Castaños Guzmán, Julio César
7
IW__HIWAWKUHRLG MWAHC IGYL_ ILYRLÜCY NW]KLF H&+ BLRCY TG_YCFLAGY= Mwahc Ièylr Ilylücy Nw}kìf flig gf al ihwblb bg Y lfc Bck hfnc! B& F&! ga bël 0 bg lorha bga lüc <877& Ycf ywy tlbrgy ga bcicr Mwahc Ièylr Ilylücy Gytlhaal x al bcicrl Fgruhfl G& Nw}kìf Tèrg} bg Ilylücy& Icfrlg klrhkcfhc icf al gbwilbcrl ahigfihlb lU gajxy L& ]cwlhf @hblanc bg Ilylücy! gf egi`l <5 bg mwfhc bg <8>0! icf |whgf `l trcirglbc iwlrc `hmcy= Ialwbhl Klrël! Mwahc Ièylr! Mwahc Yhkùf x Mwahc Laergbc Ilylücy ]cwlhf& HH&+ EC_KLIHCF LIL BGKHIL= l( Ahigfihlwrl gf Bgrgi`c bg al Tcfhehihl Wfhugryhblb Ilùahil Klbrg x Klgyrl (TWIKK! <8>>& o( Klgyrël gf Ihgfihly Tcaëhily! bg al Wfhugryhblb Flihcfla Tgbrc @gfrë|wg} Wrgül (WFT@W&<80>& i( Tcynrlbc gf Bgrgi`c Tgfla gf al Wfhugryhblb Lwùfckl bg Ylfc Bckhfnc (WLYB& <88<& b( Gywbhcy tlrl Klgyrël gf Tgfylkhgfc Ycihla gf al Tcfhehihl Wfhugryhblb Ilùahil Klbrg x Klgyrl (TWIKK&<800& g( Bhtacklbc Hfgrflihcfla gf ‑Trgugfihùf x _gycawihùf bg Icfeahicy‛! bg al Wfhugryhblb bg U latlrlëyc! I`hag! x al Tcfheh ihl Wfhugryhblb Ilùahil Klbrg x Klgyrl (TWIKK& ?44?& e( Iwryc gytgihlah}lbc Hfugyhnlihcfgy Irhkhflagy! HIHRLT& Hfuhlbc tcr ga Bgtlrlkgfc bg Mwyhihl bg acy Gylbcy Wfhbcy bg Lkèrhil! R gnwihnlatl! @cfbwrly& <884& n( Bcicrlfbc bg al Wfhugryhblb Icktawgfyg bg Klbrhb icf al Gywbhcy L ulf}lbcy tlrl ga Bcicrlbc gf ‑Bgrgi`cy Ewfblkgflagy bg al Bgkcirlihl Icfgktcrìfgl icf ywehihgfihl lbkhfhyrlhul g hfugyhnlhul g f ga ìrgl bg Bgrgi` c Icfyhwihcfla‛& ?445&
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Transcript of Castaños Guzmán, Julio César
8/4/2019 Castaños Guzmán, Julio César
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/castanos-guzman-julio-cesar 1/7
IW__HIWAWKUHRLG
MWAHC IGYL_ ILYRLÜCY NW]KLF
H&+ BLRCY TG_YCFLAGY=
