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Tema 4 Sistemas Pasivos de Calefaccin

MSc Ing. Timo Mrquez

Mayo 17, 2011

Escuela de Arquitectura

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Diseo Solar Pasivo (Calefaccin)

Objetivos:

Ganar la mxima cantidad de

radiacin solar, por lo que loselementos de captacin solar serdecisiva.

Perder la mnima energa posible,para lo cual el aislamiento y lahermeticidad del edificio sernfundamentales.

Periodos fros:

Captar

Almacenar Distribuir

Conservar

(vidrios, aislacin y masa trmica)

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Ganancia Directa: Huecos Acristalados:

Se basa en Efecto Invernadero Elementos que captan radiacin

Protecciones Solares para periodos desobrecalentamiento

Uso de aislamiento para evitar perdidas.

La ganancia solar transmitida depende de:

Relacin Vetana-Pared

Caractersticas de ventana

Hermeticidad de edificio (evitar infiltraciones ycondensacin)

Elementos de sombreamiento

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Ganancia Semidirecta:

Amortigua las variaciones de temperatura y asla del exterior.

Muro con masa trmica, incluye efecto invernadero.

Se debe tener en cuenta la ventilacin para periodos desobrecalentamiento. Se puede mejorar funcin con superficies con coeficiencia de

absorcin alto y mecanismos concentradores de calor.

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Efecto Invernadero Flujo de aire por cambio de densidad

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Ganancia Indirecta:

Los componentes se comportan como sistemas colectoresde calor (captar, acumular y transferir).

Inercia: Depende de la masa y calor especifico.

Aislamiento: Depende de conductividad y espesor.

Se puede mejorar funcin con superficies con coeficienciade absorcin alto y mecanismos concentradores de calor.

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Muro Trombe:

Radiacin, Inercia,

Ventilacin

Fuente: http://www.iklimnet.com/save/passive_solar_heating.html Fuente: http://www.archdaily.com/50725/snow-house-emilio-marin-nicolas-dorval-bory-juan-carlos-lopez/

http://www.iklimnet.com/save/passive_solar_heating.htmlhttp://www.archdaily.com/50725/snow-house-emilio-marin-nicolas-dorval-bory-juan-carlos-lopez/http://www.archdaily.com/50725/snow-house-emilio-marin-nicolas-dorval-bory-juan-carlos-lopez/http://www.archdaily.com/50725/snow-house-emilio-marin-nicolas-dorval-bory-juan-carlos-lopez/http://www.archdaily.com/50725/snow-house-emilio-marin-nicolas-dorval-bory-juan-carlos-lopez/http://www.archdaily.com/50725/snow-house-emilio-marin-nicolas-dorval-bory-juan-carlos-lopez/http://www.archdaily.com/50725/snow-house-emilio-marin-nicolas-dorval-bory-juan-carlos-lopez/http://www.archdaily.com/50725/snow-house-emilio-marin-nicolas-dorval-bory-juan-carlos-lopez/http://www.archdaily.com/50725/snow-house-emilio-marin-nicolas-dorval-bory-juan-carlos-lopez/http://www.archdaily.com/50725/snow-house-emilio-marin-nicolas-dorval-bory-juan-carlos-lopez/http://www.archdaily.com/50725/snow-house-emilio-marin-nicolas-dorval-bory-juan-carlos-lopez/http://www.archdaily.com/50725/snow-house-emilio-marin-nicolas-dorval-bory-juan-carlos-lopez/http://www.archdaily.com/50725/snow-house-emilio-marin-nicolas-dorval-bory-juan-carlos-lopez/http://www.archdaily.com/50725/snow-house-emilio-marin-nicolas-dorval-bory-juan-carlos-lopez/http://www.archdaily.com/50725/snow-house-emilio-marin-nicolas-dorval-bory-juan-carlos-lopez/http://www.archdaily.com/50725/snow-house-emilio-marin-nicolas-dorval-bory-juan-carlos-lopez/http://www.archdaily.com/50725/snow-house-emilio-marin-nicolas-dorval-bory-juan-carlos-lopez/http://www.archdaily.com/50725/snow-house-emilio-marin-nicolas-dorval-bory-juan-carlos-lopez/http://www.archdaily.com/50725/snow-house-emilio-marin-nicolas-dorval-bory-juan-carlos-lopez/http://www.archdaily.com/50725/snow-house-emilio-marin-nicolas-dorval-bory-juan-carlos-lopez/http://www.archdaily.com/50725/snow-house-emilio-marin-nicolas-dorval-bory-juan-carlos-lopez/http://www.archdaily.com/50725/snow-house-emilio-marin-nicolas-dorval-bory-juan-carlos-lopez/http://www.iklimnet.com/save/passive_solar_heating.html

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Caso: Zion National Park (Utah), NRELWind Site (Colorado)

Estudio: NREL/CP-550-36277

El muro trombe contribuyo en un 20% delconsumo de energa anual para

calefaccin.

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Masa Trmica:

La habilidad de un cuerpo paraalmacenar calor (capacitanciatrmica o capacidad calorfica)

Materiales usualmente utilizadospara masa trmica: Agua Bloques adobe

Cubierta vegetal Piedras Concreto

Qu pasa con el aire?

Fuente: http://www.buildgreen.ca

http://www.buildgreen.ca/http://www.buildgreen.ca/

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El uso energtico en edificaciones se puede reducir al implementar estrategiasdirectas, indirectas y mixtas de ganancia solar.

