Prevención del delito

261ISSN 1794-3108. Rev. crim., Volumen 53, número 1, enero-junio 2011, pp. 261-274, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia

Prevención social del delito a través

de los derechos humanos:

un vínculo ignorado

Social prevention of crime through human rights: an ignored bond

Prevenção social do crime através dos direitos humanos: um vínculo ignorado

Wael Sarwat Hikal-Carreón !"#$%&'"(')%!*!+&',&-.!/0

1#"#&%2'3%"!'4"'5%.6.(&/&78!2'9(#$.$:$&'4"'5."(-.!#';'<#$:4.&#',:="%.&%"#'4"')!6!:/.=!#2' >?.-&0

@!"/A.B!/CA&$6!./0-&6

fecha de recepción: 2011/02/26 fecha de aceptación: 2011/06/12

RESUMEN

</'=%"#"($"'"#-%.$&'"?=&("2'4"'6!("%!'#"(-.//!2'/!'*!#"'4"'.4"!#'=!%!'/!'=%"DE"(-.F('4"/'4"/.$&2'!'$%!E>#'4"/'G&6"($&';'4"#!%%&//&'4"'/&#'4"%"-A&#'A:6!D(&#2'4"#4"'/!#'7!%!($8!#'.(4.E.4:!/"#0'H&#'4"%"-A&#'A:6!(&#'"('"/'I6*.$&'-%.6.(&/F7.-&' $."("(' :(!'6!;&%' $"(4"(-.!' !' /&' =&/.-.!-&' ;' ="(.$"(-.!%.&2'="%&'#"'A!'&/E.4!4&':('E8(-:/&'.6=&%$!($"2'J:"'"#'"/'%"G"%"($"'!'/!'=&/8$.-!'=K*/.-!'4"'=%"E"(-.F('#&-.!/'4"/'4"/.$&0'1#82'#"'!(!/.L!('!/7:(&#'!#="-$&#'4"'-F6&'"/'<#$!4&'-%.6.(!/.L!'!'#:#'-.:4!4!(&#';'/&#'A!-"'4"#E.!4&#2';'-F6&'4"*"'G!-./.$!%'/&#'"/"6"($&#'("-"#!%.&#'=!%!'J:"'-!4!'="%#&(!'/&7%"'#:'4"D#!%%&//&'.(4.E.4:!/2'4"'6&4&'J:"'$"(7!'-&(#"-:"(-.!#'"('/&'#&-.!/0'1/'E"%#"'G%:#$%!4&'&'4.M'-:/$!4&'"#$"2'/!'="%#&(!'-&6."(L!'!'4"#E.!%#"'4"'/&#'&*+"$.DE&#'J:"':(!'#&-."4!4'$."("2';'-!"'"('"/'4./"6!'4"'J:"'$&4&#'$"("6&#'4"%"D-A&#'A:6!(&#2'="%&'(&'$&4&#'/&#'/&7%!6&#'&*$"("%0

PALABRAS CLAVE

<$.&/&78!' 4"/' 4"/.$&2' =%"DE"(-.F('4"/'4"/.$&2' -%.6.D(&/&78!2' =&/8$.-!2' #&-."D4!4' NG:"($"O' )"#!:%&' 4"'=&/8$.-!' -%.6.(!/' /!$.(&D!6"%.-!(!'D'9H1PQRS0

262

ABSTRACT

)A.#'!%$.-/"'4.#=/!;#'.('!'#.6=/"'6!(("%'$A"'*!#"'.4"!#'G&%'-%.6"'=%"E"(D$.&('$A%&:7A'=%&6&$.&('!(4'4"E"/&=6"($'&G'A:6!('%.7A$#'G%&6'.(4.E.4D:!/'7:!%!($""#0

)A"'$%"(4'&G'A:6!('%.7A$#'.('$A"'-%.6.(&/&7.-!/'"(E.%&(6"($'.#'6&#$/;'=&D/.-"D*!#"4'!(4'&G'!'="(.$"($.!%;'(!$:%"0'T&@"E"%2'!(' .6=&%$!($'*&(4'A!#'*""('.7(&%"4O'$A"'/.(B'%"G"%%.(7'$&'$A"'=:*/.-'=&/.-;'4"!/.(7'@.$A'#&-.!/'=%"DE"($.&('&G'-%.6"0

)A:#2'#&6"'!#="-$#'#:-A'!#'A&@'$A"',$!$"'-%.6.(!/.L"#'.$#'-.$.L"(#'!(4'/"!4'$A"6'!#$%!;2'!(4'A&@'#A&:/4'.$'=%&E.4"'$A"'("-"##!%;'"/"6"($#'%"J:.%"4'G&%'"!-A'="%#&('$&'!-A."E"'!('.(4.E.4:!/'4"E"/&=6"($'@.$A'#&-.!/'-&(#"J:"(-D"#0' 9G' $A.#' .(4.E.4:!/' 4"E"/&=6"($' .#' G%:#$%!$"42' .(4.E.4:!/#' *"7.(' $&' #$%!;'G%&6'$A"'#&-."$;U#'&*+"-$.E"#'!(4'G!-"'$A"'&/4'4./"66!O'@"'!//'!%"'#:==&#"4'$&'A!E"'A:6!('%.7A$#2'*:$'(&$'!//'&G':#'4&'!-$:!//;'"(+&;'$A"60

KEY WORDS

<$.&/&7;' &G' -%.6"2' -%.6"'=%"E"($.&(2' -%.6.(&/&7;2'=&/.$.-#2' =&/.-;2' #&-."$;'N#&:%-"O')"#!:%&'4"'=&/8$.D-!' -%.6.(!/' /!$.(&!6"%.D-!(!'D'9H1PQRS0

RESUMO

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

PALAVRAS-CHAVE

<$.&/&7.!' 4!' -%.6.(!/.D4!4"2'=%"E"(XY&'4!'-%.6D.(!/.4!4"2' -%.6.(&/&7.!2'=&/8$.-!2' #&-."4!4"' NG&(D$"O' )"#!:%&' 4"' =&/8$.-!'-%.6.(!/'/!$.(&!6"%.-!(!D'9H1PQRS0

Wael Sarwat Hikal-Carreón

Prevención social del delito a través de los derechos humanos: un vínculo ignorado

263

ISSN 1794-3108. Rev. crim., Volumen 53, número 1, enero-junio 2011, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia

Introducción

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

Conceptos operacionales

1($"#'4"'4"#!%%&//!%'"/'$"6!2'-!*"'#"\!/!%2'#&/&'4"'%"-&%4!$&%.&2'!/7:(&#'-&(-"=$&#'*I#.-&#2'-&6&'5%.6.(&/&78!';'R"%"-A&'5&(#$.$:-.&(!/0

]!%!')."7A.'N^__`S2'5%.6.(&/&78!2'4"#4"':('"(G&J:"'"$.&/F7.-&2'"#O

5&(#$.$:;"2'"('#"($.4&'"#$%.-$&2'"/'(K-/"&';'"/'&*+"$&'=%.6.7"(.&'4"'/!'-%.6.(&/&78!'-."($8M'-!2'"6=8%.-!';'"?="%.6"($!/a'"//&2'"('$!($&'>#$!'=%"$"(4"'-&(&-"%'/!#'-!:#!#2'"/'&%.7"(';'"/'4"#!D%%&//&'4"'/!'="%#&(!/.4!4'4"/'4"/.(-:"($"2';'#:'-&(4:-$!'-%.6.(!/2'=!%!'#:'=&#$"%.&%'!=/.-!-.F('b=%"E"($.E!c';'b%"#&-.!/.L!($"c'N=0'`dS0

&$&',!/!L!%'N^__^S'!=&%$!'-&(-"=$&#'*I#.-&#'=!%!'-&6=%"(4"%'/&'%"/!$.E&'!O'R"%"-A&'5&(#$.D$:-.&(!/';'P!-.F(2'!'#!*"%O

5&6&'"/'-&(+:($&'4"'4.#=&#.-.&("#'J:"'%.7"('/!'&%7!(.L!-.F('4"/'<#$!4&2'/!'-&(#$.$:-.F('4"/'e&*."%(&2'/!#'%"/!-.&("#'4"'/&#'4.E"%#&#'=&4"%"#'"($%"'#82';'/!'&%7!(.L!-.F(';'G:(-.&(!6."($&'4"/'=&4"%'/"7.#/!$.E&0

H!'P!-.F('"#':(!'%"!/.4!4'#&-.!/'J:"'(!-"'4"':('"#$!4&'4"'-&(-."(-.!'-&/"-$.E&0'<#':('-&(D+:($&'4"'A&6*%"#'J:"'$."("(':('&%.7"('-&6K(2':('=!#!4&'A.#$F%.-&'=%&=.&2':(!'-:/$:%!';':(!'-.E./.L!-.F('$!6*.>('=%&=.!#2';'#"($.6."($&#';'-%""(-.!#'%"/.7.&#!#'!(I/&7&#0'<#$&#'#&(2'=%&=.!6"($"2' /&#' "/"6"($&#' J:"' .($"7%!(' "/' -&(-"=$&' 4"'P!-.F(a' ="%&' !' "//&#' 4"*"6&#'!7%"7!%'/!'-&6:(.4!4'4"'/"(7:!+"2'4"'%!L!2'"$-02'E8(-:/&#'$&4&#'J:"'-&($%.*:;"('!'%"!/.L!%'/!':(.4!4'(!-.&(!/0

