Espacio público y cultura en acción

Justicia Espacial y la Urbanización AsimétricaMiguel Robles-Durán

Cofundador de Cohabitation Strategies, Cooperativa para el desarrollo socio-espacial, con sedes en Rotterdam y Nueva York

www.kreanta.orgwww.ciudadescreativas.org

Pa

ge 3

bordeaux 2011

1. La investigación exhaustiva y transdisciplinaria de los procesos de urbanización

4

Cohabitation Strategies

5

Urban Rhythms

Production Gate

Mijnkintbuurt

URBAN INEQUALITIES AND URBAN-PROFIT BASED URBANIZATION

SOCIAL HOUSING PROVISION AND PRIVATIZATION

URBAN REGENERATION AND GENTRIFICATION

SOCIO-SPATIAL FRAGMENTATION AND DIFFERENCE

SOCIAL COHESION AND PARTICIPATION

CULTURAL DYNAMICS, AND THE COMMUNICATION OF URBAN PROCESSES

A. URBAN POLITICS

A.01 National Development and Renewal StrategiesA.02 Municipal Development StrategiesA.03 Municipal Governance NetworksA.04 District and Neighbourhood GovernanceA.05 Local Centralities and ConnectionsA.06 Municipal Economic PerspectivesA.07 Land Use and Function DistributionA.08 Core Economic Zones ( Wealth and Poverty)A.09 Water and NatureA.10 MobilityA.11 Municipal Budget for HousingA.12 Local Budget for HousingA.13 Building Funds, Subsidies and Fiscal InstrumentsA.14 Social/Private Rental Housing A.15 Home Ownership HousingA.16 Housing Developers, Corporations and AssociationsA.17 Building Regulation and Quality Control A.18 Housing Deficit and AllocationA.19 Urban and Neighbourhood RestructuringA.20 Public and Recreation SpacesA.21 Tenants Right, Obligations and AssociationsA.22 Real State ValueA.23 ConnectivityA.24 Community Organizations A.25 Urban Mobilizations (Present and Historical)A.26 Gentrification ProcessesA.27 Community Knowledge of Local PolicyA.28 Collective Consumption A.29 Institutionalization of Community Organizations/ProgramsA.30 Decision Making and Peoples Power (Jurisdiction)A.31 Waste Management and RecyclingA.32 Land ContaminationA.33 Groundwater Depletion A.34 Water Management (Accumulation, treatment, distribution)A.35 Energy Management and ConservationA.36 Alternative EnergyA.37 Natural ResourcesA.38 Recycling CultureA.39 Urban Agriculture Culture, Location and Distribution

B. URBAN MORPHOLOGY

D. SOCIETY AND CLASS STRUCTURE

B.01 Uneven Urban DevelopmentB.02 Spatial and Functional DistributionB.03 Spatial CorrelationsB.04 Infrastructure NetworksB.05 Mobility NetworksB.06 Spatial Demographics and StatisticsB.07 Temporal DynamicsB.08 Technologies (Spatial, Building and Infrastructure)B.09 Building ClearanceB.10 Land SpeculationB.11 Vacancy RatesB.12 FragmentationsB.13 Urban Deprivation and MarginalizationB.14 Streets

C. TYPOLOGY AND THE EVERYDAY

C.01 Housing Typologies and Contemporary OccupationC.02 Streets, Pedestrian Corridors and Public SpaceC.03 Abandoned Structures and Spatial InefficienciesC.04 Urban rhythmsC.05 Social RitesC.06 Aesthetic ValuesC.07 Social Processes and RelationsC.08 Public ServicesC.09 Street Culture

E. ECONOMY AND LABOR

D.01 MigrationD.02 Gentrification, Displacement and MarginalizationD.03 Forms of Social Relations and Class StratificationD.04 Spatial OccupationD.05 Social CohesionD.06 CriminalityD.07 Racial SegregationD.08 Gender/AgeD.09 Social ReproductionD.10 Child RearingD.11 Residential DifferentiationD.12 Community Development

D. CULTURAL POLITICS

E.01 Labour History (Strugles, Organization, etc) E.02 Material Conditions and Local CapacitiesE.03 Productive Services/Activities and Labour PowerE.04 Division of Labor and Specialization E.05 Structure of Labour Markets and the Circulation of Value E.06 Mobility ChancesE.07 Means of ProductionE.08 Surplus Allocation and CirculationE.09 Taxation and Financial InstrumentsE.10 Commodity DistributionE.11 Credit Systems and Local/External Finances and Resources

D.01 Cultural Heritage and Everyday HabitsD.02 Traditional Forms of CultureD.03 Social and Cultural Interaction / DiscriminationD.04 Intellectual and Artistic PotentialsD.05 New forms of AggregationsD.06 Youth TribesD.07 Community ActivitiesD.08 Techniques of Empowerment

