La enfermería frente al espejo: mitos y...

La enfermería frente al espejo: mitos y realidades

Juan F. Hernández Yáñez

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Impreso en papel ecológico

Contenido

Resumen ejecutivo .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

1. La profesión de enfermería hoy.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7303 Nc"etkuku"fg"etgekokgpvq"fg"nc"gphgtogtîc 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 9304 Nqu"tqngu"cornkcfqu"fg"nc"gphgtogtîc<"Àwpc"pwgxc"fktgeekôpA0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 34305 Gn"ecuq"fg"nc"rtguetkrekôp"gphgtogtc 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 39306 Nqu"pwgxqu"tqngu"{"uwu"ghgevqu"gp"nqu"ocrcu"rtqhgukqpcngu00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 3;307 Cniwpcu"encxgu"rctc"fkuvkpiwkt"nqu"okvqu"{"ncu"tgcnkfcfgu 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 46308 Gn"hwvwtq<"pwgxcu"qrqtvwpkfcfgu."pwgxcu"tgurqpucdknkfcfgu000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 49

2. La larga marcha de la enfermería española: de ocupación a profesión.......................................... 30403 Fgn"htcpswkuoq"c"nc"fgoqetcekc0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 52404 Gn"nwuvtq"fg"qtq"fg"nc"gphgtogtîc"gurcòqnc 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 53405 Nc"vtcxguîc"fgn"fgukgtvq 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 57406 Nc"rqukekôp"fg"kocigp"fg"nc"gphgtogtîc"gurcòqnc0 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 5:

3. La enfermería española de hoy.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 42503 Nc"fkogpukôp"ewcpvkvcvkxc<"fgoqitchîc"rtqhgukqpcn 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 66504 Nqu"fgucttqnnqu"tgekgpvgu"*4227/4232+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 73

4. Algunas conclusiones y sugerencias para el debate .................................................................................................................... 66

Bibliografía.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 73

Índice de Tablas ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 83

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Siglas y abreviaturas

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La enfermería frente al espejo:mitos y realidades

Juan F. Hernández YáñezEqpuwnvqt"gp"qticpk|cekqpgu"{"ugtxkekqu

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1. La profesión de enfermería hoy

1.1 La crisis de crecimiento de la enfermería

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1.2 Los roles ampliados de la enfermería: ¿una nueva dirección?

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34

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Jc{"swg"vgpgt"gp"ewgpvc"swg"gn"ukuvgoc"ucpkvctkq"fg"nqu"Guvcfqu"Wpkfqu"gu"ow{"fkhgtgpvgcn" fgn" tguvq" fg" nqu" rcîugu" fgucttqnncfqu." kpenwuq" c" nqu" fg" uw" gpvqtpq" ewnvwtcn" fg" ncCommonwealth0"Okgpvtcu"swg"gp"guvg"rcîu"ncu"fgekukqpgu"tgiwncfqtcu"guvâp"cduqnwvcogp/vg"htciogpvcfcu"{"ncu"rtqhgukqpgu"ug"cwvqttgiwncp"gurgekcnogpvg"c"vtcxêu"fg"uwu"eqttgurqp/fkgpvgu boards."gp"nqu"fgoâu"rcîugu"fgucttqnncfqu."gp"oc{qt"q"ogpqt"ogfkfc."ewcnswkgtkpkekcvkxc"fg"guvg"cnecpeg"kornkec"wp"nctiq"rtqeguq"rqnîvkeq"fg"fghkpkekôp/pgiqekcekôp/rnc/pgcokgpvq"swg"hkpcnkeg"eqp"nc"rtqownicekôp"fg"ng{gu"tgiwncfqtcu"dâukecu"fg"vkrq"egpvtcn.rtqxkpekcn."guvcvcn"q"hgfgtcn0"Cwpswg"gp"Guvcfqu"Wpkfqu"gu"rqukdng"swg"cniwpcu"tgcnkfcfguq"fgocpfcu"fg"cdclq"cttkdc"rtqfw|ecp"tguwnvcfqu"inqdcngu"rqt"cewowncekôp."gp"Gwtqrcrwgfgp"gzkuvkt"oqxkokgpvqu"fg"dcug"q"itwrqu"fg"rtgukôp."rgtq"ncu"uqnwekqpgu"ukgortg"uqphkpcnogpvg"ngikuncvkxcu"{"tgiwncfqtcu."gu"fgekt."fg"cttkdc"cdclq0"Rqt"guvg"oqvkxq."nc"gphgt/ogtîc"gwtqrgc"ukgortg"jc"hkcfq"uw"uwgtvg."oâu"swg"c"uwu"rtqrkcu"hqtvcng|cu"rctc"etgct"qhgt/vcu" fg"ogtecfq" cvtcevkxcu" rctc" nc" fgocpfc" fg" ugtxkekqu" rtqhgukqpcngu." c" uw" ecrcekfcfrqnîvkec"rctc"qtkgpvct"nc"ceekôp"tgiwncfqtc"fg"nqu"iqdkgtpqu"gp"uw"rtqrkq"dgpghkekq0

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35


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ß Gp"Cwuvtcnkc."gn"rtqeguq"fg"korncpvcekôp"fg"nc"GRC"ug"rtqfweg"c"hkpcngu"fg"nqu"pqxgp/vc"{"ug"jc"fgucttqnncfq"fg"ocpgtc"ow{"jgvgtqiêpgc"fcfc"uw"tîikfc"guvtwevwtc"hgfgtcn0Cevwcnogpvg."gn"rtq{gevq"fg"ng{"hgfgtcn Health Legislation Amendment (Midwives andNurse Practitioners) Bill 2009."crtqdcfq"gp"hgdtgtq"fg"4232"rqt"gn"Ugpcfq"{"rgpfkgp/vg"fg"uw"crtqdcekôp"fghkpkvkxc"rqt"gn"Eqpitguq."wpkhkectâ"ncu"tgiwncekqpgu"guvcvcngu"rgt/okvkgpfq" c" vqfcu" ncu" PR." fgpvtq" fg" nqu" nîokvgu" {" eqpfkekqpgu" tgiwncfcu" rqt" nc" ng{.uqnkekvct"rtwgdcu"fkcipôuvkecu."rtguetkdkt"ogfkecogpvqu"{"tghgtkt"rcekgpvgu"c"oêfkequgurgekcnkuvcu." vqfq" gnnq"fgpvtq"fg" nqu" guswgocu" cukuvgpekcngu" {"fg"rtguvcekqpgu"fg" ncucpkfcf"rûdnkec"cwuvtcnkcpc"(Medicare)0"Rgtq" vcorqeq"gp"gn"ecuq"fg"Cwuvtcnkc"rwgfgjcdnctug"fg"wp"itcp"fgucttqnnq"ewcpvkvcvkxq."{c"swg"gp"cdtkn"fg"422;."ugiûp"nc"AustralianNursing Federation, crgpcu"jcdîc"592"PR"gpvtg"ncu"crtqzkocfcogpvg"3:20222"gphgt/ogtcu"gp"cevkxq."nq"swg"tgrtgugpvc"crgpcu"wp"2.4'0

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36


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Gp"4229."gn"Okpkuvgtkq"fg"Ucnwf"gpxkô"cn"Rctncogpvq"wp"fqewogpvq"uqdtg"nc"pgegukfcffg" wpc" pwgxc" tgiwncekôp" fg" ncu" rtqhgukqpgu" ucpkvctkcu." fqpfg" cfgoâu" ugòcncdc" ewânfgdgtîc"ugt"gn"ecokpq"c"ugiwkt<"›Gn"Iqdkgtpq"guvâ"fg"cewgtfq"gp"swg"nqu"tgiwncfqtgu"fgecfc"rtqhgukôp"ucpkvctkc"pq"oêfkec"*000+"fgdgtâp"fgucttqnnct."ewcpfq"ugc"pgeguctkq"*000+guvâpfctgu"rctc"nqu"pkxgngu"uwrgtkqtgu"fgn"glgtekekq"rtqhgukqpcn."gurgekcnogpvg"rctc"ncrtâevkec"cxcp|cfc"fg"nc"gphgtogtîcfi"*FqJ."4229<59+0"Rgtq"vtgu"còqu"fgurwêu"wp"kphqt/og"gurgeîhkecogpvg"gpecticfq"rqt"gn"Rtkogt"Okpkuvtq"vkgpg"swg"xqnxgt"c"kpuvct"cn"POErctc"swg"rtqegfc"c"tgiwnct"nc"GRC"*FqJ."4232+0

Gp"ewcnswkgt"ecuq."nq"ekgtvq"gu"swg"gp"gn"Tgkpq"Wpkfq"gn"fgdcvg"uqdtg"nc"rtâevkec"cxcp/|cfc" fg" nc" gphgtogtîc" ug" gpewgpvtc" gp" wp" xgtfcfgtq" rwpvq"owgtvq." fcfq" swg" fgufggpvqpegu"pq"jc"jcdkfq"fgucttqnnq"cniwpq"egpvtcnk|cfq"uqdtg"guvg"cuwpvq0"Uî"nq"jc"jcdk/

37


fq." eqoq" xgtgoqu." uqdtg" nc" hcoquc" rtguetkrekôp" gphgtogtc." curgevq" swg" fg" cniwpcocpgtc"ug"jc"eqpxgtvkfq"gp"wp"uwegfâpgq<"Ànc"rtâevkec"cxcp|cfc"ukipkhkec"gp"tgcnkfcfswg"cniwpcu"gphgtogtcu"rwgfcp"tgegvct"cniwpqu"ogfkecogpvquA

El modelo inglés de carrera profesional para la enfermería

Qvtq"fgucttqnnq"dtkvâpkeq"tgncekqpcfq."cwpswg"fkuvkpvq."kpvgtgucpvg"{"fkipq"fg"cvgp/ekôp."ug"rtqfweg"wp"rqeq"cpvgu"fgn"white paper swg"jgoqu"tgxkucfq0"Gp"4228."wpckpkekcvkxc"fg"nqu"Chief Nursing Officer fg"Gueqekc."Icngu."Kpincvgttc""g"Ktncpfc"fgnPqtvg"*cnvqu"hwpekqpctkqu"fg"uwu"eqttgurqpfkgpvgu"fgrctvcogpvqu"fg"ucnwf+"gu"cfqr/vcfc"rqt"gn"Okpkuvgtkq"fg"Ucnwf."swg"rwdnkec"gn"fqewogpvq"›Oqfgtpk|cpfq"ncu"ecttg/tcu"gphgtogtcufi"*FqJ."4228+0"Wp"còq"fgurwêu."wp"fqewogpvq"fg"eqpuwnvc"owejqoâu"gurgeîhkeq"uqdtg"nc"ecttgtc"rtqhgukqpcn"rctc"nc"gphgtogtîc"rquitcfwcfc"*FqJ.4229+"rtqrqpg"wp"oqfgnq"fg"ecttgtc"swg"ug"ctvkewnctîc"uqdtg"ekpeq"tgeqttkfqu<"gphgt/ogtîc"fg"hcoknkc"{"ucnwf"rûdnkec="wtigpekcu="cukuvgpekc"uqekqucpkvctkc="ewkfcfqu"ciw/fqu"{"etîvkequ="{"ucnwf"ogpvcn"{"rukequqekcn0"Guvq"uwrqpg"gp"tgcnkfcf"wp"oqfgnq"fggurgekcnk|cekôp" cxcp|cfc" swg" tgewgtfc" dcuvcpvg" c" pwguvtc" ng{" fg" gurgekcnkfcfgugphgtogtcu"fg"4227="rgtq"uônq"gp"nc"hqtoc."gn"hqpfq"gu"owejq"oâu"kpvgtgucpvg0

["gu"kpvgtgucpvg"rqt"vtgu"oqvkxqu<

ß Rqtswg"ug"vtcvc"fg"wp"oqfgnq"fg"ecttgtc"rctc"vqfqu"nqu"guvcogpvqu"gphgtogtqu."gufgekt." vtcuncfâpfqnq"c"pwguvtc" vgtokpqnqiîc" kpenwktîc"c"cwzknkctgu"fg"gphgtogtîc.gphgtogtcu"fg"ewkfcfqu"igpgtcngu."gurgekcnkuvcu"{"fg"rtâevkec"cxcp|cfc."c"nq"nctiqfg"wp"tgeqttkfq"eqoûp"fg"pwgxg"pkxgngu0

ß Rqtswg" gn" tgeqpqekokgpvq" fg" guvqu" pwgxg" pkxgngu" guvâ" nkicfq" vcpvq" cn" ceeguq" cpkxgngu"hqtocvkxqu"eqoq"nc"hqtocekôp"gphgtogtc."eqoq"c"nc"cfswkukekôp"fg"jcdk/nkfcfgu"{"eqorgvgpekcu."gu"fgekt."nc"rtâevkec"gphgtogtc0

ß ["hkpcnogpvg"rqtswg"nc"ecttgtc"ug"tgcnk|c"gp"wpq"fg"nqu"ekpeq"tgeqttkfqu"ekvcfqu.gxkvcpfq"cuî"gn"fgurtqrôukvq"fg"swg"wpc"gphgtogtc"swg"jc"cnecp|cfq"gn"pkxgn"oâucnvq" c" vtcxêu" fg" wp" fgugorgòq" gzenwukxcogpvg" jqurkvcnctkq" qdvgpic" wp" pwgxqgorngq"gp"cvgpekôp"rtkoctkc."rqt"glgornq."{"nngxg"gp"nc"dcvc"uw"itcfq"fg"ecttgtc.c"rguct"fg"ugt"wpc"xgtfcfgtc"pgôhkvc"gp"guvc"âtgc"cukuvgpekcn0

Tguwokgpfq." rtâevkecogpvg" vqfqu" nqu" rcîugu" fgucttqnncfqu" jcp" crquvcfq"oâu" q"ogpqufgekfkfcogpvg"rqt"rqvgpekct"nc"gphgtogtîc"eqoq"rtqhgukôp"eqp"wpc"rqukekôp"oâu"egpvtcn{"wpcu"hwpekqpgu"{"tqngu"oâu"cxcp|cfqu"swg"nqu"vtcfkekqpcngu."gu"fgekt."rqt"wpc"gphgtog/tîc"fg"rtâevkec"cxcp|cfc0"Pq"ogpqu"ekgtvq"gu"swg"gn"korcevq"ewcpvkvcvkxq"fg"guvcu"rqnîvkecugu"tcswîvkeq0"Gp"vqfq"ecuq."cpcnk|cpfq"ncu"gzrgtkgpekcu"kpvgtpcekqpcngu"rqfgoqu"guvcdng/egt"ncu"vtgu"guvtcvgikcu"swg"ug"jcp"fgucttqnncfq"rctc"ewdtkt"guvg"qdlgvkxq<

38


ß Etgct"pkejqu"rtqhgukqpcngu"gurgeîhkequ"swg"uqp"qewrcfqu"rqt"wpc"ênkvg"gphgtogtc"swgfgugorgòc" hwpekqpgu" jîdtkfcu"oêfkeq/gphgtogtcu" eqp" wpc" fgrgpfgpekc" hwpekqpcn" {qtiâpkec"fg"nqu"oêfkequ"dcuvcpvg"nczc"gp"âodkvqu"igqitâhkequ."uqekcngu"q"cukuvgpekcnguow{"gurgeîhkequ."fghkekvctkcogpvg"ewdkgtvqu"rqt"nqu"oêfkequ0

ß Cornkct" ncu" hwpekqpgu"{"rtqegfkokgpvqu"enkpkeqcukuvgpekcngu"swg"eqp"ectâevgt"igpgtcnrqftîcp"crnkect"vqfcu"ncu"gphgtogtcu"gp"âodkvqu"cukuvgpekcngu"gurgeîhkequ"ogfkcpvg"wprtqeguq"fg"gurgekcnk|cekôp"eqorgvgpekcn."rqt"glgornq."ncu"gurgekcnkfcfgu"fg"gphgtogtîc0

ß Cornkct"ncu"hwpekqpgu"{"rtqegfkokgpvqu"enkpkeqcukuvgpekcngu"swg"eqp"ectâevgt"rctvkew/nct"rqftîcp"crnkect"cniwpcu"gphgtogtcu"gp"âodkvqu"cukuvgpekcngu"igpgtcngu"ogfkcpvg"wprtqeguq"fg"ecrcekvcekôp"hwpekqpcn."rqt"glgornq."nc"rtguetkrekôp"gphgtogtc"q"nqu"pwgxquoqfgnqu"fg"CR+0

Rcucoqu"cjqtc"c"cpcnk|ct"nc"rtguetkrekôp"gphgtogtc"eqoq"ogvâhqtc"fg"ncu"eqpvtcfkeekqpgukpvgtpcu"swg"fgdgtâ"tguqnxgt"nc"gphgtogtîc"rctc"fghkpkt"uw"tgeqttkfq"hwvwtq"fgpvtq"fg"ncurtqhgukqpgu"ucpkvctkcu0

1.3 El caso de la prescripción enfermera

Nc"rtguetkrekôp"gphgtogtc"tguwnvc"wp"âodkvq"fg"tghngzkôp"ow{"kpvgtgucpvg"{"ow{"fg"cevwc/nkfcf"gp"Gurcòc0"Rqt"wp"ncfq."ug"vtcvc."ukp"fwfc."fg"wp"gngogpvq"egpvtcn"fg"nc"GRC."rgtqrqt"qvtq"ug"uwrqpg"swg"nc"GRC"pq"gu"uônq"wpc"gphgtogtc"swg"rtguetkdg."ukpq"owejq"oâu0Rctc"gn"POE."gzkuvgp"pwgxg"eqorgvgpekcu"dâukecu"ectcevgtîuvkecu"fg"nc"GRC"{"nc"rtguetkr/ekôp"fg"ogfkecogpvqu"gu"uônq"wpc"fg"gnncu"*POE."4227+0"Uqp"{c"dcuvcpvgu"nqu"rcîugu"swgjcp"ngikuncfq"cegtec"fg"nc"rtguetkrekôp"gphgtogtc0"Gp"cniwpqu"fg"gnnqu."eqoq"Cwuvtcnkc.Ecpcfâ"q"Pwgxc"\gncpfc."nc"ecrcekfcf"ngicn"fg"rtguetkdkt"guvâ"nkokvcfc"gzenwukxcogpvg"cnqu"PR0"Qvtqu"rcîugu."eqoq"Ktncpfc."fqpfg"c"eqokgp|qu"fg"4232"crgpcu"gzkuvîcp"377"gphgt/ogtcu"eqp"ecrcekfcf"rtguetkrvqtc"*Cfcou"et al.."4232+."q"Gurcòc."fqpfg"uônq"ug"jc"fg"/ucttqnncfq"gp" nc"rtâevkec"gp" nc"Eqowpkfcf"Cwvôpqoc"fg"Cpfcnweîc." ug"jcp"wpkfq"ow{tgekgpvgogpvg"cn"enwd"fg"rcîugu"swg"jcp"tgiwncfq"nc"rtguetkrekôp"gphgtogtc0

C"rguct"fg"ncu"fkhkewnvcfgu"swg"ukiwgp"gzkuvkgpfq"gp"gn"Tgkpq"Wpkfq"c"nc"jqtc"fg"ngikvkoct{" eqpuqnkfct" nc"GRC" gp" nc" rtâevkec." cuî" eqoq" nc" hkiwtc" gurgeîhkec" fgn"Advanced NursePractitioner, rctcfôlkecogpvg"hwg"guvg"rcîu."vtcu"nqu"Guvcfqu"Wpkfqu."wp"xgtfcfgtq"rkqpg/tq." lwpvq"eqp"Uwgekc."gp"tgiwnct" ncu"ecrcekfcfgu"rtguetkrvqtcu"fg"ncu"gphgtogtcu"{"gp"ncetgc"ekôp"fg"nc"hkiwtc"rtqhgukqpcn"fg"gphgtogtc"rtguetkrvqtc"(nurse prescriber)0"

Nc"rtkogtc"{"vîokfc"tgiwncekôp"fg"nc"rtguetkrekôp"gphgtogtc"gp"gn"Tgkpq"Wpkfq"ug"rtqfw/eg"gp"3;;4"eqp"nc"nncocfc"Nurse Prescription Act, swg"eqogp|ô"c"crnkectug"gp"3;;60"Ncrtkogtc"nkuvc"fg"ogfkecogpvqu"rgtokvkfqu"gtc"ow{"eqtvc"{"ugpeknnc."rgtq"eqoq"eqpugewgp/

39


ekc"fg"ncu"tgeqogpfcekqpgu"fgn Crown Report *PJU."3;;;+"ug"jc"kfq"cornkcpfq"jcuvc"eqp/vgpgt"rtâevkecogpvg"nqu"okuoqu"ogfkecogpvqu"swg"rwgfgp"rtguetkdkt"nqu"oêfkequ."gzegr/vq" cniwpc"ftqicu" eqpvtqncfcu0"Guq" uî." guvq" gu"rctc" nc"oâu" cnvc" fg" ncu" vtgu" ecvgiqtîcu"fggphgtogtcu" rtguetkrvqtcu" (nurse independent prescriber)0" Nc" ecvgiqtîc" kphgtkqt" {" oâugzvgpfkfc"(community practitioner nurse prescriber) vkgpg"wp"ceeguq"gpqtogogpvg"tgfw/ekfq"{"fg"ectâevgt"ow{"dâukeq."ogfkecogpvqu" ukp" tgegvc"{"ceeguqtkqu."dâukecogpvg0"Nchkiwtc"kpvgtogfkc"gu"nc"fg supplementary prescriber.

