Trabajo Condensadores

7/24/2019 Trabajo Condensadores

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Universidad de Pamplona

Pamplona - Norte de Santander - Colombia

Tels: (7) 5685303 - 5685304 - 5685305 - Fa: 568!750 - """#$nipamplona#ed$#%o

&na &ni'ersidad in%l$ente %omprometida %on eldesarrollo interal

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TRABAJO DE CIRCUITOS ELECTRICOS IICONDENSADORES

REALIZADO POR:JEISSON HARVEY MARTINEZ FLOREZ

Cd. 1094.277.423MICHAEL STEVEN MOLINA DAZA

Cd. 97100619206MARIO ANDRES RODRIGUEZ PINEDA

Cd. 1090.504412

RUPO: CR

Trabajo dirigido a:

P!"#. EDUARDO PABON $ANEAS

UNI$ERSIDAD DE PA%PLONAPRORA%A DE INENIER&A %EC'TR(NICA

$)**+ d,* R"-+!)"N"!/, d, S+/+d,!S,d" S,,-/!, 2015


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INTRODUCCION

A!"a#$%&!% %# $od%#o '"% (r%di% )%&*$%&o+ ),+io+ d% ar-!%r %#.!rio/(or #o g%&%ra#/ !ra!a d% r%#aio&ar o&%(!o+ o$o arga %#.!ria/ (o!%&ia#%#.!rio/ a$(o %#.!rio/ d%&+idad d% arga/ i&!%&+idad %#.!ria/ 0 $"1a+o!ra+ $-+2 %+!o+ o&%(!o+ +o& )"&da$%&!a#%+ (ara %3(#iar #a+ r%#aio&%+ %i&!%raio&%+ %#.!ria+ %& #o+ $4#!i(#%+ di+%5o+ 0 a(ara!o+ %#%!r*&io+6 U&di+(o+i!i7o '"% (r%i+a$%&!% i&or(ora %+!o+ o&%(!o+/ r%#aio&-&do#o+ "&o+o& o!ro+ 0 %+!ab#%i%&do "& +ig&i)iado o&r%!o/ %+ %# '"% d%&!ro d% #o+o$(o&%&!%+ (a+i7o+/ '"i8-+ +%a %# $-+ o$(#%jo d% !odo+/ %# o&d%&+ador6

E# o&d%&+ador %+ a(a8 d% a#$a%&ar arga %#.!ria %& +"+ ar$ad"ra+ 0/(or o&+ig"i%&!%/ %&%rg,a %#.!ria6 A"&'"% #a a&!idad d% %&%rg,aa#$a%&ada %+ (%'"%5a/ d%bido a #a+ d%+arga+ (rod"ida+ "a&do +%(r%!%&d% a"$"#ar %& +"+ ar$ad"ra+ "&a %#%7ada a&!idad d% arga/ #aa+oiai*& d% $"1o+ d% %##o+ (%r$i!% di+(o&%r d% %&%rg,a +")ii%&!% o$o(ara +%r "!i#i8ada (or !%&o#og,a+ d% #o $-+ 7ariada+ '"% 7a& d%+d% %# #-+%r1a+!a %# %+!"dio d% #a )"+i*& &"#%ar6

Lo+ o&d%&+ador%+ !i%&%& $4#!i(#%+ a(#iaio&%+ o$o (or %j%$(#o: E#$%a&i+$o d% i#"$i&ai*& 9)#a+1 d% #a+ -$ara+ )o!ogr-)ia+/ do&d% %#o&d%&+ador a#$a%&a #a %&%rg,a &%%+aria (ara (ro(orio&a# %# d%+!%##o+4bi!o d% #"86 Ta$bi.& +% "!i#i8a& (ara +"a7i8ar #a+ (%'"%5a+ o&da+ '"%+"rg%& "a&do #a orri%&!% a#!%r&a +% o&7i%r!% %& o&!i&"a %& "&a )"%&!% d%(o!%&ia6 A#g"&a+ o!ra+ o$o: ir"i!o+ o+i#ador%+/ !%$(ori8ador%+/+i&!o&i8ador%+ d% %$i+ora+/ %&%&dido+ %#%!r*&io+6

