Estilo indirecto - teoría
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Estilo Indirecto ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ ESTILO INDIRECTO Al hablar de estilo indirecto , nos referimos al hecho de repetir el significado exacto de las palabras del hablante sin hacerlo palabra por palabra. Tanto en inglés como en español, es necesario hacer una serie de transformaciones para que la oración sea correcta. Juan: ‘Vi a María ayer’ Juan dijo que había visto a María el día anterior. John: ‘I saw Mary yesterday’ John said that he had seen Mary the previous day. Consideraciones básicas Los pronombres personales han de modificarse según sea el caso. John: ‘I must read more’ John said that he had to read more. ‘We are very intelligent’ They said that they were very intelligent. En el estilo indirecto, la conjunción “THAT” puede aparecer tras el verbo introductorio, pero no es esencial y a menudo se omite. Por ejemplo: He said (that) he had seen a ghost. El verbo “TO TELL”, acompañado de un objeto, y que no va seguido de la preposición TO, es más usual que “TO SAY”, al que sí sigue la preposición TO, aunque el uso de ambos es correcto: He told me that he had seen a ghost. He said to me that he had seen a ghost. PRINCIPALES CAMBIOS EN LOS VERBOS Presente Simple .................... Pasado Simple John: ‘I like apples’ John said that he liked apples Presente Continuo .................... Pasado Continuo Sue: ‘I’m waiting for Ann’ Sue said that she was waiting for Ann Presente Perfecto .................... Pasado Perfecto Mike & Joe: ‘We’ve found a flat’ They said that they had found a flat. Pasado Simple .................... Pasado Perfecto* Phillip: ‘I saw the match’ Philip said that he had seen the match Pasado Continuo .................... Pasado Perfecto Continuo* Pam: ‘I was writing a letter’ Pam said that she was writing a letter Pasado Perfecto* .................... Pasado Perfecto* Will: ‘I had set the alarm’ Will said that he had set the alarm. Futuro .................... Condicional Frank: ‘Ann will be in Paris’ Frank said that Ann would be in Paris. Can .................... Could George: ‘I can play the guitar’ George said that he could play the guitar. May .................... Might Fred: ‘It may rain’ Fred said that it might rain.
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Transcript of Estilo indirecto - teoría
Estilo Indirecto________________________________________________________________________________________________
ESTILO INDIRECTO
Al hablar de estilo indirecto, nos referimos al hecho de repetir el significado exacto de las palabras del hablante sin hacerlo palabra por palabra. Tanto en inglés como en español, es necesario hacer una serie de transformaciones para que la oración sea correcta.
Juan: ‘Vi a María ayer’ Juan dijo que había visto a María el día anterior.John: ‘I saw Mary yesterday’ John said that he had seen Mary the previous day.
Consideraciones básicas
Los pronombres personales han de modificarse según sea el caso.
John: ‘I must read more’ John said that he had to read more.‘We are very intelligent’ They said that they were very intelligent.
En el estilo indirecto, la conjunción “THAT” puede aparecer tras el verbo introductorio, pero no es esencial y a menudo se omite. Por ejemplo: He said (that) he had seen a ghost.
El verbo “TO TELL”, acompañado de un objeto, y que no va seguido de la preposición TO, es más usual que “TO SAY”, al que sí sigue la preposición TO, aunque el uso de ambos es correcto:
He told me that he had seen a ghost. He said to me that he had seen a ghost.
PRINCIPALES CAMBIOS EN LOS VERBOS
Presente Simple .................... Pasado SimpleJohn: ‘I like apples’ John said that he liked apples
Presente Continuo .................... Pasado ContinuoSue: ‘I’m waiting for Ann’ Sue said that she was waiting for Ann
Presente Perfecto .................... Pasado PerfectoMike & Joe: ‘We’ve found a flat’ They said that they had found a flat.
Pasado Simple .................... Pasado Perfecto*Phillip: ‘I saw the match’ Philip said that he had seen the match
Pasado Continuo .................... Pasado Perfecto Continuo*Pam: ‘I was writing a letter’ Pam said that she was writing a letter
Pasado Perfecto* .................... Pasado Perfecto*Will: ‘I had set the alarm’ Will said that he had set the alarm.
Futuro .................... CondicionalFrank: ‘Ann will be in Paris’ Frank said that Ann would be in Paris.
Can .................... CouldGeorge: ‘I can play the guitar’ George said that he could play the guitar.
May .................... MightFred: ‘It may rain’ Fred said that it might rain.
Must .................... Have to, mustThe teacher: ‘You must study’ The teacher said that I must/ had to study
Should , ought to, need, had better, .................... No hay cambioswould, could, might, used to.
My mother: ‘You should buy it’ My mother said that I should buy it.
Estilo Indirecto________________________________________________________________________________________________
OTROS CAMBIOS IMPORTANTES
NOTAS IMPORTANTES:
Si el verbo introductorio está en presente, no hay cambio:
Brenda says that she’s arriving at about 6.00.
Si lo comunicado en estilo indirecto es algo que es ‘siempre verdadero’, tampoco hay cambio:
Harry told me that he still likes you.
FORMULACION DE PREGUNTAS
Preguntas cuya respuesta es SI o NO: Utilizaremos el verbo ASK + la conjunción IF:
‘Do you like hamburgers?’ = Charles asked me if I liked hamburgers.
Preguntas introuducidas por WH- (what, where...): Utilizaremos ASK + WH- + Sujeto + Verbo.
‘Where are we going?’ = I asked Sue where we were going.
‘What is the time?’ = She asked what the time was.
ORDENES Y PETICIONES:
Para expresar órdenes utilizaremos el verbo TELL + Objeto + INFINITIVO (con TO). Para expresar órdenes negativas usaremos TELL + Objeto + NOT TO + Verbo
‘Go away’ = He told me to go away. ‘Don’t go away’ = He told me not to go away
‘Open the door’ = He told me to open the door. ‘Don’t open the door’ = He told me not to open the door
Para expresar peticiones utilizaremos el verbo ASK + Objeto + INFINITIVO (con TO):
‘Please, help me’ = He asked her to help him.
Today ............................. The same day, that dayYesterday ............................. The previous day, the day beforeTomorrow ............................. The following day, the next dayThe day before yesterday ............................. Two days beforeThe day after tomorrow .............................. In two days timeNext... ............................. The following..., the next...Last... ............................. The previous..., the ... beforeThis... ............................. That...Now ............................. ThenBefore ............................. EarlierHere ............................. ThereThis, these, that, those (adj.) ............................ . The, thatThis, these, that, those (pron.) ............................. It, they themAgo ............................. Before
Estilo Indirecto________________________________________________________________________________________________
OTROS VERBOS QUE SE PUEDEN USAR EN ESTILO INDIRECTO SON: accuse, admit, advise, agree, apologise, confess, decide, deny, doubt, insist, offer, promise, refuse, remind, suggest.
