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Module 4:

Storage and DispensingLocations

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Objective Upon completion of this module, participants will

be able to discuss common locations for storage& dispensing of ethanol-blended fuels. It willprovide a basic understanding of thesestorage/dispensing sites.

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Introduction Recognition of storage

locations in the community: Production facilities Bulk tank farms Rail transload Farm cooperatives Construction sites

Retail fueling stations

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Storage of EBFs

Production Facility Ethanol storage at

production facility: Ethanol tanks (1 & 2) Denaturant tank (3)

Tanks are identified bymarkings

1 2

3

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Copyright 2009, IAFC

Storage of EBFs

Production Facility

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Typically stored in conventional carbon steelstorage tanks

May be smaller than other tanks at terminal 3 general types of storage tanks:

Cone roof (closed-top) tanks External floating roof (EFR) tanks have open top

with a floating pan Internal floating roof (IFR) tanks with closed top &

internal floating pan

Storage of EBFs

Bulk Storage Terminals

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Internal floating roof(IFR) tanks:

Closed roof Internal floating pan Eyebrow venting Proper markings Fire protection

Storage of EBFs

Bulk Storage Terminals

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Built-in fire protection systems: Fixed systems:

Combination of devices permanently installed Provide fire protection Can be activated manually and/or by detection device Fire protection systems should meet current industry

standards & codes

Storage of EBFs

Bulk Storage Terminals

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Fixed foamsystem

Copyright 2009, IAFC

Built-in fireprotection systems

Storage of EBFs

Bulk Storage Terminals

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Fire Protection Systems

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Pre-planning for potential incidents at tank farmfacilities is extremely important

Fire departments that help provide protection totank farm facilities should have:

Access to high-flow fire fighting foam equipment Large supplies of compatible AR-AFFF foam

available on hand

Storage of EBFs

Bulk Storage Terminals

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Challenges: Provide limited access for fire fighting equipment Ensure adequate water supplies in area Contend with containment dikes & their systems Include miles of exposed product piping Include loading rack facilities

Storage of EBFs

Bulk Storage Terminals

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Spill containment dikes usually designed tocontain largest tank in facility

Storage of EBFs

Bulk Storage Terminals

Copyright 2009, IAFC

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Pre-fire planning extremely important Pre-established working relations between fire

department & facility operators

Property of Wikimedia Commons,reprinted with permission

Property of Wikimedia Commonsreprinted with permission

Storage of EBFs

Bulk Storage Terminals

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Small bulk plant & distribution facilities Smaller bulk distribution storage facilities may

pose greatest challenge to local fire departments Possibilities include:

No fire protection Unstaffed

Limited site resources Flammable liquid fuels stored at facilities in

modest quantities

Storage of EBFs

Bulk Storage Terminals

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Vertical storage tanks Also known as

dome

roof

tanks Bolted vs. welded

construction Differences in fire

behavior if notconstructed to API 650 specifications

Storage of EBFs

Bulk Storage Facilities

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Small storage tanks Horizontal Vertical

Storage of EBFs

Bulk Storage Facilities

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Storage of EBFs

Bulk Storage Facilities

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Transloading Sites

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Majority have undergroundstorage tanks

Relatively small in storagevolume, large in numberthroughout the U.S.

May/may not have vapor recovery

systems associated with sites Larger volume retail fueling

stations may have above-groundstorage tanks

Storage of EBFs

Retail Dispensing Stations

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EBF normally stored in: Underground tanks

Small volume above-ground steeltanks Vertical/horizontal design Filled by highway cargo tankers E10 distributed to ~160,000

fueling sites E85 distributed to thousands of

fueling sites

Storage of EBFs

Retail Dispensing Stations

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Stored in horizontalunderground tanks

Location of: Emergency shut-off

valves Loading & unloading

points vary Risers for multiple tanks

color-coded/marked toidentify product

Property of Hildebrand and Noll, reprinted with permission

Storage of EBFs

Retail Dispensing Stations

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Activity 4.1:

Ethanol in Your Jurisdiction Purpose:

To allow participants to determine the potential for

ethanol emergency in their jurisdictions.