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Transcript of Catterina ferreccio nuevas evidencias sobre los efectos crónicos de la exposición a arsénico en...
Nuevas evidencias sobre los
efectos crónicos de la
exposición a arsénico en agua
potable en Chile.
Catterina Ferreccio ReadiDepartamento de Salud Pública
www.saludpublicauc.cl
Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago 2013
Regiones del Norte de Chile
Lugar más
seco del
mundo
Pocas fuentes
de aguaTodos toman
agua de la misma
fuente
Hay registros históricos de
los niveles de As en todas las
fuentes de agua
+
Arsénico en agua potable 1950-04 (µg/L)
Años Antof. Tocopilla Calama
1930-57 90 250 150
1958-70 860 250 150
1971-77 110 636 287
1978-79 110 110 110
1980-87 70 110 110
1988-94 40 40 40
1995-03 40 40 40
2004-05 10 10 10
Prom ajustado de As ( g/L) agua Reg II, 50-94
Short term effects: Neonatal mortality rates for
Antofagasta and Valparaiso, 1950 to 1996.
Chronic Arsenic Exposure and Risk of Infant Mortality in Two Areas of Chile.
Environmental Health Perspectives 2000. 108 (1) 7
Late fetal mortality rates for Antofagasta and
Valparaiso, 1950 to 1996. Environmental Health Perspectives
0.5
1
1.5
2
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Year
Rate
Rati
os
Male Female
Acute Myocardial Infarction Mortality Region II of
Chile from 1950 to 2000
High As Exposure
Period
Yuan Y. et al. Am J Epidemiol. 2007.
Exposición
niñezExpuesto sólo
como adultos
Mortalidad (SMRs) EPOC, edad 30-49 años,
expuestos in-utero o expuestos en la niñez
Smith AH, Marshall G, Yuan Y, Ferreccio C, Liaw J, von Ehrenstein OS, Steinmaus1, Bates MN, and Selvin
S. Environ Health Perspect 114:1293-96, 2006.
Evidence From Chile That Arsenic in
Drinking Water May Increase Mortality From
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
American Journal of Epidemiology
Mortality in young adults following in utero and
early childhood exposure to arsenic in drinking
water
RIESGO DE CANCER PULMONAR INTERACCION
ARSENICO/TABACO. Casos y Controles. 1994-1996
Smoking
category
Arsenic
(µg/L)a
Bladder cancer Lung cancer
OR OR
Never-smoker <11 1.00 1.00
11-91 2.66 0.68
92-335 7.01 0.93
>335 8.86 2.04
Heavier
smoker
<11 4.12 3.75
11-91 4.72 4.39
92-335 7.08 12.4
>335 23.21 16.26
OR for Bladder and Lung Cancer and Arsenic in Water,
by Smoking Status, Northern Chile, 2007-2010
Cancer OR; only cases histologically confirmed, non-
proxy, sex. Upper/lower quart avge lifetime As concentr
prior to 1971
OR adjusted for age, sex, smoking, mining work, race, body-mass index, and
SES. bladder ca OR in females of 23.6 (4.14-135.3) is truncated.
Lung Ca OR in Men by As an other
exposures, 2007-2010 (Epidem 2013)Other
agent:Exposed Unexposed Exposed
Synergy index
Arsenic:a Low exposure High exposure High exposure
OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) S (95% CI)
Any
carcinogen1.8 (0.6- 5.4) 5.2 (1.8-15.3) 12.1 (3.8-38.4) 2.2 (0.9-5.5)
Asbestos 1.6 (0.1-17.8) 6.0 (2.8-12.3) 16.2 (2.8-95.1) 2.7 (0.5-14.4)
Silica 1.8 (0.6- 5.6) 6.2 (2.6-14.8) 13.0 (3.9-42.8) 2.0 (0.8-5.2)
Wood dust 2.5 (0.8- 7.7) 7.6 (3.2-17.9) 26.5 (6.0-116.8) 3.1 (1.1-9.3)
Welding
fumes1.0 (0.3- 3.2) 5.6 (2.4-12.8) 11.9 (3.7-38.1) 2.4 (0.8-7.1)
Coke oven 0.9 (0.2- 3.6) 6.0 (2.7-13.0) 6.5 (2.2-19.2) 1.1 (0.4-3.1)
Soot 1.7 (0.4- 6.5) 6.3 (2.9-13.5) 16.1 (2.2-117.0) 2.5 (0.6-11.3)
Fiberglass 1.4 (0.2- 7.4) 6.1 (2.9-12.8) 14.4 (2.6-80.6) 2.5 (0.6-10.9)
Kidney Cancer OR by As Intake and Histologic
Subtype, Chile, 2007-10
Type of cancer Renal pelvis & ureter Renal cell
ExposureAs
intake Contr Case OR 95% CI
No.