</'<#$!4&'"#$I'#&6"$.4&'!/'R"%"-A&a'(&'#"'=:"4"'="(#!%'"(':('<#$!4&'#.('="(#!%2'!#.6.#6&2'"('"/'"/"6"($&'+:%84.-&'J:"'/&'%.7"0'</'<#$!4&2'-&6&'"/'A&6*%"2'"#':('#:+"$&'4"'R"%"-A&2':(!'="%#&(!'+:%84.-!0'H&#'$%"#'"/"6"($&#'4"/'<#$!4&2'!/'.($"7%!%#"2'-&(#$.$:;"('#:'="%#&(!/.4!4'N==0'fg';'fhS0

1'/&'!($"%.&%'P":6!('N^__hS'!=&%$!'#:'&=.(.F(2'%"G"%"($"'!'/!'7!%!($8!'J:"'4"*"'6!($"("%'"/'<#$!4&'=!%!'"/'-:6=/.6."($&'4"'$&4&#'#:#'4"%"-A&#O

H&#'-&(#$.$:-.&(!/.#$!#'#:"/"('A!*/!%'4"/'<#$!4&'4"'R"%"-A&'-&(-"*.4&'-&6&':(!'G&%6!'4"'"?=&("%';'//"E!%'!4"/!($"'!/'=&4"%'"#$!$!/0'i"#:/$!%8!'6I#'4.G8-./'4"M'(.%2'#.J:."%!'4"#-%.=$.E!D6"($"2'J:>'"#2'"('J:>'-&(#.#$"'"#"'=&4"%'"#$!$!/'J:"'#"'4!'-&6&'#&*%""($"(4.4&0

264



H!'!-$.E.4!4'"#$!$!/'-&(#$%"\.4!'!'/!'/";'.6=/.-!'"/'!#"7:%!6."(D$&'4"'4"%"-A&#' .(4.E.4:!/"#' ;'4"' /!' #&-."4!4'"(' #8' ;' "/' /86.$"'.6=:"#$&'"($%"'"/'=&4"%'-&(G"%.4&'=&%'/!'/";';'#:'!*:#&'N=0'jS0

,.'#"'%"-:"%4!'!'H!-!##!7("2'J:"'#"\!/!*!'J:"O'b"/'6"4.&'#&-.!/'"#'"/'-!/4&'4"'-:/$.E&'4"'/!'-%.6.(!/.4!42'"/'6.-%&*.&'"#'"/'-%.6.(!/a'/!'#&-."4!4'-%"!'#:#'=%&=.&#'-%.6.(!/"#2';'-!4!'#&-."4!4'$."("'/&#'-%.6.(!/"#'J:"'6"%"-"c'Ni";(&#&'R!E./!2'^__`2'=0'g`S2'#"'=&4%I'.%'!%$.-:/!(4&'/&'J:"'#"'6:"#$%!'"('/&#'#.7:."($"#'$"6!#0

,"\!/!'P":6!('N^__hSO

,."6=%"'#"'!%7:;"('*:"(!#' %!L&("#k'="%&'A!;':(!' .(7"($"'-!($.4!4'4"'A&6*%"#'"('H!$.(&!6>%.-!'J:"'E.E"('!A"%%&+!4&#'"('/!'6!%7.(!-.F('#&-.!/O'A!6*%"2'4"#"6=/"&2'#:*-:/$:%.L!-.F(2'A!-.(!6."($&0'P&'=:"4&'="(#!%'(.'=&%':('#"7:(4&'J:"'"#$&#'A&6*%"#'#&(' /.*%"#2' l(.'!:('=&%'6!(4!$&' /"7!/m' n5F6&'=&4"%'-&(E"(-"%/&#'4"'J:"'/!'/";';'/!'+:#$.-.!'#&('=!%!'$&4&#o'n5F6&'"?=/.-!%/"#'$&4&'"#&'-:!(4&'(&'$."("('!/.6"($&#'=!%!'//"E!%'!'#:#'A&7!%"#'(.'6"4.-!6"($&#'#.'#:#'A.+&#'#"'"(G"%6!(o'N=0'pjS0

Relación de la criminología con los derechos humanos desde el enfoque preventivo-político

<('&$%&#'-&($"?$&#2'-:!(4&'#"'-:"#$.&(!'-:I/'"#'/!'/!*&%'4"/'-%.6.D(F/&7&2'/!'%"#=:"#$!'"#'%I=.4!6"($"'N!4"6I#'4"'/!'-&(G:#.F('-&('"/'$>%6.(&'4"'-%.6.(!/.#$!S2'"('/!'=%&-:%!-.F('4"'+:#$.-.!';'"/'#.#$"D6!'="(.$"(-.!%.&a'"('&$%&#'6&6"($&#2'!/7:."('-&('.4"!#'6I#'-/!D%!#'#"\!/!%I'/!'=%"E"(-.F('4"/'4"/.$&';'/!'#"7:%.4!4'=%.E!4!0'q!'"('6:-A&#'=/!("#'4"'"#$:4.&'4"'/!#'/.-"(-.!$:%!#'"('-%.6.(&/&78!'#"'.(4.-!'J:"'/!#'I%"!#'/!*&%!/"#2'!4"6I#'4"'/!#'!($"%.&%"#'N-I%-"/"#';'#"%E.-.&#'="%.-.!/"#S2'#"%I('/!#'4"'4"%"-A&#'A:6!(&#2'="%&'nJ:>'%"D/!-.F('$."("'/!'-%.6.(&/&78!'-&('/&#'4"%"-A&#'A:6!(&#o'n,"'"#$I'"('=&#.-.F('4"'A!*/!%'4"':(!'-%.6.(&/&78!'4"'/&#'4"%"-A&#'A:6!(&#o'nH&#'-%.6.(F/&7&#'A:6!(.#$!#'"?.#$"(o'n5%.6.(F/&7&#'A:6!(.#$!#'4"G"(#&%"#'4"'/!'-&(#$.$:-.F(';'4"'/&#'4"%"-A&#'A:6!(&#o

<('-:!($&'!'/&'!($"%.&%2'-!*"'%"-&%4!%'"/'-!%I-$"%'-%8$.-&'4"'/&#'-%.6.D(F/&7&#2'-&('"/'J:"'#"'A!('G&%6!4&a'"#$"'#."6=%"'"#$I'%"-/!6!(4&'=&%':(!'6"+&%'#.$:!-.F('="(.$"(-.!%.!2'=&/.-.!-!2'!-!4>6.-!2'4"'+:#$.D-.!2'"($%"'&$%!#0'R"'!-:"%4&'-&('i"#$%"=&'r&($!/E&'N^__^SO

P&#'=!%"-"'J:"' /&#' -%.6.(F/&7&#' %!4.-!/"#'A!('A"-A&'6:-A!#'6I#'4"(:(-.!#'Nl4"(:(-.!#'EI/.4!#'"('#:'7%!('6!;&%8!mS'J:"'=%&D=:"#$!#2'!'6"(&#'J:"'#"'-&(#.4"%"'=%&=:"#$!#'!'"#!'E!7!2'4.G:D


265


#!2'-&(G:#!';'&*$:#!'.4"!'4"':('-!6*.&'$&$!/'4"/'#.#$"6!'J:"':('48!'A!*%I'G!$!/6"($"'4"'//"7!%0's:.LI#'E!/4%8!'/!'="(!'=%"7:($!%/"#'!'$!/"#'=%"7&("%&#'J:>'=."(#!('A!-"%'"/'48!'#.7:."($"'4"/' !"#$%"&'()2'-F6&'=."(#!('6!("+!%'/!'.(("7!*/"'%"!/.4!4'4"'J:"'"?.#$"(';'#"7:.%I('"?.#$."(4&'="%#&(!#'J:"'%"!/.L!('-&(4:-$!#'.(!-"=$!*/"#'=!%!'-:!/J:."%'$.=&'4"'#&-."4!42'-&6&'"/'7"(&D-.4.&2'/!'E.&/!-.F(2'"/'4!\&'"-&/F7.-&2'"$->$"%!0'ns:>'A!-"%'-&('"#&#'4"#E.!4&#o2'n4"+!%/&#'/.*%"#';'(&'6I#o'1M'%6!%'%&$:(4!6"($"'J:"'#&('6"%&#'=%&4:-$&#'4"':(!'#&-."4!4' .(+:#$!'=&4%8!'.(-/:#&'#"%':('=:($&'4"'=!%$.4!2'="%&'(:(-!'#"%I'#:M'-."($"'N=0'pfjS0