E# o&d%&+ador +% o$(or!a o$o "& ir"i!o abi%r!o "a&do +% #% a(#iaorri%&!% o&!i&"a/ 0 +i %+ a#!%r&a a!4a o$o ir"i!o %rrado/ '"% (%r$i!% %#(a+o d% #a orri%&!% %& "& +o#o +%&!ido/ %+!a (ro(i%dad +% %$(#%a (ara %#)i#!rado d% #a orri%&!% a#!%r&a6

Por %+!a+ ra8o&%+ 0 d%bido a #a gra& "!i#idad '"% (r%+!a& %+!o+ o$(o&%&!%+%#%!r*&io+/ %+ i$(or!a&!% o&o%r +" o&%(!o/ a#go d% +" 1i+!oria/ #o+)"&da$%&!o+ !%*rio+ %& '"% +% ba+a/ +"+ ara!%r,+!ia+/ +i$bo#og,a/odi)iai*&/ )"&io&a$i%&!o %& arga 0 d%+arga/ 0 #o+ !i(o+ d%o&d%&+ador%+ '"% %3i+!%& %& %# $%rado6


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OBJETI$OS

ENERAL:

Co&o%r/ A&a#i8ar 0 %3(#iar %# F"&io&a$i%&!o d% "& Co&d%&+ador E#.!rio6

ESPECIICOS:

Co&o%r #a %+!r"!"ra d% "& o&d%&+ador a+, o$o #o+ di7%r+o+ !i(o+%3i+!%&!%+6

R%o&o%r #a+ ara!%r,+!ia+/ +i$bo#og,a 0 odi)iai*& '"% !i%&%& #o+o&d%&+ador%+6

E+!"diar #o+ !i(o+ d% a+oiaio&%+ d% #o+ o&d%&+ador%+: +%ri% 0(ara#%#o6

A&a#i8ar C"-# %+ #a r%#ai*& d% arga 0 d%+arga d% "& a(ai!or6

D%d"ir #a r%#ai*& %3i+!%&!% %&!r% #a arga d%# o&d%&+ador 0 #ad%+arga d%# o&d%&+ador o& r%+(%!o a# !i%$(o/ %# o$(or!a$i%&!o'"% %3(%ri$%&!a %# o&d%&+ador o& r%+(%!o a #a arga 0 d%+arga d%

7o#!aj% d"ra&!% %# !i%$(o6


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EL PRI%ER CONDENSADOR DE LA ISTORIA

C"a&do #a %#%!riidad !oda7,a +% 7%,a o$o "&%&!r%!%&i$i%&!o 0 &o o$o "&a i%&ia/ a#r%d%dor d%; &ai* #a bo!%##a d% L%0d%&6 E# &o$br% #% 7i%&%dado (or %# #"gar %& %# '"% )"% d%+"bi%r!o/ #a i"dad1o#a&d%+a d% L%0d%&6 Podr,a !ra!ar+% d%# (ri$%ro&d%&+ador d% #a 1i+!oria6

U&o+ i%&!,)io+ d%+"bri%ro& '"% do+ o&d"!or%++%(arado+ (or "& $a!%ria# ai+#a&!% (odr,a& a#$a%&ar"&a arga %#.!ria6 U&o d% a'"%##o+ %3(%ri$%&!ador%+ !"7o #a id%a d%a#$a%&ar "&a gra& a&!idad d% arga %& "&a bo!%##a d% ag"a6 Para %##o+o+!%&,a #a bo!%##a %& "&a $a&o $i%&!ra+ #a arga (ro%d%&!% d% "&g%&%rador %#%!ro+!-!io %ra o&d"ida 1a+!a %# ag"a (or $%dio d% "&aad%&a6 C"a&do !ra!* d% +aar #a ad%&a d% ag"a o& #a o!ra $a&o +")ri* "&a+a"dida %#.!ria '"% #% d%j* i&o&+i%&!%6 D%+(".+ d% $"1o+%3(%ri$%&!o+ +% d%+"bri* '"% #a $a&o '"% +o+!%&,a #a bo!%##a (od,ar%%$(#a8ar+% (or 1oja+ $%!-#ia+ '"% r%"br,a& #a+ +"(%r)ii%+ i&!%rior 0%3!%rior d% #a bo!%##a6