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3:


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ß Ocpfc"wp"ogpuclg"c" nc"rqfgtquc"rtqhgukôp"oêfkec"fg"swg"pq"jc{"pkpiûp"rtkxkngikqkpvqecdng0

ß Rgtokvg"c"nc"kpfwuvtkc"hctoceêwvkec"tghqt|ct"uw"cevwcn"›ewgtrq"fg"xgpvcufi."rtkpekrcnogp/vg"nqu"oêfkequ."eqp"okngu"fg"gphgtogtcu"*Oc{pctf."4228="Lwvgn"{"Ogpmgu."422:+0

1.4 Los nuevos roles y sus efectos en los mapas profesionales

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3;


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42


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43


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44


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Rqt"qvtq"ncfq."nqu"curgevqu"tgncekqpcngu"fg"nc"cvgpekôp"ucpkvctkc."{c"ugcp"nqu"ewkfcfqu"gphgt/ogtqu." nc" tgncekôp" vgtcrêwvkec"oêfkeq/rcekgpvg"q"fg"ewcnswkgt"qvtq" vkrq"uqp"uwocogpvgfkhîekngu"fg"qdlgvkxct"{"ogfkt"{."rqt"vcpvq."fg"gxcnwct"eqp"tgurgevq"c"uw"ghkecekc."rtqfwevk/xkfcf"q"tgpvcdknkfcf"*Cnftkfig."3;;6+0"Guvq"jceg"swg"ug"rqukekqpgp"eqoq"ocvgtkcn"rgthge/vcogpvg"fgugejcdng"gp"oqogpvqu"fg"tkiwtqukfcf"hkpcpekgtc"{"nkokvcekôp"fg"nqu"tgewtuqu0Ewcpfq"guq"eqpuvkvw{g"gn"ethos fg"wpc"rtqhgukôp."gp"vqtpq"cn"ewcn"ug"ctvkewnc"uw"qhgtvc"rtq/hgukqpcn."nc"ukvûc"gp"wpc"rqukekôp"fg"ogtecfq"ow{"htâikn0

Cniq"swg" gn" ugevqt" rtkxcfq"fguewdtkô"jceg"{c"dcuvcpvg" vkgorq"gu" swg" gn" fgurnkgiwg"fgtgewtuqu" jwocpqu" pgeguctkq" rctc" swg" ncu" gphgtogtcu" cfokpkuvtctcp" rncpgu" fg" ewkfcfqujqnîuvkequ"rctc"ecfc"rcekgpvg"gtc"wp"nwlq"swg"uônq"rqfîc"rgtokvktug"gn"ugevqt"rûdnkeq."rtg/ekucogpvg"rqtswg"guvg"vkrq"fg"rtguvcekqpgu"goqekqpcngu"ng"fkhgtgpekcdcp"fgn"ugevqt"rtkxc/fq"{"ng"ugtxîcp"rctc"ngikvkoctug"uqekcnogpvg"eqoq"ugtxkekq"rûdnkeq0"Rgtq"eqp"nqu"cevwcngurtqdngocu"fg"uquvgpkdknkfcf"hkpcpekgtc."gu"oâu"swg"rqukdng"swg"gorkgeg"c"ugt"rgtekdkfqeqoq"wp"nwlq"vcodkêp"gp"gn"ugevqt"rûdnkeq"*Fc{mkp"{"Enctmg."4222+0

Cwpswg"gu"ekgtvq"swg"wpc"rctvg"ow{"korqtvcpvg"fgn"ewkfcfq"fg"nqu"rcekgpvgu"rqugg"wpqueqorqpgpvgu"vêepkequ"swg"tgswkgtgp"wpc"cnvc"ewcnkhkecekôp."pq"nq"gu"ogpqu"swg"wpc"rctvgfg"ncu"hwpekqpgu"swg"tgcnk|cp"jq{"ncu"gphgtogtcu"vkvwncfcu"rqftîc"ugt"gpecticfq"ukp"pkpiûprtqdngoc"hwpekqpcn"c"rgtuqpcn"ogpqu"ewcnkhkecfq"*Htcpeku"{"Jworjtg{u."3;;;="Vjqtpng{.4223+0"Fg"jgejq."gp"gn"Tgkpq"Wpkfq"{c"gzkuvgp"ewttîewnqu"hqtocvkxqu"dâukequ"wpkxgtukvc/tkqu"(foundation degrees) fg"fqu"còqu"rctc"hqtoct"c"nqu"associate practitioners, wpc"gurg/ekcnk|cekôp"fg"nc"nurse assistant, eqoq"ug"fgpqokpc"vtcfkekqpcnogpvg"gp"nc"oc{qt"rctvgfgn"owpfq"cpinquclôp"⁄gp"Guvcfqu"Wpkfqu"rtgfqokpc"nurse aid⁄"c"pwguvtc" cwzknkct"fggphgtogtîc"*Ncy"{"Ctcpfc."422;="Ycvuqp"{"Ujkgnf."422;+0

Gzkuvgp"gxkfgpekcu"cegtec"fg"nc"korqtvcpekc"{"egpvtcnkfcf"swg"nqu"ewkfcfqu"gphgtogtqu"vkg/pgp" gp" gn" vtcdclq" fgn" rgtuqpcn" cwzknkct" fg" gphgtogtîc" *Ycnvgtu" et al.." 3;;:=" Fc{mkp" {Enctmg."4222="Tcmqxumk"{"Rtkeg/In{pp."422;="Dcej"et al.."4232+."eqphktocpfq"swg"gp"gngequkuvgoc"fg"ewkfcfqu"fg"gphgtogtîc"gzkuvg"oâu"fg"wpc"gurgekg."rqt"ow{"fqokpcpvg"swgugc"nc"jgigoôpkec0"Gp"ewcnswkgt"ecuq."fgvgtokpct"ewân"gu"nc"eqodkpcekôp"gphgtogtc/cwzk/nkct"oâu"ghkec|"{"ghkekgpvg" gp"ecfc"âodkvq"cukuvgpekcn" gu"ow{"eqornkecfq"fcfc" nc"itcpcodki°gfcf"gzkuvgpvg"gp"nc"fghkpkekôp"fg"nqu"eqttgurqpfkgpvgu"tqngu"fgpvtq"fg"nqu"gswkrqufg"gphgtogtîc"*Vjqtpng{."3;;7="Fc{mkp"{"Enctmg."4222="Cfcou"et al.."4222="Etquucp"{Hgtiwuqp."4227="Ejcdq{gt"et al.."422:+0

45


1.5 Algunas claves para distinguir los mitos y las realidades

Ncu"gphgtogtcu"guvâp"cfswktkgpfq"târkfcogpvg"pwgxqu"tqngu."eqorgvgpekcu"{"hwpekqpgu."gpowejqu"ecuqu"fgngicfcu"rqt"nqu"oêfkequ0"Vcodkêp"gp"Gurcòc"ugtâ"ukp"fwfc"cuî"ewcpfq"ugcnecpeg"ocuc"etîvkec"gp"nqu"kpekrkgpvgu"rtqeguqu"fg"fkxgtukhkecekôp"rtqhgukqpcn"swg"cpcnk|c/tgoqu"gp"nqu"ukiwkgpvgu"ecrîvwnqu0"Fcfq"swg"ug"vtcvc"fg"fgucttqnnqu"ow{"tgekgpvgu"gp"cswg/nnqu"rcîugu"swg"ewgpvcp"eqp"ukuvgocu"ucpkvctkqu"cukokncdngu"cn"pwguvtq."pq"guvâ"enctq"swg"gnnqxc{c"c"jcegt"oâu"hgnkegu"c"ncu"gphgtogtcu"{."fg"jgejq."eqokgp|c"c"jcdgt"cniûp"kpfkekq"fgswg"pq"gu"cuî."rqtswg"owejcu"fg"ncu"kornkecfcu"rgtekdgp"swg"ncu"pwgxcu"eqorgvgpekcu"ncucnglcp"fg"uw"kfgpvkfcf"rtqhgukqpcn"dâukec"{"ncu"eqpegpvtcp"gp"vctgcu"vêepkeq/rtqegfkogpvc/ngu"{"cfokpkuvtcvkxcu."ciwfk|cpfq"nc"ugpucekôp"fg"rêtfkfc"fg"kfgpvkfcf"gphgtogtc"{"cnglc/okgpvq"fg"nqu"ewkfcfqu"eqoq"glg"egpvtcn"fg"nc"rtqhgukôp"*Cfcou"et al.."4222="Tjêcwog.4225=" Tjêcwog" et al.." 4229=" Rgcteg{." 4232+0" Gp" gzrtgukôp" fg" Fqjgtv{" *422;<335;+.owejcu"gphgtogtcu"fg"rtâevkec"cxcp|cfc"ukgpvgp"swg"guvâp"›rgtfkgpfq"nc"gphgtogtîcfi"{"cnvkgorq"vgogp"swg"guvqu"tqngu"cxcp|cfqu"eqpukicp"nkswkfct"gp"ow{"rqequ"còqu"gn"ecrkvcn"swgnc"gphgtogtîc" nngxc"oâu"fg"wp"ukinq"cvguqtcpfq<"uw"egpvtcnkfcf"gzenwukxc"g" kpeqpvguvcdngfgpvtq"fg"nqu"ewkfcfqu"gphgtogtqu"*Ujkgnfu"{"Ycvuqp."4229+0"Uk"ncu"gphgtogtcu"ug"cnglcp"fgnewgtrq"fg"nqu"rcekgpvgu"*Fc{mkp"{"Enctmg."4222+"{"fglcp"swg"ug"crtqrkgp"fg"ên"qvtcu"qewrc/ekqpgu."fg"cniwpc"ocpgtc"jcdtâp"xgpfkfq"uw"cnoc"gphgtogtc"cn"fkcdnq"fg"nc"GRC0

Gp"ewcnswkgt"ecuq."vqfcu"ncu"gxkfgpekcu"crwpvcp"c"swg"gp"nqu"rcîugu"fgucttqnncfqu"nc"fkpâ/okec"fg"uwuvkvwekôp"fg"tqngu."hwpekqpgu"{"rtqegfkokgpvqu"oêfkequ"rqt"gphgtogtcu"fg"rtâe/vkec" cxcp|cfc" pq" uônq" ug" guvâ" eqpuqnkfcpfq." ukpq" vcodkêp" cegngtcpfq" *Ngyku." 4223=Dqfgpjgkogt."422:+0

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46


Nc"gphgtogtîc"rqugg."c"guvqu"ghgevqu."cniwpcu"ewcnkfcfgu"ow{"rtâevkecu<

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ß Guvâ"owejq"oglqt" ecrcekvcfc" rctc" gn" vtcdclq" gp" gswkrqu" kpvgtfkuekrnkpctkqu." rqtswgrqugg"wpc"xkukôp"oâu"fg"eqplwpvq"fg"nqu"rtqeguqu0

ß Pqtocnogpvg."gn"rguq"fg"nc"gphgtogtîc"fg"ewkfcfqu"igpgtcngu"gu"eqpvwpfgpvg."rqt"nqswg"gu"oâu"fkhîekn"swg"vtcvg"fg"rtgugtxct"vgttkvqtkqu"rctvkewnctgu0

ß Guvâ" kphkpkvcogpvg"oâu" cnglcfc." cn"ogpqu" fg"oqogpvq." fg" ncu" rgnkitqucu" tgncekqpgueqogtekcngu"eqp"nc"kpfwuvtkc0

ß Fgowguvtc"xgtfcfgtcu"cpukcu"fg"rtq{gevctug"oâu"cnnâ"fg"uwu"tqngu"vtcfkekqpcngu."rctc"nqewcn"guvâ"fkurwguvc"c"cuwokt"oâu"hâeknogpvg"ncu"gzkigpekcu"fg"ghgevkxkfcf"{"ghkekgpekcswg"ug"ngu"rncpvgg"rqt"rctvg"fg"ncu"qticpk|cekqpgu"ucpkvctkcu0

ß Hkpcnogpvg."pq"vkgpg"cngtikc"cn"guvcdngekokgpvq"fg"kpuvtwogpvqu"fg"gxcnwcekôp"rqtswg"nngxcogfkc"xkfc"vtcvcpfq"fg"swg"ug"xcnqtgp"gp"eqpfkekqpgu"uwu"crqtvcekqpgu"cukuvgpekcngu0

Rgtq"vcodkêp"jc{"swg"rtguvct"cvgpekôp"c"nc"qvtc"ectc"fg"nc"oqpgfc0"Nc"uwuvkvwekôp"fg"hwp/ekqpgu"gphgtogtcu"rqt"rgtuqpcn"ogpqu"ewcnkhkecfq"guvâ"eqogp|cpfq"c"rtqfwektug"{"cog/pc|c"eqp"igpgtcnk|ctug"fcfc"uw"enctc"tcekqpcnkfcf"hkpcpekgtc"*Ncy"{"Ctcpfc."422;+0"Rqtglgornq."gp"gn"Tgkpq"Wpkfq"jc"crctgekfq"wpc"pwgxc"ecvgiqtîc"rtqhgukqpcn"fg"ow{"fkhîeknvtcfweekôp"nkvgtcn"(operating department practitioner) swg"guvâ"uwuvkvw{gpfq"c"ncu"gphgtog/tcu"kpuvtwogpvkuvcu"gp"nqu"swktôhcpqu"*Vkooqpu"{"Vcppgt."4226="Mpggdqpg"{"Fct|k."4227+0"

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ß Jcekc"cttkdc."rqt"ncu"rtgukqpgu"fg"wpc"rctvg"ecfc"xg|"oâu"korqtvcpvg"fg"ncu"dcugu"rtq/hgukqpcngu"fg"gphgtogtîc."owejq"oglqt"hqtocfcu"swg"uwu"rtgfgeguqtcu"{"rqeq"fkurwgu/vcu"c"ugiwkt"vgpkgpfq"wpc"rqukekôp"uwdqtfkpcfc"{"fgrgpfkgpvg"fg"nc"ogfkekpc0

ß Fgufg"cdclq."rqtswg"gn"cuegpuq"igpgtcnk|cfq"fg"nc"gphgtogtîc"jcekc"wp"guswgoc"hqtoc/vkxq"dâukeq"swg"vqoc"eqoq"rwpvq"fg"rctvkfc"gn"itcfq"vkgpg"wp"fqdng"ghgevq0"Uk"dkgp."rqtwp"ncfq."tgfweg"nc"dtgejc"swg"nc"ugrctcdc"fg"ncu"vkvwncekqpgu"uwrgtkqtgu."rqt"qvtq"ncfq.cwogpvc"nc"swg"gzkuvg"eqp"gn"rgtuqpcn"cwzknkct"swg"kpgxkvcdngogpvg"pq"xc"c"rgtocpgegtcuî"owejq"vkgorq0"Gu"fgekt."guvc"vkgttc"fg"pcfkg"swg"ug"guvâ"etgcpfq"vgpfgtâ"c"ugt"uwu/vkvwkfc."dkgp"rqt"wpc"pwgxc"fgoctecekôp"qewrcekqpcn."dkgp"rqt"wpc"gxqnwekôp"fg" ncu

47


cevwcngu" cwzknkctgu" fg" gphgtogtîc" (nursing assistants, nurses-aids, practical nurses,healthcare assistants, assistant practitioners, aides soignants) jcekc"pwgxqu"tqngu"swgpgeguctkcogpvg"vgpftâp"swg"ugt"eqnqpk|cfqu"gp"vgttkvqtkqu"jcuvc"cjqtc"gzenwukxqu"fg"ncugphgtogtcu"*Fc{mkp"{"Enctmg."4222="Fcjng."4225="Dcej"et al.."4232+0

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ß Gn"rtkogtq"{"oâu"korqtvcpvg."nc"etgcekôp"fg"wp"xgtfcfgtq"gurcekq"gphgtogtq."nkfgtcfqrqt"ncu"gphgtogtcu."swg"kpeqtrqtg"c"vqfcu"ncu"rtqhgukqpgu"{"qewrcekqpgu"eqortqogvk/fcu"eqp"nqu"ewkfcfqu"cn"rcekgpvg0

ß Gp"ugiwpfq"nwict."ncu"gphgtogtcu"guvâp"rgthgevcogpvg"ecrcekvcfcu"rctc"kt"cuwokgpfqtqngu"etgekgpvgogpvg"korqtvcpvgu"fgpvtq"fg"nc"hwpekôp"fg"rwgtvc"fg"ceeguq"(gate-kee-ping) c"nqu"ugtxkekqu"fg"ucnwf"swg"vtcfkekqpcnogpvg"jc"tgecîfq"gp"nqu"oêfkequ"fg"hcok/nkc"{"nqu"OKT"jqurkvcnctkqu0"Fg"jgejq."gp"cniwpqu"rcîugu."eqoq"GG"WW"q"Cwuvtcnkc."gnetkdcfq"gp" ncu"wtigpekcu"jqurkvcnctkcu"gu"tgcnk|cfq"ecuk"rqt"eqorngvq"rqt"gphgtogtcugurgekcnk|cfcu"gp"guvc"vctgc"q"PR"*Lgppkpiu"et al.."422:="Tggxgu"et al.."422;+0

ß Hkpcnogpvg."nc"gphgtogtîc"fgdgtîc"curktct"c"ugt"nc"dkucitc"uqdtg"nc"swg"ug"ctvkewncp"vqfqunqu"fgoâu"ugtxkekqu"{"rtqhgukqpgu"gp"nqu"rtqeguqu"cukuvgpekcngu0"Gu"rqt"guvg"oqvkxq"swgug"guvâ"uwiktkgpfq"eqoq"wpq"fg"nqu"glgu"egpvtcngu"uqdtg"nqu"ewcngu"rqftîc"ctvkewnctug"wprcrgn"oâu"fgekukxq"fg"nc"gphgtogtîc"fgpvtq"fg"nqu"ugtxkekqu"fg"ucnwf."gn"tqn"fg"›ogfkc/fqtfi"*Cnngp."4226+."›cigpvg"fg"eqpgevkxkfcffi"*Rgcteg"et al.."4232+."›hceknkvcfqt"fg"ewk/fcfqufi"*Jco."4232+."›iguvqt"fg"ecuqufi"*Dgtigp."3;;4="\cpfgt."4224+"q"›gphgtogtc"fggpncegfi"*Eqpvgn"Ugiwtc."422:="Dcvtgu"Ukeknkc"et al.."422;+0

La enfermería en el acceso de los pacientes a los servicios de salud

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48


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1.6 El futuro: nuevas oportunidades, nuevas responsabilidades

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49


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4:


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4;


52


2. La larga marcha de la enfermería española: de ocupación a profesión

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2.1 Del franquismo a la democracia

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52

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53


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2.2 El lustro de oro de la enfermería española

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Hkpcnogpvg."gp"3;:9"vkgpg"nwict"nq"swg"rqftîc"jcdgt"ukfq"nc"dtknncpvg"ewnokpcekôp"fg"guvgnwuvtq"fg"qtq"fg"nc"gphgtogtîc"gurcòqnc."swg"eqogp|ô"gp"3;:50"Nc"crtqdcekôp"fgn"TgcnFgetgvq";;413;:9."fg"5"fg"lwnkq."swg"tgiwnc"gn"ceeguq"cn"vîvwnq"fg"gphgtogtq"gurgekcnkuvc.cwpswg"gnwfg"ogpekqpct"nc"rcncdtc"tgukfgpekc."guvcdngeg"wp"ukuvgoc"fg"ceeguq"cn"vîvwnq"fggurgekcnkuvc"ukoknct"cn"fg"nqu"OKT."{c"swg"etgc"nc"hkiwtc"fg"ncu"wpkfcfgu"fqegpvgu"fg"gphgt/ogtîc0"Gn"TF"etgc"ukgvg"gurgekcnkfcfgu"{"qhtgeg"wpc"xîc"qtfkpctkc"fg"eqpxcnkfcekôp"fg"nqucpvkiwqu"fkrnqocu"fg"Gurgekcnkuvc"rqt"nqu"pwgxqu"vîvwnqu"fg"gphgtogtq"gurgekcnkuvc0

C"rctvkt"fg"cswî."nqu"ceqpvgekokgpvqu"ug"uwegfgp"fg"ocpgtc"wp"vcpvq"gzvtcòc0"Gn"TF"rtg/xgîc" nc" etgcekôp" fg" wpc" Eqokukôp" Pcekqpcn" fg" ecfc" gurgekcnkfcf" {" fg" wp" EqpuglqPcekqpcn"fg"Gurgekcnkfcfgu."swg"ugtîc"gn"ôticpq"fg"kpvgtnqewekôp"eqp"ncu"cwvqtkfcfgu"gfw/ecvkxcu0"Cnwfkgpfq"c"nc"kpgzkuvgpekc"fg"gurgekcnkuvcu"gp"vqfcu"ncu"gurgekcnkfcfgu."{c"swg

56

57


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2.3 La travesía del desierto

Pq"gu"hâekn"ucdgt"uk"gzkuvg"cniûp"vkrq"fg"tgncekôp"ecwucn."rgtq"gn"okuoq"còq"fg"nc"etgcekôpfgn"htwuvtcfq"Eqokvê"Cuguqt"fg"Gurgekcnkfcfgu"*3;::+."swg"ug"gpectic"fg"jkdgtpct"gn"fg"/ucttqnnq" fg" ncu" gurgekcnkfcfgu" gphgtogtcu." vqoc" gn" rqfgt" gp" gn" Eqpuglq" Igpgtcn" fgGphgtogtîc"*fgpqokpcekôp"cevwcn+"nc"eqcnkekôp"eqpugtxcfqtc"swg"jq{."44"còqu"fgurwêu.ug"ocpvkgpg"cûp"cn"htgpvg"fg"nc"qticpk|cekôp"eqngikcn"{"swg"jc"eqpugiwkfq"eqpuqnkfct"wpcuguvtwevwtcu"eqngikcngu"gzvtgocfcogpvg"rgtuqpcnkuvcu."igtqpvqetâvkecu"{"ocuewnkpk|cfcu6.ow{"ogtecpvknkuvcu"{"qrcecu."fqpfg"nqu"kpvgtgugu"rgtuqpcngu"{"eqtrqtcvkxqu"ug"gpvtgxgtcp{"c"xgegu"uqp"kpfkuvkpiwkdngu."cpvg"gn"fgufêp"kpeqpuekgpvg."cwpswg"pq"kpeqortgpukdng."fgnitwguq"fg"nc"rtqhgukôp."gp"uw"oc{qtîc"qdnkicfc"c"rgtocpgegt"eqngikcfc"{"cdqpct"tgnkikq/ucogpvg"uwu"ewqvcu0"Uônq"gp"ewcvtq"fg"ncu"39"EE"CC"gzkuvg"nkdgtvcf"fg"eqngikcekôp"rctcnqu"rtqhgukqpcngu"gorngcfqu"rqt"gn"ukuvgoc"ucpkvctkq"rûdnkeq0

Vcodkêp"gp"gn"vgttgpq"ukpfkecn"ug"rtqfweg"c"hkpcngu"fg"nqu"qejgpvc"wp"xwgneq."cwpswg"pqvcp"eqpugtxcfqt."eqpugewgpekc"fgn"gpvtgetw|cokgpvq"fg"xctkcu"fkpâokecu<"nqu"xkglqu"ukp/

6 Gp"wpc"rtqhgukôp"gp"nc"ewcn"gn":6'"fg"uwu"okgodtqu"uqp"owlgtgu."54"fg"nqu"74"rtgukfgpvgu"eqngikcngurtqxkpekcngu"*gn"84'="gp"Ucvug."uônq"gn"66'+"{"34"fg"uwu"39"rtgukfgpvgu"cwvqpôokequ"*gn"93'="gn"75'gp"Ucvug+"uqp"jqodtgu0"Fg"nqu"qejq"okgodtqu"fg"nc"rtqrkc"Eqokukôp"Glgewvkxc"fgn"EIG."ukgvg"*gn"::'=gn"65'"gp"Ucvug+"uqp"jqodtgu0"Rqt"uwrwguvq."pq"jc{"swg"ogvgt"gp"gn"okuoq"uceq"c"vqfqu"nqu"eqngikqu*rqt"glgornq."gp"gn"fg"ıncxc"vqfqu"nqu"okgodtqu"fg"uw"Lwpvc"fg"Iqdkgtpq"uqp"owlgtgu"{"dcuvcpvg"lôxg/pgu"gp"igpgtcn+."rgtq"wpc"târkfc"qlgcfc"cpvtqrqoôthkec"fgn"gpvtcocfq"fktgevkxq"eqngikcn"owguvtc"swgpq"gzkuvg"gp"ên"fgocukcfc"›gphgtogtq/fkxgtukfcffi<"fqokpc"enctcogpvg"gn"rtqvqvkrq"fg"jqodtg"oc{qt0

58


fkecnkuvcu"gphgtogtqu"jcp"ceegfkfq"c"tgurqpucdknkfcfgu"fktgevkxcu"gp"nqu"egpvtqu"ucpkvc/tkqu"{"fgdgp."rqt"vcpvq."cfokpkuvtct"nqu"tgewtuqu"{"ncu"rqnîvkecu"gp"wpc"êrqec"ectcevgtk|c/fc" rqt" wp" hwgtvg" fêhkekv" ucpkvctkq" {" wpc" rqnîvkecu" rtguwrwguvctkcu"ow{" tguvtkevkxcu" swgvtcvcp"fg"tgeqpfwekt"wpc"fkpâokec"hwgtvgogpvg"kphncekqpkuvc"gp"gn"icuvq"ucpkvctkq"rûdnkeq0Swkgpgu"jceg"wpc"fêecfc"gtcp"ukpfkecnkuvcu"tgkxkpfkecvkxqu."jq{"uqp"swkgpgu"igpgtcp"rtg/ectkgfcf" ncdqtcn"{"eqpfkekqpgu" ncdqtcngu"guvtgucpvgu0"Nqu" ukpfkecvqu"fg"encug"fg"fqpfgrtqegfgp"ug"ukgpvgp"cvtcrcfqu"rqt"uw"ceeguq"cn"rqfgt"{"rkgtfgp"hwgt|c"tgkxkpfkecvkxc0"Gnfgurtguvkikq"fg"nqu"cpvkiwqu"nîfgtgu."jq{"fktgevkxqu"fg"gphgtogtîc."cttcuvtc"vcodkêp"c"nqukpcevkxqu"ukpfkecvqu"fg"encug"{"igpgtc"wp"jwgeq"swg"ugtâ"tgnngpcfq"rqt"wp"rgswgòq"ukpfk/ecvq"hqtocfq"gp"3;:8"rqt"wp"rwòcfq"fg"gphgtogtqu"c"swkgpgu"ug"vtcvc"fg"gejct"fg"nqu"ugt/xkekqu"egpvtcngu"jqurkvcnctkqu"rctc"uwuvkvwktnqu"rqt"vêepkequ"gurgekcnkuvcu0"