1A&%!'*."(2'=!#!(4&'!/'$"6!'4"'b-:I/'"#'/!'%"/!-.F('4"'/!'-%.6.(&/&78!'-&('/&#'4"%"-A&#'A:6!D(&#c2']>%"L'].(LF(';']>%"L'5!#$%&'N^__gS'#"\!/!('#"(-.//!6"($"'J:"O'b#:'E.&/!-.F('&'=:"#$!'"('="/.7%&'"#'&*+"$&'4"'-%.6.(&/&78!c0

]&%'#:'=!%$"2'1%%&;&'t:I%"L'N^__`S'#"\!/!'J:"O

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``S0

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a'#.':(!'#&-."4!4'#"'"(-:"($%!'"('"#$!#'#.$:!-.&("#2'(&'=:"4"'E.E.%2'(&'A!;'!%6&(8!0'V*#>%E"(#"'/&#'-!#&#'4"'/&#'=!8#"#'-&('7:"%%!'&'-&('%"786"("#'=&/8$.-&#'6:;'%87.4&#2'(&'/&7%!('=%&7%"#!%0

H&'!($"%.&%'J:"4!'-&6=%"(4.4&'!(!/.L!(4&'"/' -&(-"=$&'4"' -%.6.(&/&78!'J:"'A!%I('u.(#/&@';'vA!(7'N^__wS2' /!'-:!/'=:"4"'#"%'4"M'(.4!'b#"(-.//!6"($"2'-&6&'"/'"#$:4.&'4"' /!#'-!:#!#'4"/'-%.6"(';'/!'-&(4:-$!'-%.6.(!/0'H!'5%.6.(&/&78!'.(-/:;"'"/'"#$:4.&'4"'/!'+:#$.-.!'-%.6.(!/2'"('"/'#:D=:"#$&'4"'J:"'>#$!'4"$"%6.(!'"/'-%.6"(2';'"('&$%&#'-!#&#'=:"4"'=%&4:-.%/&c'N=0'^S0

V%"//!(!'u.!%-&'N^__hS'#"\!/!'J:"O

]!%!'4"$"%6.(!%'"/'-!6=&'4"'"#$:4.&'4"'/!'5%.6.(&/&78!'"#'("-"#!%.&'J:"'=%&G:(4.-"6&#':('=&-&'!/'%"#="-$&0'P&'$&4&#'/&#'"#$:4.&#&#'4"'"#$!'6!$"%.!2'-:;!'#.#$"6!$.L!-.F('"#'6:;'%"-."(D$"2'"#$I('$&$!/6"($"'-&(E"(-.4&#'4"'J:"'/!'5%.6.(&/&78!'4"*!'&-:=!%#"'"?-/:#.E!6"($"'4"/'"#$:4.&'4"'/!#'-&(4:-$!#'4"/.-$:&#!#2'&'#"!2'4"'!J:>//!#'J:"'%"!/.L!('/&#'.(4.E.4:&#';'J:"'J:"D4!('="%G"-$!6"($"'"(-:!4%!4!#'&'$.=.M'-!4!#'"('/!#'4"#-%.=-.&("#'J:"'/!'H";']"(!/'-&($."("a'&'#.2'=&%'"/'-&($%!%.&2'=:"4!'!*!%-!%':('-!6=&'$&4!E8!'6I#'"?$"(#&2'-&6&'#"%8!('/&#'//!6!4&#'+*,"-)*$%!(&(#. +#)*2'J:"'#.('"(-&($%!%#"'$.=.M'-!4&#'-&6&'4"/.$&#2'-&(#$.$:;"(':(!'=%"4.#=&D#.-.F(2':('%."#7&2':(!'.(-/.(!-.F('6I#'&'6"(&#'!-"($:!4!2'J:"'.(4:-"('!/'.(4.E.4:&'!'4"/.(J:.%2'-&6&'#&('"/'!/-&A&/.#6&2'/!'4%&7!4.--.F(2'/!'=%&#$.$:-.F(2'/!'E!7!(-.!2'"$-0'N=0'ppS0

266



i";(&#&'RIE./!'N^__`S'.(4.-!'J:"O'b"('-&(#"-:"(-.!2'#.'J:"%"6&#'$"("%':('-&(-"=$&'.($"7%!/'4"/'4"/.$&'(&'"#'#:M'-."($"'"/'"#$:4.&'6"%!6"($"'+:%84.-&'4"/'6.#6&2';!'J:"'"/'"#$:4.&'4"/'4"/.$&'(&'#"'!7&$!'-&('/!'#&/!'(&%6!$.E.4!4c'N=0'j_S0

x"%7!//.'Njdh^S'!=:($!O

<#$!' $!%"!2'"($&(-"#2'&*/.7!'!' /!'5%.6.(&/&78!'!'!/!%7!%'#:'-&6"$.4&2';'"?$%!;"(4&'4"' /!#'-."(-.!#'4"'J:"'#"'(:$%"'/&#'"/"6"($&#'*I#.-&#'4"'.(E"#$.7!-.F('#"'.($%&4:-"'"('"/'"#$:4.&'4"' /!#'-&(4:-$!#'A:6!(!#'(&'-&($"6=/!4!#'!K('=&%' /&#'&%4"(!6."($&#' +:%84.-&#'&'E.#$!#'J:.LI'4"#4"'&$%&'I(7:/&2'-&6&'=&4%8!'#"%'"/'-!#&'4"'%"7/!6"($&#'4"'=&/.-8!2'(&%6!#'>$.-&D#&-.!/"#2'%"/.7.&#!#2'"$-0'N=0'jjpS0

R"'"//&'#"'4!'=!#&'!/' $"6!'!'-&($.(:!-.F(2'=!%!'!6=/.!%'"/'-&(&-.6."($&'#&*%"'"#&#'"#$!4&#'-%.6.(F7"(&#0

La conducta antisocial desde la óptica de la violación de los derechos humanos

,.'#"'%"-:"%4!' /!'-&(-"=-.F('#"(-.//!'4"'-&(4:-$!'!($.#&-.!/2'#"'=:"4"'#"\!/!%'J:"'"#$!'"#' /!'J:"'4!\!'!'/!'#&-."4!42';'!:(J:"'$!/'!M'%6!-.F('!*%"':('"#="-$%&'7.7!($"#-&2'/!'4"/.6.$!-.F('(&'#"'A!'E.#$&'//"7!%a'!#82'4"#4"'/!'F=$.-!'4"'-!4!'-."(-.!2'/!'-&(4:-$!'!($.#&-.!/'=:"4"'E!%.!%a'=!%!'"//&2'"/'4"%"-A&'="(!/';'/!'=#.-&/&78!'!(&%6!/'!=&%$!('-/!%.4!4'"('-:!($&'!'/&#'&*+"$&#'J:"'A!('4"'"#$:4.!%#"a'=&%'&$%&'/!4&2'/!'E.&/!-.F('4"'4"%"-A&#'A:6!(&#'E."("'!'-!"%2'"('6:-A&#'-!#&#2'-&6&'4"/.$&#'$.=.M'-!4&#2'="%&'"('&$%&#'E."("'!'#"%'"#"'$.=&'4"'-&(4:-$!#'J:"'"#$I('!/'*&%4"'4"'-&(E"%$.%#"'"('4"/.$&#';'J:"';!'4!\!('/!'.($"7%.4!4'4"'/!#'="%#&(!#';'4"'/!#'#&-."4!4"#0

H&'!($"%.&%'4"*"'E.#:!/.L!%#"'-&6&':('-&(-"=$&'!E!(L!4&'4"'-&(4:-$!'!($.#&-.!/'&'6&4!/.4!D4"#'J:"'!G"-$!('/!'E.4!2'%"-&%4!(4&'J:"'4"#4"'"/'-&(-"=$&'#&-.&/F7.-&2'"/'-%.6"('!G"-$!'!'/!'#&-."4!4';'!'#:#' .(4.E.4:&#0')&4!'4.#-%.6.(!-.F(2'"?-/:#.F(';'!*!(4&(&'=%&E&-!('%"#:/$!4&#'J:"'4"'-."%$!'6!("%!'-%.6.(!/.L!(';'"#$.76!$.L!('4"$"%6.(!4!#'-&(4:-$!#0

1#.6.#6&2'A!;'J:"'-&(#.4"%!%'#.$:!-.&("#'b7%!E"#c2'-&6&'/&'#&('/!#'7:"%%!#a'!:(J:"'"('"/'I6D*.$&'-%.6.(&/F7.-&'"#$&'A!'J:"4!4&'G:"%!'4"/'"#$:4.&';'$"6!2'"#$"'A"-A&'//"E!'!':(!'-!($.4!4'4"'4"/.$&#'"('!/$&'(K6"%&0'Q(!'7:"%%!'=:"4"'#"%'-&6"(L!4!'4"#4"':(!'="%#&(!2'A!#$!'7%:=&#a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i";"#'5!/4"%F(2'^__`2'=0'`j`S0

