FUTURE

Going To

No hay una sola forma en inglés para “hablar del futuro”. Hay 4 formas distintas de hacerlo.

La mas utilizada es 'going to'.

Lo utilizamos cuando queremos hablar acerca de planes para el futuro.

● I'm going to see him later today.● We're going to have lunch first.● She's going to see what she can do.

Estos planes no sucederán en un futuro cercano

● When I retire I'm going to go back to Barbados to live.● In ten years time, I'm going to be boss of my own successful

company.

Usamos 'going to' cuando queremos hacer una predicción basada en evidencia que poseemos en el momento de hablar.

● Look out! That cup is going to fall off.● Look at those black clouds. It's going to rain soon.● You look very tired. You're going to need to stop soon.

Podemos reemplazar 'going to go' por 'going'.

● I'm going out later.● She's going to the exhibition tomorrow.

ESTRUCTURA

+ To be + going to + Verb + Complement

● I'm going to read a magazine.● She's going to rest on her vacations.● Dave and Jun are going to talk with my mom.

ESTRUCTURA NEGATIVA

+ To be + not + going to + Verb + Comp.

● Ana's not going to sleep tonight.● We're not going to watch the horror movie.● I'm not going to find my treasure.

PREGUNTA CON To Be

Verb To + + going to + verb + C + ?

Be

● Are you going to sell your house ?● Is Pedro going to swim in the pool ?● Are we going to travel to London ?

PREGUNTA CON Q.W.

Q.W. + Verb To + + going to + verb + C + ?

Be

● What are you going to wear ?● Where are they going to play ?● Why is she going to run away ?

Will

● Algunas personas piensan que 'will' es el futuro en Inglés. Esto no es correcto.

● Algunas veces cuando hablamos acerca del futuro no siempre se usa 'will', usamos el auxiliar 'will' no precisamente para hablar del futuro.

● Usamos 'will' para hablar acerca de eventos futuros que creemos serán ciertos.

● The sun will rise over there tomorrow morning.● Next year, I'll be 50.● That plane will be late. It always is.● There won't be any snow. I'm certain. It's too

warm.

● Es frecuente añadir las palabras: 'perhaps', 'maybe', 'probably', 'possibly' para hablar de cosas de las cuales no estamos 100% seguros.

● I'll probably come back later.● Maybe it will be OK.● Perhaps we'll meet again some day.

Usamos de manera frecuente 'will' con 'I think' o 'I hope'.

● I think I'll go to bed now.● I think she'll do well in the job.● I hope you'll enjoy your stay.● I hope you won't make too much noise.

● Usamos 'will' al momento de tomar una desición o formular un plan. El pensamiento debe ser expresado justo como se forma en nuestra mente.

● Bye. I'll phone you when I get there.● I'll answer that.● I'll go.● I won't tell him. I promise.

ESTRUCTURA

+ will + verb + Complement

● I'll pay later.● He will win the match.● It will listen to the sound.● They'll run tomorrow morning.

NOTA: Will siempre debe ir acompañado por un verbo para formar el tiempo futuro.

ESTRUCTURA NEGATIVA

+ will + not + verb + Complement

● I won't tell him. I promise.● She won't play tennis.● I hope Dave and Luis won't sing

at the party.

¿CUANDO USAR “GOING TO” Y CUANDO

“WILL”?

Cuando hablamos de eventos futuros o cosas que creemos que serán ciertas usamos 'will'.

● The President will serve for four years.● The boss won't be very happy.● I'm sure you'll like her.● I'm certain he'll do a good job.

Si no estamos seguros acerca del futuro, usamos al auxiliar “will” con expresiones como: 'probably', 'possibly', 'I think', 'I hope'.

● I hope you'll visit me in my home one day.● She'll probably be a great success.● I'll possibly come but I may not get back in time.● I think we'll get on well.

Si estas itentando predecir un evento basado en una evidencia presente o en una situación actual usamos 'going to'.

