PROF. ELENA CEBALLOS HERNÁNDEZ AÑO ESCOLAR 2013-...

PROF. JULIO CESAR JUAREZ ESTRADA AÑO ESCOLAR 2013- 2014

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GUIA PARA EXAMEN EXTRAORDINARIO PRIMER SEMESTRE. GRUPO 1 A , 1B Y 1C

EVALUACION : EXAMEN 100%

1.- GREETINGS

Saludos y frases cotidianas.

Hello/Hi- Hola

Good-bye- Adiós.

See you later/See you/ See you soon. Hasta luego, nos vemos, nos vemos luego.

Good morning- Buenos días.

Good afternoon- Buenas tardes (desde las doce hasta las siete).

Good evening- Buenas tardes-noches (desde las siete hasta las diez).

Good night- Buenas noches. (desde las diez hasta las doce).

How are you?- ¿Cómo estás?. I am fine- Estoy bien.

What is your name?- ¿Cómo te llamas? My name is Peter- Mi nombre es Peter ( Pedro).

How old are you?- ¿Cuántos años tienes?. I am twenty-seven years old- Yo tengo veintisiete años.

When meeting someone formally for the first time, we shake their hand and say "How do you do?" or

"Pleased to meet you." "How do you do?" is not really a question, it just means "Hello".

When young people meet informally they sometimes say "Give me five!" and slap their hands together (high

five). Generally we do not shake hands with people we don´t know well.

Formal to Informal Greetings and Introductions

First meetings

Formal

Introducing

yourself

How do you do?

My name is Mrs

Hand.

Introducing others

Mrs Hand, may I

introduce my

boss, Mr Smith.

Responding to an

introduction

Pleased to meet

you Mrs Hand.

On Leaving

Goodbye. It's a pleasure to have met you.

LESSON 2.- PERSONAL PRONOUNS


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I, me Yo

You Tú/ Usted

He Él

She Ella

It ello, referido a animal o cosa

We nosotros/as

You Ustedes

They ellos/as

Aquí tienes algunos ejemplos de frases en las que hay un pronombre personal:

I am twenty-nine years old. (Yo tengo veintinueve años). You live in Mexico City (Tú vives en la Ciudad de México . She is with her mother (Ella está con su madre) He makes the bed every morning (Él hace la cama cada día). It runs inside the house (Ello, el perro, el gato corre dentro de la casa). We sing a good song at the disco (Nosotros cantamos una canción buena en la discoteca). They write an e-mail to the teacher (Ellos escriben un correo electrónico al profesor)

Pronombres y su significado en español: I ....yo You ... tu/ usted He ..él She… ella It …Eso We … Nosotros You.. Ustedes They … ellos

PRONOMBRES Y VERBO TO BE

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE


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Singular

I am = Yo soy-estoy

You are = tú eres-estás He is = El es-está She is = Ella es-está It is = Ello es-está

I am not

You are not He is not She is not It is not

Am I?

Are you? Is he? Is she? Is it?


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Plural

We are = Nos. somos-

estamos

You are= Vosotros sois- estais They are = Ellos son- están

We are not

You are not They are not

Are we?

Are you? Are they?

LESSON 3.- IMPERATIVES

La forma imperativa se usa para dar instrucciones, órdenes, sugerencias, advertencias y consejos

En forma afirmativa En forma negativa

Come here - Ven aquí Go there – Ve hacia allá

Open the door - Abre la puerta

Leave me alone - Déjame solo

Turn on the TV – Enciende el televisor

Turn off the radio - Apaga la radio

Be careful - Sé cuidadoso

Let me see that - Dejáme ver eso

Call me up - Llamáme por teléfono

Finish that report - Termina ese informe

Sit down – Sentáte

Stand up - Levantáte

Don't cross the street ! - ¡No cruces la calle!

Don't say that ! - ¡No digas eso!

Don't be so mean ! - ¡No seas tan malo

Don't fight ! - ¡No pelees!

Don't drink so much ! - ¡No tomes tanto¡

Don't invite so many people ! - No invites a tantas personas!

Don't make noise ! - ¡No hagas ruido!