R"'/&'!($"%.&%2'i"#$%"=&'r&($!/E&'N^__^S'#"\!/!';'=%&=&("O

H!'"?.#$"(-.!'4"'&=-.&("#'4.E"%#!#'4"'"#$%:-$:%!-.F('4"'/&#'7%:=&#'G!6./.!%"#2'G&6"($!%':(!'!6=/.!'$&/"%!(-.!'%"/.7.&#!';'4"'/!#'4.E"%#!#'"?=%"#.&("#'4"'/!'!%%"/.7.&#.4!42'$&/"%!%'"('/&#'4"6I#'&=-.&("#'#"?:!/"#'4.E"%#!#'4"'/!#'J:"'="%#&(!/6"($"'!-&7"6&#2'%"#="$!%'/!'.($.6.D


267


4!4'4"'-!4!'6."6*%&'4"/'7%:=&';'"/'/.*%"'"#-&7.6."($&'4"/'4"#!%%&//&'4"'#:'=%&=.!'="%#&(!D/.4!4'NkS2'%"#="$!%';'4"G"(4"%2'"(':(!'#&/!'=!/!*%!2'/!#'&=-.&("#';'/&#'4"%"-A&#'4"/'&$%&2'#&('G&%6!#'(&'#&/&'4"'/&7%!%':(!'#&-."4!4'6I#'4"6&-%I$.-!2'6I#'!*."%$!2'6"(&#'7"("%!4&%!'4"'G%:#$%!-.&("#';'=&%' /&'6.#6&'6:;'=%&*!*/"6"($"'6"(&#'E.&/"($!2'#.(&'J:"2'!/'=%&=.&'$."6=&2'-&(#$.$:;"('=&/8$.-!#'"G"-$.E!#'4"'=%"E"(-.F('4"'/!'4"#E.!-.F(';'4"':('6!("+&'6I#'A:6!(&';'/"78$.6&'4"'/!'6.#6!'N==0'p`^';'p`pS0

1#8'-&6&'"/'<#$!4&'"(':('=%.(-.=.&'$:$"/!'/&#'4"%"-A&#'A:6!(&#2'$!6*.>('E:/("%!';'4!\!'/&#'4"'&$%&#2'-&6&'-&(#"-:"(-.!'4"'%"(-.//!#'4"'&%.7"('=&/8$.-&'&'%"/.7.&#&0'R"'"//&2'A!;'J:"'!=/.-!%'-."%D$!#'=%I-$.-!#'-&6K(6"($"'//"E!4!#'=&%'/!'V%7!(.L!-.F('4"'/!#'P!-.&("#'Q(.4!#'N;'J:"'$!6*.>('-&%%"#=&(4"('!'/!'/!*&%'-%.6.(&/F7.-!2'="%&'"/'-%.6.(F/&7&'4"'/!'=!L'"#':(!'M'7:%!'!:#"($"';'-!#.'.("?.#$"($"S2'!'/!#'-:!/"#'#"'//!6!'y6!($"(.6."($&'4"'/!'=!LU';'y-&(#$%:-$&%'4"'/!'=!LU'N$>%6.(&#'6"+&%'.4"($.M'-!4&#'-&6&'/+"%+0++1(# ';'/+"%+'2(3-(# S0

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

1#.6.#6&2'-&6&'#"\!/!'1%%&;&'t:I%"L'N^__`SO

H&#'<#$!4&#'!/'M'%6!%'-&(E"(.&#';'$%!$!4&#2'&'"6.$.%'/"7.#/!-.&("#'#&*%"'4"%"-A&#'A:6!(&#2'#"'#.$K!('4"($%&'4"'/!'(&%6!'/"7!/2'6."($%!#'J:"'"('/!'=%I-$.-!'E.&/!(2'"('&-!#.&("#'#.#$"D6I$.-!6"($"2' /&#'4"%"-A&#'4"'#:#'-.:4!4!(&#2'!6=!%!4&#'"('"#&#'6.#6&#' .(#$%:6"($&#'/"7!/"#2'&'#.6=/"6"($"'/&#'.7(&%!('N=0'`hpS0

</'6.#6&'!:$&%'%"#!/$!'J:"'/!'H";'"#'/!'J:"'"#$!*/"-"'J:>'4"%"-A&#'#&('G:(4!6"($!/"#2'="%&'"#$!'6.#6!'$."("'4"%"-A&'!'=%.E!%/&#'&'/.6.$!%/&#'-:!(4&'!#8'/&'-&(#.4"%"k'R"'/&'!($"%.&%'%"D#:/$!'.($"%"#!($"'!(!/.L!%'/!'="%#="-$.E!'4"':('=&#.*/"'b<#$!4&'-%.6.(!/c2'"('J:"'4"%.E!4&'4"'#:#'4"#-:.4&#';'4"'#:#'6!/&#'G:(-.&(!%.&#'=K*/.-&#2'#"'E:/("%!'!'/&#'-.:4!4!(&#a'!#8'/&'.(4.-!(']>%"L'].(LF(';']>%"L'5!#$%&'N^__gS2'!/'#"\!/!%'J:"'4"#4"'"#$"'=:($&'4"'E.#$!2'/!'-%.6.(!/.4!4'#"'=%"#"($!'-:!(4&O

90' H&#'4"*"%"#'J:"' /&#'$%!$!4&#' .6=&("('!' /&#'<#$!4&#'#&('4"#-&(&-.4&#'=&%'"#$&#2'=&%'!--.F('&'=&%'&6.#.F(a'E"%*.7%!-.!2'#.'(&'.6=/"6"($!('/&'("-"#!%.&'=!%!'*:#-!%'/!'%"#&-.!D/.L!-.F('4"'/&#'-&(4"(!4&#0

268



990' </'#.#$"6!'="(!/'"#'.(+:#$&2'=&%'"+"6=/&2'#.'(&'%"-&(&-"'/&#'4"%"-A&#'4"'/&#'7%:=&#'>$(.-&#0

9990' H!'5&(#$.$:-.F('=&/8$.-!'&' /!#' /";"#'"#$!*/"-"(':'&$&%7!('4"%"-A&#2'="%&'"/'<#$!4&'(&'G!-./.$!'#:'"+"-:-.F(2'NkS0

9z0'</'<#$!4&2'!%*.$%!%.!6"($"2'#&'=%"?$&'4"'4"G"(4"%'/!#'.(#$.$:-.&("#';'=%&$"7"%'!'/!'#&-."D4!42'!-:4"'!'6"4.4!#'4"'"?-"=-.F(2'-&('6"(7:!'4"'/!'/&-&6&-.F(2'/!'&=.(.F(2'/!'.($"7%.D4!42'/!'#!/:42'/!'G!6./.!2'/!'-&(-."(-.!'&'/!'.($.6.4!4'N=0'`fS0

La prevención social del delito

]&%'&$%&'/!4&2'/&#'-&(-"=$&#'4"'=%"E"(-.F('#&-.!/'4"/'4"/.$&2'"('#:'6!;&%8!2'#"\!/!('J:"'#"%I'4"'#:6!'.6=&%$!(-.!'"/'G!-./.$!%'/&#'"/"6"($&#'("-"#!%.&#'=!%!'"/'4"#!%%&//&'#&-.!/'4"'/&#'-.:4!4!D(&#2'J:"'="%6.$!(':(!'"E&/:-.F('.(4.E.4:!/';'J:"'4"%.E"('"('%"#:/$!4&#'=!%!'/!'#&-."4!40

1#82' !%$8("L'x!#$.4!'N^__hS'#"\!/!O

,"'*!#!'"('.($"%E"(-.&("#'(&'="(!/"#'#&*%"'4"/.(-:"($"#'=&$"(-.!/"#2'&%."($!4!#'!'!$"(:!%'#:'=%&="(#.F('-%.6.(!/2'#:#$"($I(4&#"'"('/!#'$"&%8!#'-/I#.-!#'4"'/!'"$.&/&78!'4"/'4"/.$&2'#"7K('/!#'-:!/"#'/!'!--.F('-%.6.(!/'#"'"?=/.-!'=&%'/!'"?.#$"(-.!'4"'4.E"%#&#'G!-$&%"#'NG!6./.!2'"#-:"/!2'!6.7&#2'=!%"+!2'"6=/"&2'4%&7!#2'!/-&A&/2'"$-0S0'<#'4"-.%2'#"'=%"$"(4"'!-$:!%'#&*%"'/!#'-!:#!#'6I#'#.7(.M'-!$.E!#'4"'/!'-%.6.(!/.4!4';'/!'-%"!-.F('4"'/!L&#'4"'#&/.4!%.4!4'#&-.!/'J:"2'G!E&%"D-."(4&'/!'=%"E"(-.F('4"'-&(4:-$!#'./8-.$!#2'.(-%"6"($"('/!'-!/.4!4'4"'E.4!'4"'/&#'-.:4!4!(&#2';'#:#'%"#:/$!4&#'#F/&'=&4%8!('4!%#"'"('"/'6"4.!(&';'/!%7&'=/!L&'N=0'djS0

