METALURGI TEKNIK.pdf
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Transcript of METALURGI TEKNIK.pdf
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Metalurgi Teknik 2M. Rizali, MT
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Referensi
Dieter, George. 1988. Mechanial metallurgy
Soboyejo, Wole. 2003. Mechanical properties of engineered materials.
Totte, E George. 2007. Steel heat treatment, metallurgy and technologies.
Roberge, R Pierre. 1999. Handbook of corrosion engineering
Talbot, David. 1997. Corrosion science and technology
Wessel, James. 2004. Handbook of advance materials
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Materi Kuliah*
Pendahuluan/klasifikasi dan sifat baja
unsur paduan pada baja
baja paduan rendah
baja tahan karat
baja perkakas
besi tuang
korosi dan pencegahannya
pengujian mekanik bahan
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Materi Kuliah
Besi dan Baja
Uji Material
Plastic forming of materials
Fracture
Korosi
Heat Treatment of steel
Non Ferrous Metal
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Inspirasi
Ramang,
Menahan Rusia
0-0
Ronny
Pattinasarany
Asia All Star
1982
Iswadi Idris
Pemain Indonesia
pertama yg dikontrak
klub asing
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Cubic Crystal Systems
Simple Cubic
Ada satu atom di setiap sudut
Satu sel memiliki 1 atom (1/8 x 8)
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Cubic Crystal Systems
Body centered cubic
Satu atom di tiap sudut, satu atom di tengah sel
Satu sel memiliki 2 atom (1/8 x 8 + 1)
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Cubic Crystal Systems
Face centered cubic
Satu atom di tiap sudut, satu atom di tiap tengah sisi
Satu sel memiliki 4 atom (1/8 x 8 + x 6)
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Iron vs Steel
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Ferrite
pure iron, ferromagnetic(DAPAT DITARIK MAGNET), BCC
-Fe , -Fe, -Fe
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Fase
Austenite : Non magnetic, FCC
Cementite : Fe3C, keras dan brittle
Pearlite : campuran -Fe dan cementite
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Martensite
Terjadi pada strustur austenite yang didinginkan secara cepat (quenching), sehingga karbon tidak sempat berdifusi ke dalam kristal
BCT (body centered tetragonal)
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Alloy steel
Paduan Fe dengan bahan lain akan mengubah sifat material aslinya.
Sifat Yang Ingin diperbaiki misalnya:kekuatan (kekerasan), kekerasan, ketangguhan, ketahanan aus, pengerasan, dan kekerasan panas.Umumnya alloyants termasuk mangan (yang paling-umum satu), nikel, krom, molibdenum,vanadium, silikon, dan boron. Alloyants yang kurang umum termasuk aluminium, kobalt, tembaga, serium, niobium, titanium, tungsten, timah, dan zirkonium
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Alloy steel
Low vs high Alloy : 5%
Low alloy : strength and hardness
High alloy : corrosion and heat resistance
Paduan akan merubah diagram fase dari Fe
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Pengaruh Paduan
Aluminium 0.951.30 Alloying element in nitriding steels Bismuth - Improves machinability Boron 0.0010.003 A powerful hardenability agent Chromium 0.52 Increases hardenability
418 Increases corrosion resistance Copper 0.10.4 Corrosion resistance Lead - Improved machinability Manganese 0.250.40
Combines with sulfur and with phosphorus to reduce the brittleness. Also helps to remove excess oxygen from molten steel.
>1Increases hardenability by lowering transformation points and causing transformations to be sluggish
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Pengaruh Paduan
Molybdenum 0.25Stable carbides; inhibits grain growth. Increases the toughness of steel, thus making molybdenum a very valuable alloy metal for making the cutting parts of machine tools and also the turbine blades of turbojet engines. Also used in rocket motors.
Nickel 25 Toughener1220 Increases corrosion resistance
Silicon 0.20.7 Increases strength2.0 Spring steelsHigher percentages Improves magnetic properties
Sulfur 0.080.15 Free-machining properties Titanium - Fixes carbon in inert particles; reduces martensitic
hardness in chromium steels Tungsten - Also increases the melting point. Vanadium 0.15 Stable carbides; increases strength while retaining
ductility; promotes fine grain structure. Increases the toughness at high temperatures
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Stainless steel
minimum of 10.5% or 11% chromium
Corrosion resistance
Kandungan chromium akan membentuk lapisan passive film chromium oxida, yang akan melindungi dari udara luar
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Tool Steel
hardness, resistance to abrasion, resistance to deformation at elevated temperatures
carbon content between 0.7% and 1.5%
Low Manganese, to prevent crack after quench
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High Speed Steel (HSS)
Gra
d
e C Cr Mo W V Co Mn Si
T10.65
0.80
3.754.00 -
17.2518.75
0.91.3 -
0.10.4
0.20.4
M2 0.95 4.2 5 6 2 - - -
M7 1 3.8 8.7 1.6 2 - - -
M35 0.94 4.1 5 6 2 5 - -
M42 1.1 3.8 9.5 1.5 1.2 8 - -
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Cast Iron
Carbon (C) : 2.1 - 4 %
silicon (Si) 1 - 3 %
Hard, brittle, good machinability, low melting point (good fluidity & cast ability)
Misal : silinder block
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Furnace
Blast furnace
Cupola
Induction furnace