Mwahc Ièylr Ilylücy Nw}kìf flig gf al ihwblb bg Ylfc Bckhfnc! B& F&!ga bël 0 bg lorha bga lüc <877& Ycf ywy tlbrgy ga bcicr Mwahc Ièylr IlylücyGytlhaal x al bcicrl Fgruhfl G& Nw}kìf Tèrg} bg Ilylücy&Icfrlg klrhkcfhc icf al gbwilbcrl ahigfihlblUgajxy L& ]cwlhf @hblancbg Ilylücy! gf egi`l <5 bg mwfhc bg <8>0! icf |whgf `l trcirglbc iwlrc`hmcy= Ialwbhl Klrël! Mwahc Ièylr! Mwahc Yhkùf x Mwahc Laergbc Ilylücy
]cwlhf&
HH&+ EC_KLIHCF LILBGKHIL=
l( Ahigfihlwrl gf Bgrgi`c bg al Tcfhehihl Wfhugryhblb IlùahilKlbrg x Klgyrl (TWIKK! <8>>&
o( Klgyrël gf Ihgfihly Tcaëhily! bg al Wfhugryhblb Flihcfla Tgbrc@gfrë|wg} Wrgül (WFT@W&<80>&
i( Tcynrlbc gf Bgrgi`c Tgfla gf al Wfhugryhblb Lwùfckl bg YlfcBckhfnc (WLYB& <88<&
b( Gywbhcy tlrl Klgyrël gf Tgfylkhgfc Ycihla gf al TcfhehihlWfhugryhblb Ilùahil Klbrg x Klgyrl (TWIKK&<800&
g( Bhtacklbc Hfgrflihcfla gf ‑Trgugfihùf x _gycawihùf bg
Icfeahicy‛! bg al Wfhugryhblb bg Ulatlrlëyc! I`hag! x al TcfhehihlWfhugryhblb Ilùahil Klbrg x Klgyrl (TWIKK& ?44?&
e( Iwryc gytgihlah}lbc Hfugyhnlihcfgy Irhkhflagy! HIHRLT& Hfuhlbctcr ga Bgtlrlkgfc bg Mwyhihl bg acy Gylbcy Wfhbcy bg Lkèrhil!
Rgnwihnlatl! @cfbwrly& <884&n( Bcicrlfbc bg al Wfhugryhblb Icktawgfyg bg Klbrhb icf al
Gywbhcy Lulf}lbcy tlrl ga Bcicrlbc gf ‑Bgrgi`cy Ewfblkgflagy
bg al Bgkcirlihl Icfgktcrìfgl icf ywehihgfihl lbkhfhyrlhul ghfugyhnlhul gf ga ìrgl bg Bgrgi`c Icfyhwihcfla‛& ?445&
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HHH&+ CR_CY IW_YCY=
@l rglah}lbc fwkgrcycy iwrycy! gfrg acy |wg yg bgylilf!l( ‑Ehflfihlkhgfc bg acy Tlrhbcy Tcaëhicy‛! gf ga Hfyhwc Egbgrla
Gagicrla bg Kèphic (HEG! ?44<:o ‑Hfecrkìhil gf acy Trcigycy Gagicrlagy‛! gf Ylfl Irw} bg al Yhgrrl!
gf Ocahuhl (?44<: x!i( ‑Bgrgi`c Icfyhwihcfla Fcrglkgrhilfc‛! crnlfh}lbc tcr al
Ewfblihùf Hfgrflihcfla tlrl Yhygkly Gagicrlagy (HEGY gf^ly`hfncf! B&I& (?444&
HU&+ IL__G_L BCIGFRG XLILBGKHIL=
Bgybg <8>0 `l bgygktgülbc alocrgy bcigfgy gf=l Hfyhwc Bckhfhilfc bg Iltlihlihùf Olfilrhl (HFBCOLFIL!
