Nicaragua Project

7/30/2019 Nicaragua Project

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Nic

By: Lina


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Demographics Population: 5,727,707 (July

2011) Birth Rate: 19.12

births/1,000

Death Rate: 5.04deaths/1,000

Infant Mortality Rate:21.86 deaths/1,000 births

Life Expectancy at birth:72.18 years

Religion: Roman Catholic (58.5%), Protestant (23.2%) therest is other.

Language: Spanish (Official)

Literacy: age 15 and over canread & write: 67.5%

Maternal Mortality Rate: 100deaths/100,000 live births

Children under 5 years who areunderweight: about 4.3%


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History

first settled by the Spanish in 1522

characterized by armed conflicts between liberals and

conservatives with American interventions here and there with the

Sandinistas in power

In 1990, the Sandinistas who had come into power by way of aviolent rebellion handed over the power to the democratically

elected Violeta Chamorro of their own accord--thus enacting the

first time in recent world history that any rebellion has ever

submitted to democratic elections and then peacefully stepped

down from power.


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Economy Ranks 21st out of 29 countries in South/Central America/ Caribbean Region

GDP: $18.9 Billion

Unemployment: 8.0%

Exports include: coffee, beef, tobacco, peanuts, sugar, shrimp and lobster

Imports: consumer goods, raw materials, petroleum products, machinery anequipment

Half of the population is underemployed

Central America-Dominican Republic- United States Free Trade Agreement: helped to diversify the economy

Still remains among the poorest and least developed country in North & SouAmerica


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Education

Somoza family dictatorship (1937-1979)

Nicaraguas illiteracy rate was about 75-90% in rural areas

50% overall

Sandinista Revolution -More of the governments spending was going

towards building schools and helping to increase

the literacy rate


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Education (con.)

President Daniel Ortega

-Education is free for all

-Nationwide literacy campaign

-Doubled the budget spent on the education system

Still, not all children are going to school since their families cannot financially

support them In 2003, 823,000 children (out of 1.55 million) did not finish the 2003

school year

Government struggles to pay the bill for education

A teacher is one of the lowest paying jobs ($185-$226 a month)


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Attendance of Primary School Between1991-2010

http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/docum

ent.aspx?ReportId=121&IF_Language=en&BR_Country=5580


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Food/Agriculture

Since its origin, the fundamental basis of Nicaraguan food has been corn

other ingredients widely used in the Nicaraguan kitchen, mostly local,

tropical products.

Famous plates:

Nacatamal, Vigorn and Quesillo

Nicaragua's economy is predominantly agricultural

main agricultural exports are coffee, cotton, sugar, and bananas


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Health Status/ Health Challenges

Nicaragua faces inequity in access to healthservices

Main causes of death for children under 5

are: respiratory, diarrhea, malnutrition andmeningitis.

Maternal mortality rate is high comparedto other nations because 55% of womengive birth at home.


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Diseases

Communicable Diseases: Malaria, Dengue fever, TB,HIV/AIDS is rising but not significant, and Chagas disease.

Non Communicable diseases: Cardiovascular disease,diabetes, and cancer.

These diseases require laboratories to diagnose but there

is huge inequality in the amount of laboratories available.Most are found in the capital city. If tests are done, theytake a long time if you live in a rural area. Unfortunately,this is where these diseases mostly happen.


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Environment Infrastructure is bad in Nicaragua as most healthcare

facilities do not have a reliable source of electricity orpotable water.

The environment is not helping the situation. Naturaldisasters plague the country. It is highly vulnerable tohurricanes, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, droughtsand floods. When theses disasters occur, they destroywhatever small progress that had been made in regardto healthcare provision and infrastructure.


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MINSA

MINSA stands for Ministerio de Saludor Health Ministry.

MINSA is the main provider of health services and officially coverabout 70% of the population.

It is also a regulatory agency for health care.

MINSA has 1059 health facilities administered by 17 departmentagovernments.

Mission: MINSAs mission is to provide Nicaraguan citizenswith individually tailored health services, to guarantee free anduniversal access to health services, and to promote healthy practand lifestyles that will improve quality of life and life expectancyand maximize national efforts to foster human development.


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Shortcomings

Health care workers make low wages that arecomparable to those in laborious industries likemining and construction.

General practitioners make $544 a month on

average--the lowest in Central America. There is constant change and re-organization of

personnel within MINSA due to changes ingovernment every 4 years.


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Delivery They struggle with Diagnostics and Laboratory services due to th

unequal distribution of these facilities around the country. HighlInefficient and costly.

Infrastructure hinders good medical care as many facilities have access to reliable sources of electricity or potable water.

Overall, there is a shortage of well trained medical personnel. Tensures that quality of care is not very good.

They also suffer from irregular medical supplies and stock outs acommon.

They have a very low budget that stems from the fact that Nicarthe second poorest country in Latin America and the Caribbean.


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Availability of Human Resources for

Healthcare

Health care under Sandinistas rule improved, although the country was inserious debt after the Somoza dictatorship

Many smaller medical clinics than hospitals, no advanced medical technology

About 55% of women in rural areas give birth at home; 65% are illiterate

Rely on international countries to provide aid and send supplies

Poor dental health (1 dentist per 10,000 people)

Only 6.3% of entire population is insured

The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO Strategic Plan 2003-2007

Ministry of Health

Center for Development in Central America (CDCA) increase access to healthcare


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Education (all Levels) Profile - Nicaragua. UNESCO Institute for Statistics, n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 20."Education in Nicaragua." Education in Nicaragua. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2013.

."Nicaragua : The Sandinista Government." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britann11 Feb. 2013.

."Medical Care in Nicaragua." Nicaragua. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2013.

.

-Halperin, DC, and R. Garfield. Developments in Health Care in Nicaragua. PubMed, 5 Aug. 1Feb. 2013. .-Country Cooperation at a Glance: Nicaragua. World Health Organization, n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2.-"Nicaragua." Nicaragua. Global Natural Health Alliance, n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.

.-"Health For All." Health Care in Nicaragua. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.

.

Bibliography


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"Child and Maternal Health Issues in Nicaragua." Child and Maternal Health Issues inNicaragua. Foundation for Sustainable Development, n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.

Sequeira M, Espinoza H, Amador JJ, Domingo G, Quintanilla M, and de los Santos T. TNicaraguan Health System. Seattle, Washington: PATH; 2011.

CIA World Factbook. Nicaragua Demographics Profile 2012. 08 Feb. 2013

Nicaragua. 2013 Index of Economic Freedom. 08 Feb. 2013

Nicaragua Project

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