Os cogomelos
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Transcript of Os cogomelos
![Page 1: Os cogomelos](https://reader030.fdocuments.es/reader030/viewer/2022020301/5878ac761a28ab724c8b4837/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Oscogumelos
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Esquemafungo
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Micorrizas
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ExistenFUNGOSMICROSCÓPICOSquecausanenfermidades,vivenensimbioseconoutrosorganismosouinterveñenenreaccións
metabólicasfermentativasfundamentaisparaaalimentaciónhumana,comoafabricacióndunhacervexa,doviñoouduniogur.Algúnsdelesson:
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Levaduras
● Sonfungosunicelularespertencentesaosascomicetes.● Presentanformasovais,esféricasoucilíndricas.● Enalgúnscasospodenterformafilamentosacomona“Candidaalbicans”.● Divídenseasexualmenteporxemaciónoufisiónealgúnsxénerospresentamunciclo
sexualmedianteconxugación(“Saccharomycescerevisiae”).● Acostumanamedrarenmediosconaltocontidoenglícidos(azucres)comaflores,
froitasoucortizas.● Haiespeciesdevidalibre,outrassimbiontesconvariadosorganismos(hainasvivindo
noestómagohumano)etaménashaiparasitas.● Moitasdelasteñenunaltointeresecomercialxaquesonempragadasenprocesos
fermentativosvarioscomoaproducióndeviño,cervexa,lácteosepan.
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Aspergillus
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● Penicilinas● “Penicilliumchrysogenum”e“Penicilliumnotatum”
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PeroamaioríadevoscoñecedesosdenominadosCOGOMELOS,fungos
pluricelularesemacroscópicosquecomedesnavosadieta,vedesnavosacontorna,e,en
ocasións,diferenciades,recolectadesecomedes.Podenterformasvariadasenalgúncasoespectaculares.Algúnsexemplosson:
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● Champiñón,boladeneve● “Agaricusarvensis”● Comestible
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● Champiñóndeprado● “Agaricuscampestris”● Comestible
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● Champiñonamarileante● “Agaricusxanthodermus”● Oseuconsumoprovocasíndromegastrointestinal
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● Xemadeovo,Amanitadoscésares● “Amanitacaesarea”● Comestible.Moiapreciadanaaltacociña.
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● Matamoscas● “Amanitamuscaria”● Tóxica.Contenhemolisinase2venenos,muscarinaymicoatropinade
propiedadesneurotrópicasyalucinógenas(aquelarres....).
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● Cacaforra● “Amanitapantherina”● Tóxicaealucinóxena.Mortalao20%.
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● Canalexa,Cicutaverde,Matacáns...● “Amanitaphalloides”● Unhasoapodecausaramorte.Oseuvenenoéaamanitina.
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● Cicutablanca● “Amanitaverna”● Mortaltrasoseuconsumopasadas8horas.
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● Estreladeterra● “Astraeushygrometricus”● Senintereseculinario
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● Puntadechocolate● “Boletusaureus”● Comestible.
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● Cabaza,Boleto...● “Boletusedulis”● Comestible
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● Boletodopiñeiro● “Boletuspinicola”● Comestible
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“Boletussatanas”“Boletuserithropus”
TubosamarelosPévermelloTóxica,nonmortalperomoiindixesta.Comestibleperonormalmentedespreciado
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● Espaguetiviscoso● “Caloceraviscosa”● Lixeiramentetóxica.
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● Cantarela● “Cantharelluscibarius”● Comestible
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● Gaiolavermella● “ClathrusRuber”● Nonétóxicaperodespréciasepolassúascaracterísticas.
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● Clitocibe● “Clitocybedealbata”● Tóxicaantesdascatrohoras
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● Matacandil,Chipiróndonorte,Piocán...● “Coprinuscomatus”● Comestible.Haisps.confundiblestóxicascoma“C.atramentarius”ou“C.ovatus”
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● Cortinariodemontaña,asasina…● “Cortinariusorellanus”● Podesermortalata14díadespoisdoconsumo.
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● Linguadeboi● “Fistulinahepatica”● Comestibledecalidademediasacándolleporosecutícula.
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● “Galerinamarginata”● Mortal
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● Linguadevaca● “Hydnumrepandum”● Comestibleaoextraerosaguillónsesenusaraaugadacoción.
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● Níscalo● “Lactariusdeliciosus”● Comestible
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● Peidodelobo● “Langermaniagigantea”● Podeconsumirseenestadíosxovenes.Medicinalaíndaqueabsorvemetais.
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● Péazul● “Lepistanuda”● Écomestibleperopodeserindixesta
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PARASOL● “Macrolepiotaprocera”● Comestible
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● OutrasLepiotas“● “Macrolepiotarhacodes”e“Macrolepiotabrunneoincarnata”● Aprimeiraécomestibleeasegundatóxica
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● Carreiriña● “Marasmiusoreades”● Comestible.
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● Colmenilla● “Morchellaesculenta”● Écomestiblesesedesecapreviamenteesecociñaporribados70graos.
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● Setadoolivo● “Omphaelotusolearius”● Moitóxica
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● Mongui● “Panaeolussphinctrinus”● Alucinóxena
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● “Pezizacerea”● Senintereseculinario
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● Carallán● “Phallusimpudicus”● Noncomestible,levementetóxica.
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● Iesquerodoabedul● “Piptoporusbetulinus”● Comestibledebaixaemalacalidade
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● Gírgola,champiñonostra,setadechoponegro
● “Pleorotusostreatus”● Comestible
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● Costraazul● “Pulcherriciumcaeruleum”● Senintereseculinarioperosiecolóxicoaodescompoñerrestosvexetais
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● Carbonero,emética….● “Russulasanguinea”● Noncomestibleporoseumalsabor
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● “Sclerodermacitrinum”● Noncomestible.
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● Setacoliflor,Barbadecabra● “Sparasiscrispa”● Comestibletraslimpezaintensiva.
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● Versicolor● “Trametesversicolor”● Nonseusaencociña,peroveñendeprobarenXapónqueoseuconsumoé
medicinalparaloitarcontraocancrodeestómago.
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● Setadoscaballeros● “Tricholomaequestre”● Recoméndasenonconsumila.
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● Trufa● “Tuberaestivum”● Comestible.Moiapreciada.Okilosuperaos1000euros.
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Trufas