Impacto Biotech Farmacia

7/28/2019 Impacto Biotech Farmacia

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BIOTECHNOLOGY

The application of science and technology to living organisms,

as well as parts, products and models thereof, to alter living or

non-living materials for the production of knowledge, goods and

services.

(OECD Biotechnology Statistics. Paris, 2006)

BIOLOGIA

Agriculural producs

Stem cells

Cloning

Knock-out animals

BIOQUMICA

Biopharmaceuticals

Green chemistry

Bioremediation

Biofuels



Biotechnology applications

• Medicine and health care

– Biopharmaceuticals (recombinant insulin or monoclonal antibodies) (9%

turnover of pharmaceutical co. in EU) – Recombinant vaccines (17% turnover vaccines in EU)

– In vitro diagnostics, mainly immunoassays and nucleic-acid tests (30%turnover in EU)

• Primary production and agro-food

– Breeding and propagation of crops, livestock and fish

– Feed additive production

– Veterenary and food diagnostics

– Veterinaty vaccines

– Enzymes for food production

• Industrial production processes, energy and the environment

– Textile finishing

– Pulp and paper manufacturing

– Detergents

– Certain chemical products

– Bioethanol production – bioremediation



MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGIES IN HEALTHCARE (1)

Nucleic-Acid

related

technologies

High-throughput sequencing of

genome, gene, DNA

DNA synthesis and amplificationGenetic engineering

Anti-sense technology

siRNA technology

Analysis and

modification of genetic

material

Protein related

technologies

High throughput protein/peptide

identification, quantification and sequencing

Analysis and

modification ofproteins

Metabolite-related

technologies

High-throughput metabolite

identification and quantification

Metabolic pathway engineering

Analysis of metabolites

(small molecules)



MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGIES IN HEALTH CARE(2)

Cellular /sub-

cellular related

technologies

Cell hybridizacion/fusion

Tissue engineering

Embryo technology

Stem-cell-related technologies

Gene delivery

Fermentation and downstream

processing

Cell manipulation for

various applications

Supporting tools Bioinformatics

Application of

computational tools

and storage biological

data



MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL

BIOTECHNOLOGY

Imp act of biotechnolog y

PREVENTION

DIAGNOSIS

THERAPEUTICS

MEDICINE

PHARMACY



MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL

BIOTECHNOLOGY

Imp act of biotechnolog y MEDICINE

PHARMACY

RECOMB INANT VACCINES

DIAGNOSIS

BIOPHARCAEUTICALS

ORGANIC INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTION



VACCINES

Process of viral infection



The immune response



The adpative immune system



FIRST GENERATION VACCINES

A traditional vaccine consists of live attenuated bacteria or viruses, of dead or inactivated bacteria of of specific surface

proteins of pathogens, e.g. harvested from the plasma of infected

patients.



RECOMBINANT VACCINES

Proteins or naked DNA



HER-2/NEU Protein as Target

Growingcancer

cells

Breast cancer patient

Her-2/neu gene

Growth factor HER-2/NEU receptor



An Antibody Called Herceptin

Growthslows

Breast cancer patient

Growth factor Herceptin blocks receptor



Old Way

PathologyPatient’s

tissue sample

Molecular diagnostics

Genetics

Immunochamical



DIAGNOSTICS

• Genetic testing



Molecular Diagnostics

Microarray image

Old Way

Proteins

DNA

New Way

Patient’s tissue sample

or blood sample

Genomics

Proteomics

PathologyPatient’s

tissue sample

Mass spectrometry Proteomic image

Gene chip



Monoclonal antibodies



DIAGNOSTICS

Infectious disease testing



DIAGNOSTICS

• Protein based

– Detection of a protein by a specific antobody

• Tests that are used to identify changes in the levels of proteins

during disease• Identify foreign proteins during an infection

• DNA-based

– Identify alterations in the DNA sequence correlating with

disease or a heightened risk of developing the disease



DIAGNOSTICS

• Infectious disease testing – Viral (HIV, hepatitis, EBV, RSV, herpes and CMV)

– Bacterial (TB, lyme, H. Pyroli, salmonella and sexual transmitteddiseases)

• Cancer – Genes and viruses associated with specific cancers

– Flourescence in situ hybridization (FISH) permits to see taggedsequences in cells

– Serum screening: p.e. PSA (prostate specific antigen)

• Genetic testing

– FISH is applied for genetic screening for chromosomeabnormalities



DIAGNOSTICS

• Sensitivity down to a single molecule

• Results are obtained faster

• The amplification technique this will dominate the market

EU 2004



BIOPHARMACEUTICALS

• Peptides and proteins produced in large scale

produced through recombinat DNA technologies

using microorgnanisms or cell curtures as “cell

factories”

• 1982 Recombinant human insulin

• 15% turnover out of all pharmacuticals



BIOPHARMACEUTICALS

• Hormones: insulin, growth hormone

• Thrombolytic agents

• Blood factors: factor VIII, factor IX

• Haematopietic growth factors

• Interferons

• Interleukin based products

• Monoclonal antibodies• Antisense therapy



ORGANIC INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS

• Enzyme and/or microorganisms production

– Antibiotics

– Vitamins

– amino acids

– Biotechnology based polymers



EMERGING BIOTECHNOLOGY

APPLICATIONS• Cell-based therapies

– Tissue engineering, aimed at regernetaring diseased tissuesand organs through the use of cells and the aid of supportingstructures and/or biomolecules.

• Autologous skin replacements, cartilage and bonde products

• Stem cells

Application in clinic: bone marrow transplantation froleukemia patients

– Embryonic stem cells, capable of differenciate in any of the200 cell types.

– Adult stem cells, capable of mature only in that type of tissue




APPLICATIONS

• Gene Therapy

– Introduction of a gene into a cell, resulting in a product which

achieves a specific therapeutic goal.

– This has been applied for the treatment of one type of

severe combined immunodeficiency.• Antisense and RNA interference (RNA-based

therapies)

The goal is the selective inhibition of gene expression and thus

protein production.

– Antisense technology uses synthesized short, single

stranded sequences of nucleic acids

– RNA interference goal is to silence gene expression by

enzymatic cleavage.




APPLICATIONS

• Therapuetic vaccines

Not used in a prophylactic sense, but for the treatment of

varioues diseses, including infectious diseses.

This vaccines use disease specific proteins as antigens to boostor induce a specific response in the patient with the aim of

treating an already existing condition.

• Pharmacogenetics – The study of the influence of genetic variation on inter-

individual differences in drug response with the aim of

tailoring therapy to individual genetic make-up

Impacto Biotech Farmacia

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