MIS & DSS(UNIT-I)

8/9/2019 MIS & DSS(UNIT-I)

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MIS & DSS

DISHA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY


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UNIT-I Information Technology Brief about Information

Technology,

Various Databases (Relational, Hierarchical,

Networking), and Concept of 2 tiers and 3-tier

architecture,

brief study about system analysis and design

(Software Development Life Cycle),

Case Study.

PREPARED BY BIPLAB BISWAS


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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Data: Data is the raw material or objective measurement of attributes ofentities from which useful information is derived. It is defined as Raw

facts or Observations , typically about physical phenomenon or

business transactions.

Information: The Data which has been converted into a useful andmeaningful form, is called Information. Information can be defined as

data that has been converted into a meaningful and useful context for

specific end users.

Knowledge: Application of data and information. Knowledge is

appropriate collection of information. Knowledge represents a pattern

that connects and generally provides a high level of predictability as

what is described or what will happen next.Wisdom: Evaluated understanding. Process by which we discern, or

judge, between right and wrong, good and bad. It calls upon all

previous levels of consciousness, including moral values, ethical codes,

etc.PREPARED BY BIPLAB BISWAS


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Data Information Knowledge Wisdom



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Data Processing Information Processing

Data Processing is a systematic

sequence of operations performed upondata to transform it into information

Information Processing is a concept that

covers both the traditional concept ofprocessing numeric and alphabetic data,

and the processing of text, image and

voices.

In Data Processing value is added to the

raw data.

In Information Processing the

information is processed as per the users

requirements.

DATA PROCESSING VS INFORMATION PROCESSING



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LEVEL OF PEOPLE AND REQUIREMENT OF

INFORMATION

Top Mgt

Middle Mgt

Lower Mgt

Operational Mgt

Strategic

Tactical

Supervisory

Functional



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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Information technology (IT), is "the study, design,development, implementation, support or management of

computer-based information systems, particularly software

applications and computer hardware. It encompasses the computer and information systems

industries,

It is the capability to electronically input, process, store,output, transmit, and receive data and information,

It is the ability to control machines of all kinds electronically.



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ADVANTAGES OF IMPLEMENTATING I.T.:



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DISADVANTAGES OF IMPLEMENTATING I.T.:



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Information Technology and its application

on various segment of Society:

1. Social:

a) Education

b) E-governance

c) health

2. Business Management:a) Banking

b) Insurance

c) Retail

d) Marketinge) Aviation

f) Service



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ORGANIZATION & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY



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INFORMATION TECHNLOGY

Role / Usage in Managerial Decision MakingInformation Technology divides managers into three types.

The first group consists of individuals who get it. They understand

what technology can do, and they want to take maximum advantageof it. They believe in technology and they encourage the peopleworking with them to exploit IT to change the way their companiesdo business.

A second group of managers includes those who understand thetechnology, but are not quite as committed to it as the first categoryof managers. These individuals see IT to boost their existing ways ofdoing business and in doing so make more local changes to their

firms.The third group of managers consists of those who are highly

unconvinced of information technology. They provide little ITleadership and look at money spent on technology as an expense

rather than an investment. PREPARED BY BIPLAB BISWAS


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Information Technology can be used in the following manner.

qTo provide new ways to design organizations and new org

structure.

qTo Creates new relationships between customers and suppliers

who electronically link themselves together.

qTo substantially reduce the cost of business processes.

qTo reduce the differentiation advantages of competitors.

qTo manage regional and global business expansion.


Role / Usage in Managerial Decision Making (contd.)



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q To avail the opportunities of electronic commerce

qMakes it possible for the org to capture the knowledge of its

employees and provide access to it throughout the organization.

q Enables tremendous efficiencies in production and service industries

through electronic data interchange to facilitate just-in-time

production.

q Provides the manager with electronic alternatives to face-to-face

communications and supervision.


Role / Usage in Managerial Decision Making (contd.)



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Data Base Management System

Data Base: A structured set of Data or Database is acollection of data, typically describing the activities of oneor more related organizations. Database might containinformation about the following:

qEntities

qRelationships



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Data Base Management System

Data Base Management System:

qA DBMS is a collection of programs that allow users to

specify the structure of a database, to create, query and

modify the data in the database and to control access to it.



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FUNCTIONS OF A DBMS

Recovery:

Security Control:

Data Integrity:

Data Dictionary:



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Capabilities of DBMS



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qEnsures data integrity by managing

transactions (ACID test = atomicity,

consistency, isolation, durability)

qSupports simultaneous access

qEnforces design criteria in relation to dataformat and structure

qProvides backup and recovery controls

qAdvanced security

DBMS- Advantages



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DBMS- Disadvantages

Difficult to learn

Packaged separately from the operating

system (i.e. Oracle, Microsoft Access,

Lotus/IBM Approach, Borland Paradox,

Claris FileMaker Pro)

Slower processing speeds

Requires skilled administrators

Expensive



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DATABASE ARCHITECTURE:

Database Architecture essentially describe the location of all thepieces of information that make up the database application. The

database architecture can be broadly classified into threecategories:

qTwo tier Architecture

qThree Tier Architecture

qMulti- Tier Architecture



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2-TIER ARCHITECTUREThe two-tier architecture is a client server architecture in which the client

contains the presentation code and the SQL statement for data access. Thedatabase server processes the SQL statements and sends query results back

to the client.



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3-TIER ARCHITECTUREA three-tier or a multi tier architecture has client, server and database.

Where the client request is sent to the server and the server in turn sends

the request to the database. The database sends back the information/data

required to the server which in turn sends it to the client.



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DBMS VS FMS


DBMS VS FMS


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DBMS VS FMS

DBMS FMS

No duplication of data is possible in

DBMS.

Duplication of data is occur in FMS.

The concept of Data Independence is

available in DBMS.

The concept of Data Independence is not

available in FMS.

In DBMS the security level is high In FMS the security is low.

The problem of data redundancy is not in

DBMS.

In FMS the problem of data redundancy is

there.

In DBMS large amount of data can bestored.

In FMS large amount of data can not bestored.

Database object oriented database

approach.

Traditional does not provide object

oriented database system

Multiple users can share the data froma single database simultaneously.

Multiple users

In database approach, a single

repository of data is maintained and

accessed by many users.

In traditional file processing system

the application is developed for a

specific purpose and they will accessspecific database only.



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DATA MODELS

qHierarchical Model

qNetwork Model

qRelational Model



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NETWORK DATA MODEL


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NETWORK DATA MODEL:

Data model that creates relationships among data in which

subordinate records can be linked to more than one data

element.



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RELATIONAL DATA MODEL

Data model based on the simple concept of tables in order tocapitalize on characteristics of rows and columns of data.

qRelations: The tables of rows and columns used in a relational

database.qTuple: A row of data in the relational database model.

qAttribute: A column of data in the relational database.

Another way:

A relational database allows the definition of data structures,

storage and retrieval operations and integrity constraints. In

such a database the data and relations between them are organized

in tables.



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RELATIONAL DATA MODEL



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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE


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