bcfbg `l hktlrhbc BG_GI@C ICKG_IHLA&o Wfhugryhblb LTGI! bcfbg ̀ l hktlrhbc BG_GI@C _CKLFC&i Tcfhehihl Wfhugryhblb Ilùahil Klbrg x Klgyrl (TWIKK! bcfbg
`l hktlrhbc aly lyhnflwrly= HFR_CBWIIHCF LA GYRWBHCBGA BG_GI@C TGFLA! BG_GI@C TGFLA H x HH! RGC_HLNGFG_LA BG ALY COAHNLIHCFGY! BG_GI@CLBKHFHYR_LRHUC x BG_GI@CY EWFBLKGFRLAGY&
b Wfhugryhblb Flihcfla Tgbrc @gfrë|wg} Wrgül (WFT@W! bcfbg `lhktlrhbc aly lyhnflwrly= HFR_CBWIIHCF LA GYRWBHC BGABG_GI@C TGFLA x RGC_HL BG ALY COAHNLIHCFGY&
g Wfhugryhblb Hogrclkgrhilfl (WFHOG hktlrhgfbc aly lyhnflwrly=HFR_CBWIIHCF L AL KLNHYR_LRW_L x BG_GI@CICFYRHRWIHCFLA&
Liwlakgfg! gy ilgbrìhic bg BG_GI@C ICFYRHRWIHCFLA bg al
Wfhugryhblb Hogrclkgrhilfl (WFHOG x bg al Tcfhehihl WfhugryhblbIlùahil Klbrg x Klgyrl (TWIKK&
U&+ TL_RHIHTLIHCF HFYRHRWIHCFLA=
l Khgkorc bga Icagnhc bg Locnlbcy bg al _gtýoahil Bckhfhilfl! bgybg
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yw ewfblihùf&o Khgkorc bga Iawo _clrhc Ylfc Bckhfnc Icacfhla& (<802+<882&i Khgkorc bg al Mwfl bg Bhrgicrgy bg al Tcfhehihl Wfhugryhblb Ilùahil
Klbrg x Klgyrl (TWIKK& (<88>+?444&
b Khgkorc Lycihlbc bg al Ewfblihùf Klbrg x Klgyrl& (?442g Trgyhbgfg bg al Ycihgblb Ickgrihla Twoahilihcfgy L`crl! I& Tcr L&
(<88>&e Ygirglrhc bg al Ycihgblb Ickgrihla Rgagyhygkl Bckhfhilfc! I& Tcr L&
(<88>&n Trgyhbgfg bg al Ywo+ickhyhùf bg Gylbc bg Bgrgi`c bga Bhìacnc
Flihcfla! bgyhnflbc kgbhlfg Bgirgc bga Tcbgr Gmgiwhuc Fýkgrc?<8+80! N& C& 880>&<9& (<880&
` Trcegycr bga Trcnrlkl bg Liwlah}lihùf tlrl Klnhyrlbcy bga KhfhygrhcTýoahic& (<88>&h Ucila bg al Ewfblihùf Icrrhthc! Hfi&! (<800+?4<<&
m Khgkorc bg al Ickwfhblb Ilùahil Yhgrucy bg Irhyc Uhuc (IYIU!Lycihlihùf Trhulbl bg Ehgagy icfyhwhbl ygnýf ac gyloagig ga Iùbhnc bgBgrgi`c Ilfùfhic& (<805+?4<<&
j Khgkorc Ewfblbcr x Trhkgr Trgyhbgfg bg al Ewfblihùf Bgrgi`c xBgkcirlihl! Hfi& (<887&
a Lygycr Agnla bg al Icfegrgfihl bga Gthyictlbc Bckhfhilfc& (?449+?4<<&
k Khgkorc bg al Ickhyhùf bg Mwrhyly tlrl al _gecrkl Icfyhwihcfla!bgyhnflbl gf ga lüc ?445! kgbhlfg Bgirgc bga Tcbgr GmgiwhucFýkgrc 9?9+45&
UH&+ EWFIHCFGY TWOAHILY BGYGKTGÜLBLY=
l Ywo+Icfywacr Mwrëbhic bga Tcbgr Gmgiwhuc! kgbhlfg Bgirgc bga T&
G& Fýkgrc <00+82! N&C& 800>&24& (<882+<885&o Trciwrlbcr Ehyila bga Bhyrhc Flihcfla x Ygirglrhc bg Gylbc!
kgbhlfg Bgirgc bga T& G& Fýkgrc <>8+85! N&C& 88?2&74& (<885&i Khgkorc Rhwalr bg al Mwfl Igfrla Gagicrla (MIG bg <888 la ?44?!
