uo kjpemtb egbrtuoe`b `d uob `d sus prbydmtknds `d 50 il pbèsdr skolunerjdotd `dstrumtkvb. Dre kogdrkbr e nbs mebods `d mejpee hrktokmbs ypbr nb teotb dste he do `dsvdotece d o nbs dogrdotej kdotbs ertknndrbs.

bmurrk`b do Okhdkwe, pbrqud nbs merrbsleoerbo dosdlukè dn emmdsb en mdotrb`dn mejpejdotb y jeotuvkdrbo uo vdo-tecbsb ùdnb mbo ne tdoez ertknndre kte-nkeoe, e ne kogeotdre `d ne 4.e Hrkleènes mbses `ksterbo jumfb `d jermferndteo hkdo, puds ne 8.e@kvksko nkhke numf`dobèèjdotd pbr meè penjb `d td-rrdob. Dn 5.B `d Guskndrbs Xdends nndlfeste uobs 541 jdtrbs `dn mejpejdotbe hbr`b `d uobs mejkbods mboùmk`bspbr uo dotuskeste lrupb `d odbzdneo`d-sds qud eveozeheo e uobs 41 iknjdtrbspbr fbre mejpb e trevs y qud eheo`b-oerbo sus vdfmunbs pere pertkmkper dodn esnetb. Do nbs prkjdrbs jbjdotbs me-ydrbo oujdrbsbs guskndrbs ehetk`bs pbrdn tkrb `d erjes pbrttknds. E `kgdrdomke`d ne 55Hrkleè `d Okhdkwe, ne 4.ejeo-tuvb sus jd`kbs `d treospbrtd en jer-ldo d ne numfe, pdrb en mbomdotrersd nbsmerrbs prkomkpenjdotd do ne ertknndredodjkle y mbjhetkr teo ùrejdotd nekogeotdre nkhke, rdsunt kodvktehnd, y mbs-tbse, ne numfe mudrpb e mudrpb mbo lre-oeès y heybodte dotrd nes `dgdosessuhtdrrodes. Dn mfbqud sd mbovkrtk esdo uoe hetenne `d kogeotdre, odmdskto-

`bsd js `d `bs fbr`s `d pdobse numfepbr mboqukster dn ntkjb puotb `d rdsks-tdomke. Do dste bpdremko sd `kstkolukd-rbo nbs skifs `dn =55.1 `d Quocehks, enemdpter ne rdo`kmko `dn ldodren Qksme-tbrk, mbjeoèotd `d ne `kvksko, y `dtrdmd bgkmkends `d ente lreùemko qudeperdmkdrbo mbjpndtejdotd uokgbrje-`bs, do ne pudrte `d sus `dgdoses suhtd-rrodes `d mdjdotb. ]d fkmkdrbo btrbs8.111prkskbodrbs, pbr nb jdobs, su mus-tb`ke pneotd uo sdrkb prbhndje e nesgudrzes hrktokmes. E pdser `d ne vkmtb-rke, tbève fehe qud mboquksterPujjer Brkdoten y dn mejpejdotb `dnQuotb ;1 e`djs `d ]k`k Herreok. Nenumfe `kstehe jumfb `d fehdr tdrjkoe-`b.

E Cdrrej nd qudèheo `kdmksks Jetkn-è, e nbs qud prbotb sd sujere dn 057.B`d Xecputeoe pere djprdo`dr ne jer-mfe `d bmfb iknjdtrbs femke PujjerBrkdoten. Puvb qud dogrdotersd, sko dj-herlb, mbo uo mbotreetequd `d mejkb-ods domehdze`bs pbr merrbs muyb bhcd-tkvb dre rdsteurer ne sktuemko do Puj-jer Bmmk`doten. Ne rdskstdomke sd domb-jdo` e skdtd Jetknè y e ne kogeotdre

ko`ke, qud rdspbo k mbo uoe mbrtkoe `dgudlb `d ejdtrenne`bre y ertknndre quddo `kdz jkoutbs koutknkz nbs mejkbodsdodjklbs y ehetk e uobs 011 sbnè`bs.Do dn kotdrvenb, oudvd Jetknè merlerbombo jecdstubsb dspndo`br mbotre dnrdstb `d nbs mejpejdotbs, femkdo`boujdrbsbs prkskbodrbs, euoqud ob pu`btbjersd Pujjer Brkdoten eotds `d nemeè d ne t er`d. Dn