Vcodkêp"ug"gzrnkec"guvg"xwgneq"ukpfkecn"rqt"fgvgtokpcfcu"rqnîvkecu"fg"iguvkôp"swg"ug"xcpeqpuqnkfcpfq"rqeq"c"rqeq"c"pkxgn"nqecn."eqoq"gn"cdwuq"ukuvgoâvkeq"fgn"tgewtuq"c"nc"eqp/vtcvcekôp"vgorqtcn."swg"jceg"swg"egtec"fgn"52'"fg"ncu"gphgtogtcu"guvêp"gpvqpegu"nkicfcurqt"eqpvtcvqu"vgorqtcngu."gxgpvwcngu"q"kpvgtkpqu0"Cn"rgtuqpcn"oâu"lqxgp."gn"swg"vtcvc"fgkpeqtrqtctug"c"nc"xkfc"ncdqtcn"vtcu"fglct"ncu"guewgncu"wpkxgtukvctkcu"fg"gphgtogtîc"*GWG+.gorkg|c"c"equvctng"owejqu"oâu"còqu"cewownct"nqu"rwpvqu"pgeguctkqu"rctc"ceegfgt"c"ncrnc|c"hklc"{."cfgoâu."uk"cpvgu"nq"oâu"pqtocn"gu"swg"gn"rgtuqpcn"gxgpvwcn"q"uwuvkvwvq"gpnc/|ctc"eqpvtcvqu"gp"wp"okuoq"egpvtq."c"nc"gurgtc"fg"nc"eqpuqnkfcekôp"fgn"rwguvq."nc"tgcnkfcfcjqtc"gu"oâu"kpitcvc0"Gorkg|c"c"jcdgt"fgugorngq."rwguvq"swg"nc"rtqfweekôp"fg"rtqhgukq/pcngu"ug"jc"cegngtcfq"gp"nqu"còqu"rcucfqu."ewguvc"oâu"gpnc|ct"wpqu"eqpvtcvqu"swg."cfg/oâu." uqp"oâu" eqtvqu"rqt" gn" gorngq"rtgfqokpcpvg"fg" nc" hkiwtc"fgn" uwuvkvwvq"swg" nc"fgngxgpvwcn"q"kpvgtkpq."{"jc{"swg"kt"tqvcpfq"rqt"nqu"egpvtqu"swg"nqu"dctgoqu"fg"ncu"dqnucu"fggorngq"tguwnvgp"gp"ecfc"oqogpvq0

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Gp"3;9;"ug"etgc"nc"Cuqekcekôp"Gurcòqnc"fg"Gphgtogtîc"Fqegpvg"*CGGF+."swg"cinwvkpc"cgphgtogtcu"fqegpvgu"fg"ncu"GWG"rgtq"uqdtg"vqfq"fg"ncu"wpkfcfgu"fg"hqtocekôp"eqpvkpwc/fc"jqurkvcnctkcu0"Gp"vqtpq"c"guvc"qticpk|cekôp"{"eqp"gn"xgjîewnq"kpguvkocdng"fg"nc"tgxkuvcROL de Enfermería."ug"igpgtô"gp"ow{"rqeq"vkgorq"nc"ocuc"etîvkec"pgeguctkc"rctc"swg"ncxkukôp"fg"wpc"rtqhgukôp"gphgtogtc"oqfgtpc."fkhgtgpekcfc"{"tgurgvcfc"fglctc"fg"eqpukfg/tctug" cniq"ogtcogpvg" xkukqpctkq" {" eqogp|ctc" c" vqoct" ewgtrq."oqxknk|cpfq" c" cornkquugevqtgu"fg"nc"rtqhgukôp"{"igpgtcpfq"wpc"xgtfcfgtc"kfgqnqiîc"gphgtogtc"swg"rcuô"târkfc/ogpvg"c"ugt"jgigoôpkec."gn"rctcfkioc"fg"wpc"pwgxc"gvcrc."fg"wpc"pwgxc"rtqhgukôp0

59


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5:


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2.4 La posición de imagen de la enfermería española

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7 Rqt"guvtkevq"qtfgp"cnhcdêvkeq<"Cuqekcekôp"Gurcòqnc"fg"Fktgevkxqu"fg"Gphgtogtîc"*CGFG+."Cuqekcekôp"Gurcòqnc"fg"Gphgtogtîc"Fqegpvg"*CGGF+."Eqphgtgpekc"fg"Fktgevqtgu"fg"Guewgncu"Wpkxgtukvctkcu"fgGphgtogtîc"*EPFGWG+"{"Ukpfkecvq"fg"Gphgtogtîc/Ucvug0

8 Gn"cwvqt"fg"guvg"fqewogpvq"hwg"gn"eqqtfkpcfqt"vêepkeq"fgn"rtq{gevq0

5;


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ß Nc"gphgtogtîc"pq"rqugg"wp"rgthkn"fg"kocigp"fg"rtqhgukôp."ukpq"oâu"dkgp"fg"qewrcekôpxqecekqpcn."uwdqtfkpcfc."oâu"dcucfc"gp"ncu"jcdknkfcfgu"fg"vtcvq"swg"gp"wpc"uônkfc"hqt/ocekôp" ekgpvîhkeq/vêepkec." eqp" owejc" fgfkecekôp." rgtq" icpcpfq" owejq" ogpqu." ukpgzrgevcvkxcu"fg"rtqitguq0"Hkpcnogpvg."guvâ"ow{"gzvgpfkfc"nc"pqekôp"fg"swg"swkgp"ugjceg"gphgtogtc"gp"gn"hqpfq"gu"rqtswg"pq"rwfq."gp"vêtokpqu"fg"encug"uqekcn"{1q"fg"ecrc/ekfcf."jcegtug"oêfkeq0

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62


Hwgpvg<"Fwtô."3;;:

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ß Pq"gzkuvg"nc"Gphgtogtîc."ukpq"ncu"gphgtogtcu0

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Tabla 1. La oposición de imagen de medicina y enfermería

Médico

OcuewnkpqFkcipquvkect."ewtct."vtcvct"*fg"vtcvcokgpvq+UcpkfcfEqpqekokgpvq."ucdgtNq"rtkpekrcnHktoct."rtguetkdkt."cwvqtk|ctOc{qtgu"tgurqpucdknkfcfguEkgpekc"ukp"jwocpkfcfGuvcvwuRtqhgukôp."ecttgtc

Enfermera

HgogpkpqEwkfct."vtcvct"*fg"vtcvq+GphgtogfcfRtâevkec."vêepkec."gzrgtkgpekcNq"cwzknkctFkurgpuct."glgewvct."qdgfgegtVtcdclq"oâu"fwtq"g"kpitcvqJwocpkfcf"ukp"ekgpekcTqnQewrcekôp"xqecekqpcn."guvwfkqu

63


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64


3. La enfermería española de hoy

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Nc"tgurwguvc"oâu"nôikec"gpvqpegu"hwg"wpc"kpvgpukxc"ogfkecnk|cekôp"fg"nqu"rncpgu"fg"guvw/fkq"fg"CVU."swg"cwpswg"jc"ukfq"ukgortg"citkcogpvg"fgpquvcfc"rqt"nc"kfgqnqiîc"gphgtog/tc" fqokpcpvg" gp" uw" fkuewtuq" uqdtg" ›nc" eqnqpk|cekôp" oêfkecfi." cjqtc." ewctgpvc" còqufgurwêu."gu"rqukdng"gxcnwct"eqoq"wp"rtkogt"ucnvq"ewcnkvcvkxq"ow{"xcnkquq"rctc"nc"gphgt/ogtîc"gurcòqnc0"Rqt"rtkogtc"xg|."cniwkgp"ewcnkhkecfq"tgeqpqeîc"uw"rqvgpekcn"fg"crqtvc/ekôp" c" wp" ukuvgoc" ucpkvctkq" oqfgtpq0" Gp" guvc" hcug." swg" Fqoîpiwg|/Cneôp" *3;9:+fgpqokpc"›fg"rtqhgukqpcnk|cekôp"rtâevkecfi."eqokgp|c"c"fknwktug"wp"vcpvq"nc"eqpegrekôpoâu"cteckec"fg"nc"gphgtogtc0"["pq"jc{"swg"qnxkfct."rqt"qvtq"ncfq."swg"oâu"jqtcu"fg"eqnq/pk|cekôp"oêfkec"q"gphgtogtîc"oêfkeq/swktûtikec"kornkecdcp"ogpqu"jqtcu"fg"eqnqpk|c/ekôp" kfgqnôikec" q"oqtcn" gphgtogtc." fg"ocpgtc" swg" fwtcpvg" cswgnnqu" còqu" ug" rtqfwegvcodkêp"wp"rtqeguq"fg"nckek|cekôp"fg"nc"gphgtogtîc0

Ewcpfq"ncu"ocftgu"hwpfcfqtcu"ug"rncpvgcp"gp"nqu"còqu"ugvgpvc"vgtokpct"eqp"nc"rqukekôpuwdqtfkpcfc"{"fguewcnkhkecfc"fg"nc"gphgtogtîc."kpkekcpfq"cuî"nc"nctic"octejc"fg"qewrc/ekôp"c"rtqhgukôp."fgdgp"gphtgpvctug"c"ekgtvcu"gzkigpekcu"dâukecu"ectcevgtîuvkecu"fg"nqu"rtq/eguqu" fg" rtqhgukqpcnk|cekôp" *Htgkfuqp." 3;9:=" Cddqvv." 3;::." 3;;3+." vcngu" eqoq" nchqtocnk|cekôp"fg"nc"dcug"fg"eqpqekokgpvq"fkuvkpvkxc="nc"fghkpkekôp"fg"âodkvqu"cwvôpqoqufg"rtâevkec"rtqhgukqpcn="gn"guvcdngekokgpvq"fg"wp"ukuvgoc"hqtocn"fg"qticpk|cekôp"eqtrq/tcvkxc"eqp"ecrcekfcfgu"cwvqttgiwncvqtkcu="gn"eqpvtqn"rngpq"uqdtg"nqu"rtqeguqu"fg"hqtoc/ekôp"fg"nqu"rtqhgukqpcngu="{."uqdtg"vqfq."wpc"ecrcekfcf"fg"kphnwgpekc"fgekukxc"uqdtg"ncufgekukqpgu"rqnîvkecu"tgncvkxcu"c"nc"rtqrkc"rtqhgukôp."gu"fgekt."wp"cwogpvq"fg"uw"rqfgt"rtq/hgukqpcn"*Lqjpuqp."3;94="Hqtu{vj"{"Fcpkukgyke|."3;:7+0"Gn"egogpvq"swg"ocpvkgpg"wpkfquvqfqu"guvqu"eqorqpgpvgu"gu"wpc"kfgqnqiîc"rtqhgukqpcn."wp"oqfq"eqoûp"fg"xgt"{"gpvgp/fgt"nc"rtqhgukôp."fghkpkt"uw"locus rtqhgukqpcn"{"rtq{gevctnq"uqekcnogpvg0

65


Gn"rqfgt"rtqhgukqpcn"gu"hwpfcogpvcn"rctc"ictcpvk|ct"cwvqpqoîc."tgewtuqu."rtguvkikq"{"tgp/vcu."rgtq"nc"dcug"tgcn"swg"uwuvgpvc"guvtcvêikecogpvg"gn"rqfgt"rtqhgukqpcn"gu"nc"ngikvkokfcf.guq"swg"rgtokvg"swg"nqu"qvtqu"cevqtgu"tgeqpq|ecp"vw"ecrcekfcf"fg"cevwct"kpfgrgpfkgpvg/ogpvg"gp"vw"rtqrkq"vgttkvqtkq"fgpvtq"fg"wp"gequkuvgoc"eqoûp0"Nc"rqukekôp"fg"nc"gphgtog/tîc" gp" cswgnnqu" còqu." vgpkgpfq" gp" ewgpvc" nc" rgucfc" jgtgpekc" ewnvwtcn" swg" {c" jgoqufguetkvq."gu"htcpecogpvg"cfxgtuc"rctc"rtq{gevctug"eqp"êzkvq"jcekc"gn"hwvwtq0"["ug"gphtgp/vc"gpvqpegu"cn"okuoq"fkngoc"swg"cpvgu"fgdkgtqp"tguqnxgt"uwu"eqngicu"fg"qvtqu"rcîugu"fg"/ucttqnncfqu<

›Gn"ewtkquq"fkngoc"fg"nc"gphgtogtc"gu"swg"rwgfg"ugt"xkuvc"tgpgicpfq"fg"ncu"vc"/tgcu"swg"ng"uqp"rtqrkcu"rctc"ecodkct"uw"rqukekôp"gp"nc"fkxkukôp"rctcoêfkec"fgnvtcdclq." rqukekôp" swg" guvâ" ewkfcfqucogpvg" ngikvkocfc" rqt" uw" tgncekôp" eqp" ncogfkekpc0" Rctc" gxcfkt" nc" uwdqtfkpcekôp" c" nc" cwvqtkfcf"oêfkec." fgdg" gpeqpvtctcniûp"âtgc"fg"vtcdclq"uqdtg"nc"swg"rwgfc"tgkxkpfkect"{"uquvgpgt"nc"gzenwukxkfcf.rgtq"fgdg"jcegtnq"gp"wp"codkgpvg"gp"gn"swg"nc"vctgc"egpvtcn"gu"nc"ewtcekôp."swgguvâ"eqpvtqncfc"rqt"nc"Ogfkekpc"*000+"Fgdgp"crtgpfgt"c"gpeqpvtct"wpc"ucvkuhceekôpgp"guc"uwdqtfkpcekôp"q"dkgp"gpeqpvtct"qvtc"hwgpvg"kpfgrgpfkgpvg"fg"ngikvkokfcffi*Htgkfuqp."3;9:<9;+0

Nc"gphgtogtîc"gurcòqnc"fg"nc"vtcpukekôp"ug"gpeqpvtô."rwgu."eqp"nc"fku{wpvkxc"fg"qrvct"rqteqpswkuvct"hwpekqpgu"rtqrkcu"{"gzenwukxcu"fgpvtq"fg"nc"fkxkukôp"fgn"vtcdclq"oêfkeq."wpccwvqpqoîc"hwpekqpcn"q"xgtvkecn."q"rqt"vtcvct"fg"fgucttqnnct"wp"âodkvq"rtqrkq"fg"fgucttq/nnq"rtqhgukqpcn"etgekgpvgogpvg"fgunkicfq"fg"nq"rtqrkcogpvg"oêfkeq."gu"fgekt."wpc"cwvq/pqoîc"eqpegrvwcn"w"jqtk|qpvcn0"Ukp"godctiq."eqoq"dkgp"ugòcnô"Htgkfuqp"jceg"ewctgpvccòqu."gn"rtqeguq"fg"qdvgpekôp"fg"nc"kpfgrgpfgpekc"eqpegrvwcn"fgdg"tgcnk|ctug"gp"gn"tîik/fq"octeq"fg"wpc"hwgtvg"fgrgpfgpekc"hwpekqpcn0

Gp"Gurcòc"ug"korwuq"ewnvwtcnogpvg"wpc"kfgqnqiîc"gphgtogtc"swg"ug"tgkxkpfkeô."rctc"fghk/pkt"uw"âodkvq"fkuekrnkpct"{"rtqhgukqpcn"cwvôpqoq."eqoq"jgtgfgtc"fg"ukinqu"fgn"dkpqokqowlgt/ewkfcfqu0" Nc" gngeekôp." fg" qtkigp" dâukecogpvg" kfgqnôikeq." hwg" enctc0" Uônq" uk" ncgphgtogtîc"gurcòqnc"gtc"ecrc|"fg"eqpxgtvktug"gp."{"ngikvkoctug"eqoq."wpc"fkuekrnkpc"ekgp/vîhkec"rtqrkc"{"fkhgtgpekcfc."rqftîc" nngict"c"ugt"cfokvkfc"eqoq"wpc"rtqhgukôp" kpfgrgp/fkgpvg"{"cwvqiqdgtpcfc0"["eqogp|ô"nc"cfcrvcekôp"fgn"ewkfcfq"gphgtogtq"eqoq"pûengqfkuekrnkpct"rtqrkq"{"gzenwukxq"fg"ncu"Ekgpekcu"fg"nc"Gphgtogtîc0"Guvc"qrekôp."ukp"godct/iq."gpvtô"gp"enctq"eqphnkevq"eqp"nc"tgcnkfcf."{"gn"jgejq"gu"swg"nc"gphgtogtîc"pq"vwxq"uwhk/ekgpvg"hwgt|c"eqoq"rctc"oqfkhkect"ukipkhkecvkxcogpvg"guvc"tgcnkfcf."rqt"nq"swg"uw"qrekôprtq{gevô"wpc"cncticfc"uqodtc."fgufg"wp"rcucfq"rngvôtkeq"c"wp"rtgugpvg"ogncpeônkeq0"Ecukvtgkpvc"còqu"fgurwêu."swkgpgu"korwnuctqp"gn"rtqeguq"vkgpgp"swg"tgeqpqegt"swg"guc"›itc/xîukoc"eqpvtcfkeekôp"*000+" vkgpg"eqoq"eqpugewgpekc"swg"gn"rcrgn"fg" nc"gphgtogtc"ug"xgtgngicfq"c"nc"tgcnk|cekôp"fg"vctgcu"swg"eqorngogpvcp"nc"kpvgtxgpekôp"oêfkecfi"*Cndgtfk{"Ewzctv."4227+0"Gu"fgekt."swg"vtgkpvc"còqu"fg"nctic"octejc"fg"qewrcekôp"c"rtqhgukôp"pqjcp"dcuvcfq"rctc"swg"nc"gphgtogtîc"gpewgpvtg"wp"ukvkq"cn"uqn."cwvôpqoq"{"tgeqpqekfq."fgp/vtq"fgn"ukuvgoc"ucpkvctkq0

66


Gu"ekgtvq"swg"gn"htcpswkuoq"uwrwuq"wpc"korqtvcpvg"têoqtc"{"swg"nc"gphgtogtîc"gurcòqncpq"rwfq"rctvkekrct"fg"nqu"rtqeguqu"kpvgngevwcngu."gfwecvkxqu"{"qticpk|cvkxqu"fg"uwu"eqng/icu"gwtqrgqu."rgtq"cn"ecdq"fg" vqfqu"guvqu"còqu"ecdtîc"rtgiwpvctug"jqpguvcogpvg"uk" nqurncpvgcokgpvqu"fg"ncu"ocftgu"hwpfcfqtcu"pq"rgectîcp"fg"wpc"gzegukxc"kfgqnqik|cekôp"{fg"wp"ekgtvq"guswgocvkuoq"okoêvkeq"swg" ngu"jk|q"etggt"swg"ugtîc"rqukdng" korqtvct" nquoqfgnqu"gwtqrgqu"fg"gphgtogtîc"oâu"cxcp|cfqu"fgn"oqogpvq"c"wp"eqpvgzvq"ucpkvctkq"vcpoêfkeqeêpvtkeq"{"gzvtgocfcogpvg"gnkvkuvc."coqtvk|cpfq"ecuk"gp"wp"uqrnq"wp"nctiq"rcucfqfg"cvtcuq"ewnvwtcn0

Gp"vqfq"ecuq."nc"nctic"octejc"ukiwg."{"gp"guvg"ecrîvwnq"vtcvctgoqu"fg"cpcnk|ct"nc"ukvwcekôpcevwcn"fg"nc"gphgtogtîc."uwu"tgvqu"oâu"wtigpvgu"{"uwu"pgegukfcfgu"fg"hwvwtq"eqoq"rtqhgukôp0

3.1 La dimensión cuantitativa: demografía profesional

Cpvgu"fg"cfgpvtctpqu"gp"wp"kpvgpvq"fg"fguetkrekôp"uqekqnôikec"fg"nc"gphgtogtîc"gurcòqncfgn"ukinq"ZZK."etggoqu"korqtvcpvg"eqpqegt"c"nc"rtqhgukôp"fgufg"wp"rwpvq"fg"xkuvc"ewcp/vkvcvkxq."gurgekcnogpvg"rqtswg"cniwpqu"curgevqu"fgoqitâhkequ"eqoq"nc"guecug|"fg"gphgt/ogtcu."uqdtg"vqfq"gp"tgncekôp"eqp"gn"pûogtq"fg"oêfkequ."qewrcp"wp"gurcekq"ow{"egpvtcngp"gn"fgdcvg"cevwcn"uqdtg"nc"gphgtogtîc0"Pqu"egpvtctgoqu"gp"gn"cpânkuku"fg"ncu"fkpâokecufgoqitâhkecu"cevwcngu"rctc"rqfgt"rtq{gevctncu"jcekc"gn"hwvwtq"{"gp"ncu"ecwucu"fg"nc"oct/ecfc"guecug|"fg"gphgtogtcu."cn"ogpqu"fgufg"wpc"eqorctcvkxc"kpvgtpcekqpcn0

A) La situación nacional

Eqoq"gu"dkgp"ucdkfq."nc"kpgzkuvgpekc"fg"wp"tgikuvtq"qhkekcn"fg"rtqhgukqpcngu"ucpkvctkqu"gppwguvtq"rcîu"pqu"korkfg"eqpqegt"fg"ocpgtc"fktgevc"{"hkcdng"ewâpvqu"ucpkvctkqu"jc{"{"ewâ/ngu"uqp"uwu"ectcevgtîuvkecu"dâukecu0"Rqt"gnnq"gu"rtgekuq"tgewttkt"c"eânewnqu"uqdtg"wpc"dcugkphqtocvkxc"fg"fwfquc"hkcdknkfcf." nc"swg"uwokpkuvtcp" nqu"eqngikqu"rtqxkpekcngu"uqdtg" ncdcug"fg"uwu"eqngikcfqu0"Uk"c"gnnq"ng"còcfkoqu"gn"jgejq"fg"swg"jc{"ewcvtq"EE"CC"fqpfgpq"gu"qdnkicvqtkc"nc"eqngikcekôp"rctc"gn"rgtuqpcn"cn"ugtxkekq"fg"ncu"cfokpkuvtcekqpgu"rûdnk/ecu."nc"equc"ug"eqornkec"cniq"oâu0

Nc"hwgpvg"qhkekcn"oâu"fgvcnncfc"fg"nc"swg"fkurqpgoqu"rctc"eqpqegt"gn"stock fg"rtqhgukq/pcngu"gu"nc"guvcfîuvkec"fg"rtqhgukqpcngu"ucpkvctkqu"eqngikcfqu"fgn"KPG."swg"ug"pwvtg"rtgek/ucogpvg"fg" nqu" fcvqu" eqngikcngu0"Nc"ûnvkoc" ugtkg" fkurqpkdng" gu" dcuvcpvg" tgekgpvg"{"pqurtqrqtekqpc"wpc"fguetkrekôp"fg"nqu"ghgevkxqu"rtqhgukqpcngu"c"53"fg"fkekgodtg"fg"422:0Guvc" hwgpvg" rtqrqtekqpc" wpc" encukhkecekôp"ow{"igpêtkec." {c" swg" fkuvkpiwg" ûpkecogpvggpvtg"›eqngikcfqu"lwdkncfqufi"{"›eqngikcfqu"pq"lwdkncfqufi."uk"dkgp"gzkuvg"wpc"vgtegtc"ecvg/iqtîc."›pq"eqpuvcfi."swg"gp"422:"eqpvcdknk|cdc"crgpcu"wp"6'"fgn"vqvcn."cwpswg"ewcvtq"còqucpvgu"nngicdc"ecuk"cn"32'0"Guvc"ecvgiqtîc"fg"›pq"eqpuvcfi"ug"nkokvc."chqtvwpcfcogpvg."c"nqu