Don't interrupt ! - ¡No interrumpas!

Don't drive so fast ! -¡No conduzcas tan rápido!

Don't be late ! - ¡No llegues tarde!

Don't come so early ! - ¡No vengas tan temprano! Don't buy so many things ! - ¡No compres tantas cosas!


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LESSON 4: Verb TO BE : El verbo 'To be' tiene una importancia especial en inglés. Se corresponde a los verbos "ser" y "estar". Dependiendo del sentido de la frase deduciremos de cual de los dos se trata. Vale la pena aclarar que ua cosa es el nombre del verbo( To Be) y otra la forma de conjugación: AM para primera persona, IS para

terceras personas y ARE para plural.

I am English / Soy ingles. She is a student/ ella es estudiante. They are very handsome boys/ ellos son jóvenes

muy guapos.

I am in England / Estoy en Inglaterra He is in the school. Ël está en la escuela. We are in the hospital/

Nosotros estamos en el hospital.

Tiene algunos usos especiales distintos a sus equivalentes en español.

- Sirve para expresar la edad, en cuyo caso se traduce por 'tener':

Mary is 20 years old / Maria tiene 20 años

I am 21 / Yo tengo 21 años

How old are you? / ¿Cuántos años tienes?

- Para expresar las sensaciones también se emplea el verbo 'to be' y equivale al 'tener' en español

Are you hungry? / ¿Tienes hambre?

He is thirsty / El tiene sed

- También para hablar sobre el tiempo atmosférico. En este caso se traduce por 'hacer'

It's windy / Hace viento

It's very cold / Hace mucho frío

Gramática:

FORMA AFIRMATIVA FORMA NEGATIVA FORMA INTERROGATIVA

I am (I'm) I am not (I'm not) am I?

soy, estoy no soy, no estoy ¿soy yo?, ¿estoy yo?

you are (you're) you are not (you're not) are you?

eres, estás no eres, no estás ¿eres tú?, ¿estás tú?

he is (he's) he is not (he's not) is he?

él es, está él no es, no está ¿es él?, ¿está él?

we are (we're) we are not (we're not) are we?


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I am a student.

He is a teacher.

She is a journalist.

journalist.

It ´s a book.

We ´re mechanics.

You ´re pilots.

They ´re policemen.

somos, estamos no somos, no estamos ¿somos?, ¿estamos?

you are (you're) you are not (you're not) are you?

son, están no son , no están ¿son?, ¿están?

they are (they're) they are not (they're not) are they?

ellos son, están ellos no son, no están ¿son, están ellos?

Full forms of Verb To Be Verb to be Contracted form

I ´m a student.

It is a book.

I AM

HE, SHE, IT IS

YOU , WE, THEY ARE

He ´s a teacher.

a She ´s

We are mechanics.

You

are

pilots. They are policemen.

LESSON 4: VERB TO BE WITH WH QUESTIONS

Los “questions words” son las palabras específicas que se deben colocar al inicio de la frase pregunta en inglés. Cuando se utilizan estos no se responde con las respuestas cortas si o no (Yes, I am por ejemplo) Se responde con una oración completa ( S+V+C).

Ejemplo : What’s your name? I’m David Taylor. (The answer is a sentence)

With no question word:


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Are you Maria? No, I’m not (The answer is a yes/no because there isn’t a question word)

PREGUNTAS MÁS USADAS What is your name? How old are you? Where are you from? What do you do? What is your phone number? Where do you study? Which is your best work?

LESSON 5.- COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES

Investigar sobre países y nacinalidades.

Look at these example sentences:

She comes from France. She is French. Her nationality is French. She is a Frenchwoman. She drives a French car. She speaks French.

Questions and Answers / (Spanish/ English)

De dónde eres? -- Where are you from?

Soy de Argentina. I’m (I come) from Argentina. ¿Cuál es tu nacionalidad? What’s your nationality?

Soy argentino/a. I’m Argentinian. ( We don´t respond My nationality is… ) We say “ I´m + Nationality”

LESSON 6.- OCUPATIONS AND PROFESSIONS

Leer sobre las profesiones y explicar algunas de ellas.