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mkends do dn jbjdotb prdmksb y dn nulerbpbrtuob ob mbomd`k ok uo kosteotd `drdspkrb e equdnnes trbpes dxfeustes.Dn ldodren `d hrkleè ]dnhy gud dnokmb bgkmken `d B Mboobr qud merdme `dkogbrjemko dxemte. @ureotd tb`b dn e; skluk nes r`dods rdmkhkès y jeotuvbsu vklkneomke sbhrd Jeitkne jkdotres sd`dserrbnneheo nbs mbjhetds femke dnBdstd. Js e`dneotd, en mbobmdr dn tdj-preob xktb `d Meuotdr y rdmkhkr ne obtk-mke `d qud ne merrdtdre `d Huqhuq ds-tehe hnbqudeè, `dmk`k rb`der dn mej-pejdotb. Qere dotbomds, sko djherlb,ye fehe bsmurdmk`b, y dn =.1 `d Luer-`kes `d Mbn`strdero tuvb qud eveozerndotejdotd, pbr nb qud feste ne jeeoesklukdotd ob nndl e ne merrdtdre. [ do-tbomds ye dre `djeske`b ter`d. Ne 5.e@kvksko nkhke fehe dvemue`b Jeitkne y,`dspnezo`bsd do mbnujoe pbr nes me-rrdtdres femke ]k`k Herreok, sd `krklefemke dn jksjb mdotrb `d ne numfe,`bo`d ne 0.e Hrkleè Embrezeè prdskb-oehe `ds`d dn Bdstd y ne 57 Hrkleèeveozehe `ds`d dn ]ur.En ejeodmdr `dn è 51 do jd`kb `duoe ununeotd tdjpdste` `d erdoe, ne 57Hrkleè sd fennehe do jd`kb `dn `dskdr-tb, prdste e etemer dn dxtrdjb bmmk`doten`d ]k`k Herreok9 ob nb fehe fdmfb ye dodspdre `d ne ertknndre y `d nbs merrbsJetknè. E su cdgd, dn ldodren Nbjex, ndperdme uoe tdjdrkè` dster enn sko fe-mdr oeè y e ne vkste `dn dodjklb. Jdcbrsdre, pdos, etemer kojd`ketejdotd yerrkdslersd e sugrkr nbs dgdmtbs `d ne ertk-nndre ktenkeoe, emtuer sdlo dn dsprktuqud eokjehe tbè ne bgdoskve. Qdrbmueo`b nbs mejkbods qud treospbrteheoen 5.B `d Erlynn e nbs Fklfneo`drs `d]utfdrneo` kokmkerbo dn eveomd, `dspne-zo`bsd teo rpkèjdotd mbjb nds drepbskhnd pbr nbs sdks iknjdtrbs `d `d-skdrtb ehkdrtb, nbs mebods ktenkeobsehrkdrbo gudlb. Nbs prbydmtknds enmeoze-rbo e nbs vdfmunbs, sdjhreo`b ne mbogu-sko dotrd nbs supdrvkvkdotds, qud sd rd-gulkeheo mbjb y `bo`d pbèo. Tojbjdotb js ter`d, dn 8.1 `d Ndkmdstdr,qud sd eprbxkjehe pbr dn gneomb, mbrrePrbpes `d ne n. @kvksko nkhke dspdreone nndleè `d nbs hrktokmbs dopbskmkbods `dgdoskves kjprbvkseès

kluen sudrtd, euoqud sus pr`kès obgudrbo teo `dsestrbses. Jes dn jksjbgrelbr dn mbjhetd ob snb kstrecb e nbsktenkeobs, skob qud prbpbrmkbo eyuèkojd`kete e nbs hrktokmbs etrepe`bs dodn `dskdrtb. Luko`bsd pbr dn ruk`b `dnbs mebods, `kdz Jetknè sd uokdrbo en8.B `d Guskndrbs `d ne Xdkoe, hetenno `dkogeotdre `d rdsdrve, y sd `krklkdrbo fe-mke su kzqukdrè eprbxkjeèjdotd enjksjb tkdjpb qud ne ertknndre hrktokmedjpdzehe e mestkler e nbs ktenkeobs. Do-trd uoe pbnverdè esgkxkeotd sd `dserrb-nn uo tujuntubsb mbjhetd do nbs end-èbs bmmk`dotends `d ne pbskmko `d]k`k Herreok, `bo`d meè uokè` nu-mfehe pbr su mudote, sdpereè `dn rdstbpbr ne tdjpdste` `d erdoe. Pen dre nembogusko rdkoeotd qud ùreotd uobsjbjdotbs nbs fbjhrds `dn 5.1 `d Erlynnmbjhetkdrbo mbotre nbs Guskndrbs `d neXdkoe. ]ko djherlb, nbs Jetknè gudrboskndomkeo`b e nbs mebods dodjklbspkdze e pkdze y ne kogeotdre mboqukstlreùenjdotd ne pbskmko9 verkbs ktenke-obs sd rko`kdrbo en mbjeoèotd `d uomerrb Jetkn e qud dvk`dotdjdotd dre suprkskbodrb. @d vdz do mueo`b, enluobsevkbods ktenkeobs `d ne 4.e ]que`re fe-meo uoe peseè pere eyuèr do nb qudpu`kdreo e sus mbjpetrkbtes, pdrb gkoenjdotd, pbmb `dspus `d jd`kbè,nbs fbjhrds `dn 8.B `d Ndkmdstdr, pdod-treo`b do dn rdmkotb pbr dn ]ur, vkdrbouo lreo ojdrb `d sbnè`bs senkdo`b`d sus trkomfdres mbjb do uo etequddo jese, pdrb qud eveozeheo èo`btujhbs y mbo nbs hrezbs do entb. Equd-nnbs 8.111 mejkses odlres feheo `dmk-`k`b qud ye dstehe hkdo.Wkste `ds`d dn pudstb `d jeo`b `dnldodren Lennkoe, mbjeoèotd `dn Lrupbnkhkb do ]k`k Herreok, ne sktuemko dre`dsdspdreè. Dn e ; fehe mbjuokme`be Lrezkeok su prdjbokmko `dn `dsestrd3Dn tdrrktbrkb dot rd ]k`k Herreok y ne 8.e@kvksko nkhke dst bmupe`b pbr uo dcr-mktb jdmeokze`b mbotre dn qud ob pud`bnumfer pbr merdmdr `d nbs jd`kbs e`d-mue`bs~.Merdme e`djs `d elue. Netdosko khe do eujdotb e jd`kè qudnbs supdrvkvkdotds qud nndleheo tejhe-ndo`bsd treosjkteo nes obtkmkes `dnkrrdjd`kehnd `dsestrd `dn ]ur. Nbs hrk-tokmbs ob snb hnbquderbo tbès nes ok


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tes femke dn ]ur y dn Bdstd, skob qud dnolunb bmmk`doten `d ne pbskmko `d ]k`kHerreok dste

(Batallas Libro No.14) Beda Fomm: La Victoria Clásica

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