67


vtgu"eqngikqu"rtqxkpekcngu"fg"Itcpcfc."Jwguec"{"Ncu"Rcnocu."swg"pq"jcp"ukfq"ecrcegu"fgfgucitgict"nqu"fcvqu"fg"uwu"eqngikcfqu"cwpswg"ugc"eqp"guvg"pkxgn"fg"fgvcnng"vcp"dwtfq0"Rqtgnnq."etggoqu"swg"gu"rqukdng"uwrtkokt"gn"itwrq"fg"nqu"›pq"eqpuvcfi"ukp"itcxgu"tkguiqu"guvc/fîuvkequ."gzvtcrqncpfq"gn"rtqogfkq"fg"nqu"rqtegpvclgu"fg"lwdkncfqu"{"pq"lwdkncfqu"fg"nqutguvcpvgu"6;"eqngikqu"c"nqu"vtgu"tg|cicfqu0

Gzkuvgp" qvtqu" fqu" hcevqtgu" swg" jc{" swg" vgpgt" gp" ewgpvc" c" nc" jqtc" fg" tgcnk|ct" eânewnqufgoqitâhkequ"uqdtg"nqu"tgewtuqu"jwocpqu"gphgtogtqu<"rqt"wp"ncfq."pq"ucdgoqu"ewâpvcugphgtogtcu"rgtocpgegp"eqngikcfcu"cn"lwdknctug"{"ewâpvcu"ug"fcp"fg"dclc."uônq"fkurqpgoqufg"kphqtocekôp"uqdtg"ncu"gphgtogtcu"eqngikcfcu"lwdkncfcu="rqt"qvtq"ncfq."pq"ucdgoqu"swêrqtegpvclg"fg"nqu"›pq"lwdkncfqufi"uqp"rqdncekôp"cevkxc"q"kpcevkxc"fgpvtq"fgn"ugevqt"ucpkvc/tkq"pcekqpcn."{c"swg"rwgfg"jcdgt" vtcdclcfqtgu"gp"wp"xctkcfq" uwtvkfq"fg" ukvwcekqpgu"fgkpcevkxq" c" ghgevqu" rtâevkequ" eqoq" vtcdclcfqtgu" gp" gn" gzvtcplgtq." gzegfgpvgu." fqegpvgu.guvwfkcpvgu"fg"rquitcfq"q"gurgekcnkfcfgu."vtcdclq"gp"qvtqu"ugevqtgu."ukvwcekqpgu"fg"kpxc/nkfg|"q"kpecrcekfcf"ncdqtcn0"Rqt"gnnq."gu"pgeguctkq"tghgtktug"c"nqu"eqngikcfqu"pq"lwdkncfqueqoq"rqdncekôp"rqvgpekcnogpvg"cevkxc."wp"eqpegrvq"jcdkvwcn"gp"fgoqitchîc"swg"ukipkhk/ec"swg"pqu"tghgtktgoqu"c"cswgnnqu"rtqhgukqpcngu"swg"rqt"vkvwncekôp."eqngikcekôp"{"ukvwc/ekôp"uqp"q"rqftîcp"ugt"rqdncekôp"cevkxc"*Ucplwcp"k"Pgdqv."422;+0

Cpvgu"fg"gpvtct"gp"nqu"eânewnqu."cenctctgoqu"swg"nqu"fcvqu"fgucitgicfqu"fg"nc"guvcfîuvkecfgn"KPG"uônq"guvâp"fkurqpkdngu"fgufg"4226"c"422:."wpc"ugtkg"fgocukcfq"eqtvc"eqoq"rctckpvgpvct"kfgpvkhkect"vgpfgpekcu."pk"fg"hwvwtq"pk"fg"rcucfq."rgtq"swg"pqu"uktxg"rctc"vtcvct"fgewcpvkhkect"fcvqu"korqtvcpvgu"uqdtg"fgoqitchîc"rtqhgukqpcn0"Guvqu"fcvqu"rwgfgp"xgtug"gpnc"Vcdnc"40

Tabla 2. Indicadores demográficos utilizados

Indicador

C0/"Vqvcn"eqngikcfqu"*c+B.- (1) Colegiados jubilados y

(2) saldo sobre año anterior (a)E0/"*3+"Eqngikcfqu"rqvgpekcnogpvg"cevkxqu."

*4+"'"uqdtg"vqvcn"eqngikcfqu"{"*5+"Etgekokgpvq"cpwcn"*c+

F0/"Gphgtogtcu"gp"hqtocekôp"ucpkvctkc"gurgekcnk|cfc"*d+

G0/"Fkrnqocfcu"fg"ncu"GWG"*e+H0/"Vîvwnqu"gzvtcplgtqu"jqoqnqicfqu"*d+G.- Total altas anuales (E + F)H.- Total bajas anuales (G–C3)

2004

45403:739024:///

4370379;4.9'///

7;3

:0952786;04;6///

2005

4590997380885/"5874430364;5.2'70;:7

965

:08;;9:3;06:24096;

2006

4650;3:3809;9356

4490343;5.3'70;9;

9;6

:0986:38;07:250822

2007

47202793903:45:7

4540:97;5.3'70976

:56

:096:305:432035260598

2008

47905773:06:83052645:0:8;;4.:'70;;6

:56

:0;:93046532045260458

Media 2004 - 2008

466047:390453587

4490255;4.;'70;4:

97;

:09:8;79;09655084:

Hwgpvg<"*c+"KPG."Guvcfîuvkec"fg"Rtqhgukqpcngu"Ucpkvctkqu"Eqngikcfqu="*d+."KPG."Guvcfîuvkec"fg"nc"Gpugòcp|cWpkxgtukvctkc="*e+"Okpkuvgtkq"fg"Gfwecekôp."Cpwctkq"Guvcfîuvkeq"4232

68


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69


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6:


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B) España en su entorno: enfermeras, médicos... ¿y alguien más?

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6;


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Wvknk|cpfq"guvc"ogfkekôp"eqplwpvc."Gurcòc"qewrc"wp"nwict"gp"nc"rctvg"kphgtkqt"fg"nc"vcdnc.eqp"wpc"fqvcekôp"fg"rtqhgukqpcngu"rqt"30222"jcdkvcpvgu"fg"9.76."htgpvg"c"wpc"ogfkc"fg;.78."gu"fgekt."wp"43'"ogpqt0"Qewrc"gn"nwict"42"fg"nqu"52"rcîugu"eqorctcfqu="Htcpekcqewrc"nc"rqukekôp"kpogfkcvcogpvg"cpvgtkqt"c"nc"pwguvtc"{"Rqtvwicn"swgfc"8"rwguvqu"rqtfgdclq."cwpswg"gp"codqu"rcîugu"vqfqu"nqu"ghgevkxqu"uqp"fg"gphgtogtcu"vkvwncfcu."{c"swg.

72


ugiûp" nc" QEFG." pq" gzkuvgp" ecvgiqtîcu" cwzknkctgu" jqoqnqicdngu" gp" guqu" rcîugu0" GpHtcpekc."gn"fkrnqoc"fg"aide-soignant uônq"tgswkgtg"wpc"hqtocekôp"vgôtkec"fg"39"ugocpcu{"46"oâu"fg"rtâevkecu"gp"egpvtqu"ucpkvctkqu."{"ug"rwgfg"ceegfgt"cn"okuoq"ukp"guvwfkqudâukequ"egtvkhkecpfq"vtgu"còqu"fg"gzrgtkgpekc"ncdqtcn="gp"Rqtvwicn."ukorngogpvg"pq"gzku/vg"pkpiwpc"ecvgiqtîc"ukoknct"*Rkvc"Dcttqu"{"Cnogkfc"Ukoùgu."4229<:8+0

Uk"cpcnk|âtcoqu"ûpkecogpvg"gn"fcvq"fg"ncu"gphgtogtcu"vkvwncfcu."nc"ogfkc"fg"nc"QEFG"ugtîc9.95."{"nc"gurcòqnc."6.59."wp"66'"ogpqu0"Pwguvtc"rqukekôp"tgncvkxc"rgtfgtîc"ekpeq"rwgu/vqu."ec{gpfq"jcuvc"gn"47."uônq"rqt"gpekoc"fg"Jqncpfc"{"Itgekc"gpvtg"nqu"rcîugu"gwtqrgqu0

Gp"ewcpvq"c"nc"ratio gphgtogtc<oêfkeq."Gurcòc"ug"ukvwctîc"gp"gn"rwguvq"44"fgn"ranking,eqp"wp"xcnqt"fg"4.3"swg"uwrqpg"wp"54'"ogpqu"gp"tgncekôp"eqp"nc"ogfkc."5.30"Uk"cpcnk|c/oqu" vcodkêp" nc"ratio gphgtogtcu" vkvwncfcu<cwzknkctgu"fg"gphgtogtîc." gn"fcvq"gurcòqn" gu3.59."okgpvtcu"swg"nc"ogfkc"fg"nqu"38"rcîugu"swg"hceknkvcp"guvg"fgvcnng"gu"fg"5.:8."qewrcp/fq"Gurcòc"gn"rwguvq"35"eqp"wp"xcnqt"wp"87'"kphgtkqt"cn"rtqogfkq0"Gp"ewcpvq"cn"rguq"fgncu"cwzknkctgu"fgpvtq"fg"nc"gphgtogtîc."Gurcòc"gu"gn"ewctvq"rcîu"gp"gn"ranking0

Uk"rqpgoqu"gp"tgncekôp"codqu"fcvqu"rqfgoqu"eqpenwkt"swg"nc"guecuc"fqvcekôp"tgncvkxc"fggphgtogtcu"gp"Gurcòc"guvâ"ogpqu"tgncekqpcfc"eqp"gn"okvkhkecfq"gzeguq"tgncvkxq"fg"oêfk/equ"swg"eqp"gn"fg"cwzknkctgu"fg"gphgtogtîc0"Cwpswg"ukp"fwfc"ugc"wp"cpânkuku"ow{"nkokvc/fq."rqfgoqu"jcegtpqu"wpc" kfgc"oâu"eqpetgvc"cpcnk|cpfq" nc"guvtwevwtc"fg" ncu"rncpvknncujqurkvcnctkcu"gurcòqncu"g"kpingucu0"Gp"gn"eqplwpvq"fg"nqu"jqurkvcngu"gurcòqngu"vtcdclcdcpgp"4229."ugiûp"nc"GGUTK.";50222"oêfkequ."3520222"gphgtogtcu"{"3290222"cwzknkctgu="gpnqu" jqurkvcngu" kpingugu." rctc" gn" okuoq" còq" *PJU." 4232+." nq" jceîcp" ;70222" oêfkequ.4790222"gphgtogtcu"{"3220222"cwzknkctgu0"Fg"cewgtfq"eqp"guvcu"ekhtcu."qdvgpftîcoqu"ncuukiwkgpvgu"ratios."vcn"{"eqoq"ug"crtgekcp"gp"nc"Vcdnc"50

Tabla 3. Estructura de las plantillas hospitalarias (médicos, enfermeras y auxiliares de enfermería) en España e Inglaterra

Ratios (2007)

Gphgtogtc<oêfkeq

Gphgtogtc<cwzknkct

Cwzknkct<oêfkeq

España

3.62

3.44

3.37

Inglaterra

4.93

4.79

3.27

Hwgpvg<"Gncdqtcekôp"rtqrkc="GGUTJ"{"PJU"*4232+0

73


Ukp"gpvtct"c"cpcnk|ct"qvtqu"kpfkecfqtgu"swg"ukp"fwfc"ugtâp"ow{"fkhgtgpvgu"gp"nqu"fqu"rc"/îugu."tguwnvc"ow{"nncocvkxq"swg"nqu"rguqu"tgncvkxqu"swg"gpeqpvtcoqu"gp"ncu"guvtwevwtcu"fgrgtuqpcn"fg"oêfkequ"{"cwzknkctgu"ugcp"ow{"ukoknctgu"*3.37"c"3.27+."okgpvtcu"swg"nqu"fggphgtogtcu."{c"ugc"eqp"tgurgevq"c"nqu"oêfkequ"q"c"ncu"cwzknkctgu."ugcp"crtqzkocfcogpvgnc"okvcf"*3.62"c"4.93"{"3.44"c"4.79."tgurgevkxcogpvg+0

ÀRqfgoqu."rwgu." crq{ct" nqu" guvtcodôvkequ"eânewnqu"swg"gn"EIG" *422;+"rtgugpvô"gp"gnfqewogpvq"Crqtvcekqpgu"cn"Rcevq"rqt"nc"Ucpkfcf."gp"gn"swg"chktocdc"swg"ugtîcp"pgeguc/tkcu"c"fîc"fg"jq{"3720222"gphgtogtcu"vkvwncfcu"oâu."gu"fgekt."cwogpvct"gp"fqu"vgtekqu"ncufqvcekqpgu"fg"tgewtuqu"jwocpqu"fg"gphgtogtîcA"Pcvwtcnogpvg"swg"pq0"Kpenwuq"uk"gn"EIGvwxkgtc"wpc"xctkvc"oâikec"rctc"jcegtnq"tgcnkfcf"pq"nq"jctîc"rqtswg"eqpfgpctîc"c"fgegpcufg"okngu"fg"gphgtogtcu"c"rqpgtug"fwtcpvg"còqu"gp"ncu"eqncu"fgn"rctq."{c"swg"nc"fgocpfcswg"uwrwguvcogpvg"ewdtktîcp"guvcu"fqvcekqpgu"fg"gphgtogtcu"cfkekqpcngu"{c"guvâ"rtâevkec/ogpvg"ewdkgtvc"rqt"wpcu"igpgtqucu"fqvcekqpgu"fg"oêfkequ"{." uqdtg" vqfq."cwzknkctgu"fggphgtogtîc0"Rctc"kiwcnct"nc"ogfkc"fg";.78"gphgtogtcu"{"cwzknkctgu"rqt"30222"jcdkvcpvgujctîc"hcnvc"cwogpvct"nqu"ghgevkxqu"fg"gphgtogtcu"{"cwzknkctgu"gp";20222"wpkfcfgu."fg"ncuewcngu"wpqu"740222"ugtîcp"gphgtogtcu"vkvwncfcu0"Pq"gu"rqeq."rgtq"uqp"wpc"vgtegtc"rctvg"fgncu"3720222"swg"ecnewnô"gn"EIG0

3.2 Los desarrollos recientes (2005-2010)

Nc"ugswîc"tgiwncvqtkc"swg"xkxkô"nc"gphgtogtîc"fwtô"oâu"fg"37"còqu."fgufg"nc"rwdnkecekôpfgn"TF"368813;;2."fg"48"fg"qevwdtg."swg"guvcdngekô"ncu"fktgevtkegu"igpgtcngu"fg"nqu"rnc/pgu"fg"guvwfkq"fgn"vîvwnq"qhkekcn"fg"fkrnqocfq"gp"gphgtogtîc."gp"fgucttqnnq"fg"nq"rtgxku/vq"gp"wp"TF"fg"3;:9."jcuvc"swg"gn"TF"67214227."fg"44"fg"cdtkn."xwgnxg"c"tgiwnct" ncugurgekcnkfcfgu"fg"gphgtogtîc."fgtqicpfq"{"ecodkcpfq"uwuvcpekcnogpvg"uw"hknquqhîc." nccpvgtkqt" tgiwncekôp"fgn"TF";;413;:90"Gp"guvg" nctiq"rctêpvguku"jc{." ukp"godctiq."wpcgzegrekôp."{c"swg"gp"3;;:"wpc"qtfgp"okpkuvgtkcn."fg"46"fg"lwpkq."fgucttqnnc"gn"TF"fggurgekcnkfcfgu"fg"gphgtogtîc"fg"3;:9."etgcpfq"rqt"rtkogtc"xg|"nc"hkiwtc"fgn"gphgtogtqtgukfgpvg."uk"dkgp"ûpkecogpvg"tgiwnc"nc"hqtocekôp"fg"ncu"gurgekcnkfcfgu"fg"GphgtogtîcQduvêvtkeq/Ikpgeqnôikec"*ocvtqpc+"{"Gphgtogtîc"fg"Ucnwf"Ogpvcn0"Ncu"tguvcpvgu"ekpeqgurgekcnkfcfgu" swgfctîcp" gp" wp" nkodq" cfokpkuvtcvkxq" jcuvc" swg" pq" ug" rtqfwlgtc" wp›kphqtog"hcxqtcdng"fgn"Rngpq"fgn"Eqpuglq"Kpvgtvgttkvqtkcn"fgn"UPU"q."gp"uw"fghgevq."fgnEqokvê"Cuguqtfi0"Guvq" ukipkhkeô" gp" nc"rtâevkec"wpc" gurgtc"fg" cn"ogpqu"32" còqu." gp" gnoglqt"fg"nqu"ecuqu0

Nq"ekgtvq"gu"swg"c"rctvkt"fg"4227"nc"gphgtogtîc"xwgnxg"c"gzrgtkogpvct"wp"rgtîqfq"fg"itcp/fgu"fgucttqnnqu."uônq"eqorctcfqu"gp"uw"kpvgpukfcf"eqp"gn"rgtîqfq"3;:5/3;:90"Ncu"rtkpek/rcngu"tghqtocu"vkgpgp"nwict"gp"vtgu"âtgcu"fkhgtgpvgu."cwpswg"tgncekqpcfcu<"cfcrvcekôp"fgnqu"guvwfkqu"fg"gphgtogtîc"cn"GGGU."hqtocekôp"ucpkvctkc"gurgekcnk|cfc"{"nc"fgpqokpcfcrtguetkrekôp"gphgtogtc0

74


A) La adaptación de la enfermería al EEES

Gn" TF" 35;514229" tgqtfgpc" ncu" gpugòcp|cu" wpkxgtukvctkcu" rctc" cfcrvctncu" cn" GurcekqGwtqrgq"fg"Gfwecekôp"Uwrgtkqt."etgcpfq"wp"tgeqttkfq"fqegpvg"eqoûp"rctc"ecuk"vqfqu"nquguvwfkqu"swg"ug"ctvkewnc"gp"vtgu"pkxgngu<"itcfq"*ewcvtq"còqu+."oâuvgt"*wp"còq+"{"fqevqtc/fq0" Dcuâpfqug" gp" ncu" eqpenwukqpgu" fgn" Nkdtq" Dncpeq" swg" nc" Cigpekc" Pcekqpcn" fgGxcnwcekôp"fg"nc"Ecnkfcf"{"Cetgfkvcekôp."eqp"nc"rctvkekrcekôp"fg"ecuk"vqfcu"ncu"wpkxgtuk/fcfgu"gurcòqncu."jcdîc"rwdnkecfq"gp"4227"*Cpgec."4227+."nc"Qtfgp"EKP143561422:"ucp/ekqpc"gn"itcfq"gp"gphgtogtîc"fg"462"etêfkvqu"gp"ewcvtq"còqu"cn"guvcdngegt"nqu"tgswkukvqufg"nqu"rncpgu"fg"guvwfkq"swg"fgucttqnnctâp"ncu"wpkxgtukfcfgu0"Pq"ug"rwgfg"fgekt"swg"gnrqukekqpcokgpvq" fgn" Nkdtq" Dncpeq" hwgtc" ow{" tcfkecn." {c" swg" eqpvgorncdc" eqoq" wpccnvgtpcvkxc."swk|âu"oâu"rtcioâvkec."rgtq"swg"pq"ug"cvtgxkô"c"crq{ct"tguwgnvcogpvg."3:2etêfkvqu"rctc"gn"itcfq"{"342"rctc"gn"rquitcfq."vgpkgpfq"gp"ewgpvc"swg"gp"gn"ecorq"rtq/hgukqpcn"fg"nc"gphgtogtîc"gzkuvgp"ncu"gurgekcnkfcfgu."swg"fg"cniwpc"hqtoc"fgdgp"gpeclctgp"gn"fkugòq"ewttkewnct"fg"nc"fkuekrnkpc"gphgtogtc0"Gu"rtqdcdng"swg"owejqu"fg"nqu"rctvk/ekrcpvgu"gp"gn"rcpgn"fkuetgrctcp"fg"nc"uqnwekôp"hkpcnogpvg"fgekfkfc"{"rctgeg"rncwukdng"swgguvc"rqukekôp"qhtgekgtc"wpc"ctswkvgevwtc"eqorgvgpekcn"owejq"oâu"nôikec"rctc"ncu"rtâevk/ecu"rtqhgukqpcngu0"Gp"vqfq"ecuq"fg"rqeq"uktxkô."{c"swg"gn"iqdkgtpq"qrvô"rqt"nc"uqnwekôpkuqoqthkuoq/enqpcfqt0

Cwp"cuî."nc"xkglc"tgkxkpfkecekôp"fg"ncu"ênkvgu"gphgtogtcu"fg"wpc"nkegpekcvwtc"gp"gphgtog/tîc"ug"xkq"gp"ekgtvq"oqfq"ucvkuhgejc."{c"swg"kiwcnc"cecfêokecogpvg"c"nc"gphgtogtîc"eqpgn"tguvq"fg"guvwfkqu"wpkxgtukvctkqu0

Ugiûp"nc"ûnvkoc"kphqtocekôp"fkurqpkdng."fgpvtq"fgn"GGGU"nc"gphgtogtîc"gu"wpc"fg"ncu"vkvw/ncekqpgu" swg" gp"oc{qt"ogfkfc" jcp" korngogpvcfq" gn" guswgoc" itcfq/oâuvgt." uônq" rqtfgdclq"fg"ncu"kpigpkgtîcu"*95'+."ocikuvgtkq"*8:'+"{"fgtgejq"*83'+."cnecp|cpfq"wp"77'fg"korngogpvcekôp"gp"ncu"3:9"wpkxgtukfcfgu"gwtqrgcu"ejgswgcfcu."okgpvtcu"swg"nc"ogfk/ekpc"crgpcu"nngic"c"wp"4:'"*Uwtuqem"{"Uokfv."4232+0

Fcfq"swg" guvg" rtqeguq." cwpswg" chgevc" fg"ocpgtc"ow{" korqtvcpvg" c" nc" gphgtogtîc." jcxgpkfq"fcfq"eqoq"eqpugewgpekc"fg"wpc"tghqtoc"igpgtcn."gp"wp"âodkvq"vtcpupcekqpcn"{uqdtg" vqfq"fg"wpc" cduwtfc" crnkecekôp" guswgoâvkec"fgn" tgeqttkfq"6-3."rqeq"rqftîcoqufgekt"q"rtqrqpgt"c"guvcu"cnvwtcu"swg"vwxkgtc"nc"oâu"oîpkoc"rqukdknkfcf"fg"rtqurgtct0"Rgtqgu"oâu"swg"rtqdcdng"swg"c"nc"gphgtogtîc"ng"jwdkgtc"ukfq"owejq"oâu"hcxqtcdng"wp"guswg/oc"5-4"eqp"fgucttqnnqu"ewttkewnctgu"gurgeîhkequ"rctc"gn"rquitcfq"igpgtcn"{"ncu"gurgekcnk/fcfgu."cn"ogpqu"jwdkgtc"uwrwguvq"wpc"ctswkvgevwtc"eqp"oâu"ugpvkfq."cwpswg"gnnq"jwdkgtctguwnvcfq"kpeqorcvkdng"eqp"nc"tgiwncekôp"cevwcn"fg"ncu"gurgekcnkfcfgu"gphgtogtcu0

Pq"gu"ow{"ugiwtq"swg"gn"cwogpvq"fg"vtgu"c"ewcvtq"còqu"fg"nc"hqtocekôp"rtgitcfwcfc"xc{cc"vtcfwektug"gp"itcpfgu"fkhgtgpekcu"gpvtg"nc"hqtocekôp"{"ncu"eqorgvgpekcu"rtqhgukqpcngucfswktkfcu"fg"nqu"hwvwtqu"itcfwcfqu"eqp"tgurgevq"c"nqu"cevwcngu"fkrnqocfqu0"Nqu"tgurqp/ucdngu"fgrctvcogpvcngu"swg"jgoqu"rqfkfq"eqpuwnvct"eqkpekfgp"cdtwocfqtcogpvg"gp"swg

75


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76


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77


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B) La formación sanitaria especializada

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78


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79


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7:


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7;


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C) La prescripción enfermera

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82


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83


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84


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85


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D) La proyección de futuro de la EPA en España