E# gra& i&7%&!or ?%&ja$i& Fra&@#i& 9;B; dirigi* +"a!%&i*& 1aia %+!% i&g%&io 0 #o ##%g* a "+ar o$o%&!r%!%&i$i%&!o: o#oaba a +"+ a$igo+ %& "& ,r"#o agarrado+d% #a+ $a&o+ 0 +%&!,a& *$o (a+aba #a %#%!riidad (or +"+"%r(o+6 A(ar!% d% %+!% da!o "rio+o/ Fra&@#i& d%+"bri* '"%(ara a#$a%&ar #a arga %#.!ria &o !%&,a '"% !%&%r&%%+aria$%&!% )or$a d% bo!%##a/ 0 (rob* o& "&o+ 7idrio+ %&(ara#%#o '"% (a+aro& a ##a$ar+% #o+ 7idrio+ d% Fra&@#i&6 Ad%$-+ob+%r7* '"% "a&do #a bo!%##a d% L%0d%& +% d%+argaba/ %$i!,a

"&a 1i+(a 0 "& (%'"%5o 1a+'"ido6 I&!%r(r%!* '"% #a 1i+(a 0 %# 1a+'"ido%ra& %# (ara#%#o %&!r% %# ra0o 0 %# !r"%&o/ 0 (ara o$(robar#o r%a#i8* +" )a$o+o%3(%ri$%&!o d% #a o$%!a: +a#i* "& d,a d% !or$%&!a o& "&a o$%!a '"% !%&,a"&a ("&!a $%!-#ia "&ida a "& #argo 1i#o d% +%da6 A# )i&a# d% %+!% 1i#o 1ab,a"&a ##a7% a!ada/ 0 "a&do %# ra0o a#a&8* a #a o$%!a/ #a ##a7% '"%d* argada6Fra&@#i& a# d%+argar#a 7io '"% !a$bi.& %1* "&a+ 1i+(a+ % 1i8o "&o++o&ido+/ o& #o '"% '"%daba d%$o+!rado '"% #a %&%rg,a d% #a bo!%##a d%

L%0d%& 0 #a '"% (ro7%&,a d%# i%#o %ra #a $i+$a6


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UNDA%ENTOS TE(RICOS

C",/" E)*"8d)":U& o&d%&+ador %#.!rio %+ "& di+(o+i!i7o (a+i7o/ "!i#i8ado %& %#%!riidad 0%#%!r*&ia/ a(a8 d% a#$a%&ar %&%rg,a +"+!%&!a&do "& a$(o %#.!rio6; E+!- )or$ado (or "& (ar d% +"(%r)ii%+ o&d"!ora+/ g%&%ra#$%&!% %& )or$ad% #-$i&a+ o (#aa+/ %& +i!"ai*& d% i&)#"%&ia !o!a# 9%+!o %+/ '"% !oda+ #a+#,&%a+ d% a$(o %#.!rio '"% (ar!%& d% "&a 7a& a (arar a #a o!ra +%(arada+(or "& $a!%ria# di%#.!rio o (or %# 7a,o6 La+ (#aa+/ +o$%!ida+ a "&adi)%r%&ia d% (o!%&ia#/ ad'"i%r%& "&a d%!%r$i&ada arga %#.!ria/ (o+i!i7a %&"&a d% %##a+ 0 &%ga!i7a %& #a o!ra/ +i%&do &"#a #a 7ariai*& d% arga !o!a#6

C"d,-+d"! B-)" S;


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P"*+!)d+d:Lo+ o&d%&+ador%+ %#%!ro#,!io+ 0 %& g%&%ra# #o+ d% a(aidad

+"(%rior a ; F !i%&%& (o#aridad/ %+o %+/ '"% +% #%+ d%b% a(#iar #a !%&+i*&(r%+!a&do a!%&i*& a +"+ !%r$i&a#%+ (o+i!i7o 0 &%ga!i7o6 A# o&!rario '"% #o+i&)%rior%+ a ;F/ a #o+ '"% +% ("%d% a(#iar !%&+i*& %& "a#'"i%r +%&!ido/ #o+'"% !i%&%& (o#aridad ("%d%& %3(#o!ar %& a+o d% +%r .+!a #a i&orr%!a6