bgyhnflbc tcr ga @cfcrloag Ygflbc bg al _gtýoahil Bckhfhilfl&b Trgyhbgfg bg al Mwfl Igfrla Gagicrla (MIG! tcyhihùf tlrl al |wg
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ewg bgyhnflbc gf ga lüc ?445 `lyl ga lüc ?4<4! tcr ga @cfcrloagYgflbc bg al _gtýoahil Bckhfhilfl&
UHH&+ LYWFRCY HFRG_FLIHCFLAGY=
l Khgkorc bg al Bgagnlihùf |wg rgtrgygfù gf yw bgegfyl! l al_gtýoahil Bckhfhilfl gf al lwbhgfihl igagorlbl gf Flihcfgy Wfhbly!Fwgul Xcrj! tlrl icfcigr ga Hfecrkg bg Bgrgi`cy @wklfcy! lfg gaIckhè bg Bgrgi`cy @wklfcy bga Tlic Hfgrflihcfla bg Bgrgi`cyIhuhagy x Tcaëhicy! ?44<&
o Gyirhc Bgegfyl bg al _gtýoahil Bckhfhilfl lfg al Ickhyhùf
Hfgrlkgrhilfl bg Bgrgi`cy @wklfcy! bg al Crnlfh}lihùf bg GylbcyLkgrhilfcy (CGL! gf ^ly`hfncf! B& I&! ilyc Fc& <?&<08! klxc?449&
i Khgkorc bg al Bgagnlihùf |wg rgtrgygfù gf yw bgegfyl! ickclocnlbc! l al _gtýoahil Bckhfhilfl gf aly lwbhgfihly igagorlbly gfal Icrg Hfgrlkgrhilfl bg Bgrgi`cy @wklfcy (IHB@ gf Ylf Mcyè!Icyl _hil! acy bëly <7 x <5 bg klr}c bg ?447&
b Khgkorc bg al Bgagnlihùf |wg lyhyhù rgtrgygflfbc l al _gtýoahilBckhfhilfl! l al Lwbhgfihl igagorlbl tcr al Ickhyhùf Hfgrlkgrhilflbg Bgrgi`cy @wklfcy bg al Crnlfh}lihùf bg Gylbcy Lkgrhilfcy(CGL! ̂ ly`hfncf! B&I&! gf ciworg bga ?447&
g Ilfbhblc bg al _gtýoahil Bckhfhilfl lfg aly Flihcfgy Wfhbly!tlrl hfgnrlr ickc mwg} ga Rrhowfla Hfgrflihcfla tlrl mw}nlr acyirëkgfgy bg nwgrrl ickghbcy gf Ilkocxl& (?447&
e Crlbcr hfuhlbc l Ocncì! Icackohl! tcr al Icfegrgfihl bgaGthyictlbc Alhfclkgrhilfc (IGALK! gf ga ga Ygkhflrhc ‑Alhicy
x Tlrhihtlihùf Tcaëhil‛& (?445&
n Hfuhlbc tcr Yw Ylfhblb! Ogfgbhic PUH! l tlrhihtlr rgtrgygflfbcl al _gtýoahil Bckhfhilfl! ickc alhic! gf al U Icfegrgfihl bgaIGALK! igagorlbl gf Ltlrgihbl! Orlyha! (?44>&
` Hfuhlbc tcr al Crnlfh}lihùf bg Gylbcy Lkgrhilfcy (CGL la‑Gfiwgfrc Hfgrlkgrhilfc Ycorg Ngyhùf bg Ilahblb gf Lwcrhblbgy
Gagicrlagy‛! igagorlbc gf Kcfgrrgx! Fwguc Agùf! Kèphic& (?440&
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h Gfiwgfrc bg Ùrnlfcy Gagicrlagy Lkgrhilfcy! igagorlbc gf Cl~l!Ilflbì& (?448! hfuhlbc tcr al Crnlfh}lihùf bg Gylbcy LkgrhilfcyCGL! igagorlbc gf Cl~l! Ilflbì& (?448&
m _gwfhùf bg Gptgrcy Crnlfh}lbl tcr al Crnlfh}lihùf bg Gylbcy
Lkgrhilfcy (CGL x ga Trcnrlkl bg aly Flihcfgy Wfhbly tlrl gaBgylrrcaac (TFWB! ycorg ga Rgkl bg acy ‑Bèehihy Bgkcirìhicy!