5."(G:"7&#',!/7!4&';'5.G:"($"#'z!%7!#'N^__dS'!=:($!('6:;'!4"-:!4!6"($"O

]%"E"(.%'%"#:/$!'.(4.#="(#!*/"2'!($"#'.(-/:#&'J:"'4.#:!4.%0'1'="#!%'4"'"//&2'"/'4"*!$"'(&'#"'A!'-"($%!4&'"('/!#'6"4.4!#'J:"'4"*"%8!('!4&=$!%#"'=!%!'-%"!%'/!#'-&(4.-.&("#'J:"'(!$:%!/D6"($"'b=%"E"(7!(c'/!'%"!/.L!-.F('4"'/!#'-&(4:-$!#'(&'4"#"!4!#0'1J:8'/&#'$"6!#'"-&(F6.-&2'=&/8$.-&';'#&-.!/'#"'"($%"/!L!(0'H!#'=&/8$.-!#'=K*/.-!#'(&'=:"4"('&*E.!%'"/'!(I/.#.#'.($"%';'$%!(#D4.#-.=/.(!%'=!%!'#"%'"M'-."($"#';'"M'-!-"#'"('/&#'&*+"$.E&#'=/!($"!4&#'N=0'jjS0

5"(.-"%&#'#"\!/!'-&6&'-!:#!#'4"/'!:6"($&'4"'/!'-%.6.(!/.4!4O

</'=!:="%.#6&'-&6&'G"(F6"(&':(.E"%#!/';'-&(#"-:"(-.!'4"'/!'-%.#.#2'-!4!'E"L'6I#'!7:4!2'4"'/!'&%7!(.L!-.F('#&-.!/'-!=.$!/.#$!a'"/'-%"-.6."($&'4"'/!'=&*/!-.F(2'-&('/!'-&(#"-:"($"'!7/&6"%!D-.F('"('L&(!#':%*!(!#';'*!%%.&#'*!+&#';'"/'!:6"($&'4"'4"#&-:=!4&#2'E!7&#';'6!/E.E."($"#a'/!'4"#=%&=&%-.F('(&$&%.!'"($%"'"/'!:6"($&'4"'/!'=&*/!-.F(';'/&#'#"%E.-.&#'=K*/.-&#a'"/'!:6"($&'4"'-"($%&'4"'E.-.&#';'4"'.(6&%!/.4!42'-:;!'.({':"(-.!'="%(.-.&#!'(&'A!('=&4.4&'-&($%!%%"#$!%'(.'"/'A&7!%'(.'/!'"#-:"/!a'/!'4"#&%."($!-.F('>$.-!'4"'/!'"#-:"/!';'"/'J:"*%!($!6."($&'4"'/!#'(&%6!#'4"'/!'E.4!'4"/'A&7!%2'-:;&#'.4"!/"#'=!#!4&#'(&'A!('#.4&'#:#$.$:.4&#'4"'6&4&'=%"-.#&'=&%'(&%6!#'(:"E!#'J:"' .6=/.J:"('E"%4!4"%&#'G%"(&#'6&%!/"#a'"/'-.("6!$F7%!G&';' /!'$"/"E.#.F('-&6&'"#D-:"/!#'4"'6&%*&#.4!4a'/!'%"/!+!-.F('4"'/!#'-&#$:6*%"#a'"/'-A!($!+"'="%.&48#$.-&a'/!'"#-!#"L'4"'/!'=&/.-8!'"G"-$.E!6"($"'=%"=!%!4!2'$>-(.-!';'6&%!/6"($"2'=!%!'"/'4"#"6="\&'4"'#:#'G:(-.&("#a'/!'-!%"(-.!'4"'*:"(!#'-I%-"/"#';'="(.$"(-.!%8!#a'/!'G!/$!'4"'4.%"-$&%"#';'="%#&(!/'"#="-.!/.L!4&'!/'G%"($"'4"'"#&#'"#$!*/"-.6."($&#2'J:"'/!'4&-$%.(!'="(!/'J:.#."%!'E"%'-&(E"%$.4&#'"('$!//"%2'"#D-:"/!2'-!6=&'4"'4"=&%$"2'/!*&%!$&%.&#2'"$->$"%!a'"/'-&;&$!+"'&%7!(.L!4&'-&('/!'-&6=/.-.4!4'&'/!'=!#.E.4!4'4"'/&#'G:(-.&(!%.&#'-!%-"/!%.&#'G!/$&#'4"'=%&*.4!4a'/!'.(-"%$.4:6*%"'4"'/!'%"=%"#.F(2'


269


=&%J:"'!/7:(!#'!:$&%.4!4"#'J:"'4"*"%8!('-&6*!$.%'/!'4"/.(-:"(-.!'/!'"(-:*%"(2'&'!:('/!'%"!/.DL!(2'!6=!%!4!#'=&%'"/'=&4"%'=:"#$&'"('#:#'6!(&#a'/!'G!/$!'4"'%"#="$&'4"'!/7:(!#'!:$&%.4!4"#'!'/&#'6!(4!$&#'/"7!/"#';'"('=!%$.-:/!%'!'/!#'%"#&/:-.&("#'4"'/!'+:#$.-.!'G"4"%!/a'/!'.6=:(.4!4'4"'/&#'4"/.$&#'-&6"$.4&#'=&%'7"($"'J:"'4.#=&("'4"'.({':"(-.!'=!%!'"/:4.%'/!'!--.F('4"'/!'=&/.-8!'&'=!%!'G%:#$%!%'/!'!-$:!-.F('+:4.-.!/a'/!'*"(.7(.4!4'"('/!'"+"-:-.F('4"'/!#'#"($"(-.!#'4.-$!4!#'=&%'/&#'$%.D*:(!/"#a'/!'G!/$!'4"'.(#$.$:-.&("#'J:"'!;:4"(';'&%."($"('!'-&(#"7:.%'$%!*!+&'!'/&#'J:"'#!/"('4"'/!#'-I%-"/"#'&'%"7%"#!('4"'/!#'-&/&(.!#'4"'%"/"7!-.F(2'"$->$"%!'Ni";(&#&'R!E./!2'^__`2'==0'g`';'gfS0

i"#$%"=&'r&($!/E&'N^__^S'!=:($!O

Q('*:"('6!("+&'4"'/!#'=&/8$.-!#'=%"E"($.E!#'4"*"'=%&4:-.%':(!'6"(&%':$./.L!-.F('4"/'!=!D%!$&'%"=%"#&%0'1/' .7:!/'J:"'"(' /!'6"4.-.(!2'$!6*.>('"('"#$"'-!6=&'"#'6"+&%'=%"E"(.%'J:"'.($"($!%'-:%!%0'</'$%!$!6."($&'="(.$"(-.!%.&2';'"('7"("%!/'$&4!'=&/8$.-!'4"'%"=%"#.F(2'"#2'"('7%!('6"4.4!2'%"#:/$!4&'4"'/!#'G!//!#'J:"'"?.#$"('"('b/!'=&/8$.-!'#&-.!/'-&%%"-$!c'N=0'p`pS0

H!'VM'-.(!'4"' /!#'P!-.&("#'Q(.4!#'-&($%!' /!'R%&7!';'"/'R"/.$&'N^__hS'4"M'("' /!'=%"E"(-.F('4"/'4"/.$&'-&6&'/!'J:"O

<(7/&*!'/!#'"#$%!$"7.!#';'6"4.4!#'"(-!6.(!4!#'!'%"4:-.%'"/'%."#7&'4"'J:"'#"'=%&4:L-!('4"/.D$&#';'#:#'=&#.*/"#'"G"-$&#'="%+:4.-.!/"#'=!%!'/!#'="%#&(!#';'/!'#&-."4!42'.(-/:.4&'"/'$"6&%'!'/!'4"/.(-:"(-.!2';'!'.($"%E"(.%'=!%!'.({':.%'"('#:#'6K/$.=/"#'-!:#!#'N=0'p_pS0

H&#'"/"6"($&#'=%&E"(."($"#'4"'/!'5&(#$.$:-.F('(!-.&(!/';'4&-:6"($&#'.($"%(!-.&(!/"#'#"%I('/!'*!#"'4"'/!#'=&/8$.-!#'=K*/.-!#'4"'4"#!%%&//&'=!%!'-!4!'I%"!'"#="-8M'-!a'A!'4"'"($"(4"%#"2'4"#4"':(!'F=$.-!'4"'P!-.&("#'Q(.4!#2'J:"'$&4&'4"#!+:#$"'"('/&#'"/"6"($&#'*!#!/"#'=!%!'"/'4"#!%%&//&'#&-.!/'$."("'-&(#"-:"(-.!#'J:"'=:"4"('4"%.E!%'"('A!6*%"2'=&*%"L!2'G!/$!'4"'"6=/"&';'4"'"4:D-!-.F(2'7:"%%!';'-%.6"(0