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86


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88


4. Algunas conclusiones y sugerencias para el debate

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ß Nqu"cxcpegu"ewcnkvcvkxqu"gp"nc"fghkpkekôp"fg"ncu"htqpvgtcu"rtqhgukqpcngu"eqorgvgpekc/ngu"uqp"fg"ectâevgt"gxqnwvkxq."{c"swg"ug"eqpuqnkfcp"ncu"tghqtocu"swg"tguwnvcp"oâu"hwp/ekqpcngu"{"fgucrctgegp"ncu"swg"owguvtcp"ogpqt"ecrcekfcf"fg"cfcrvcekôp."{"gp"igpgtcnvkgpgp"rqeq"swg"xgt"eqp"ncu"rtghgtgpekcu"q"kpvgtgugu"fg"nqu"fkhgtgpvgu"cigpvgu"rtqhgukq/pcngu0"Nc"kphnwgpekc"fg"nqu"lobbies rtqhgukqpcngu"ug"gzrtguc"owejq"oglqt"gp"uw"ecrc/ekfcf"fg"tgukuvgpekc"cpvg"ecodkqu"swg"cogpcegp"uw"statu quo."swg"gp"nc"ocitc"equgejcfg"uwu"gxgpvwcngu"rqukekqpgu"tghqtokuvcu0

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ß Cwpswg"uqp"dkgp"tgekdkfqu"rqt"owejcu"gphgtogtcu."rctc"swkgpgu"ug"cdtgp"pwgxcu"rquk/dknkfcfgu"fg"ecttgtc"{"fg"rtqitguq"rtqhgukqpcn"{"rgtuqpcn."pq"uqp"vcp"dkgp"xcnqtcfqurqt"owejcu"ênkvgu"gphgtogtcu."jcuvc"jceg"rqeq"eqphqtvcdngogpvg"tghwikcfcu"gp"wpcuugòcu"fg"kfgpvkfcf"vtcfkekqpcngu"uwuvgpvcfcu"gp"vqtpq"cn"ewkfcfq"jqnîuvkeq"*dkqrukequq/ekcn+"fgn"rcekgpvg"gphgtoq"eqoq"pkejq"fkuekrnkpct"ecrc|"fg"rtqrqtekqpctng"wp"guvcvw/

89


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8:


ß Vqfq"rctgeg"kpfkect."rqt"vcpvq."swg"nc"GRC"ugiwktâ"fgucttqnnâpfqug"kpvgpukxcogpvg"cogfkq"{"nctiq"rnc|q"{"swg"ncu"qticpk|cekqpgu"{"ênkvgu"gphgtogtcu"vgpftâp"eqpugewgp/vgogpvg"swg"qrvct"rqt."q"dkgp"cuwokt"swg"gnnq"eqorqtvctâ"wpc"oc{qt"fkxgtukhkecekôpfg"ncu"hwpekqpgu"{"rqukekqpgu"gphgtogtcu."cniwpcu"fg"gnncu"jîdtkfcu"oêfkeq/gphgtog/tcu."rgtq"vqfcu"ngiîvkocu."q"dkgp"pq"cuwoktnq"gp"pqodtg"fgn"fqioc"gphgtogtq."hqogp/vcpfq"cuî"wpc"fkpâokec"egpvtîhwic"swg"eqpfwektâ"c"cevkvwfgu"ugrctcvkuvcu"fg"cniwpqu"fgnqu"pwgxqu"pkejqu"rtqhgukqpcngu"swg"ug"igpgtgp."eqoq"uwegfg"fgufg"jceg"vkgorq"gpnqu"GG"WW0"Cegrvct"swg"nc"gphgtogtîc"fgn"hwvwtq."eqoq"nc"okuoc"uqekgfcf."rcuc"rqtgn"oguvk|clg."{"pq"rqt"nc"rwtg|c"êvpkec."{"swg"gzkuvktâ"owejc"oâu"fkxgtukfcf."gu"encxgrctc"cugiwtct"wp"ecokpq"eqorctvkfq"gp"gn"ugpq"fg"wpc"rtqhgukôp"eqoûp0

ß Eqoq"eqpvtcrctvkfc."gn"fgucttqnnq"fg"nc"GRC"kornkectâ"swg"c"nc"gphgtogtîc"vkvwncfc"ngtguwnvctâ"korqukdng"ceegfgt"c"pwgxcu"hwpekqpgu"{"eqorgvgpekcu"tgvgpkgpfq"cn"vkgorq.fg" ocpgtc" gzenwukxc." vqfcu" ncu" cevwcngu0" Nc" gphgtogtîc" cwzknkct" q" rtâevkec" swgttâ.fgdgtâ"{"rqftâ"cuwokt"hwpekqpgu"{"tqngu"jcuvc"cjqtc"gzenwukxqu"fg"nc"gphgtogtîc"vkvw/ncfc"q"hcewnvcvkxc."gurgekcnogpvg"gp"nqu"ugevqtgu"jqurkvcnctkq"{"uqekqucpkvctkq0"Cwpswgnc"gphgtogtîc"vkvwncfc"jc"ocpvgpkfq"wpc"cevkvwf"wp"vcpvq"gnkvkuvc"{"cttqicpvg"htgpvg"c"ncgphgtogtîc"cwzknkct." nqu"ecodkqu"gp" nqu"ocrcu"ucpkvctkqu" ng"qdnkictâp"c"cfqrvct"wpcrqukekôp"oâu"cdkgtvc"{"wpcu"rqnîvkecu"fg"oc{qt"kpvgitcekôp"eqqrgtcvkxc"gp"ncu"guvtwe/vwtcu"fg"nc"pwgxc"gphgtogtîc/qewrcekôp0"Nq"ewcn."rqt"ekgtvq." ng"rgtokvktîc" nkfgtct"wpeqngevkxq"eqp"wp"rguq"ewcpvkvcvkxq"{"ewcnkvcvkxq"ow{"uwrgtkqt"cn"cevwcn0

ß Nc"gphgtogtîc"gurcòqnc"pq"uônq"guvâ"cduqnwvcogpvg"jwêthcpc"fg"nkfgtc|iq."ukpq"vco/dkêp"fgueqjgukqpcfc"fgdkfq."hwpfcogpvcnogpvg."c"nc"owvwc"fguchgeekôp"gpvtg"uwu"ênk/vgu"eqtrqtcvkxcu0

ß Ncu"ênkvgu"kpvgngevwcngu"ocpvkgpgp"wp"fkuewtuq"hwgtvgogpvg"kfgqnqik|cfq."egpvtcfq"gpnc"xkigpekc"fg"nqu"xcnqtgu"gphgtogtqu"oâu"enâukequ0"Uw"âtgc"fg"cevwcekôp"g"kphnwgpekcguvâ" rtâevkecogpvg" nkokvcfc" c" nc" fqegpekc" {" cn" fgucttqnnq" fkuekrnkpct." rgtq." guq" uî.iqdkgtpcp"{"eqpvtqncp"ecuk"rqt"eqorngvq"nqu"rtqeguqu"fg"uqekcnk|cekôp"fg"ncu"pwgxcuigpgtcekqpgu0"Gp"guvg"itwrq"rtgfqokpcp"enctcogpvg" ncu"owlgtgu."cn" kiwcn"swg"gp"gneqplwpvq"fg"nc"rtqhgukôp0

ß Ncu"ênkvgu"eqtrqtcvkxcu"eqngikcngu"tgrtgugpvcp"gp"cniwpc"ogfkfc"nc"eqpvkpwkfcf"fg"nckocigp"crqnknncfc"fgn"xkglq"CVU"okpkoêfkeq0"Cwpswg"itcekcu"c"uw"kpvgpuc"cevkxkfcffg"marketing swkgtgp"xgpfgt"swg"nc"gurcòqnc"gu"wpc"fg"ncu"gphgtogtîcu"oâu"cxcp|cfcfgn"owpfq."uk"ug"cpcnk|cp"uwu"rqukekqpcokgpvqu"tgcngu"uônq"rctgeg"korqtvctngu"gn"ceeg/uq" c" pwgxcu" eqorgvgpekcu" vêepkecu" fg" gurgekcnk|cekôp" {" rtguetkrekôp." dâukecogpvg.swg"tgfw|ecp"uw"fkuvcpekc"rtqhgukqpcn"eqp"nc"ogfkekpc0"Ug"vtcvc"fg"wpcu"guvtwevwtcu"swguqekqnôikecogpvg"uônq"ug"tgrtgugpvcp"c"uî"okuocu."ow{"rgtuqpcnkuvcu."ogtecpvknkuvcu"{qrcecu." igtqpvqetâvkecu" {"ocuewnkpk|cfcu." eqp" wpqu" kpvgtgugu" {" cevwcekqpgu" dâukec/ogpvg"qtkgpvcfqu"c"uw"cwvqrgtrgvwcekôp0

8;


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ß Wpc"ectcevgtîuvkec"eqoûp"c"guvcu" vtgu" ênkvgu" vtcfkekqpcngu"gu"wpc"gxkfgpvg"{"wtigpvgpgegukfcf" fg" tgecodkq" igpgtcekqpcn0" Ugiûp" nqu" fcvqu" fgn" KPG." ecuk" gn" 62'" fg" ncugphgtogtcu" eqngikcfcu" rqvgpekcnogpvg" cevkxcu" vkgpg" ogpqu" fg" 57" còqu." {" gn" 82'.ogpqu"fg"67"còqu0"[."ukp"godctiq."pq"gu"hâekn"gpeqpvtctug"eqp"rtqhgukqpcngu"fg"guvquitwrqu"gvctkqu"gp"pkpiwpq"fg"nqu"vtgu"eqngevkxqu0"Vcpvq"uk"ug"gzrnkec"rqt"rtâevkecu"vcrq/pcfqtcu"rqt"rctvg"fg"ncu"rtqrkcu"ênkvgu"q"rqt"wp"enctq"fgukpvgtêu"fg"ncu"pwgxcu"igpgtc/ekqpgu"rqt"vqoct"gn"tgngxq."{"rtqdcdngogpvg"gzkuvcp"tgncekqpgu"fg"ecwuc"ghgevq"gpvtgcodqu"hcevqtgu." ncu"ênkvgu"fgdgtîcp"ugt"eqpuekgpvgu"fg"nc"pgegukfcf"wtigpvg"fg"jcegtecpvgtc."guvkowncpfq"{"crq{cpfq"nc"crctkekôp"fg"pwgxcu"ogpvcnkfcfgu"{"xkukqpgu"oâunkicfcu"c"ncu"tgcnkfcfgu"cukuvgpekcngu"fgn"fîc"c"fîc0

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ß Gp"ewcpvq"c"nc"rtguetkrekôp"gphgtogtc."pq"fgdgtîc"rtgugpvctug."eqoq"guvâ"jcekgpfq"gnEqpuglq"Igpgtcn"fg"Gphgtogtîc"*EIG+."eqoq"gn" vtkwphq"fg"wpc"xkglc"tgkxkpfkecekôpswg"gp"tgcnkfcf"pwpec"nq"hwg."ukpq"eqoq"wpc"pwgxc"rqukdknkfcf"swg"eqpnngxc"tgurqp/ucdknkfcfgu"{"gzkigpekcu"còcfkfcu0"Nc"xgpvc"swg"ug"guvâ"tgcnk|cpfq"fg"ewtuqu"{"crnkec/ekqpgu"kphqtoâvkecu"rctc"swg"›vqfcu"ncu"gphgtogtcu"rwgfcp"ugt"rtguetkrvqtcufi."ewcpfqug"fgueqpqegp"nqu"curgevqu"oâu"dâukequ"fgn"fgucttqnnq"fg"nc"rtguetkrekôp."nqu"ogfkec/ogpvqu"swg"ug"cwvqtk|ctâp."ncu"gzkigpekcu"{"ectcevgtîuvkecu"fg"ncu"cevkxkfcfgu"hqtocvk/xcu" q" nqu" itcfqu" fg" nkdgtvcf" swg" vgpftâp" nqu" ugtxkekqu" cwvqpôokequ" fg" ucnwf" rctctgincogpvct."igpgtc"gzrgevcvkxcu"kttgcngu0"Gp"pkpiûp"rcîu"fgn"owpfq"ug"jc"rncpvgcfqcniq"cuî"eqoq" nc"dcttc" nkdtg"rtguetkrvqtc"swg"cswî" ug"guvâ"xgpfkgpfq"cn"chktoct"swgvqfcu"ncu"gphgtogtcu"rqftâp"rtguetkdkt":20222"ogfkecogpvqu0

92


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ß Gp"ewcpvq"c"ncu"ênkvgu"gphgtogtcu."gn"rtkpekrcn"rtqdngoc"swg"rncpvgc"nc"gphgtogtîc"gpguvc"rqukdng"guvtcvgikc"eqoûp"gu"swg"uw"tgrtgugpvcekôp"eqtrqtcvkxc"ug"gpewgpvtc"cduq/nwvcogpvg"ckuncfc"c"pkxgn" kpvgtpq"{"gzvgtpq<" c"fîc"fg"jq{"pq"gu" crtgekcfc"eqoq"wpuqekq"eqphkcdng."pk"rqt"nc"oc{qt"rctvg"fgn"tguvq"fg"ncu"qticpk|cekqpgu"gphgtogtcu"pkrqt"qvtcu"qticpk|cekqpgu"rtqhgukqpcngu."ow{"gurgekcnogpvg"nc"QOE0"Guvq"uwrqpg"wpxgtfcfgtq"rtqdngoc"swg"fgdgtîc"ugt"cfokvkfq"{"fgdcvkfq"gp"gn"ugpq"fg"nc"qticpk|cekôp

93


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ß Gp"ewcpvq"c"nc"rtqhgukôp"fg"gphgtogtîc."pq"ug"fgdgtîc"egfgt"c"nc"vgpvcekôp"fg"fglctugogegt"eqphkcfcogpvg"gp"wpc"eqttkgpvg"swg"rqftîc"pq"ugt"vcp"etgcvkxc"{"rtôurgtc"eqoqgp"rtkpekrkq"rqftîc"rctgegt0"Gp"rtkogt"nwict."rqtswg"fgdgtîc"fctug"ewgpvc"fg"swg"guvqupwgxqu"fgucttqnnqu"fkuvctâp"owejq"fg"ugt"kiwcnkvctkqu."rqt"nq"swg"uwrqpftâp"pgeguctkc/ogpvg"wpc"htciogpvcekôp"fgn"ewgtrq"uqekcn"gphgtogtq."gp"wp"eqpvgzvq."cfgoâu."gp"gnswg" uwu" tgvtkdwekqpgu" {" guvcvwu" rtqhgukqpcn" pq" fgrgpfgtâp" pgeguctkcogpvg" fg" guvcuectcevgtîuvkecu." owejq" ogpqu" gp" wp" UPU" vcp" htciogpvcfq" rqnîvkecogpvg" fqpfg" ugetgc"tâp"rwguvqu"fg"vtcdclq"ow{"fkurctgu"rctc"wp"okuoq"pkxgn"fg"ewcnkhkecekôp"hqtocn0["gp"ugiwpfq"nwict."rqtswg"fgdgtîcp"eqpvct"eqp"swg"gzkuvktâp"rtgukqpgu"rctc"egfgt"cnc"gphgtogtîc"ûpkecogpvg"ncu"vctgcu"{"hwpekqpgu"swg"c"qvtcu"rtqhgukqpgu"ngu"rctg|ecpkpfgugcdngu"{"pq"cswênncu"swg"c" nc"gphgtogtîc" ng"rctg|ecp"fgugcdngu0"Nc"gphgtogtîcfgdgtîc"cdtkt"wp"rtqeguq"fg"tghngzkôp"uqdtg"ncu"qrqtvwpkfcfgu"{"cogpc|cu"fg"nqu"pwg/xqu"fgucttqnnqu."ewguvkqpcpfq"gn"octmgvkpi"rqnîvkeq"eqp"gn"swg"owejcu"fg"uwu"ênkvgu.swg"dâukecogpvg"curktcp"c"ugiwkt"guvcpfq"cn"octigp"fg"wp"ogtecfq"ncdqtcn"vcp"rtqeg/nquq."cfqtpcp"uwu"tgvôtkecu0

ß Gp"ewcpvq"c"nc"hqtocekôp"gphgtogtc"dâukec."wpc"xg|"ucvkuhgejc"nc"oc{qt"rctvg"fg"ncutgkxkpfkecekqpgu"{"pgegukfcfgu"goqekqpcngu"fg"ncu"xkglcu"ênkvgu"gu"rtgekuq"gorg|ct"crgpuct"gp"ncu"fg"ncu"pwgxcu"igpgtcekqpgu0"Nc"pgegukfcf"oâu"igpgtcn"{"rgtgpvqtkc"gucxcp|ct"gp"nc"xîc"fg"wpc"oc{qt"{"oglqt"eqpitwgpekc"gpvtg"nqu"rncpgu"fqegpvgu."nqu"fg"/ucttqnnqu"fg"ecttgtc"rtqhgukqpcn"{"ncu"tgcnkfcfgu"cukuvgpekcngu0"Nc"cfcrvcekôp"cn"GGGUfgdg"vtcfwektug"gp"rncpgu"fqegpvgu"swg"eqpvgorngp"pwgxcu"eqorgvgpekcu"rtqhgukqpc/ngu"cfgewcfcu"c"ncu"gzrgevcvkxcu"tgcngu"fg"fgucttqnnq"rtqhgukqpcn"gp"nqu"egpvtqu"{"ugt/xkekqu" ucpkvctkqu." kpenwuq" cwpswg" owejcu" fg" guvcu" gzrgevcvkxcu" fg" fgucttqnnqeqpvtcfkicp"gp"cniûp"ugpvkfq"gn"fqioc"gphgtogtq"jqnîuvkeq0"Uk"c"ncu"gphgtogtcu"ug"nguguvâ"gorg|cpfq"c"rgfkt"swg"fgugorgògp"hwpekqpgu"swg"jcp"guvcfq"jcuvc"cjqtc"tgugt/xcfcu"c"nqu"oêfkequ."vgpftâp"swg"kt"kpeqtrqtâpfqug"c"nqu"rtqitcocu"fqegpvgu"cswgnncueqorgvgpekcu"swg"rtgekugp"rctc"tgcnk|ct"uw"pwgxq"vtcdclq0

ß Gp"ewcpvq"c"nc"hqtocekôp"fg"rquitcfq."nqu"guswgocu"hqtocvkxqu"c"ogfkq"crnkect."eqoqncu"gurgekcnkfcfgu."{"nqu"swg"ug"gorg|ctâp"c"crnkect."gn"fgpqokpcfq"vgtegt"ekenq."cwp/swg"guvc"fgpqokpcekôp"{c"ug"guvâ"swgfcpfq"qduqngvc."rctgegp"gpvtct"gp"rngpc"eqnkukôpeqpegrvwcn0"Rtqdcdngogpvg"ugtîcp"ocipîhkequ"gp"ukuvgocu"cdkgtvqu"{"etgcvkxqu."{c"swgrtqrqtekqpctîcp"wpc"ocipîhkec"dcug"rctc"fct"tgurwguvcu"ad hoc c"ncu"fkhgtgpvgu"pgeg/ukfcfgu"swg"ug"xcp"rtgugpvcpfq"gp"nqu"fkhgtgpvgu"pkxgngu"fgn"ukuvgoc0"Rgtq"gp"ukuvgocuhwgtvgogpvg"dwtqetâvkequ."egpvtcnkuvcu."kuqoqthkuvcu"{"eqtrqtcvkxkuvcu"eqoq"gn"pwguvtq.guvc"eqgzkuvgpekc"uônq"rwgfg"uwrqpgt"wp"rtqdngoc"rctc" nc"rncpkhkecekôp"fg"tgewtuqujwocpqu"{"wpc"hwgpvg"fg"htwuvtcekôp"rctc"nqu"rtqhgukqpcngu0"Vqfcu"ncu"cfokpkuvtcekq/

94


pgu" {" cigpekcu" kornkecfcu" *EKUPU." Eqpuglq" Pcekqpcn" fg" Gurgekcnkfcfgu" fgGphgtogtîc."Eqpuglq"fg"Eqqtfkpcekôp"Wpkxgtukvctkc+"fgdgtîcp"cuwokt"nc"pgegukfcf"fgcpcnk|ct"eqplwpvcogpvg"guvqu"fqu"fgucttqnnqu"rctcngnqu"{"vtcvct"fg"wpkhkectnqu"fgpvtq"fgwp"oqfgnq"igpgtcn"fg"fgucttqnnq"rtqhgukqpcn"gphgtogtq"dcucfq"gp"ncu"rqukdknkfcfgu"{pgegukfcfgu"tgcngu"fg"ecttgtc"rtqhgukqpcn0

ß Gp"ewcpvq"c"nc"rtguetkrekôp"gphgtogtc."rqftîc"fgugorgòct"wp"rcrgn"ow{"korqtvcpvggp"CR"{"gp"nqu"ugtxkekqu"uqekqucpkvctkqu."vqfq"fgrgpfg"fgn"gphqswg"swg"ug"cfqrvg"gpuw"fgucttqnnq"{."uqdtg"vqfq."fg"swg"ug"gpewcftg"gp"rncpgu"q"oqfgnqu"igpgtcngu0"Nqufgucttqnnqu"cpfcnwegu"uqp"ow{"rqukvkxqu."rtgekucogpvg"rqtswg"guvâp"cfgewcfcogpvggpoctecfqu"gp"wpc"guvtcvgikc"fg"kppqxcekôp"gp"ewkfcfqu"fg"gphgtogtîc0"C"pwguvtq"lwk/ekq."nc"rtguetkrekôp"gphgtogtc"gu"wpq"fg"nqu"ecuqu"gp"swg"oâu"lwuvkhkecfq"guvctîc"swgnc"pqtocvkxc"guvcvcn"cfqrvg"wpc"xkukôp" hceknkvcfqtc"fg"fgucttqnnqu"gurgeîhkequ"fg" nquugtxkekqu"fg"ucnwf"cwvqpôokequ."corctâpfqnqu"pqtocvkxcogpvg"gp"wp"tgincogpvq"fgoîpkoqu."rgtq."guq"uî."wpqu"oîpkoqu"swg"ictcpvkegp"nc"ecnkfcf"{"ugiwtkfcf"fg"nc"cuku/vgpekc" ucpkvctkc." kpenwkfc" nc" rtguvcekôp" hctoceêwvkec0" Rqt" qvtq" ncfq." pq" guvâ" fg"oâutgeqtfct"swg" ncu"rqnîvkecu"fg"gxcnwcekôp" uqp"gugpekcngu"rctc"swg" vqfq"gn" ukuvgoc" uggptkswg|ec"c"rctvkt"fg"fgucttqnnqu"nqecngu"gurgeîhkequ0

ß Gp"ewcpvq"c"nc"cukuvgpekc"uqekqucpkvctkc."{c"jgoqu"ugòcncfq"eôoq"uw"tcswîvkeq"fgucttq/nnq"ug"jc"eqpxgtvkfq"gp"wpq"fg"nqu"rtkpekrcngu"jâpfkecru"rctc"swg"nc"gphgtogtîc"gurc/òqnc"rwgfc"cuwokt"wpc"rqukekôp"owejq"oâu"egpvtcn"gpvtg"ncu"rtqhgukqpgu"ucpkvctkcu"{gp"gn"rtqrkq"UPU0"Nc"kpxgtukôp"rûdnkec"gp"cukuvgpekc"uqekqucpkvctkc"ug"jc"qtkgpvcfq"gpGurcòc."ow{"rtqdcdngogpvg"fg"ocpgtc"cegtvcfc."jcekc"nqu"ewkfcfqu"fqokeknkctkqu="rqtuw"rctvg."nc"cukuvgpekc"tgukfgpekcn"owguvtc"wp"enctq"rtgfqokpkq"fg"nc"kpkekcvkxc"rtkxcfceqp"wp"rgthkn"rtqhgukqpcn"ow{"dclq."guecucogpvg"ewcnkhkecfq0"Rqt"gnnq."rctc"nc"gphgt/ogtîc"gurcòqnc."rqvgpekct"wp"oc{qt"fgucttqnnq"fg"nqu"ugtxkekqu"uqekqucpkvctkqu"fgdgtîcuwrqpgt"wpc"crwguvc"guvtcvêikec"pwengct."gp"nc"swg"uw"nkfgtc|iq"gp"vqtpq"c"wpc"oc{qtewcnkhkecekôp"fktgevkxc"{"cukuvgpekcn"ugtîc"uw"rtkpekrcn"crqtvcekôp"c"wp"ugevqt"vcp"pgeg/ukvcfq"fg"rtqhgukqpcnk|cekôp0"Ukp"godctiq."c"nc"xkuvc"fg"ncu"guvtwevwtcu"rûdnkecu"{"fgogtecfq"fqokpcpvgu"gp"guvg"hwpfcogpvcn"ugevqt."gnnq"gzkiktâ"nc"gzkuvgpekc"fg"guvîow/nqu"ewnvwtcngu"{"ocvgtkcngu"cn"fgucttqnnq"fg"kpkekcvkxcu"cuqekcvkxcu"fg"ectâevgt"rtqhgukq/pcn"gp"wp"ogtecfq"okzvq"rûdnkeq/rtkxcfq"owejq"oâu"rtqhgukqpcnk|cfq0