Below we have a list of different Professions and an explanation of what each person does in that profession.

Accountant - a person that works with the money and accounts of a company.

Actor /Actress - a person that acts in a play or a movie

Architect - a person that designs building and houses.

Astronomer - a person who studies the stars and the universe


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Author - They write books or novels.

Baker - They make bread and cakes and normally work in a bakery.

Bricklayer - a person that helps to build houses using bricks.

Bus driver - a person that drives buses.

Special Activity: Invite your parents to come to the school and show to the classmates what they do in their jobs.

LESSON 7.- Articles A, AN, THE

Los articulos a/ an y the son para referirnos a las cosas. En el caso de a se va a utilizar cuando la siguiente palabra empiece en consonante y en el caso de an se va a utilizar cuando empiece en vocal. The será utilizado para palabras que empiecen tanto en consonantes como vocales Ejemplo:

An umbrella The umbrella

A book The book

An eraser The eraser

A dictionary The dictionary

En otras palabras : "the" = en singular y plural se escribe igual, significa "el, la, los, las".

Ex: the car (de car) (el carro). the cars (de cars) (los carros). Pero, su pronunciación cambia de acuerdo a estas reglas:

A) si la escritura o pronunciación del sustantivo empieza con consonante, se pronuncia "de":

Ex: the car (de car) (el carro). the sister (de sister) (la hermana). the union (de jiunion) (la unión). the chair (de che..r) (la silla). the university (de iuniversity) (la universidad).

B) si la escritura o pronunciación del sustantivo empieza con vocal, se pronuncia "di":

Ex: the ocean (di oshean) (el océano). the idea (di aidia) (la idea). the hour (di aur) (la hora). the "m" (di "em") (la "eme").

LESSON 8: THE FAMILY

Investiga cómo se nombran a cada uno de los miembros de la familia y elabora un árbol genealógico de tu

familia extensa. Combina con las profesiones y ocupaciones. Mi padre es carpintero. My father is a carpenter. Mi tía es dentista. My aunt is a dentist.


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Mi madre es ama de casa. My mother is a housewife. Tengo dos hermanos y una hermana. I have two brothers and a sister. Tengo nueve tíos. I have nine aunts and uncles. Mi madrastra vive en el estado de Nueva York. My stepmother lives in New York state. Mis sobrinas viven en Chicago. My nieces live in Chicago. Mi padre está muerto. My father is dead. Mi prima está muerta. My cousin (female) is dead. Mi madre está viva. My mother is alive.

LESSON 9: SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea.

Singular Noun Definition: When a noun means one only, it is said to be singular.

Examples: boy, girl, book, church, box

• Plural Noun Definition: When a noun means more than one, it is said to be plural.

Examples: boys, girls, books, churches

• Rule #1 The plural of nouns is usually formed by adding - s to a singular noun.

lamp lamps / cat cats/ fork forks/ flower flowers/ pen pens/

• Exercise: Write the plural of each of these nouns

chair star farm storm door rock owner paper cup • Rule #2

Nouns ending in s, z, x, sh, and ch form the plural by adding - es.

moss mosses/ buzz buzzes/ box boxes/ dish dishes/ church churches

Rule #3 Nouns ending in - y preceded by a consonant is formed into a plural by changing - y to - ies. Examples: lady, ladies; city, cities; army, armies

Exercise: Write the plural of the following words Fly Baby pony Injury Cherry

Lady

Beauty

story

History

Berry

City

Sky

duty

Study

Theory


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Rule #4 Nouns ending in y preceded by a vowel form their plurals by adding - s. Example: boy, boys; day, days

Exercise: Write the plural of the following words Day toy essay Turkey chimney

Play

joy

valley

Alley

volley

Rule #5 Most nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant is formed into a plural by adding es. Example: hero; heroes; grotto, grottoes

Special Note: Most nouns ending in o preceded by a vowel is formed into a plural by adding - s. Example: folio, folios; cameo; cameos; studio, studios; portfolio, portfolios

Rule #6 Some nouns ending in f or fe are made plural by changing f or fe to - ves. Example: beef, beeves; wife, wives