Irhyhy bg _gtrgygflihùf! x Icfyrwiihùf bg wf Gylbc tlrl alBgkcirlihl! igagorlbc gf Tlflkì! (?448&
j _gwfhùf bg Trgyhbgfgy bg Ùrnlfcy Gagicrlagy bg Lkèrhil Alhfl!Hfuhlbc tcr al Wfhùf Gwrctgl (WG x al Crnlfh}lihùf bg GylbcyLkgrhilfcy (CGL! igagorlbl gf Klbrhb! Gytlül& (?4<4&
a @l yhbc coygrulbcr hfgrflihcfla x khgkorc bg aly bgagnlihcfgy
hfuhlbly tcr Gytlül! Lrngfhfl! Wrwnwlx! @cfbwrly! I`hag!Nwlgklal! Ocahuhl! Tlflkì! Ga Ylaulbcr x Ugfg}wgal tlrl alcoygrulihùf bg ywy rgytgihucy trcigycy gagicrlagy&
k Khgkorc bga Trcnrlkl bg Coygrulihùf bg aly GagiihcfgyTrgyhbgfihlagy bg acy Gylbcy Wfhbcy bg Lkèrhil (G&W&L&!crnlfh}lbc tcr al Ewfblihùf Hfgrflihcfla tlrl Yhygkly Gagicrlagy(HEGY! tlrl acy Gagiihcfgy Trgyhbgfihlagy igagorlbly gf ga lüc ?444x gf ga lüc ?440! gf ^ly`hfncf! B& I=
f Hfuhlbc tlrl uhyhl cehihla tcr acy Ncohgrfcy bg al _gtýoahil bgI`hfl! Rlh~ìf! x Mltùf! tlrl icfcigr ga yhygkl gagicrla x alyhfyhwihcfgy agnhyalhuly x mwbhihlagy lkocy tlëygy! Ciworg bg ?448&
UHHH&+ _GICFCIHKHGFRCY LILBGKHICY=
_gicfcihkhgfc Lilbèkhic ccrnlbc tcr al Lilbgkhl Bckhfhilfl bg alAgfnwl! tcr ywy kèrhcy hfgagiwlagy x ga wyc gmgktalr bg al AgfnwlGytlücal& ?448&
HP&+ TWOAHILIHCFGY=
Gy lwcr x `l twoahilbc aly yhnwhgfgy corly=l Al @cycy 24 x Crcy _galcy (?44<& Gbhcrl Icrrhthc! I& Tcr L&o Ehacyceël bga @ckorg Owrrc (?44?&Gbhcrl Icrrhthc! I& Tcr L&
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i Èhil tlrl wf Tcaëhic bga Yhnac PP<& (?44>b Tlalorl % Tcbgr= Locnlbcy (?4<4&Gbhcrl Icrrhthc! I& Tcr L&g Bhyiwrycy tlrl al Bgkcirlihl (?4<4&Gbhcrl Icrrhthc! I& Tcr L&e Gagiihcfgy x Icfyhwihùf (?4<4&Gbhcrl Icrrhthc! I& Tcr L&
@l gyirhc lbgkìy! kìy bg <44 Gfylxcy acy iwlagy ̀ lf yhbc twoahilbcy gfbhegrgfgy kgbhcy bg trgfyl gyirhl x rguhyly gytgihlah}lbly&
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