95


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Cddqvv."C0"*3;::+."Vjg"u{uvgo"qh"rtqhguukqpu<"Cp"guuc{"qp"vjg"fkxkukqp"qh"gzrgtv"ncdqwt0"Ejkeciq."Vjg"Wpkxgtukv{"qh"Ejkeciq"Rtguu0

Cddqvv."C0"*3;;3+."Vjg"qtfgt"qh"rtqhguukqpcnk|cvkqp<"Cp"gorktkecn"cpcn{uku0"Work andOccupations, 3:."577/:60

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Cndgtfk"Ecuvgnn."T0"*3;;:+."Nc"kphnwgpekc"fgn"iêpgtq"gp"nc"gxqnwekôp"fg"nc"rtqhgukôp"gphgtogtc"gp"Gurcòc0"Metas de Enfermería, KK"*33+."42/480

Cndgtfk"Ecuvgnn."T0"{"Ewzctv"Ckpcwf."P0"*4227+."Ewkfcfqu."gphgtogtcu"{"fgucttqnnqrtqhgukqpcn<"Wpc"tghngzkôp"uqdtg"ncu"dcugu"fgn"glgtekekq"rtqhgukqpcn0"*Fkurqpkdng"gp<jvvr<11yyy0kpfgz/h0eqo1rtgugpekc1p4145ctvkewnq0rjr+0

Cnftkfig."O0"*3;;6+."Wpnkokvgf"nkcdknkv{A"Goqvkqpcn"ncdqwt"kp"pwtukpi"cpf"uqekcn"yqtm0"Journal of Advanced Nursing, 42*6+."944/4:0

Cnkcf"*4232+."Guvwfkq"422;"fgn"Ugevqt"Ucpkvctkq"Rtkxcfq0"Tguwogp"glgewvkxq0"Ocftkf.Cnkcf"Eqpqekokgpvq"{"Ugtxkekq"U0N0"*Fkurqpkdng"gp<jvvr<11yyy0cevcucpkvctkc0eqo1hkngugv1fqea7743:aHKEJGTQaPQVKEKCa3;5320rfh+0

Cnngp."F0"*4226+."Tg/tgcfkpi"pwtukpi"cpf"tg/ytkvkpi"rtcevkeg<"vqyctfu"cp"gorktkecnn{"dcugf"tghqtowncvkqp"qh"vjg"pwtukpi"ocpfcvg0"Nursing Inquiry, 33*6+."493/:50

ınxctg|"Pgdtgfc."E0"*422;+."Gphgtogtîc"rctc"pwgxcu"pgegukfcfgu<"pwgxqu"rtqhgukqpcngu."pwgxcu"eqorgvgpekcu"{"pwgxqu"ecorqu"fg"cevwcekôp0"Gxqnwekôp"fg"ncu"eqorgvgpekcu"{pgegukfcfgu"fg"nc"Gphgtogtîc"gp"Gurcòc0"Revista de Administración Sanitaria, 9*4+."3:7/;20

Cpgec"*4227+."Nkdtq"Dncpeq0"Rtq{gevq"fg"nc"vkvwncekôp"gphgtogtc."Cigpekc"Pcekqpcn"fgGxcnwcekôp"fg"nc"Ecnkfcf"{"Cetgfkvcekôp0"*Fkurqpkdng"gp<jvvr<11yyy0cpgec0gu1ogfkc13725821nkdtqdncpeqalwp27agphgtogtkc0rfh+0

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Dgtigp."C0"*3;;4+."Ecug"ocpcigogpv"kp"eqoowpkv{"ectg<"eqpegrvu."rtcevkegu"cpf"kornkecvkqpu"hqt"pwtukpi0 Journal of Advanced Nursing, 39*;+."3328/350

Dgtvtâp"Pqiwgt."E0"*4227+."Nc"hgokpkv|cekô"fg"nc"kphgtogtkc0"Ecwucnkvcv"k"guvtcvëikgu"rgtc"nc"hqtocekô"fgnu"rtqhguukqpcnu0"Vguku"fqevqtcn."Wpkxgtukfcf"fg"Iktqpc0"*Fkurqpkdng"gp<"jvvr<11yyy0vgukugpzctzc0pgv1VFZ/3242327/346:221+0

Dncem."P0"*4227+."Tkug"cpf"fgokug"qh"vjg"jqurkvcn<"c"tgcrrtckucn"qh"pwtukpi0"Dtkvkuj"Medical Journal, 553."35;6/;80

Dqfgpjgkogt."V0"et al. *4227+."Pwtugu"cu"ngcfgtu"kp"ejtqpke"ectg0"British MedicalJournal, 552."3;"fg"oct|q."834/8350

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Dqpg."F0"*4224+."Fkngoocu"qh"goqvkqp"yqtm"kp"pwtukpi"wpfgt"octmgv/ftkxgp"jgcnvjectg0 International Journal of Public Sector Management, 37*4+."362/720

Dqwtfkgw."R0"*3;99+."Qwvnkpg"qh"c"vjgqt{"qh"rtcevkeg0"Ecodtkfig."Ecodtkfig"Wpkxgtukv{"Rtguu0

Dqwtiwgkn."[0"*422:+."Pcvkqpcn"tgeqoogpfcvkqp"hqt"rtqhguukqpcn"umknn"okz0"Health Policy Monitor Online. *Fkurqpkdng"gp<"jvvr<11yyy0jro0qti1uwtxg{1ht1c3313+0

Dwejcp."L0"{"Ecnpcp."N0"*4227+."Umknn/okz"cpf"rqnke{"ejcpig"kp"vjg"jgcnvj"yqtmhqteg0"Pwtugu"kp"cfxcpegf"tqngu0"QGEF Health Working Papers 390"*Fkurqpkdng"gp<jvvr<11fz0fqk0qti132039:919658324946:8+0

Dwtguj."D0"{"Iqtfqp."U0"*4228+."Htqo"ukngpeg"vq"xqkeg<"Yjcv"pwtugu"mpqy"cpf"owuv"eqoowpkecvg"vq"vjg"rwdnke."Pwgxc"[qtm."Eqtpgnn"Wpkxgtukv{"Rtguu0

EEFGE"*4229+."Nc"rtguetkrekôp"gphgtogtc0"Dctegnqpc."Eqpuglq"fg"Eqngikqu"fg"Fkrnqocfqu"gp"Gphgtogtîc"fg"Ecvcnwòc0

EIG"*3;;:+."Nkdtq"dncpeq"fg"nc"crqtvcekôp"fg"nc"gphgtogtîc"c"nc"ucnwf"fg"nqu"gurcòqngu<"Ukvwcekôp"cevwcn"{"rtqurgevkxc"fg"hwvwtq"fg"uw"fgucttqnnq"rtqhgukqpcn0"Ocftkf."Eqpuglq"Igpgtcn"fgGphgtogtîc0

97


EIG"*4228+."Octeq"tghgtgpekcn"rctc"nc"rtguetkrekôp"gphgtogtc0"Ocftkf."EqpuglqIgpgtcn"fg"Gphgtogtîc0

EIG"*422;+."Rcevq"rqt"nc"ucpkfcf0"Crqtvcekqpgu"fgn"Eqpuglq"Igpgtcn"fg"Gphgtogtîc0Gpnceg"tqvq"q"ecodkcfq"gp"nc"ygd"fgn"EIG"*jvvr<11yyy0eig0gphgtowpfk0eqo+0

Ejcdq{gt."Y0"et al. *422:+."C"eqorctkuqp"qh"cevkxkvkgu"wpfgtvcmgp"d{"gptqnngf"cpftgikuvgtgf"pwtugu"qp"ogfkecn"yctfu"kp"Cwuvtcnkc<"Cp"qdugtxcvkqpcn"uvwf{0"InternationalJournal of Nursing Studies, 67*;+."3496/:60

Ejcodnkuu."F0H0"*3;;8+."Dg{qpf"ectkpi<"jqurkvcnu."pwtugu."cpf"vjg"uqekcn"qticpk|cvkqp"qh"gvjkeu0"Ejkeciq."Vjg"Wpkxgtukv{"qh"Ejkeciq"Rtguu0

Ejtkuvgpugp."E0O0"et al. *4222+."Yknn"fkutwrvkxg"kppqxcvkqpu"ewtg"jgcnvj"ectgA"HarvardBusiness Review, Ugrvkgodtg/Qevwdtg."4/320

Ejtkuvgpugp."V0"et al. *4228+."Rgthqtocpeg"ocpcigogpv"cpf"rwdnke"ugevqt"tghqto<"VjgNorwegian hospital reform. International Public Management Journal, ;*4+."335/5;0

EKJK"*4227+."Vjg"tgiwncvkqp"cpf"uwrrn{"qh"pwtug"rtcevkvkqpgt"kp"Ecpcfc0"Qvvcyc."Ecpcfkcp"Kpuvkvwvg"hqt"Jgcnvj"Kphqtocvkqp0

EPC"*422:+."Cfxcpegf"pwtukpi"rtcevkeg0"C"pcvkqpcn"htcogyqtm0"Qvvcyc."EcpcfkcpPwtugu"Cuuqekcvkqp0"*Fkurqpkdng"gp<jvvr<11yyy0epcckke0ec1EPC1fqewogpvu1rfh1rwdnkecvkqpu1CPRaPcvkqpcnaHtcogyqtmag0rfh+0

EPC"*422;+."4229"yqtmhqteg"rtqhkng"qh"Tgikuvgtgf"Pwtugu"kp"Ecpcfc"Qvvcyc."EcpcfkcpPwtugu"Cuuqekcvkqp"*Fkurqpkdng"gp<jvvr<11yyy0epc/ckke0ec1EPC1fqewogpvu1rfh1rwdnkecvkqpu14229aTPaUpcrujqvag0rfh+0

EQKD"*4227+."Gphgtogtcu"jq{<"Eôoq"uqoqu"{"eôoq"pqu"iwuvctîc"ugt0"Dctegnqpc.Eqnngik"Qhkekcn"f‚Kphgtogtkc"fg"Dctegnqpc"*Fkurqpkdng"gp<jvvr<114340;09403:1wrnqcfuDQ1Igpgtkec1Fqewogpvu1GPHGTOGTCU'42JQ['42OCSWGVCV0RFH+0

Eqpvgn"Ugiwtc."L0E0"*422:+."Ecug"ocpcigogpv"kp"Cpfcnwukc0"Health Policy MonitorOnline. *Fkurqpkdng"gp<"jvvr<11yyy0jro0qti1uwtxg{1gu1c3413+0

Eqqodgu."T0"*422:+."Ft"Pwtug"yknn"ugg"{qw"pqy0"British Medical Journal, 559."882/840

Eqqrgt"et al. *422:+."Uvcmgjqnfgtu)"xkgyu"qh"WM"pwtug"cpf"rjctocekuv"uwrrngogpvct{rtguetkdkpi0 Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, 35*6+."437/430

Eqtykp."T0I0"*3;83+."Tqng"eqpegrvkqp"cpf"ectggt"curktcvkqp<"C"uvwf{"qh"kfgpvkv{"kp"pwtukpi0"The Sociological Quarterly, 4*4+."8;/:80

Eqwtvgpc{."O0"*4228+."Fgdcvg<"Pwtukpi"rtguetkdkpi0"Eurohealth, 34*3+."6/80

Etquucp."D0C0"{"Hgtiwuqp."F0"*4227+."Gzrnqtkpi"pwtukpi"umknn/okz<"C"tgxkgy0 Journal ofNursing Management, 35*6+."578/840

98


Ewvenkhhg."L0T0"{"Ykgem."M0N0"*422:+."Ucnxcvkqp"qt"fcopcvkqp<"Fgeqpuvtwevkpi"pwtukpi)u"curktcvkqpu"vq"rtqhguukqpcn"uvcvwu0 Journal of Nursing Management, 38."6;;/7290

Ewzctv"k"Ckpcwf."P0"*4228+."Nc"rtguetkrekôp"gphgtogtc<"Wpc"ukvwcekôp"kpfkurgpucdngrctc"nc"oglqtc"fgn"ukuvgoc"fg"ucnwf0"Dctegnqpc."Eqnngik"Qhkekcn"f‚Kphgtogtkc"fg"Dctegnqpc0

Fcjng."T0"*4225+."Ujkhvkpi"dqwpfctkgu"cpf"pgiqvkcvkqpu"qp"mpqyngfig<"Kpvgtrtqhguukqpcneqphnkevu"dgvyggp"pwtugu"cpf"pwtukpi"cuukuvcpvu"kp"Pqtyc{0"Kpvgtpcvkqpcn"Lqwtpcn"qh"Uqekqnqi{"cpf"Uqekcn"Rqnke{."45*617+."35;/7:0

Fcxkf."D0C0"*4222+."Pwtkpi‚u"igpfgt"rqnkvkeu<"Tghqtowncvkpi"vjg"hqqvpqvgu0 Advances inNursing Science, 45*3+.":5/;50

Fcxkgu."E0"*3;;7+."Igpfgt"cpf"vjg"rtqhguukqpcn"rtgfkecogpv"kp"pwtukpi0"Dwemkpjco."Qrgp"Wpkxgtukv{"Rtguu0

Fc{mkp."P0"{"Enctmg."D0"*4222+"flVjg{)nn"uvknn"igv"vjg"dqfkn{"ectg‚0"Fkueqwtugu"qh"ectg"cpftgncvkqpujkru"dgvyggp"pwtugu"cpf"jgcnvj"ectg"cuukuvcpvu"kp"vjg"PJU0"Sociology of Health& Illness, 44*5+."56;/850

Fg"Okiwgn."L0O0"*3;:4+."Rctc"wp"cpânkuku"uqekqnôikeq"fg"nc"rtqhgukôp"oêfkec0"TGKU."42.323/420

Fgn"Oct."E0D0"{"Fy{gt."P0"*4228+."C"tcfkecn"pgy"vtgcvogpv"hqt"vjg"ukem"jgcnvj"yqtmhqteg."Medical Journal of Australia, 3:7*3+."54/560

Fgn"Rkpq"Ecucfq."T0"{"Octvîpg|"Tkgtc."L0T0"*4229+."Guvtcvgikcu"rctc"oglqtct"nc"xkukdknkfcf"{"ceegukdknkfcf"fg"nqu"ewkfcfqu"gphgtogtqu"gp"cvgpekôp"rtkoctkc"fg"ucnwf0Revista de Administración Sanitaria, 7*4+."533/590

Fgpv."O0"*4227+."Ejcpikpi"lwtkufkevkqpu"ykvjkp"vjg"jgcnvj"rtqhguukqpuA"Cwvqpqo{.ceeqwpvcdknkv{"cpf"gxkfgpeg"dcugf"rtcevkeg0"4th International Critical ManagementStudies Conference. *Fkurqpkdng"gp<"jvvr<11ogtnkp0opiv0yckmcvq0ce0p|1gltqv1eoueqphgtgpeg142271rtqeggfkpiu1rtqhguukqpu1Fpv0rfh+0

FJUU/JTUC"*4232+."Vjg"Tgikuvgtgf"Pwtug"rqrwncvkqp0"Kpkvkcn"hkpfkpiu"htqo"vjg"422:"Pcvkqpcn"Ucorng"Uwtxg{"qh"Tgikuvgtgf"Pwtugu0"W0U0"Fgrctvogpv"qh"Jgcnvj"cpf"Jwocp"Ugtxkegu."Jgcnvj"Tguqwtegu"cpf"Ugtxkegu"Cfokpkuvtcvkqp0"*Fkurqpkdng"gp<jvvr<11djrt0jtuc0iqx1jgcnvjyqtmhqteg1tpuwtxg{+0

Fkpiycnn."T0"{"Cnngp."F0"*4223+."Vjg"kornkecvkqpu"qh"jgcnvjectg"tghqtou"hqt"vjgrtqhguukqp"qh"pwtukpi0"Nursing Inquiry, :*4+."86/960

FqJ"*4228+."Oqfgtpkukpi"pwtukpi"ectggtu0"Ugvvkpi"vjg"fktgevkqp0"Nqpftgu."Fgrctvogpv"qh"Jgcnvj0"*Fkurqpkdng"gp<jvvr<11yyy0fj0iqx0wm1gp1Rwdnkecvkqpucpfuvcvkuvkeu1Rwdnkecvkqpu1RwdnkecvkqpuRqnke{CpfIwkfcpeg1FJa635:978+0

FqJ"*4229+."Vqyctfu"c"htcogyqtm"hqt"rquv"tgikuvtcvkqp"pwtukpi"ectggtu0"Nqpftgu.Fgrctvogpv"qh"Jgcnvj0"*Fkurqpkdng"gp<jvvr<11yyy0fj0iqx0wm1gp1Eqpuwnvcvkqpu1Enqugfeqpuwnvcvkqpu1FJa29;;33+0

99


FqJ"*4232+."Htqpv"Nkpg"Ectg<"Vjg"hwvwtg"qh"pwtukpi"cpf"okfykhgt{"kp"Gpincpf0"Tgrqtv"qh"vjg"Rtkog"Okpkuvgt‚u"Eqookuukqp"qp"vjg"Hwvwtg"qh"Pwtukpi"cpf"Okfykhgt{"kpGpincpf"42320"Nqpftgu."Etqyp0"*Fkurqpkdng"gp<jvvr<11epo0kpfgrgpfgpv0iqx0wm1yr/eqpvgpv1wrnqcfu142321251htqpvankpgaectg0rfh+0

Fqjgtv{."E0"*422;+."C"swcnkvcvkxg"uvwf{"qh"jgcnvj"ugtxkeg"tghqto"qp"pwtugu‚"yqtmkpi"nkxgu<"Ngctpkpi"htqo"vjg"WM"Pcvkqpcn"Jgcnvj"Ugtxkeg"*PJU+0"International Journal ofNursing Studies, 68*:+."3356/640

Fqoîpiwg|/Cneôp."E0"*3;9;+."Rctc"wpc"uqekqnqiîc"fg"nc"rtqhgukôp"fg"gphgtogtîc"gp"Gurcòc0"TGKU.":."325/4;0

Fqoîpiwg|/Cneôp."E0"*3;:8+."Nqu"ewkfcfqu"{"nc"rtqhgukôp"gphgtogtc"gp"Gurcòc0"Ocftkf."Rktâokfg0

Ftgkgt."C0"et al. *4232+."C"ewttkewnwo"hqt"pwtugu"kp"Igtocp{"wpfgtvcmkpi"ogfkecnn{/fgngicvgf"vcumu"kp"rtkoct{"ectg0"Journal of Advanced Nursing, 88*5+."857/660

Fwhhkgnf."E0"et al. *422;+."Cfxcpegf"pwtukpi"rtcevkeg<"C"inqdcn"rgturgevkxg0"Eqnngikcp."38*4+."77/840

Fwtô."I0"*3;;:+."Nc"kocigp"fg"nc"gphgtogtîc"htgpvg"c"nc"qrkpkôp"rûdnkec0"Eqphgtgpekc"fkevcfc"gn";"fg"lwpkq"fg"3;;:"gp"nc"GWG"fg"nc"Wpkxgtukfcf"fg"Cnecnâ0

Gpe{enqrgfkc"qh"Jgcnvj"Ugtxkegu"Tgugctej"*422;+."›Pwtugufi0"Gfkekôp"fkikvcn."UCIGRwdnkecvkqpu0*Fkurqpkdng"gp<"jvvr<11ucig/gtghgtgpeg0eqo1jgcnvjugtxkegu1Ctvkengap4;70jvon+0

Gxcpu."T0I0"*3;;:+."Jgcnvj"hqt"cnn"qt"ygcnvj"hqt"uqog<"Eqphnkevkpi"iqcnu"kp"jgcnvj"ectgtghqto0"Xcpeqwxgt."Jgcnvj"Rqnke{"Tgugctej"Wpkv."Dtkvkuj"Eqnwodkc"Wpkxgtukv{0*Fkurqpkdng"gp<"jvvr<11yyy0ejurt0wde0ec1hkngu1rwdnkecvkqpu13;;:1jrtw;:/34F0rfh+0

Hclctfq"Vtcuqdctgu."O0G0"{"Igtoâp"Dgu."E0"*4226+."Kphnwgpekc"fgn"iêpgtq"gp"gntgeqpqekokgpvq"fg"nqu"ewkfcfqu"gphgtogtqu"xkukdngu"g"kpxkukdngu0"Kpfgz"fg"Gphgtogtîc.68.";/340

Hqtu{vj."R0D0"{"Fcpkukgyke|."V0L0"*3;:7+."Vqyctf"c"vjgqt{"qh"rtqhguukqpcnk|cvkqp0"Work and Occupations, 34*3+."7;/980

Htcpeku."D0"{"Jworjtg{u."L0"*3;;;+."Gptqnngf"pwtugu"cpf"vjg"rtqhguukqpcnkucvkqp"qhpwtukpi<"C"eqorctkuqp"qh"pwtug"gfwecvkqp"cpf"umknn/okz"kp"Cwuvtcnkc"cpf"vjg"WM0International Journey of Nursing Studies, 58*4+."349/570

Htcpekueq"fgn"Tg{."E"*422:+0"Fg"nc"rtâevkec"fg"nc"gphgtogtîc"c"nc"vgqtîc"gphgtogtc0Eqpegrekqpgu"rtgugpvgu"gp"gn"glgtekekq"rtqhgukqpcn0"Vguku"fqevqtcn."Wpkxgtukfcf"fgCnecnâ0"Fkurqpkdng"gp<"jvvr<11furceg0wcj0gu1lurwk1jcpfng13223914922+0

Htgkfuqp."G0"*3;9:+"Nc"rtqhgukôp"oêfkec0"Dctegnqpc."Rgpîpuwnc0

9:


Icncq"Ocnq."T0"*422;+."Gphgtogtîc"fg"rtâevkec"cxcp|cfc"gp"Gurcòc<"cjqtc"gu"gnoqogpvq0"Index de Enfermería *gfkekôp"fkikvcn+."3:"*6+0"*Fkurqpkdng"gp<jvvr<11yyy0kpfgz/h0eqo1kpfgz/gphgtogtkc1x3:p6192;20rjr+0

Iôog|"Rkectf."R0"*422:+"Tghngzkqpgu"uqdtg"nc"rtguetkrekôp"gphgtogtc."Revista Tesela*gfkekôp"fkikvcn+."50"*Fkurqpkdng"gp<"jvvr<11yyy0kpfgz/h0eqo1vgugnc1vu51vu89::0rjr+0

Itqgpgygigp."R0R0"*422:+."Wrfcvg"qp"Pwtug"Rtcevkvkqpgtu."Health Policy MonitorOnline, qevwdtg"422:0"*Fkurqpkdng"gp<"jvvr<11yyy0jro0qti1uwtxg{1pn1c3414+0