IRREGULAR PLURALS

man, men foot, feet mouse, mice

woman, women

tooth, teeth

louse, lice

child, children

ox, oxen

goose, geese

The following nouns have no singular:

scissors oats Tongs dregs

Trousers

Pinchers

Bellows

Snuffers

Cattle

Shears

Measles

Mumps

Victuals

Tweezers

Vespers

Some nouns are always singular. Some of these nouns may be used in the plural when different kinds are meant as sugars, coffees, cottons

Gold Silver Wheat Corn


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Molasses Copper Sugar Cotton

LESSON 10.- DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

demonstrate (verb): to show; to indicate; to point to

A demonstrative pronoun represents a thing or things:

near in distance or time (this, these) far in distance or time (that, those)

near

Far

singular

this

That

plural

these

Those

Es importante comenzar señalando que los pronombres pueden estar en singular o plural y que pueden hacer referencia a la distancia.

This (Este/a/o), that (Ese/a/o, aquél, aquello/a),

these (Estos/as), those (Esos/as, aquellos/as)

Ejemplos:

Singular and here (singular y aquí): I like this car. (Me gusta este coche.) Singular and there (singular y allí): I like that car. (Me gusta ese coche.) Plural and here (plural y aquí): I like these cars. (Me gustan estos coches.) Plural and there (plural y allí): I like those cars. (Me gustan aquellos coches.)

Los pronombres demostrativos pueden ir acompañados de un nombre como vemos en los ejemplos anteriores, o pueden ir solos como en los siguientes ejemplos: This is a good book. (Éste es un buen libro.) What is that? (¿Qué es eso?)

OTROS USOS DE LOS DEMOSTRATIVOS 1. Podemos utilizarlos cuando nos presentamos a otra persona al otro lado de la línea telefónica:


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Hello. This is Alicia. (Hola. Soy Alicia.)

2. O cuando no estamos seguros de con quién estamos hablando al otro lado de la línea o a alguien que no vemos porque estamos en un sitio oscuro o en otra habitación:

Peter, is that you? (¿Eres tú, Peter?)

3. "This", también lo podemos utilizar cuando presentamos a personas:

Lucy, this is my friend Jill. (Lucy, ésta es mi amiga Jill.)

4. "That", también lo podemos utilizar para referirnos a algo del pasado:

That pizza was delicious. (Aquella pizza estaba riquísima.)

Nota: Tanto puede ser una pizza que acabamos de comer como una pizza que comimos en las vacaciones del año pasado.

LESSON 11.- PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE

1 ) AT - IN - ON

In general, we use: at for a POINT, in for an ENCLOSED SPACE, on for a SURFACE

At in On

POINT ENCLOSED SPACE SURFACE

at the corner in the garden on the wall

at the bus stop in London on the ceiling

at the door in France on the door

at the top of the page in a box on the cover

at the end of the road in my pocket on the floor

at the entrance in my wallet on the carpet


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at the crossroads in a building on the menu

at the front desk in a car on a page

Preposiciones de lugar: son palabras para describir donde está algo y éstas son algunas de las más usadas.

on - encima de under - debajo de in - en inside - adentro outside - afuera in front of - en frente de behind - atrás next to - al lado between - entre (dos)

among - entre muchos across from- del otro lado (también se dice "opposite") opposite - del otro lado above - arriba below - abajo around - alrededor on the right - a la derecha on the left - a la izquierda

LESSON 12.- EXISTENCIAL IN PRESENT

We use there is and there are to say that something exists.

Positive Sentences

We use there is for singular and there are for plural.

There is one table in the classroom.

There are three chairs in the classroom.

There is a spider in the bath.

There are many people at the bus stop.

Contractions

The contraction of there is is there's.

There's a good song on the radio.

There's only one chocolate left in the box.

You cannot contract there are.

There are nine cats on the roof.