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Fuente: Zeppelubil / Th. Haft / Torgauhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SchlossNeuschwanstein2011.JPG

Fuente: http://www.egshpa.com/featured/bishops-palace-wells/

Fuente: http://marcelgomessweden.wordpress.com/2011/03/27/viking-age-farm-and-village/

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SchlossNeuschwanstein2011.JPGhttp://www.egshpa.com/featured/bishops-palace-wells/http://marcelgomessweden.wordpress.com/2011/03/27/viking-age-farm-and-village/http://marcelgomessweden.wordpress.com/2011/03/27/viking-age-farm-and-village/http://marcelgomessweden.wordpress.com/2011/03/27/viking-age-farm-and-village/http://marcelgomessweden.wordpress.com/2011/03/27/viking-age-farm-and-village/http://marcelgomessweden.wordpress.com/2011/03/27/viking-age-farm-and-village/http://marcelgomessweden.wordpress.com/2011/03/27/viking-age-farm-and-village/http://marcelgomessweden.wordpress.com/2011/03/27/viking-age-farm-and-village/http://marcelgomessweden.wordpress.com/2011/03/27/viking-age-farm-and-village/http://marcelgomessweden.wordpress.com/2011/03/27/viking-age-farm-and-village/http://marcelgomessweden.wordpress.com/2011/03/27/viking-age-farm-and-village/http://www.egshpa.com/featured/bishops-palace-wells/http://www.egshpa.com/featured/bishops-palace-wells/http://www.egshpa.com/featured/bishops-palace-wells/http://www.egshpa.com/featured/bishops-palace-wells/http://www.egshpa.com/featured/bishops-palace-wells/http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SchlossNeuschwanstein2011.JPG

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Fuente: https://www.thenaturalhome.com/heatstorage.htm

Fuente: http://www.solardecathlon.gov/past/2009/gallery_homes.html#Arizona

R f P d

https://www.thenaturalhome.com/heatstorage.htmhttp://www.solardecathlon.gov/past/2009/gallery_homes.htmlhttp://www.solardecathlon.gov/past/2009/gallery_homes.htmlhttps://www.thenaturalhome.com/heatstorage.htm

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Invierno Verano

Fuente: http://www.thecistern.com/the-cistern/2010/8/9/cooling-residential-with-rainwater.html

Roof Ponds:

La masa de agua capta, almacena ydistribuye el calor recibido para mantenerrangos de temperatura de confort.

Usualmente tiene profundidades de 100 a250 mm.

Un problema es la evaporacin del agua.

Fuente: http://www.solarmirror.com/fom/fom-serve/cache/30.html

http://www.thecistern.com/the-cistern/2010/8/9/cooling-residential-with-rainwater.htmlhttp://www.solarmirror.com/fom/fom-serve/cache/30.htmlhttp://www.solarmirror.com/fom/fom-serve/cache/30.htmlhttp://www.solarmirror.com/fom/fom-serve/cache/30.htmlhttp://www.solarmirror.com/fom/fom-serve/cache/30.htmlhttp://www.thecistern.com/the-cistern/2010/8/9/cooling-residential-with-rainwater.htmlhttp://www.thecistern.com/the-cistern/2010/8/9/cooling-residential-with-rainwater.htmlhttp://www.thecistern.com/the-cistern/2010/8/9/cooling-residential-with-rainwater.htmlhttp://www.thecistern.com/the-cistern/2010/8/9/cooling-residential-with-rainwater.htmlhttp://www.thecistern.com/the-cistern/2010/8/9/cooling-residential-with-rainwater.htmlhttp://www.thecistern.com/the-cistern/2010/8/9/cooling-residential-with-rainwater.htmlhttp://www.thecistern.com/the-cistern/2010/8/9/cooling-residential-with-rainwater.htmlhttp://www.thecistern.com/the-cistern/2010/8/9/cooling-residential-with-rainwater.htmlhttp://www.thecistern.com/the-cistern/2010/8/9/cooling-residential-with-rainwater.html

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Un termosifn es un aparato cuyofuncionamiento se explica con lascorrientes de conveccin naturalesde los fluidos, en los que las partescalientes de los mismos tienden aascender.

El efecto se produce por la variacinde densidad que sufre el agua conel aumento de la temperatura.

Fuente: http://solarheatcool.sustainablesources.com/

Fuente: http://www.consumerenergycenter.org/home/construction/solardesign/indirect.html

http://solarheatcool.sustainablesources.com/http://www.consumerenergycenter.org/home/construction/solardesign/indirect.htmlhttp://www.consumerenergycenter.org/home/construction/solardesign/indirect.htmlhttp://solarheatcool.sustainablesources.com/

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Fuente: http://www.hydro.mb.ca/your_business/farm/solar_energy_greenhouses.pdf

http://www.hydro.mb.ca/your_business/farm/solar_energy_greenhouses.pdfhttp://www.hydro.mb.ca/your_business/farm/solar_energy_greenhouses.pdf

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Fuente: http://mnre.gov.in/solar-energy/ch7.pdf

Lugar: Leh, Tibet

http://mnre.gov.in/solar-energy/ch7.pdfhttp://mnre.gov.in/solar-energy/ch7.pdfhttp://mnre.gov.in/solar-energy/ch7.pdfhttp://mnre.gov.in/solar-energy/ch7.pdf