Jco."E0"*4232+."Yqtmkpi"vqigvjgt"hqt"jgcnvj<"Cejkgxgogpvu"cpf"ejcnngpigu"kp"vjgMckugt"PJU"Dgceqp"Ukvgu"Rtqitcoog0 HSMC Policy Paper 6, Wpkxgtukv{"qhDktokpijco"*Fkurqpkdng"gp<"jvvr<11yyy0juoe0djco0ce0wm1rwdnkecvkqpu1rqnke{/rcrgtu1Mckugtarqnke{arcrgtaLcpa42320rfh+0

Jgtfocp."G0C0"*4223+."Vjg"knnwukqp"qh"rtqitguu"kp"pwtukpi0"Nursing Philosophy, 4."6350

Jgtpâpfg|"Octvîp."H0"*eqqtf0+"*3;;8+."Jkuvqtkc"fg"nc"gphgtogtîc"gp"Gurcòc0"Fgufg"nc"cpvki°gfcf"jcuvc"pwguvtqu"fîcu0"Ocftkf."Uîpvguku0

Jgt|nkpigt."T0G0"*4228+."Yj{"kppqxcvkqp"kp"jgcnvj"ectg"ku"uq"jctfA"Harvard Business Review,Oc{q."4/;0

Jqttqemu."U0"et al. *4224+."U{uvgocvke"tgxkgy"qh"yjgvjgt"pwtug"rtcevkvkqpgtu"yqtmkpi"kprtkoct{"ectg"ecp"rtqxkfg"gswkxcngpv"ectg"vq"fqevqtu0"British Medical Journal, 546.":3;/450

KEP"*422:+."Vjg"ueqrg"cpf"rtcevkeg."uvcpfctfu"cpf"eqorgvgpekgu"qh"vjg"Cfxcpegf"Rtcevkeg"Pwtug0"Ikpgdtc."Kpvgtpcvkqpcn"Eqwpekn"qh"Pwtugu0

KEP"*422;+."Korngogpvkpi"pwtug"rtguetkdkpi0"Ikpgdtc."Kpvgtpcvkqpcn"Eqwpekn"qh"Pwtugu0

Kpuvkvwvg"qh"Ogfkekpg"*4226+."Mggrkpi"rcvkgpvu"uchg0"Vtcpuhqtokpi"vjg"yqtmgpxktqpogpv"qh"pwtugu0"Ycujkpivqp"FE."Vjg"Pcvkqpcn"Cecfgo{"Rtguu0

Kpuvkvwvg"qh"Ogfkekpg"*422;+."Vjg"jgcnvjectg"korgtcvkxg<"Nqygtkpi"equvu"cpf"kortqxkpi"qwveqogu<"Dtkgh"uwooct{"qh"c"yqtmujqr0"Ycujkpivqp."Pcvkqpcn"Cecfgo{"qh"Uekgpegu0*Fkurqpkdng"gp<"jvvr<11yyy0pcr0gfw1ecvcnqi1349720jvon+0

Lgppkpiu."P0"et al. *422:+."Gxcnwcvkpi"qwveqogu"qh"vjg"gogtigpe{"pwtug"rtcevkvkqpgt"tqng"kp"c"oclqt"wtdcp"gogtigpe{"fgrctvogpv."Ogndqwtpg."Cwuvtcnkc0"Journal of ClinicalNursing, 39*:+."3266/720

Lqjpuqp."V0"*3;94+."Rtqhguukqpu"cpf"rqygt0"Nqpftgu."Oceoknncp0

Lwvgn."C0"{"Ogpmgu."F0D0"*422:+."Uqhv"vctigvu<"Pwtugu"cpf"vjg"rjctocegwvkecn"kpfwuvt{0"PloS Medicine, 7*4+."3;5/;:0

Mpggdqpg."T0"{"Fct|k."C0"*4227+."Pgy"rtqhguukqpcn"tqngu"kp"uwtigt{0 British MedicalJournal, 552.":25/260

9;


Ncwtcpv."O0"et al. *4226+."Pwtug"rtcevkvkqpgtu"fq"pqv"tgfweg"vjg"yqtmnqcf"qh"IRu"⁄"c"tcpfqok|gf"eqpvtqnngf"vtkcn0"Dtkvkuj"Ogfkecn"Lqwtpcn."54:.";49/520"

Ncy."M0"{"Ctcpfc."M0"*422;+"Vjg"ujkhvkpi"hqwpfcvkqpu"qh"pwtukpi0"Nurse EducationToday Online. *Fkurqpkdng"gp<jvvr<11fqypnqcf0lqwtpcnu0gnugxkgtjgcnvj0eqo1rfhu1lqwtpcnu124828;391RKKU24828;392;2243:60rfh+0"

Ngyku."T0"*4223+."Pwtug/ngf"rtkoct{"ectg0"Ngctpkpi"htqo"ROU"rknqvu0"Nqpftgu."Mkpi‚uHwpf0

Nkpfdncf."G0"et al. *4232+."Gzrgtkgpegu"qh"vjg"pgy"tqng"qh"cfxcpegf"rtcevkeg"pwtugu"kp"Uygfkuj"rtkoct{"jgcnvj"ectg0"C"swcnkvcvkxg"uvwf{0 International Journal of Nursing Practice, 38*3+."8;/960

Nôrg|."U0J0"*4228+."Goqvkqpcn"ncdqt"cpf"qticpk|gf"goqvkqpcn"ectg<"Eqpegrvwcnk|kpi"pwtukpi"jqog"ectg"yqtm0"Work and Occupations, 55*4+."355/820

Octvîpg|"Tkgtc."L0T0"*422:+."Rtguetkrekôp"gphgtogtc0"Pk"uî."pk"pq."ukpq"vqfq"nq"eqpvtctkq0"e-Ras.

Octvîpg|"Tkgtc."L0T0"{"Ucplwâp"Swkngu."C0"*422;+."ÀRqt"swê"jcdncoqu"fg"eqpvkpwkfcf"fgewkfcfqu"ewcpfq"tgcnogpvg"swgtgoqu"fgekt"ucvkuhceekôp"rtqhgukqpcnA"Revista deAdministración Sanitaria, 9*6+."883/:40

Ocvgucp|"Ucpvkciq."O0C0"*422;+."Rcucfq."rtgugpvg"{"hwvwtq"fg"nc"Gphgtogtîc<"Wpc"crvkvwf"eqpuvcpvg0"Revista de Administración Sanitaria, 9*4+."465/820

Oc{pctf."C0"*4228+."Fgdcvg<"Pwtug"rtguetkdkpi0"Eurohealth, 34*3+."8/90

OeEctvpg{."Y0"et al. *3;;;+."Pwtug"rtguetkdkpi<"Tcfkecnkuo"qt"vqmgpkuoA"Journal of Advanced Nursing, 4;*4+."56:/760

Okpkuvgtkq"fg"Gfwecekôp"*422;+."Kphqtog"uqdtg"nc"qhgtvc."nc"fgocpfc"{"nc"ocvtîewnc"fgpwgxq"kpitguq0"Ewtuq"4229/2:0"*Fkurqpkdng"gp<jvvr<11yyy0gfwecekqp0gu1fevo1ogru{f1gfwecekqp1wpkxgtukfcfgu1guvcfkuvkecukphqtogu1guvcfkuvkecu1pwgxqkpitguq/wpkxgtukfcfgu/rwdnkecu0rfhAfqewogpvKf?2;23g94d:226:d8h+0

Oktô"Dqpgv."O0"*422:+."ÀRqt"swê"uqoqu"eqoq"uqoquA"Eqpvkpwkfcfgu"{vtcpuhqtocekqpgu"fg"nqu"fkuewtuqu"{"ncu"tgncekqpgu"fg"rqfgt"gp"nc"kfgpvkfcf"fg"ncu1qugphgtogtcu1qu"gp"Gurcòc"*3;78/3;98+0"Vguku"fqevqtcn."Wpkxgtukvcv"fg"ngu"Knngu"Dcngctu0*Fkurqpkdng"gp<"jvvr<11yyy0vgukugpzctzc0pgv1VGUKUaWKD1CXCKNCDNG1VFZ/294;32;35352311vood3fg30rfh0+0

Oqnkpgt"Rtcfc."E0"g"Kingukcu"Engogpvg."L0O0"*4227+."Nc"ecttgtc"rtqhgukqpcn"gp"cvgpekôprtkoctkc."Ànc"uqnwekôpA Revista de Administración Sanitaria, 5*3+."353/640

Oqwpvhqtf."N0"{"Tqugp."T0"*4223+."PJU"Ycnm/kp"egpvtgu"kp"Nqpfqp0"Nqpftgu."Mkpi‚u"Hwpf0

Pcxcttq"Nôrg|."X0"{"Octvîp/\wttq."C0"*422;+."Rtq{gevq"fg"kpxguvkicekôp<"Nc"CvgpekôpRtkoctkc"fg"Ucnwf"gp"Gurcòc"{"uwu"eqowpkfcfgu"cwvôpqocu0"Dctegnqpc."Ugoh{eGfkekqpgu0

:2


Pgnuqp."U0"*4229c+."Fg"nc"cwvqpqoîc"c"nc"tgurqpucdknkfcf<"Curgevqu"kpfkxkfwcngu"{"fg"eqplwpvq"gp"nc"rtâevkec"cevwcn"fg"nc"gphgtogtîc0"Enfermería Clínica, 39*6+."3/40

Pgnuqp."U0"*4229d+."Godqfkgf"mpqykpiA"Vjg"eqpuvkvwvkqp"qh"gzrgtvkug"cu"oqtcn"rtcevkeg"kp"pwtukpi0"Texto & Contexto Enfermagem, 38*3+."358/630

PJU"*3;;;+."Tgxkgy"qh"rtguetkdkpi."uwrrn{"("cfokpkuvtcvkqp"qh"ogfkekpgu0"Nqpftgu.Pcvkqpcn"Jgcnvj"Ugtxkeg0"*Fkurqpkdng"gp<"jvvr<11yyy0fj0iqx0wm1gp1Rwdnkecvkqpucpfuvcvkuvkeu1Rwdnkecvkqpu1RwdnkecvkqpuRqnke{CpIwkfcpeg1FJa6299373+0

PJU"*4232+."PJU"uvchh"pwodgtu."3;;;/422;0"*Fkurqpkdng"gp<jvvr<11yyy0ke0pju0wm1uvcvkuvkeu/cpf/fcvc/eqnngevkqpu1yqtmhqteg1pju/uvchh/pwodgtu+0

POE"*4227+."Korngogpvcvkqp"qh"c"htcogyqtm"hqt"vjg"uvcpfctf"hqt"rquv"tgikuvtcvkqppwtukpi0"Nqpftgu."Pwtukpi"cpf"Okfykhgt{"Eqwpekn0"*Fkurqpkdng"gp<jvvr<11yyy0ccprg0qti1NkpmEnkem0curzAhkngvkemgv?CRqv6uSiD3['5f(vcdkf?3273(o?;:4(ncpiwcig?gp/WU+0

POE"*422:+."Uvcvkuvkecn"cpcn{uku"qh"vjg"Tgikuvgt."3"Crtkn"4229"vq"53"Octej"422:0Nqpftgu."Pwtukpi"cpf"Okfykhgt{"Eqwpekn0"Fkurqpkdng"gp<jvvr<11yyy0poe/wm0qti1cFkurnc{Fqewogpv0curzAFqewogpvKF?7952+0

QEFG"*422;+."Jgcnvj"cv"c"incpeg"422;0"Fkurqpkdng"gp<jvvr<11yyy0qgefknkdtct{0qti1eqpvgpv1dqqm1jgcnvjaincpeg/422;/gp+0

Qnvtc"Tqftîiwg|."G0"*422;+."Gurgekcnkfcfgu"gphgtogtcu<"Gn"fîc"fgurwêu0 Revista deAdministración Sanitaria, 9*4+."4;5/5290

Qudqtp."I0F0"et al. *4232+."Dtgcuv"fkugcug"fkcipquvke"cdknkv{"qh"pwtug"rtcevkvkqpgtu"cpf"uwtigqpu0"Journal of Advanced Nursing, 88*9+."3674/7:0

Rgcteg{."R0"*4232+."flEctkpiA"Kv)u"vjg"nkvvng"vjkpiu"yg"ctg"pqv"uwrrqugf"vq"fq"cp{oqtg‚0"International Journal of Nursing Practice, 38*3+."73/780

Rgctuqp."C0"{"Rggnu."U0"*4224+."Cfxcpegf"rtcevkeg"kp"pwtukpi<"International perspective.International Journal of Nursing Practice, :*4+."U3/U60

Rgftc|."C0"*4227+."Gphgtogtîc"pq"guvâ"gp"gn"eôfkiq"WPGUEQ0"Nure Investigación*gfkekôp"fkikvcn+."350"*Fkurqpkdng"gp<jvvr<11yyy0hwfgp0gu1HKEJGTQUaCFOKPKUVTCFQT1gfkvqtkcn1Gfkvqtkcn'42350rfh+0

Rkvc"Dcttqu."R0"{"fg"Cnogkfc"Ukoùgu."L0"*4229+."Rqtvwicn0"Jgcnvj"u{uvgo"tgxkgy0"Health Systems in Transition, ;*7+."Eqrgpjciwg."YJQ"Tgikqpcn"Qhhkeg"hqt"Gwtqrg0

Rwte/Uvgrjgpuqp."T0L0."{"Vjtcujgt."E0"*4232+0"Pwtugu‚"gzrgtkgpegu"ykvj"vgngrjqpg"vtkcig"cpf"cfxkeg<"C"ogvc/gvjpqitcrj{0"Journal of Advanced Nursing, 88*5+."6:4/;60

Tcmqxumk."E0E0"{"Rtkeg/In{pp."M0"*422;+."Ectkpi"ncdqwt."kpvgtugevkqpcnkv{"cpf"yqtmgt"ucvkuhcevkqp<"Cp"cpcn{uku"qh"vjg"Pcvkqpcn"Pwtukpi"Cuukuvcpv"Uvwf{"*PPCU+0"Sociology ofHealth & Illness, 54*5+."622/360

:3


Tcokô"Lqhtg."C0"*4227+."Xcnqtgu"{"cevkvwfgu"rtqhgukqpcngu0"Guvwfkq"fg"nc"rtâevkecrtqhgukqpcn"gphgtogtc"gp"Ecvcnwp{c0"Vguku"fqevqtcn."Wpkxgtukfcf"fg"Dctegnqpc0*Fkurqpkdng"gp<"jvvr<11yyy0vgukugptgf0pgv1VGUKUaWD1CXCKNCDNG1VFZ/254;3283858671CTLaVGUKU0rfh+0

TEP"*4229+."Fqockpu"cpf"eqorgvgpekgu"hqt"WM"CPR"rtcevkeg0"Nqpftgu."Tq{cn"Eqnngigqh"Pwtukpi0"*Fkurqpkdng"gp<jvvr<11yyy0tep0qti0wm1fgxgnqrogpv1eqoowpkvkgu1tepahqtwoaeqoowpkvkgu1pwtugartcevkvkqpgt+0

Tggxgu."N0O0"et al. *422;+."Uwduvkvwvkqp"qh"fqevqtu"d{"pwtugu"kp"rtkoct{"ectg"*Tgxkgy+0The Cochrane Library, 422;"*3+0"*Fkurqpkdng"gp<jvvr<11yyy0oty0kpvgtuekgpeg0ykng{0eqo1eqejtcpg1enu{utgx1ctvkengu1EF2234931htcog0jon+0

Tgxgtd{."U0"*4223+."C"ectkpi"fkngooc<"Yqocpjqqf"cpf"pwtukpi"kp"jkuvqtkecn"rgturgevkxg0"Gp"G0E0"Jgkp"*gf0+."Pwtukpi"kuuwgu"kp"vjg"43uv"egpvwt{0"Rgturgevkxgu"htqovjg"nkvgtcvwtg0"Hkncfgnhkc."Nkrrkpeqvv"Yknnkcou"("Yknmkpu0

Tjêcwog."C0"*4225+."Vjg"ejcpikpi"fkxkukqp"qh"ncdqwt"dgvyggp"pwtugu"cpf"pwtukpicuukuvcpvu"kp"Pgy"Dtwpuykem0"Lqwtpcn"qh"Cfxcpegf"Pwtukpi."63*7+."657/650

Tjêcwog."C0"et al. *4229+."Vjg"Korcev"qh"jgcnvj"ectg"tguvtwevwtkpi"cpf"dceecncwtgcvg"gpvt{"vq"rtcevkeg"qp"pwtugu"kp"Pgy"Dtwpuykem0"Policy, Politics & Nursing Practice,:*4+."352/5;0

Tqftîiwg|"Icteîc."O0."et al. *422;+."Fgeqpuvtweekôp"fg"nc"rtqhgukôp"fg"gphgtogtîc"fgufg"nc"rgturgevkxc"fgn"iêpgtq0"ÀFgdknkfcf"q"hqtvcng|cA"Revista ROL de Enfermería, 54*9/:+."46/520

Tqogtq/Pkgxc"Nq|cpq."L0"*422;+."Nc"gurgekcnkfcf"fg"gphgtogtîc"hcoknkct"{"eqowpkvctkc<ÀGu"eqorcvkdng"eqp"ncu"gurgekcnkfcfgu"gphgtogtcu"fg"rgfkcvtîc."igtkcvtîc"{"ocvtqpcuARevista de Administración Sanitaria, 9*4+."4:7/;30

Twvv{."L0G0"*3;;:+."Vjg"pcvwtg"qh"rjknquqrj{"qh"uekgpeg."vjgqt{"cpf"mpqyngfig"tgncvkpi"vq"pwtukpi"cpf"rtqhguukqpcnkuo0"Journal of Advanced Nursing, 4:*4+."465/720

Ucplwcp"k"Pgdqv."N0H0"*422;+."Tgewtuqu"jwocpqu"fg"gphgtogtîc"gp"Gurcòc0"Revista deAdministración Sanitaria, 9*4+."453/640

Uctcdkc"{"Cnxctg|wfg."L0"*422;+."Nc"gphgtogtîc"{"gn"dctôogvtq"ucpkvctkq0 Revista de Administración Sanitaria, 9*4+."429/420

Ucxtkp."E0"*422;+."Itqyvj"cpf"fgxgnqrogpv"qh"vjg"pwtug"rtcevkvkqpgt"tqng"ctqwpf"vjginqdg0"Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 45*7+."532/360

Ukddcnf."D0."et al. *4228+"Cfxcpegf"pwtug"tqngu"kp"WM"rtkoct{"ectg0"The Medical Journal of Australia, 3:7*3+."32/340

Ujkgnfu."N0"{"Ycvuqp."T0"*4229+."Vjg"fgokug"qh"pwtukpi"kp"vjg"Wpkvgf"Mkpifqo<"C"yctpkpi"hqt"ogfkekpg0"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 322."92/960

Uwtuqem."C0"{"Uokfv."C0"*4232+."Vtgpfu"4232<"C"fgecfg"qh"ejcpig"kp"Gwtqrgcp"jkijgt"gfwecvkqp0"Dtwugncu."Gwtqrgcp"Wpkxgtukv{"Cuuqekcvkqp0

:4


Vjqocu."O0"{"J{pgu."E0"*422;+."Vjg"vkogu"vjg{"ctg"c"ejcpikp0"Journal of Nursing Management, 39*7+."745/530

Vjqtpng{."E0"*3;;7+."Ugiogpvcvkqp"cpf"kpgswcnkv{"vjg"pwtukpi"yqtmhqteg0"GpT0Etqorvqp"et al. *gfu0+."Ejcpikpi"hqtou"qh"gornq{ogpv0"Qticpkucvkqpu."umknnu"cpf"igpfgt0"Nqpftgu."Tqwvngfig0

Vjqtpng{."E0"*4223+."C"swguvkqp"qh"eqorgvgpegA"Tg/gxcnwcvkpi"vjg"tqngu"qh"vjg"pwtukpi"cwzknkct{"cpf"jgcnvj"ectg"cuukuvcpv"kp"vjg"PJU0"Journal of Clinical Nursing, ;*5+."673/7:0

Vkooqpu."U0"{"Vcppgt."L0"*4226+."C"fkurwvgf"qeewrcvkqpcn"dqwpfct{<"Qrgtcvkpi"vjgcvtg"pwtugu"cpf"qrgtcvkpi"fgrctvogpv"rtcevkvkqpgtu0"Sociology of Health & Illness, 48*7+.867/880

Vqog{."C0O0"{"Cnnkiqqf."O0T0"*4228+."Pwtukpi"vjgqtkuvu"cpf"vjgkt"yqtm0"Ucp"Nwku*Okuuqwtk+."Oqud{"Gnugxkgt0

Xgppkpi."R0"et al. *4222+."Tcpfqokugf"eqpvtqnngf"vtkcn"eqorctkpi"equv"ghhgevkxgpguu"qh"igpgtcn"rtcevkvkqpgtu"cpf"pwtug"rtcevkvkqpgtu"kp"rtkoct{"ectg0"British Medical Journal,542."326:/750

Ycnvgtu."X0"et al. *3;;:+."Yqtm"cpf"jgcnvj<"C"uvwf{"qh"vjg"qeewrcvkqpcn"cpf"fqoguvke"tqngu"qh"yqogp"tgikuvgtgf"pwtugu"cpf"tgikuvgtgf"rtcevkecn"pwtugu"kp"Qpvctkq."Ecpcfc0"Gender, Work and Organization, 7*6+."452/660

Ycvuqp."T0"{"Ujkgnfu."N0"*422;+."Etwgn"Dtkvcppkc<"C"rgtuqpcn"etkvkswg"qh"pwtukpi"kp"vjgWpkvgf"Mkpifqo0"Contemporary Nurse, 54*3/4+."64/760

Yknnkcou."L0."et al. *422;+."Ghhgevkxgpguu"qh"pwtug"fgnkxgtgf"gpfqueqr{<"hkpfkpiu"htqo"tcpfqokugf"ownvk/kpuvkvwvkqp"pwtug"gpfqueqr{"vtkcn"*OKPwGV+0 British Medical Journal, 55:."d4530

YJQ"*422;+."Inqdcn"uvcpfctfu"hqt"vjg"kpkvkcn"gfwecvkqp"qh"rtqhguukqpcn"pwtugu"cpf"okfykxgu0"Ikpgdtc."Yqtnf"Jgcnvj"Qticpk|cvkqp0

\cpfgt."M0"*4224+."Pwtukpi"ecug"ocpcigogpv"kp"vjg"43uv"Egpvwt{<"Kpvgtxgpkpi"yjgtg"octikp"oggvuokuukqp0"Nursing Administration Quarterly, 48*7+."7:/890

:5


Índice de Tablas

Tablas

Vcdnc"30"Nc"qrqukekôp"fg"kocigp"fg"ogfkekpc"{"gphgtogtîc00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000062

Vcdnc"40"Kpfkecfqtgu"fgoqitâhkequ"wvknk|cfqu00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000067

Vcdnc"50"Guvtwevwtc"fg"ncu"rncpvknncu"jqurkvcnctkcu"*oêfkequ."gphgtogtcu"{"cwzknkctgu"fg"gphgtogtîc+"gp"Gurcòc"g"Kpincvgttc0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000072

Documentos de trabajo publicados

3142250"Servicios de atención a la infancia en España: estimación de la oferta actual y de las necesidades ante elhorizonte 2010. Octîc"Lquê"Iqp|âng|"Nôrg|04142250"La formación profesional en España. Principales problemas y alternativas de progreso. Htcpekueq"fg"Cuîufg"Dncu"Ctkvkq"{"Cpvqpkq"Twgfc"Ugtôp0

5142250"La Responsabilidad Social Corporativa y políticas públicas. Cndgtvq"Nchwgpvg"Hêng|."Xîevqt"Xkòwcngu"Gfq.Tcoôp"Rwg{q"Xkòwcngu"{"Lguûu"Nnctîc"Crctkekq0