There are only five weeks until Christmas.

http://www.inglesmundial.com/Ingles_Basico_Leccion13/on.mp3

http://www.inglesmundial.com/Ingles_Basico_Leccion13/under.mp3

http://www.inglesmundial.com/Ingles_Basico_Leccion13/in.mp3

http://www.inglesmundial.com/Ingles_Basico_Leccion13/inside.mp3

http://www.inglesmundial.com/Ingles_Basico_Leccion13/outside.mp3

http://www.inglesmundial.com/Ingles_Basico_Leccion13/in_front_of.mp3

http://www.inglesmundial.com/Ingles_Basico_Leccion13/behind.mp3

http://www.inglesmundial.com/Ingles_Basico_Leccion13/next_to.mp3

http://www.inglesmundial.com/Ingles_Basico_Leccion13/between.mp3

http://www.inglesmundial.com/Ingles_Basico_Leccion13/among.mp3

http://www.inglesmundial.com/Ingles_Basico_Leccion13/across_from.mp3

http://www.inglesmundial.com/Ingles_Basico_Leccion13/opposite.mp3

http://www.inglesmundial.com/Ingles_Basico_Leccion13/above.mp3

http://www.inglesmundial.com/Ingles_Basico_Leccion13/below.mp3

http://www.inglesmundial.com/Ingles_Basico_Leccion13/around.mp3

http://www.inglesmundial.com/Ingles_Basico_Leccion13/on_the_right.mp3

http://www.inglesmundial.com/Ingles_Basico_Leccion13/on_the_left.mp3


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Negative Form

The negative is formed by putting not after is or are:

There is not a horse in the field.

There are not eight children in the school.

There is not a tree in the garden.

There are not two elephants in the zoo.

The Negative contractions are:

There's not = There isn't

There are not = There aren't

Questions

To form a question we place is / are in front of there.

Again we use any with plural questions or those which use uncountable nouns.

We also use there is / are in short answers.

Is there a dog in the supermarket? - No, there isn't.

Are there any dogs in the park? - Yes, there are.

Is there a security guard in the shop? - Yes, there is.

Are there any polar bears in Antarctica? - No, there aren't.

Is there any ice-cream in the freezer? - Yes, there is.

EXERCISES: Elabora Enunciados con el Existencial en Presente, en forma Interrogativa, Negativa y

Afirmativa. 1) no milk in the fridge.

2) many rooms in your house?

3) a lot of snow in the mountains.

4) any mistakes in this text?

5) one question left.

6) no snails in my garden.


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7) nobody in.

8) nothing to do?

9) seven days in a week?

10) a lot of tea in the kitchen.

LESSON 13.- CARDINAL AND ORDINAL NUMBRES

Del 1 al 12: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve.

Del 13 al 19: La terminación es -teen que suena como thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen.

20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90: La terminación es -ty y suena como twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety

Para formar decenas: Se añade un guión después de la decenas y el número: twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three… (veintiuno, veintidós, veintitrés….) forty-one, fifty-two, ninety-eight… (cuarenta y uno, cincuenta y dos, noventa y ocho…)

Para formar centenas: a/one hundred, two hundred …. (cien, doscientos…)

Para unir las centenas con las decenas: Se unirán con el and. two hundred and fifty-five… ( doscientos cincuenta y cinco)

Para los millares: a/one thousand, two thousand… (mil, dos mil…)

Form

Spelling of Ordinal Numbers Just add th to the cardinal number:

four - fourth eleven - eleventh


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Exceptions:

one - first two - second three - third five - fifth eight - eighth nine - ninth twelve - twelfth

In compound ordinal numbers, note that only the last figure is written as an ordinal number:

421st = four hundred and twenty-first 5,111th = five thousand, one hundred and eleventh

Ways of expressing the number 0

0 = nil

in football and

other sports, for

scores of 0

(AmE: zero or

nothing)

0 = love

in tennis

0 = zero

in temperatures

to refer to

freezing point

(0° Celsius, 0°

Fahrenheit)

0 = nought

in mathematics

(AmE: zero)

0 = oh

for telephone

numbers

0 = oh (or

zero) for

flight

numbers

Notes:

1. We use zero to express some numerical values such as temperatures, taxes, and interest rates.

2. We can pronounce "0" like the letter "o", when we are reading out numbers figure by figure (e. g.

telephone number, flight number, credit card number, etc.

PROF. ELENA CEBALLOS HERNÁNDEZ AÑO ESCOLAR 2013-...

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