● Not a cloud in the sky. It's going to be another warm day.

● The traffic is terrible. We're going to miss our flight.

● Be careful! You're going to spill your coffee.

Al momento de tomar una desición usamos 'will'. Una vez tomada la desición hablas de ella usando 'going to'.

● I'll call Jenny to let her know. Sarah, I need Jenny's number. I'm going to call her about the meeting.

● I'll come and have a drink with you but I must let Harry know. Harry, I'm going to have a drink with Simon.

MODALS FOR NECESSITY AND

SUGGESTION

DESCRIBING NECESSITY

● You have to get a passport.

● You must get a visa for some countries.

● You need to take money.

● For some countries, you don't have to get any vaccinations.

Must / Have to(Deber / Tener que)

Must es un verbo modal al que sigue un infinitivo sin TO, y las oraciones interrogativas y negativas se construyen sin el auxiliar do:

● Must you go? ● Must I do the homework?

Must

Se usa para dar órdenes o para hacer que alguien o uno mismo siga un determinado comportamiento:

● The children must be back by four.● I must stop smoking.● Alicia must go to the doctor.● Your father must tell him the true.

Must not / Mustn't

En negativo, must not o mustn't expresan una prohibición:

● You mustn't open other people's post.● Pedro must not take the car.● We mustn't go to bed late.

Have to

Cuando las órdenes son impuestas por un agente externo, como una ley, una regla, etc., usamos “have to”:

● The doctor says I have to stop smoking.● He will have to come tomorrow.

(Tendrá que venir mañana)

Don't have to

Expresa que algo no es necesario, es decir, que hay una ausencia de obligación:

● You don't have to go if you don't want to.● Luis doesn't have to sing this night.● They don't have to work today.

Need

● Need es a la vez un verbo común y un verbo modal. Cuando need se utiliza como un verbo regular se conjuga del modo habitual:

● Do you need help?

Yes, please / No, I don't. Thanks

Cuando se usa como verbo modal, las oraciones interrogativas y negativas se construyen sin el auxiliar “do” y en lugar de "necesitar" suele traducirse como "es necesario que" o "tener la necesidad de".

● Need I go there again?● Need we buy the ticket in advance?● Needn't you bring your own towels?

Diferencias

a. COMO VERBO COMUN:● You don't need to go to school on weekends.

No tienes que ir al colegio los fines de semana (porque está cerrado).

b. COMO VERBO MODAL● You needn't go to school today.

No tienes que ir al colegio hoy (porque estás enfermo).

La diferencia radica en...

● El primer caso need expresa algo general o habitual (una norma externa impuesta: "no se dictan clases los fines de semana")

● En el segundo caso expresa algo concreto (se concede un permiso: "no vas a clases por enfermedad").

GIVING SUGGESTIONS

● You'd better talk to your father.

● You ought to go with someone.

● You should take warm clothes.

● You shouldn't go by yourself.

Had Better o 'd Better

● Es un verbo modal al que sigue un infinitivo sin “TO”, el significado es muy similar a should.

I'd better do something = I should do something

● Expresa la idea de que “es aconsejable para mí hacer algo; si no lo hago, algo malo podría suceder”.

Ejemplo

● I have to meet Tom in ten minutes. I'd better go now or I'll be late

(Tengo que encontrarme con Tom en diez minutos. Sería mejor que me vaya ahora o llegaré tarde).

Should

● Auxiliar que es usado para dar sugerencias o consejos; expresando un sentido de probabilidad :

● You should do it.● Alicia should take a shower.● They should be there by now.

Ought to● Va seguido de un infinitivo con TO. Para

sugerencias o consejos es común utilizar cualquiera de los dos.

They ought to go visit their mom.

NOTA: En USA es poco común usar “ought to” , en cambio, en UK se utiliza con más frecuencia y es más fuerte que should porque implica un "deber moral" y no suelen usarlo para expresar probabilidad.