6142250 V Conferencia Ministerial de la OMC y los países en desarrollo. Iqp|cnq"Hcplwn"Uwâtg|07142250"Nuevas orientaciones de política científica y tecnológica. Cndgtvq"Nchwgpvg"Hêng|08142250"Repensando los servicios públicos en España. Cndgtvq"Kphcpvg"Ecorqu09142250"La televisión pública en la era digital. Cnglcpftq"Rgtcngu"Cndgtv0:142250"El Consejo Audiovisual en España. ıpign"Icteîc"Ecuvknnglq0;142250"Una propuesta alternativa para la Coordinación del Sistema Nacional de Salud español. Lcxkgt"Tg{"fgnEcuvknnq0

32142250"Regulación para la competencia en el sector eléctrico español. Nwku"Cvkgp|c"Ugtpc"{"Lcxkgt"fg"SwkpvqTqogtq0

33142250"El fracaso escolar en España. ınxctq"Octejguk"Wnncuvtgu034142250"Estructura del sistema de Seguridad Social. Convergencia entre regímenes. Lquê"Nwku"Vqtvwgtq"Rnc|c"{Lquê"Cpvqpkq"Rcpk|q"Tqdngu0

35142250"The Spanish Child Gap: Rationales, Diagnoses, and Proposals for Public Intervention. Hcdtk|kq"Dgtpctfk035,142250" El déficit de natalidad en España: análisis y propuestas para la inter vención pú bli ca. Hcdtk|kqDgtpctfk0

36142250"Nuevas fórmulas de gestión en las organizaciones sanitarias. Lquê"Lguûu"Oct"vîp"Octvîp037142250"Una propuesta de servicios comunitarios de atención a personas mayores. Ugdcuvkâp"Uctcuc"Wtfkqnc038142250"El Ministerio Fiscal. Consideraciones para su reforma. Qnic"Hwgpvgu"Uq"tkcpq039142250"Propuestas para una regulación del trabajo autónomo. Lguûu"Etw|"Xknncnôp03:142250"El Consejo General del Poder Judicial. Evaluación y propuestas. Nwku"Nôrg|"Iwgttc03;142250"Una propuesta de reforma de las prestaciones por desempleo. Lwcp"Nôrg|"Icpfîc042142250"La Transparencia Presupuestaria. Problemas y Soluciones. Ocwtkek"Nwegpc"Dgvtkw043142250"Análisis y evaluación del gasto social en España. Lqtig"Ecngtq"Octvîpg|"{"Ogteë"Equvc"Ewdgtvc044142250"La pérdida de talentos científicos en España. Xkegpvg"G0"Ncttcic"Tqftîiwg|"fg"Xgtc045142250"La industria española y el Protocolo de Kioto. Cpvqpkq"L0"Hgtpâpfg|"Ugiwtc046142250"La modernización de los Presupuestos Generales del Estado. Gptkswg"Octvîpg|"Tqdngu."Hgfgtkeq"OqpvgtqJkvc"{"Lwcp"Lquê"Rwgtvc"Rcuewcn0

47142250"Movilidad y transporte. Opciones políticas para la ciudad.Ectog"Oktcnngu/Iwcuej"{"‘pign"Egdqnncfc"k"Htqpvgtc048142250"La salud laboral en España: propuestas para avanzar. Hgtpcpfq"I0"Dgpcxk"fgu049142250"El papel del científico en la sociedad moderna. Rgtg"Rwkifqoëpgej"Tqugnn04:142250"Tribunal Constitucional y Poder Judicial. Rcdnq"Rêtg|"Vtgoru04;142250"La Audiencia Nacional: una visión crítica. Lquê"Octîc"Cugpekq"Ognncfq052142250"El control político de las misiones militares en el exterior. Lcxkgt"Icteîc"Hgt"pâpfg|053142250"La sanidad en el nuevo modelo de financiación autonómica. Lguûu"Twk|/Jwgtvc"Ectdqpgnn"{"Qevcxkq"ItcpcfqOctvîpg|0

54142250"De una escuela de mínimos a una de óptimos: la exigencia de esfuerzo igual en la Enseñanza Básica. LwnkqEctcdcòc"Oqtcngu0

55142250"La difícil integración de los jóvenes en la edad adulta. Rcw"Dck|âp"Owòq|0

56142250"Políticas de lucha contra la pobreza y la exclusión social en España: una va loración con EspaSim. OcifcOgtecfgt"Rtcvu0

57142250"El sector del automóvil en la España de 2010. Lquê"Cpvqpkq"Dwgpq"Qnkxgtqu058142250"Publicidad e infancia. Rwtkhkecekôp"Nncswgv."O¬"Cfgnc"Oq{cpq."Octîc"Iwgttgtq."Egeknkc"fg"nc"Ewgxc."Kipcekq"fgFkgiq0

59142250"Mujer y trabajo. Ectogp"Uâg|"Nctc05:142250"La inmigración extracomunitaria en la agricultura española. Gooc"Octvîp"Fîc|05;142250"Telecomunicaciones I: Situación del Sector y Propuestas para un modelo esta ble. Lquê"Tqdgtvq"Tcoîtg|Icttkfq"{"Lwcp"Xgic"Guswgttâ0

62142250"Telecomunicaciones II: Análisis económico del sector. Lquê"Tqdgtvq"Tcoîtg|"Icttkfq"{"ınxctq"Guetkdcpq"Uâg|063142250"Telecomunicaciones III: Regulación e Impulso desde las Administraciones Públicas. Lquê"Tqdgtvq"Tcoîtg|Icttkfq"{"Lwcp"Xgic"Guswgttâ0

64142260"La Renta Básica. Para una reforma del sistema fiscal y de protección social. Nwku"Ucp|q"Iqp|âng|"{"TchcgnRkpknnc"Rcnnglä0

65142260"Nuevas formas de gestión. Las fundaciones sanitarias en Galicia.Octekcpq"Uâpejg|"Dc{ng"{"Ocpwgn"OctvîpIcteîc0

66142260"Protección social de la dependencia en España. Itgiqtkq"Tqftîiwg|"Ecdtgtq067142260"Inmigración y políticas de integración social.Okiwgn"Rclctgu"Cnqpuq068142260"TV educativo-cultural en España. Bases para un cambio de modelo. Lquê"Ocpwgn"Rêtg|"Vqtpgtq069142260"Presente y futuro del sistema público de pensiones: Análisis y propuestas. Lquê"Cpvqpkq"Itkòâp"Octvîpg|06:142260"Contratación temporal y costes de despido en España:lecciones para el futuro desde la perspectiva delpasado. Lwcp"L0"Fqncfq"{"Lwcp"H0"Lkogpq06;142260"Propuestas de investigación y desarrollo tecnológico en energías renovables. Goknkq"Ogpêpfg|"Rêtg|072142260"Propuestas de racionalización y financiación del gasto público en medica men tos. Lcwog"Rwki/Lwpq{"{"LqugrNnqr"Vcncxgtôp0

73142260"Los derechos en la globalización y el derecho a la ciudad. Lqtfk"Dqtlc074142260"Una propuesta para un comité de Bioética de España.Octeq/Cpvqpkq"Dtqiik"Vtkcu075142260"Eficacia del gasto en algunas políticas activas en el mercado laboral español. Eêuct" Cnqpuq/Dqttgiq.Cnhqpuq"Ctgnncpq."Lwcp"L0"Fqncfq"{"Lwcp"H0"Lkogpq0

76142260"Sistema de defensa de la competencia. Nwku"Dgtgpiwgt"Hwuvgt077142260"Regulación y competencia en el sector del gas natural en España. Balance y propuestas de reforma. NwkuCvkgp|c"Ugtpc"{"Lcxkgt"fg"Swkpvq"Tqogtq0

78142260" Propuesta de reforma del sistema de control de concentraciones de empresas. Lquê" O¬" Lkoêpg|Nckingukc0

79142260"Análisis y alternativas para el sector farmacéutico español a partir de la experiencia de los EE UU. TqucTqftîiwg|/Oqpiwkô"{"Gptkswg"E0"Ugqcpg"Xâ|swg|0

7:142260"El recurso de amparo constitucional: una propuesta de reforma. Igtoâp"Hgt"pâpfg|"Hcttgtgu07;142260"Políticas de apoyo a la innovación empresarial. Zcxkgt"Vqttgu082142260"La televisión local entre el limbo regulatorio y la esperanza digital. Goknk"Rtc"fq083142260"La universidad española: soltando amarras. Cpftgw"Ocu/Eqngnn084142270"Los mecanismos de cohesión territorial en España: un análisis y algunas pro pues tas. ıpign"fg"nc"Hwgpvg085142270"El libro y la industria editorial. Inqtkc"Iôog|/Guecnqpknnc086142270"El gobierno de los grupos de sociedades. Lquê"Okiwgn"Godkf"Ktwlq."Xkegpvg"Ucncu"Hwoâu087*K+142270" La gestión de la demanda de electricidad Vol. I. Lquê" Kipcekq" Rêtg|" Cttkcic." Nwku" Lguûu" Uâpejg|" fgVgodngswg."Ogtegfgu"Rctfq0

87*KK+142270"La gestión de la demanda de electricidad Vol. II (Anexos). Lquê"Kipcekq"Rêtg|"Cttkcic."Nwku"Lguûu"Uâpejg|fg"Vgodngswg."Ogtegfgu"Rctfq0

88142270"Responsabilidad patrimonial por daño ambiental: propuestas de reforma legal. ıpign" Ocpwgn" OqtgpqOqnkpc0

89142270"La regeneración de barrios desfavorecidos. Octîc" Dtwswgvcu" Ecnnglq." Heq0" Lcxkgt"Oqtgpq" Hwgpvgu."CpftêuYcnnkugt"Octvîpg|0

8:142270"El aborto en la legislación española: una reforma necesaria. Rcvtkekc"Ncwtgp|q"Eqrgnnq08;142270"El problema de los incendios forestales en España. Hgtpcpfq"Guvktcfq"Iôog|."Rgftq"Oqnkpc"Xkegpvg092142270"Estatuto de laicidad y Acuerdos con la Santa Sede: dos cuestiones a debate. Lquê"O0¬"Eqpvtgtcu"Oc|ctîq."uectEgncfqt"Cpiôp0

93142270"Posibilidades de regulación de la eutanasia solicitada. Ectogp"Vqoâu/Xcnkgpvg"Ncpw|c094142270"Tiempo de trabajo y flexibilidad laboral. Itgiqtkq"Vwfgnc"Ecodtqpgtq."[qncpfc"Xcnfgqnkxcu"Icteîc095142270"Capital social y gobierno democrático. Htcpekueq"Jgttgtqu"Xâ|swg|096142270"Situación actual y perspectivas de desarrollo del mundo rural en España. Ectnqu"Vkô"Uctcngiwk097142270"Reformas para revitalizar el Parlamento español. Gptkswg"Iwgttgtq"Ucnqo098142270"Rivalidad y competencia en los mercados de energía en España.Okiwgn"C0"Ncujgtcu099142270"Los partidos políticos como instrumentos de democracia. Jgpct"Etkcfq"Qnoqu09:142270"Hacia una deslocalización textil responsable. Kucdgn"Mtgkungt09;142270"Conciliar las responsabilidades familiares y laborales: políticas y prácticas sociales. Lwcp"Cpvqpkq"Hgtpâpfg|Eqtfôp"{"Eqpuvcp|c"Vqdîq"Uqngt0

:2142270"La inmigración en España: características y efectos sobre la situación laboral de los trabajadores nativos.Tcswgn"Ecttcueq"{"Ectqnkpc"Qtvgic0

:3142270"Productividad y nuevas formas de organización del trabajo en la sociedad de la información. Tqeîq"Uâpejg|Ocpicu0

:4142280"La propiedad intelectual en el entorno digital. Egnguvg"Ic{"Hwgpvgu0:5142280"Desigualdad tras la educación obligatoria: nuevas evidencias. Lqtig"Ecngtq0:6142280"I+D+i: selección de experiencias con (relativo) éxito. Lquê"Cpvqpkq"Dwgpq"Qnkxgtqu0:7142280"La incapacidad laboral en su contexto médico: problemas clínicos y de gestión. Lwcp"Igtxcu."ıpign"Twk|Vênng|"{"Ogtegfgu"Rêtg|"Hgtpâpfg|0

:8142280"La universalización de la atención sanitaria. Sistema Nacional de Salud y Seguridad Social. Htcpekueq"Ugxknnc0:9142280"El sistema de servicios sociales español y las necesidades derivadas de la atención a la dependencia. RknctTqftîiwg|"Tqftîiwg|0

::142280"La desalinización de agua de mar mediante el empleo de energías renovables. Ectnqu"fg"nc"Etw|0:;142280"Bases constitucionales de una posible política sanitaria en el Estado autonómico. Lwcp"Lquê"Uqnq|âdcnGejcxcttîc0

;2142280"Desigualdades territoriales en el Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) de España. Dgcvtk|"Iqp|âng|"Nôrg|/Xcneâtegn"{"Rcvtkekc"Dctdgt"Rêtg|0

;3142280"Agencia de Evaluación: innovación social basada en la evidencia. Tchcgn"Rkpknnc"Rcnnglä0;4142280"La Situación de la industria cinematográfica española. Lquê"Octîc"ınxctg|"Oqp|qpeknnq"{"Lcxkgt"Nôrg|Xknncpwgxc0

;5142280"Intervención médica y buena muerte. Octe/Cpvqpk"Dtqiik"Vtkcu."Enctc"Nnwdkä"Octkuvcp{"{"Lqtfk"Vtgnku"Pcxcttq0;6142280"Las prestaciones sociales y la renta familiar. Octîc"Vgtguc"Swîng|"Hêng|"{"Lquê"Nwku"Cejwttc"Crctkekq0;7142280"Plan integral de apoyo a la música y a la industria discográfica. Lwcp"E0"Ecnxk0;8142280"Justicia de las víctimas y reconciliación en el País Vasco. Ocpwgn Tg{gu"Ocvg0;9142280"Cuánto saben los ciudadanos de política. Octvc"Htckng0;:142280"Profesión médica en la encrucijada: hacia un nuevo modelo de gobierno corporativo y de contrato social.Cndgtv"L0"Lqxgnn"{"Octîc"F0"Pcxcttq0

;;142280"El papel de la financiación público-privada de los servicios sanitarios. C0"Rtkgvq"Qt|cpeq."C0"Ctdgnq"Nôrg|"fgNgvqpc"{"G0"Ogpiwcn"Icteîc0

322142280"La financiación sanitaria autonómica: un problema sin resolver. Rgftq"Tg{"Dkgn"{"Lcxkgt"Tg{"fgn"Ecuvknnq0323142280"Responsabilidad social empresarial en España. Cpwctkq"42280324142280"Problemas emergentes en salud laboral: retos y oportunidades. Hgtpcpfq"I0"Dgpcxkfgu"{"Lqtfk"FgnenöuEncpejgv0

325142280"Sobre el modelo policial español y sus posibles reformas. Lcxkgt"Dctegnqpc"Nnqr0326142280"Infraestructuras: más iniciativa privada y mejor sector público. Ikpêu"fg"Twu"Ogpfq|c0327142290"El teatro en España: decadencia y criterios para su renovación. Lqcswîp"Xkfc"Cttgfqpfq0328142290"Las alternativas al petróleo como combustible para vehículos automóviles. Lquê"Cpvqpkq"Dwgpq"Qnkxgtqu0329142290"Movilidad del factor trabajo en la Unión Europea y coordinación de los sistemas de pensiones. LguûuHgttgktq"Crctkekq"{"Hgnkrg"Ugttcpq"Rêtg|0

32:142290"La reforma de la casación penal. Lceqdq"Nôrg|"Dctlc"fg"Swktqic032;142290"El gobierno electrónico: servicios públicos y participación ciudadana. Hgtpcpfq"Vtkecu"Ncocpc0332142290"Sistemas alternativos a la resolución de conflictos (ADR): la mediación en las jurisprudencias civil ypenal. Lquê/Rcuewcn"Qtvwòq"Owòq|"{"Lcxkgt"Jgtpâpfg|"Icteîc0333142290"El sector de la salud y la atención a la dependencia. Cpvqpkq"Lkoêpg|"Nctc0334142290"Las revistas culturales y su futuro digital. O0¬"Vtkpkfcf"Icteîc"Ngkxc0335142290"Mercado de vivienda en alquiler en España: más vivienda social y más mercado profesional. CnglcpftqKpwttkgvc"Dgtwgvg0

336142290"La gestión de la demanda de energía en los sectores de la edificación y del trasporte. Lquê"Kipcekq"Rêtg|Cttkcic." Zcxkgt" Icteîc" Ecucnu." Octîc" Ogpfknweg" Xknncpwgxc." Rgftq" Oktcu" Ucncocpec" {" Nwku" Lguûu" Uâpejg|" fgVgodngswg0

337142290"Aseguramiento de los riesgos profesionales y responsabilidad empresarial. Ocpwgn"Eqttgc"Ecttcueq0338142290"La inversión del minoritario: el capital silencioso. Lwcp"Ocpwgn"Dcttgktq."Lquê"Tcoôp"Octvîpg|."ıpignguRgnnôp"{"Lquê"Nwku"fg"nc"Rgòc0

339142290"¿Se puede dinamizar el sector servicios? Un análisis del sector y posibles vías de reforma. Ectnqu"OctcxcnnTqftîiwg|0

33:142290"Políticas de creación de empresas y su evaluación. Tqdgtvq"Xgncueq"Dcttqgvcdgòc"{"Octîc"Uck|"Ucpvqu033;142290"La reforma del acceso a la carrera judicial en España: algunas propuestas. Cnglcpftq"Uck|"Ctpck|0342142290"Renta y privación en España desde una perspectiva dinámica. Tquc"Octvîpg|"Nôrg|0343142290"La inversión pública en España: algunas líneas estratégicas. Tchcgn"O{tq"Uâpejg|0344142290"La prensa ante el reto en línea. Entre las limitaciones del modelo tradicional y las incógnitas de su estra-tegia digital. Zquê"Nôrg|"{"Zquê"Rgtgktc0345142290"Genéricos: medidas para el aumento de su prescripción y uso en el Sistema Nacional de Salud. CpvqpkqKòguvc"Icteîc0

346142290"Laicidad, manifestaciones religiosas e instituciones públicas. Lquê"O0¬"Eqpvtgtcu"Oc|ctîq"{"uect"EgncfqtCpiôp0

347142290"Las cajas de ahorros: retos de futuro. ıpign"Dgtigu"Nqdgtc"{"Cnhqpuq"Icteîc"Oqtc0348142290"El Informe PISA y los retos de la educación en España. Qnic"Ucnkfq"Eqtvêu0349142290"Propuesta de organización corporativa de la profesión médica. Lwcp"H0"Jgtpâpfg|"[âòg|034:1422:0"Urbanismo, arquitectura y tecnología en la ciudad digital. Lquê"Ectnqu"Ctpcn"Nquknnc034;1422:0"La televisión digital terrestre en España. Por un sistema televisivo de futuro acorde con una democra-cia de calidad. Gptkswg"Dwuvcocpvg"Tcoîtg|03521422:0"La distribución y dispensación de medicamentos en España. Tkectf"Ogpgw03531422:0"Nuevos mecanismos de fraude fiscal. Algunas propuestas para un modelo de investigación. Lwcp"OcpwgnXgtc"Rtkgiq0

3541422:0"Radio digital en España: incertidumbres tecnológicas y amenazas al pluralismo. Tquc"Htcpswgv"Ecnxgv03551422:0"Dinámica emprendedora en España. O0¬"Lguûu"Cnqpuq"Pwg|."Ectogp"Icnxg"Iôttk|."Xkegpvg"Ucncu"Hwoâu"{L0"Lcxkgt"Uâpejg|"Cuîp0

356*K+1422:0"Negociación colectiva, adaptabilidad empresarial y protección de los derechos de los trabajadores vol. I.Lqc"swîp"Icteîc"Owtekc"{"Octîc"Cpvqpkc"Ecuvtq"Cti°gnngu0

356*KK+1422:0"Negociación colectiva, adaptabilidad empresarial y protección de los derechos de los trabajadores vol.II (Anexos). Lqc"swîp"Icteîc"Owtekc"{"Octîc"Cpvqpkc"Ecuvtq"Cti°gnngu03571422:0"El sindicalismo en España. Cpftgy"L0"Tkejctfu03581422:0"La Genómica de plantas: una oportunidad para España. Rgtg"Ctûu"{"Rgtg"Rwkifqoëpgej03591422:0"Planes y fondos de pensiones: propuestas de reforma. Lquê"Nwku"Oqpgtgq"Rêtg|"{"Lwcp"Cpvqpkq"Hgtpâpfg|Dgtpcv0

35:1422:0"Modelos de desarrollo de centros hospitalarios: tendencias y propuestas. uect"Oqtcejq"fgn"Tîq035;1422:0"La frontera de la innovación: la hora de la empresa industrial española. Goknkq"Jwgtvcu"Cttkdcu"{"EctogpIcteîc"Qncxgttk0

3621422:0"Propuestas para mejorar la calidad de vida en las ciudades.Octîc"Ekhwgpvgu."Tchcgn"Eôtfqdc."Inqtkc"Iô"/og|"*eqqtf0+."Ectnqu"Jgtpâpfg|"Rg||k."Octequ"Oqpvgu."Tcswgn"Tqftîiwg|."ınxctq"Ugxknnc0

3631422:0"La evolución de la productividad en España y el capital humano. Tchcgn"Fqoêpgej03641422:0"Los sindicatos en España frente a los retos de la globalización y del cambio tecnológico. Jqno/FgvngxMújngt0

3651422;0"La creación del Sistema Nacional de Dependencia: origen, desarrollo e implicaciones económicas ysociales. Gnkuc"Fîc|."Uctc"Ncftc"{"Pêdqc"\q|c{c0"3661422;0"Biotecnología para una química verde, respetuosa con el medio ambiente. Lquê"Nwku"Icteîc"Nôrg|0"145/2009. Reinterpretando la rendición de cuentas o accountability: diez propuestas para la mejora de la calidaddemocrática y la eficacia de las políticas públicas en España. Eduard Jiménez Hernández.

146/2009. Análisis económico de los efectos de la inmigración en el sistema educativo español. Javier SalinasJiménez y Daniel Santín González.

147/2009. Seguridad, transparencia y protección de datos: el futuro de un necesario e incierto equilibrio. JoséLuis Piñar Mañas.

148/2009. La protección de la discapacidad en el sistema de Seguridad Social: propuestas de mejora. Luis CayoPérez Bueno y Miguel Ángel Cabra de Luna.

149/2009. El sistema de relaciones sindicales en España: un balance general del marco jurídico y del funciona-miento de la práctica sindical en el sistema social. Manuel Carlos Palomeque López

150/2009. El papel del “Derecho” en la crisis. Algunos aspectos de la regulación financiera y de las grandes

empresas en su relación con la Economía. Andrés Recalde Castells.

151/2009. Formación de los comunicadores en la era digital. Manuel Santiago de Aguilar Gutierrez y Pedro Soler Rojas.

152/2009. Rescates y reestructuración bancaria: el caso español. Santiago Fernández de Lis , Daniel ManzanoRomero, Emilio Ontiveros Baeza y Francisco José Valero López.

153/2009. Cláusulas sociales, libre competencia y contratación pública. Daniel Martínez Fons.

154/2009. Los efectos de los conciertos sobre la eficiencia y la equidad del sistema educativo español. María

Jesús Mancebón Torrubia y Domingo Pérez Ximénez de Embún.

155/2009. Políticas de vivienda en un contexto de exceso de oferta. Julio Rodríguez López.

156/2010. El modelo de control interno del gasto público estatal. Propuestas de cambio. Ximena Lazo Vitoria.

157/2010. La flexiseguridad laboral en España. Fernando Valdés Dal-Ré y Jesús Lahera Forteza.

158/2010. Cuidado parental en la infancia y desigualdad social: un estudio sobre la Encuesta de Empleo delTiempo en España. María José González, Marta Domínguez y Pau Baizán.

159/2010. La atención a la dependencia y el empleo. Ángel Rodríguez Castedo y Antonio Jiménez Lara.

160/2010. La subcontratación empresarial. Hacia un nuevo modelo de regulación. José Luis Monereo Pérez yCarolina Serrano Falcón.

161/2010. Cambio demográfico y pensiones de la Seguridad Social. Fidel Ferreras Alonso.

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