CasesOR 95% CI
Lifetime
average
(µg/day)
<48 219 1 1.00 26 1.00
48-167 211 3 4.68 0.3, 67.3 32 1.29 0.7. 2.3
>167 210 14 19.3 2.4, 154.4 23 1.01 0.5, 1.9
p-trend=0.0006 p-trend=0.98
Cum. expos
(mg)
Before
1971
<0.7 218 1 1.00 27 1.00
0.7-6.1 213 3 4.83 0.4, 60.6 28 1.27 0.7, 2.3
>6.1 205 14 19.0 2.4-152.7 24 1.24 0.7, 2.3
p-trend=0.0003 p-trend=0.5
Early-life As and lung function residuals (observed
minus predicted) and %of age-, sex-, and height-
predicted values (mean ± SD)
Peak arsenic before age 10
<50 μg/l
(n = 45)
50–250 μg/l
(n = 20)
>800 μg/l
(n = 32)
Percent predicted
FEV1
98.2 ± 14.6 91.2 ± 11.0 88.1 ± 18.3
Percent predicted
FVC103.6 ± 16.7 98.2 ± 10.0 94.7 ± 15.3
FEV1 residual
(ml)−63 ± 443 −270 ± 314 −375 ± 611
FVC residual (ml) 103 ± 584 −54 ± 380 −226 ± 614
Temas de investigación en desarrollo
• Duración del riesgo luego de detenida la
exposición
• Riesgo de otros cánceres como mama y
próstata
• Identificar bio-marcadores de riesgo para
detección precoz
Protección a la población expuesta
Prevención primaria:
1. As: mantener en el agua <10 ug/L
(Norma Regional menor?)
2. Reducir exposición al tabaco
3. Promover: frutas-verduras, actividad
física.
Prevención Secundaria
1. Alertar al cuerpo médico
2. Tamizaje?
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lung and bladder cancer. Epidemiology. 2013 Nov;24(6):898-905.
• Ferreccio C, Case-control study of arsenic in drinking water and kidney cancer in uniquely
exposed northern chile. Am J Epidemiol. 2013 Sep 1;178(5):813-8.
• Steinmaus CM, Drinking water arsenic in northern chile: high cancer risks 40 years after exposure
cessation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013 Apr;22(4):623-30. d
• Smith AH,. Mortality in young adults following in utero and childhood exposure to arsenic in
drinking water. Environ Health Perspect. 2012 Nov;120(11):1527-31.
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pulmonary tuberculosis. Am J Epidemiol. 2011 Feb 15;173(4):414-20.
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drinking water: preliminary findings. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2011 Aug;84(6):591-600.
• Yuan Y, Marshall G, Ferreccio C, Steinmaus C, Liaw J, Bates M, Smith AH. Kidney cancer
mortality: fifty-year latency patterns related to arsenic exposure. Epidemiology. 2010
Jan;21(1):103-8.
• Liaw J, Increased childhood liver cancer mortality and arsenic in drinking water in northern Chile.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008 Aug;17(8):1982-7.
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mortality in arsenic-exposed region II of Chile from 1950 to 2000. Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Dec
15;166(12):1381-91.
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drinking water. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007 Jun 20;99(12):920-8.
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