H!'*!#"'4"'/&#'4"%"-A&#'A:6!(&#'"#'"/'<#$!4&';'/!#'/";"#'J:"'4"'"#$"'"6!(!(a'#&('"#"'-&(+:($&'4"'b4"%"-A&#c'J:"'$&4&#'6"%"-"6&#'=!%!'(:"#$%&'4"#!%%&//&'.($"7%!/2'="%&'J:"'/!6"($!*/"D6"($"'(&'$&4&#'=&4"6&#'!/-!(L!%0

Desarrollo humano y social

i"-&%4!(4&'/&#'-&(-"=$&#'6&#$%!4&#'!($"#2'!=&%$!4&#'=&%' !%$8("L'x!#$.4!'N=%"E"(-.F('#&D-.!/'4"/'4"/.$&S';'/!'V%7!(.L!-.F('4"'/!#'P!-.&("#'Q(.4!#'N=%"E"(-.F('4"/'4"/.$&S2'"#$!'&*%!'A!'4"'6&#$%!%'!/'/"-$&%'J:"'/&#'&*+"$.E&#'4"'/&#'4"%"-A&#'A:6!(&#'#&('/&#'4"'4"#!%%&//&2'/&#'-:!/"#'#"%E.%I('-&6&'*!#"'4"'/!#'=&/8$.-!#'=K*/.-!#'"('$&4&#'/&#'I6*.$&#'4"'/!'#&-."4!42'4"'6&4&'J:"'="%6.$!(':('-%"-.6."($&'#&-.!/0

i";"#'5!/4"%F('N^__`S'-&(#$%:;"':('-&(-"=$&'E.(-:/!4&'!/'$"6!2';'!(&$!'J:"O

,"'"($."(4"('=&%'R"%"-A&#'T:6!(&#O'/&#'4"%"-A&#'*I#.-&#'J:"'"/'.(4.E.4:&'("-"#.$!'=!%!'=&4"%'4"#!%%&//!%#"'=/"(!6"($"0

H!'4.7(.4!4'4"'/!'="%#&(!'A:6!(!'"#'"/'=%.(-.=.&'*I#.-&'4"'/&#'R"%"-A&#'T:6!(&#0')&4!#'/!#'="%#&(!#'=&%'"/'A"-A&'4"'"?.#$.%'$."("('4"%"-A&#2'/&#'-:!/"#'4"*"('#"%'%"#="$!4&#'=&%'"/'<#$!4&2'#:#'!:$&%.4!4"#';'$&4&#';'-!4!':(&'4"'(&#&$%&#'N=0'ppfS0

270



H!'!:#"(-.!'4"'"#$&#'4"%"-A&#'A:6!(&#2'"#="-8M'-!6"($"'/&#'4"'"4:-!-.F(2'"6=/"&2'E.E."(4!'4.7(!2'.7:!/4!4'!($"'/!'/";2'"($%"'&$%&#'$!($&#2'A!'=%&E&-!4&':('=%&*/"6!'7%!E"2'J:"'"#'/!'6.D7%!-.F(';'$%!$!'4"'="%#&(!#0'1/' %"#="-$&2'eF6"L')!7/"'HF="L'N^__dS'&=.(!O'b/!'6.7%!-.F(2' /!'$%!$!';'$%IM'-&'4"'="%#&(!#'-&(#$.$:;"(':(!'4"'/!#'=%&*/"6I$.-!#'J:"'7"("%!('6!;&%"#'=%"&-:D=!-.&("#'!'(.E"/'6:(4.!/2'6I?.6"'#.'-&('"//&#'#"'="%#.7:"('M'("#'4"'"?=/&$!-.F('#"?:!/c'N=0'j_dS0

]&%'#:'=!%$"2'5!/E!(.'N^___S'#"\!/!'J:"O

<('/&#'K/$.6&#'!\&#'/&#'<#$!4&#'6."6*%&#'A!('E.#$&':('7%!('.(-%"6"($&'"('"/'-%"-.6."($&'4"/'$%IM'-&'4"'="%#&(!#2':(!'-!%!-$"%8#$.-!'4"/'!*:#&'4"'/&#'4"%"-A&#'G:(4!6"($!/0'</'$%IM'-&'4"'F%7!(&#2'#"'A!'%"-&(&-.4&2'"#':(!'4"'/!#'!-$.E.4!4"#'6I#'/:-%!$.E!#'4"/'-%.6"('&%7!(.L!D4&'$%!(#(!-.&(!/0

R"'!-:"%4&'-&('/!'VM'-.(!'4"'/!#'P!-.&("#'Q(.4!#'-&($%!'/!'R%&7!';'"/'R"/.$&'N^__hSO

H!#' -!:#!#'*I#.-!#'4"' /!' $%!$!' #&('4.E"%#!#' ;' !'6"(:4&'4.M'"%"('4"':('=!8#' !'&$%&0'<(' #:'*K#J:"4!'4"':(!'E.4!'6"+&%'"('&$%!'=!%$"2'/!#'="%#&(!#'4"#G!E&%"-.4!#'-!"('!'6"(:4&'"('6!(&#'4"'4"/.(-:"($"#'J:"'#"'!=%&E"-A!('4"'#:'#.$:!-.F(';'/!#'"?=/&$!(0'H!#'4.M'-:/$!4"#'"-&(F6.-!#2' /&#' -&({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

V$%&#'G!-$&%"#'J:"'G!-./.$!('/!'$%!$!'4"'="%#&(!#'#&('/!#'G%&($"%!#'="%6"!*/"#2' /&#'G:(-.&D(!%.&#'=K*/.-&#'-&%%:=$&#2'/!'=!%$.-.=!-.F('4"'7%:=&#'&'%"4"#'4"'/!'4"/.(-:"(-.!'&%7!(.L!4!'.($"%(!-.&(!/2'/!'/.6.$!4!'-!=!-.4!4'&'E&/:($!4'4"'/&#'F%7!(&#'4"'.(6.7%!-.F('&'!=/.-!-.F('4"'/!'/";'=!%!'-&($%&/!%'/!#'G%&($"%!#2'/!'G!/$!'4"':(!'/"7.#/!-.F('!4"-:!4!2';'4"'/!'E&/:($!4';'4"-.#.F('=&/8$.-!#'4"'!=/.-!%'/!'/"7.#/!-.F('&'/&#'6!(4!$&#'"?.#$"($"#'N=0'|z999S0

<4:!%4&'H&L!(&')&E!%'N^__hS'!=:($!'J:"O

)"(4%8!6&#'J:"'A!*/!%'4"':(!'=&/8$.-!'-%.6.(&/F7.-!'%"G"%"($"'!'/&#'4"%"-A&#'A:6!(&#'-&(DG%&($!4&#'-&('"/'G"(F6"(&'-%.6.(!/';'!-&6=!\!(4&'!/'#.#$"6!'=:(.$.E&'4"%.E!4&'4"':('4"D%"-A&'="(!/'-!4!'E"L'6"(&#'!.#/!4&'4"'/!#'4"6I#'"#$%!$"7.!#'=&/8$.-!#'J:"'4"*"('&-:%%.%'!':('<#$!4&'=&#6&4"%(&2'-&(#-."($"'4"' /!#'("-"#.4!4"#'4"'#:#'7&*"%(!4&#2'="%&'$!6*.>('!$"($&'4"'/!#' /.6.$!-.&("#'J:"'/"'&*/.7!('}"('"/'&M'-.&'-&$.4.!(&'4"'7&*"%(!%}'!'-&6*.(!%'=&/8$.-!#'#&-.!/"#'-&('=&/8$.-!#'-%.6.(!/"#'N=0'^^pS0

5!*"'%"-&%4!%'!'<(%.-&'r"%%.2'J:"'#"'%"G"%8!'!'/!'=%"E"(-.F('7"("%!/'4.%.7.4!'!'/!'#&-."4!4'=!%!'6"+&%!%'#:#'-&(4.-.&("#'-&/"-$.E!#'4"'E.4!';'4.#6.(:.%'/!'.(-.4"(-.!'4"'G!-$&%"#'-!:#!/"#'4"'/!'4"/.(-:"(-.!0']&%'#:'=!%$"2' .B"' !7:.%"'+,$"30'N^__gS'4.-"('J:"O

,"'-&(#.4"%!('6:-A&'6I#'"M'-!-"#'/!#'6"4.4!#'4"'$.=&'#&-.!/'N-&6&'/!'%"E.$!/.L!-.F('-&6:(.D$!%.!2'/!'7"("%!-.F('4"'"6=/"&#'=!%!'/!'+:E"($:4'4"#"6=/"!4!';'/!'=%&E.#.F('4"'6"4.&#'=!%!'=%!-$.-!%'4"=&%$"#';'-:/$.E!%'"/'$."6=&'/.*%"S2';!'J:"'>#$!#'#"'4.%.7"('!'"/.6.(!%'/!#'-!:#!#'J:"'6&$.E!('"/'4"/.$&'N=0'^hS0