Cohabitation Strategies

Stakeholder Relations

Legal Instruments

Social Programs/facilities

Participatory Neighborhood Programs/Facilities

Cultural Programs/Facilities

Sports and Leisure Programs/Facilities

Economic and Labor Processes

Modes of Production

Redistributive Processes Against Poverty

Local Asset Distributions

Urban Educational Programs/Facilities

Spatial Occupation Strategies

Transport Infrastructure and Connectivity

Environmental Solutions

Urban and Housing Renewal Programs

Sustainable Approaches

Public Services/Facilities

RESEARCH QUESTIONS META-TOPICSRESEARCH PROCESS DESIGN PROCESSESRESEARCH STRATEGIES

ENDOGENOUS EMPOWERMENT

AND ORGANIZATION

CONSOLIDATINGLOCAL MODES OF PRODUCTION

RESTRUCTURING URBAN

CONSCIOUSNESS AND IMAGE

DEVELOPING AND REINFORCING

SOCIAL AND URBANCONDITIONS

STIMULATINGLOCAL

CULTURAL PRODUCTION

URBAN INEQUALITIES AND URBAN-PROFIT BASED URBANIZATION

SOCIAL HOUSING PROVISION AND PRIVATIZATION

URBAN REGENERATION AND GENTRIFICATION

SOCIO-SPATIAL FRAGMENTATION AND DIFFERENCE

SOCIAL COHESION AND PARTICIPATION

CULTURAL DYNAMICS, AND THE COMMUNICATION OF URBAN PROCESSES

A. URBAN POLITICS

A.01 National Development and Renewal StrategiesA.02 Municipal Development StrategiesA.03 Municipal Governance NetworksA.04 District and Neighbourhood GovernanceA.05 Local Centralities and ConnectionsA.06 Municipal Economic PerspectivesA.07 Land Use and Function DistributionA.08 Core Economic Zones ( Wealth and Poverty)A.09 Water and NatureA.10 MobilityA.11 Municipal Budget for HousingA.12 Local Budget for HousingA.13 Building Funds, Subsidies and Fiscal InstrumentsA.14 Social/Private Rental Housing A.15 Home Ownership HousingA.16 Housing Developers, Corporations and AssociationsA.17 Building Regulation and Quality Control A.18 Housing Deficit and AllocationA.19 Urban and Neighbourhood RestructuringA.20 Public and Recreation SpacesA.21 Tenants Right, Obligations and AssociationsA.22 Real State ValueA.23 ConnectivityA.24 Community Organizations A.25 Urban Mobilizations (Present and Historical)A.26 Gentrification ProcessesA.27 Community Knowledge of Local PolicyA.28 Collective Consumption A.29 Institutionalization of Community Organizations/ProgramsA.30 Decision Making and Peoples Power (Jurisdiction)A.31 Waste Management and RecyclingA.32 Land ContaminationA.33 Groundwater Depletion A.34 Water Management (Accumulation, treatment, distribution)A.35 Energy Management and ConservationA.36 Alternative EnergyA.37 Natural ResourcesA.38 Recycling CultureA.39 Urban Agriculture Culture, Location and Distribution

B. URBAN MORPHOLOGY

D. SOCIETY AND CLASS STRUCTURE

B.01 Uneven Urban DevelopmentB.02 Spatial and Functional DistributionB.03 Spatial CorrelationsB.04 Infrastructure NetworksB.05 Mobility NetworksB.06 Spatial Demographics and StatisticsB.07 Temporal DynamicsB.08 Technologies (Spatial, Building and Infrastructure)B.09 Building ClearanceB.10 Land SpeculationB.11 Vacancy RatesB.12 FragmentationsB.13 Urban Deprivation and MarginalizationB.14 Streets

C. TYPOLOGY AND THE EVERYDAY

C.01 Housing Typologies and Contemporary OccupationC.02 Streets, Pedestrian Corridors and Public SpaceC.03 Abandoned Structures and Spatial InefficienciesC.04 Urban rhythmsC.05 Social RitesC.06 Aesthetic ValuesC.07 Social Processes and RelationsC.08 Public ServicesC.09 Street Culture

E. ECONOMY AND LABOR

D.01 MigrationD.02 Gentrification, Displacement and MarginalizationD.03 Forms of Social Relations and Class StratificationD.04 Spatial OccupationD.05 Social CohesionD.06 CriminalityD.07 Racial SegregationD.08 Gender/AgeD.09 Social ReproductionD.10 Child RearingD.11 Residential DifferentiationD.12 Community Development

D. CULTURAL POLITICS

E.01 Labour History (Strugles, Organization, etc) E.02 Material Conditions and Local CapacitiesE.03 Productive Services/Activities and Labour PowerE.04 Division of Labor and Specialization E.05 Structure of Labour Markets and the Circulation of Value E.06 Mobility ChancesE.07 Means of ProductionE.08 Surplus Allocation and CirculationE.09 Taxation and Financial InstrumentsE.10 Commodity DistributionE.11 Credit Systems and Local/External Finances and Resources

D.01 Cultural Heritage and Everyday HabitsD.02 Traditional Forms of CultureD.03 Social and Cultural Interaction / DiscriminationD.04 Intellectual and Artistic PotentialsD.05 New forms of AggregationsD.06 Youth TribesD.07 Community ActivitiesD.08 Techniques of Empowerment