271


Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo

1#82'"/'4"#!%%&//&'A!'4"'!6=/.!%#"'4"'/&'.(4.E.4:!/'!'/&'#&-.!/2';'J:"'A!;!'%"-.=%&-.4!40'</']%&7%!D6!'4"'/!#'P!-.&("#'Q(.4!#'=!%!'"/'R"#!%%&//&'N^__dS'#"\!/!'J:"O

</'4"#!%%&//&'4"':('=!8#'(&'=:"4"'#"%'"($"(4.4&'4"#4"'/!'="%#="-$.E!'K(.-!'4"/'-%"-.6."($&'"-&(F6.-&0'</'=%&=F#.$&'M'(!/'4"/'4"#!%%&//&'#"'"(-:"($%!'"('-!4!':(&'4"'#:#'A!*.$!($"#';'"('/!#'=&#.*./.4!4"#'J:"'"//&#'$."("('=!%!'"/"7.%':(!'E.4!'"('/!'J:"'=:"4!('%"!/.L!%'!'=/"(.$:4'#:'=&$"(-.!/'-&6&'#"%"#'A:6!(&#0

</'4"#!%%&//&'A:6!(&'-&(#.#$"'"('/!'/.*"%$!4'J:"'7&L!('/&#'.(4.E.4:&#'=!%!'"/"7.%'"($%"'4.#D$.($!#'&=-.&("#';'G&%6!#'4"'E.4!0'H&#'G!-$&%"#'G:(4!6"($!/"#'J:"'="%6.$"('!'/!#'="%#&(!#'#"%' /.*%"#'"('"#"'#"($.4&2'#&(' /!'=&#.*./.4!4'4"'!/-!(L!%':(!'E.4!' /!%7!';'#!/:4!*/"2'=&4"%'!4J:.%.%'-&(&-.6."($&#'.(4.E.4:!/';'#&-.!/6"($"'E!/.&#&#2';'$"("%'/!'&=&%$:(.4!4'4"'&*$"("%'/&#'%"-:%#&#'("-"#!%.&#'=!%!'4.#G%:$!%':('(.E"/'4"'E.4!'4"-&%&#&0

]&(."(4&'>(G!#.#'"('"/'4"#!%%&//&'A:6!(&2'.(4.-!O

</'4"#!%%&//&'A:6!(&'4"'/!#'="%#&(!#'"#'E.#$&'-&6&'/!'-&(4.-.F('=!%!'J:"'"#$!#'!6=/8"('#:#'=&D#.*./.4!4"#'4"'"/"7.%'"($%"'4.#$.($&#'$.=&#'4"'E.4!0'H!'/.*"%$!4'4"'/&#'.(4.E.4:&#';2'=&%'/&'$!($&2'#:#'=&#.*./.4!4"#'4"'"/"7.%2'%"J:."%"('4"/'4"#!%%&//&'4"':('-&(+:($&'4"'-!=!-.4!4"#'J:"'="%6.$!('"/'"+"%-.-.&'4"'"#!'/.*"%$!42';'J:"'.(-/:;"('=%.(-.=!/6"($"'/!'#!/:42'/!'"4:-!-.F(';'/!#'&=&%$:(.D4!4"#'4"'.(7%"#&0

</']%&7%!6!'4"'/!#'P!-.&("#'Q(.4!#'=!%!'"/'R"#!%%&//&'N]PQRS'"#'"/'&%7!(.#6&'6."6*%&'4"'/!'V%7!(.L!-.F('4"'/!#'P!-.&("#'Q(.4!#'NVPQS'J:"'4"#4"'jdgf'$%!*!+!'=!%!'%"4:-.%'/!'=&*%"L!'"('"/'6:(4&';'/&#'=%&*/"6!#'!#&-.!4&#'-&('"#$!2'!'$%!E>#'4"'=%I-$.-!#'J:"'!=&;!('"/'4"#!%%&//&'A:6!(&';'"/'=%&7%"#&'"-&(F6.-&';'#&-.!/'4"'/&#'=!8#"#'"('/&#'J:"'$."("'=%"#"(-.!0

)&4&'"#$&'!'=!%$.%'4"'-.(-&'"+"#'$"6I$.-&#2'4"M'(.4&#'-&6&O'jS'R"#!%%&//&'A:6!(&a'^S'e&*"%(!D*./.4!4'4"6&-%I$.-!a'pS' "4.&'!6*."($"';'"("%78!a'`S',"-$&%'=%.E!4&';'4"#!%%&//&2';'fS'<J:.4!4'4"'7>("%&0

]!%!' /&7%!%'"/'4"#!%%&//&';' /!'=%"E"(-.F('#&-.!/'4"/'4"/.$&'#"' %"J:."%"'A!-"%':('$%!*!+&'6"$&D4&/F7.-&';'-."($8M'-&a'!#82'"/']PQR'#"'*!#!'"('"/'-&(&-.6."($&a'=&%'"//&2'-"($%!'#:'$%!*!+&'"('/!'7"("%!-.F(';'=%&6&-.F('4"'.(G&%6!-.F('"#="-8M'-!2'%"#:/$!4&'4"'.(E"#$.7!-.&("#';'!(I/.#.#'4"'/&#'=!8#"#'"('4&(4"'"#$I'=%"#"($"0'<#$!#' .(E"#$.7!-.&("#'#.%E"('=!%!'"#$%:-$:%!%' /!#'=&/8$.-!#'=K*/.-!#2'-&('*!#"'"('/!#'("-"#.4!4"#'4"$"-$!4!#'"('"/'I6*.$&'"#$:4.!4&0

1#.6.#6&2'!'(.E"/' .($"%(!-.&(!/'#"'A!('=/!($"!4&'&*+"$.DE&#'&'E.#.&("#'J:"'=%"$"(4"('!/-!(L!%#"2'!($"'"/'#:%7.D6."($&'4"'(:"E&#'G"(F6"(&#';'6!/"#$!%"#'#&-.!/"#2'-&('"/'M'('4"'7"("%!%':('"#$!4&'4"'*"("M'-.&'=!%!'$&4&#'/&#'-.:4!4!(&#'"('"/'6:(4&a'!'"//&#'#"'/"#'A!'//!6!4&'-&6&'V*+"$.E&#'4"/' ./"(&2'=%&7%!D6!4&#'=!%!'-:6=/.%#"'&'!/-!(L!%#"'"('"/'^_jfO

j0' <%%!4.-!%'/!'=&*%"L!'"?$%"6!';'"/'A!6*%"0

^0' H&7%!%'/!'"(#"\!(L!'=%.6!%.!':(.E"%#!/0

272



p0' ]%&6&E"%'/!'.7:!/4!4'4"'7>("%&';'/!'!:$&(&68!'4"'/!'6:+"%0

`0' i"4:-.%'/!'6&%$!/.4!4'.(G!($./0

f0' "+&%!%'/!'#!/:4'6!$"%(!0

g0' 5&6*!$.%'"/'z9T~,9R12'"/'=!/:4.#6&';'&$%!#'"(G"%6"4!4"#0

h0' e!%!($.L!%'/!'#:#$"($!*./.4!4'4"/'6"4.&'!6*."($"0

w0' r&6"($!%':(!'!#&-.!-.F('6:(4.!/'=!%!'"/'4"#!%%&//&0

]!%!'/!'VPQ2'.(-%"6"($!%'/&#'(.E"/"#'4"'4"#!%%&//&'"-&(F6.-&';'#&-.!/2'=%.(-.=!/'6!(4!$&'4"/']PQR2'"#'"/"6"($&'-/!E"'=!%!'/!'-%"!-.F('4"'/!#'-&(4.-.&("#'4"'=!L';'/!'#"7:%.4!4'.($"%(!-.&(!/0

x"%7!//.'!=:($!'/!'E.(-:/!-.F('4"'/!'-%.6.(&/&78!2'/&#'4"%"-A&#'A:6!(&#';'/!'=&/8$.-!2'4"'!-:"%4&'-&('/&'#.7:."($"O

H!'.(-/:#.F('4"'"/"6"($&#'=&/8$.-&#'J:"'=:"4!('.({':.%'"('/!'-%.6.(&7>("#.#a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

Conclusiones

R"'/&'"?=:"#$&'-&('!($"%.&%.4!4'A!'4"'J:"4!%'/!'*%"-A!'=!%!'4"#!%%&//!%'"/'$"6!'%"G"%"($"'!'/!'=%"E"(-.F('#&-.!/'4"/'4"/.$&'4"#4"'/!'F=$.-!'4"/'-:6=/.6."($&'4"'/!#'7!%!($8!#'G:(4!6"($!/"#2'#.'*."('"/'=%"#"($"'=%"$"(4"'J:"'/!'$"6I$.-!'#"'!*&%4"'4"#4"'E!%.&#'=:($&#2'-&6&'"/'!-!4>6.-&2'!/'4"#!%%&//!%'6I#'$"6!'#&*%"'/!'=%"E"(-.F('4"/'4"/.$&2';'"/'4"'/&#'4"%"-A&#'A:6!(&#2'$!6*.>(2'"('"/'I6*.$&'=&/8$.-&0