Cohabitation Strategies

Stakeholder Relations

Legal Instruments

Social Programs/facilities

Participatory Neighborhood Programs/Facilities

Cultural Programs/Facilities

Sports and Leisure Programs/Facilities

Economic and Labor Processes

Modes of Production

Redistributive Processes Against Poverty

Local Asset Distributions

Urban Educational Programs/Facilities

Spatial Occupation Strategies

Transport Infrastructure and Connectivity

Environmental Solutions

Urban and Housing Renewal Programs

Sustainable Approaches

Public Services/Facilities

RESEARCH QUESTIONS META-TOPICSRESEARCH PROCESS DESIGN PROCESSESRESEARCH STRATEGIES

ENDOGENOUS EMPOWERMENT

AND ORGANIZATION

CONSOLIDATINGLOCAL MODES OF PRODUCTION

RESTRUCTURING URBAN

CONSCIOUSNESS AND IMAGE

DEVELOPING AND REINFORCING

SOCIAL AND URBANCONDITIONS

STIMULATINGLOCAL

CULTURAL PRODUCTION

Meta-Disciplinary Approach & Methodology

Page 4

bordeaux

INTRODUCtion to the territory

P a g e 1 0

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replaced by dwellings. The same goes for Place Saint-Michel, where shops have given way to lots of cafés and snack bars. The neighbourhood’s “elders” lament the departure of these businesses, which has greatly reduced the diversity of neighbourhood shop signs. A long-time resident thus tells us: “Previously, on the square, there was watchmaker, a photographer, a butcher and an ironmonger, and nowadays, even if there are still plenty of businesses, there are a lot less”26.

Economic FactorsThe Saint-Michel neighbourhood has a large number of ethnic businesses. The installation of numerous foreign shops in Saint-Michel represents an essential resource for the North African population and, to a certain extent, for Sub-Saharan African residents27. These businesses offer certain job opportunities, and they also enable many foreigners to purchase traditional products at better prices, and above all to enjoy advantageous payment conditions, i.e., credit: in Saint-Michel shops owned by foreigners, the practice of offering credit is common, and overall payments are authorized at the end of each month. “When people know you in Saint-Michel, you can do your shopping with nothing in your pocket”. Similarly, North African, Portuguese and Turkish restaurants offer really affordable prices, which at the same time attract French customers who appreciate foreign specialities; but they also enable immigrants in the neighbourhood and in particular people living on their own, to eat according to their tastes and for less money.

t h e two p o l e s o f comm e r c i a l a c t i v i t y o f s a i n t m i c h e l a r e

i t s two m a r k e t s , s a i n t m i c h e l , m anag e d b y t h e m un i c i pa l i t y,

a n d c a p u c i n s , m anag e d p r i vat e ly b u t con s i d e r e d o f ' p u b l i c

i n t e r e s t ' . t h e r e i s a s econ d i n doo r m a r k e t i n t h e cou r s

v i c to r h u go wh i ch i s fa r l e s s p o p u l a r . d i f f e r e n t con sum p t i o n

pat t e r n s a p p e a r : wh i l e s t u d en t s u s e t h e s u p e rma r k e t fo r da i ly

g ro c e r i e s , i mm i g r an t s t e n d to s h o p i n sm a l l comm e r c e s , wh e r e

t h e r e i s a n a lt e r n at i v e o f m i c ro c r e d i t s i f t h e y d on ' t h av e

mon e y. s t m i c h e l' s m a r k e t i s a l s o p o p u l a r among i mm i g r an t s :

s om e o f t h em b u y g oo d s i n t h e i n fo rma l m a r k e t

t h at a r e n ot i n t e r e s t i n g i n f r a n c e to t r av e l

b ac k to t h e i r h om e coun t r i e s a n d r e - s e l l t h em .

S T M I C H E L

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Research Tasks And GoalsThe new relationship between the state and municipalities have also stimulated a reconfiguration of the relationship between the municipality and local private and semi-private institutions in one hand and the civil society in the other. Nevertheless the body of governance has pointed towards a system of barely fair structure bringing serious treats to disfranchised groups and marginalized city areas. The instruments and methods of urban restructuring in low-income and problematic neighborhoods have stimulating in many occasions undesired conditions (massive demolition, tenants displacement, rupture of communities) rather to improving the already uncontested

ones. First, there is ambiguity in the role and outcomes of decision-making involving government actors, profit and non-profit housing providers and residents. Secondly, inequality of political power have lead to hierarchical relationships focused on dominant actors eliminating a fair collaboration. Goals and strategies  are usually set from above rather than emerging from the negotiations between actors and users. Finally, there is a need for research to   evaluate and test the claims made about the benefits and efficacy of the current local governance system in securing community involvement and assisting social integration in complex urban regeneration programs and to explore the conditions necessary for these approaches to succeed.

I N T R O D U C T I O N

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P a g e 6

2. El diseño de los marcos de operación activa y metodologias de acción

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Fig.7 S cheme of “de Unie”

3. La ejecución, coordinación y mediatización de procesos transformativos colectivos y comunales