R"'!-:"%4&'-&('e&(LI/"L'z.4!:%%.'N-.$!4&'"('</*"%$2'jddgSO

5&('/!'E.#.F('!($"#'4"#-%.=$!'N#.-S2'/!'G:$:%!'$!%"!'4"/'-%.6.(F/&7&'#"%I'!=%&E"-A!%'/&#'"#=!D-.&#'=&/8$.-&#';'#&-.!/"#2'4&(4"'#"'4"*!$!';'4"-.4!'#&*%"'/!#'-:"#$.&("#'J:"'/"'#&('=%&=.!#2'-&('/!'M'(!/.4!4'4"'.6=:/#!%'/&#'=%&;"-$&#'4"'&%4"('J:"'%"#:/$"('6I#'4"6&-%I$.-&#';'J:"'%"DK(!('/!#'-&(4.-.&("#'4"O'$"("%':('%"G"%"($"'4"'%!-.&(!/.4!42'#"%'G!-$.*/"#';'"#$!%'&%."($!4&#'!/'*"("M'-.&'-&6K('N=0'^fdS0

R"#=:>#'4"'E"%'$&4&'/&'!($"%.&%2'#"'4"*"'"($"(4"%'J:"'#.'(&'A!;'4"%"-A&#'A:6!(&#';'7!%!($8!#'.(4.E.4:!/"#2'(&'#"'$."("':('"#$!4&'4"'4"#!%%&//&';'=%&7%"#&a'"/'A!*"%'.(-/:.4&'/!#'&=.(.&("#'4"'4.E"%#&#'"#$:4.&#&#'4"/'$"6!'"$.&/F7.-&D-%.6.(&/F7.-&'A!'#"%E.4&'=!%!'4"+!%'"('-/!%&'J:"'/!'G!/$!'4"'"#$&#'4"%"-A&#'-&($%.*:;"'!'-&(4:-$!#'!($.#&-.!/"#0

H&'!($"%.&%'J:"4!'6"+&%'"($"(4.4&'"('/!'&=.(.F('4"' .7:"/'5!%*&("//'+,$"34$N^__^SO

P&'"?.#$"'(.'=:"4"'"?.#$.%'<#$!4&'4"'R"%"-A&'-:!(4&'#"'!#.#$"'!':('%".$"%!4&';2'"('&-!#.&("#2'4"/.%!($"'%"=:4.&'4"'/&#'4"%"-A&#0'P:(-!'-&6&'"('(:"#$%!'>=&-!'#"'A!'"#$!4&'$!('-&(#-."(D$"'4"'/&#'4"%"-A&#'A:6!(&#2'="%&2'"('/!'6.#6!'=%&=&%-.F(2'(:(-!'#"'A!'#.4&'$!('#&M'#$.-!4!D6"($"'*%:$!/'"('#:'E.&/!-.F('N=0'j^fS0

273


Bibliografía

1%%&;&'t:I%"L2' 0'N^__`S0'R"%"-A&#'T:6!(&#';'5%.6.(&/&78!O':('E8(-:/&'.7(&%!4&0'5%)#)&6"7$

8)%(+-"-$9$:+!!(,)!()7$999'NjjS0

x"%7!//.2'i0'Njdh^S0';!(&(#)3) 6"$+#$<&=!(%"$>",(#"0'x:"(&#'1.%"#O']!(("4.//"0

x"%.#$!.(2'10'�'P":6!(2'<0' N^__`S0';!(&(#)3) 6"$9$-( #(-"-$?2&"#"4$@(A3) )*' N`�'"40S0'x:"(&#'1.%"#O'Q(.E"%#.4!40

5!/E!(.2',0'N^___S0':?+$!)3+$)B$3"C$+#B)!%+&+#,$(#$%)&'",(# $?2&"#$"#-$-!2 $,!"D$$%0(# 0')A!.D/!(4O'Q(.$"4'P!$.&(#'V�''-"'G&%'R%:7'5&($%&/'!(4'5%.6"']%"E"($.&('i"7.&(!/'5"($%"'G&%'<!#$'1#.!'!(4'$A"']!-.M'-0

5!%*&("//2' 02'V%&L-&2'u0'�'zILJ:"L2'i0'N<40S'N^__^S0'5*,"-)$-+$@+!+%?)4$;)#%+1,)7$B2#-"&+#E

,)*$9$-+&)%!",(F"%(.#$+#$<&=!(%"$>",(#"0' >?.-&O'QP1 2'9)1 ';',.7/&'z".($.:(&0

5."(G:"7&#',!/7!4&2'R0'�'5.G:"($"#'z!%7!#2' 0'N<40S'N^__dS0'53$(36%(,)$9$*2$%"*,( )0' >?.-&O'H!7:D(!0'Q(.E"%#.4!4'1:$F(&6!'4"'e:"%%"%&2'Q(.E"%#.4!4'1:$F(&6!'4"',.(!/&!';'r:(4!-.F('1-!4>D6.-!'e:"%%"%"(#"0

eF6"L')!7/"'HF="L2'<0'N^__dS0']%&#$.$:-.F(';'$%IM'-&'4"'6:+"%"#';'(.\&#0'G,+!$;!(&(#(*2'h'N`S0

</*"%$2'50'10'N<40S'NjddgS0'>"$%!(&(#)3) 6"$-+3$*( 3)$HHG$+#$<&=!(%"$>",(#"0'x:"(&#'1.%"#O'i:(*.(L!/'D'5:/L&(.0

H&L!(&')&E!%2'<0'N^__hS0'I"#2"3$-+$1)36,(%"$%!(&(#"3$9$%!(&(#)3. (%"0' >?.-&O']&%%K!0

!7:.%"2' 02' &%7!(2'i0'�'i".("%2'i0'N^__gS0'I"#2"3$-+$;!(&(#)3) 6"'N^�'"40S' >?.-&O'V?G&%40

!%$8("L'x!#$.4!2'<0'N^__hS0'/)36,(%"$%!(&(#)3. (%"0' >?.-&O']&%%K!0

&$&',!/!L!%2'<0'N^__^S0'53+&+#,)*$-+$@+!+%?)'N`h�'"40S0' >?.-&O']&%%K!0

P":6!(2'<0'N^__hS0'>"$"2*+#%("$-+3$5*,"-)0' >?.-&O']&%%K!0

VM'-.(!'4"'/!#'P!-.&("#'Q(.4!#'-&($%!'/!'R%&7!';'"/'R"/.$&'N^__hS0'J+%)1(3"%(.#$-+$!+ 3"*$9$#)!&"*$

-+$3"*$K"%()#+*$L#(-"*$+#$3"$+*B+!"$-+$3"$1!+M+#%(.#$-+3$-+3(,)$9$3"$N2*,(%("$1+#"30'<Q1'"'9$!/.!0

VM'-.(!'4"'/!#'P!-.&("#'Q(.4!#'-&($%!'/!'R%&7!';'"/'R"/.$&'N^__hS0'I"#2"3$1"!"$3"$32%?"$%)#,!"$3"$

,!","$-+$1+!*)#"*0'<Q10

V%"//!(!'u.!%-&2'V0'N^__hS0'I"#2"3$-+$;!(&(#)3) 6"'Njj�'"40S0' >?.-&O']&%%K!0

]>%"L'].(LF(2'30'V0'�']>%"L'5!#$%&2'x0't0'N^__gS0';2!*)$-+$%!(&(#)3) 6"'Nh�'"40S0'5&/&6*.!O'Q(.E"%D#.4!4'<?$"%(!4&'4"'5&/&6*.!0

]%&7%!6!'4"'/!#'P!-.&("#'Q(.4!#'=!%!'"/'R"#!%%&//&'N^__dS0'i"-:="%!4&'4"O'@@@0:(4=0&%706?0

i";"#'5!/4"%F(2't0'10'N^__`S0':!","-)$-+$;!(&(#)3) 6"'N`!'"40S0' >?.-&O'5I%4"(!#'<4.$&%';'R.#$%.D*:.4&%0


274


i";(&#&'R!E./!2'i0'N^__`S0'K)%()#+*$-+$;!(&(#)3) 6"$+$O(*,)!("$-+3$@+!+%?)$/+#"3'Np�'"40S0' >?.-&O'5I%4"(!#'<4.$&%';'R.#$%.*:.4&%0

i"#$%"=&'r&($!/E&2't0'N^__^S0';!(&(#)3) 6"'Np�'"40S0'5&/&6*.!O')"6.#0

)."7A.2'V0'P0'N^__`S0':!","-)$-+$;!(&(#)3) 6"'Np�'"40S0'1%7"($.(!O'Q(.E"%#.4!40

u.(#/&@2'i0'u0'�'vA!(72',0'|0'N^__wS0';!(&(#)3) 90'Q,1O']"!%#&(']%"($.-"'T!//0


Prevención del delito

Documents

Transcript of Prevención del delito