C++)d+d ,*8/!)+ /,-) d, /!+B; C"#o$bio+9N 3 $

(ara %# 7a,o6 A%+ %# -r%a d% #a+ (#aa+ %& $ d%+ #a di+!a&ia '"% #a+ +%(ara %& $%!ro+6

Para "& o&d%&+ador dado/ +i +obr%(a+a$o+ #a !%&+i*& d% !rabajo 9or@i&gVo#!ag%/ V (ara %# '"% 1a +ido di+%5ado/ +% ("%d% d%+!r"ir %# $i+$o a#(rod"ir+% "& aro %#.!rio 91i+(a 0 (%r)orar %# di%#.!rio6 Por %+!% $o!i7o/!odo+ #o+ o&d%&+ador%+ !i%&%& a+ig&ada "&a !%&+i*& d% !rabajo6 D%b%$o+

)ijar&o+ +i +% r%)i%r% a !%&+i*& a#!%r&a o a !%&+i*& o&!i&4a/ 0 !%&%r +i%$(r%(r%+%&!% %+!% da!o "a&do !rabaj%$o+ o& !%&+io&%+ %)ia%+/ ("%+!%&dr%$o+ '"% o&7%r!ir a !%&+io&%+ d% (io6La a(aidad d% "& di%#.!rio d% +o(or!ar "&a !%&+i*& dada +i& (%r)orar+%/ +%##a$a rigid%8 di%#.!ria6

La ++)d+dd%(%&d% d% #a+ ara!%r,+!ia+ ),+ia+ d%# o&d%&+ador:

Si %# -r%a d% #a+ (#aa+ '"% %+!-& )r%&!% a )r%&!% %+ gra&d% #aa(aidad a"$%&!a6

Si #a +%(arai*& %&!r% (#aa+ a"$%&!a/ di+$i&"0% #a a(aidad6 E# !i(o d% $a!%ria# di%#.!rio '"% +% a(#ia %&!r% #a+ (#aa+ !a$bi.&

a)%!a #a a(aidad6 Si +% a"$%&!a #a !%&+i*& a(#iada/ +% a"$%&!a #a arga a#$a%&ada6

E,!;+ +*+,+d+ , "d,-+d"!:La %&%rg,a a#$a%&ada %& "& o&d%&+ador +%r- ig"a# a #a +"$a d% !odo+ #o+!rabajo+/ d%+d% %# $o$%&!o %& '"% #a arga %+ ig"a# a %ro/ 1a+!a ##%gar a "&7a#or dado d% #a $i+$a/ a# '"% ##a$ar%$o+ K


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w = v x dq = (1/c) x (q x dq) = (Q2 x C)

Si (o&%$o+ #a arga %& )"&i*& d% #a T%&+i*& 0 Ca(aidad: K VC/ #a%3(r%+i*& d% #a %&%rg,a a#$a%&ada %& "& o&d%&+ador +%r-:

W= x C x V2M%dida %& "&idad d% !rabajo6La %&%rg,a a"$"#ada %& "& o&d%&+ador +%r- ig"a# a# !rabajo r%a#i8ado (ara!ra&+(or!ar #a+ arga+ d% "&a (#aa a #a o!ra/ 7%&i%&do #a di)%r%&ia d%(o!%&ia# %3i+!%&!% %&!r% %##a+6

W = V x q = (q /C) x q

T,-) , *"- "d,-+d"!,-E3i+!%& 7aria+ !%&+io&%+ '"% ara!%ri8a& a "& o&d%&+ador/ (%ro ao&!i&"ai*& +*#o +% d%!a##a& #a+ $-+ +ig&i)ia!i7a+6

T,-) d, !,


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Nor$a#$%&!% "& di%#.!rio +% 7"%#7% o&d"!or "a&do +% +obr%(a+a %#

a$(o d% r"(!"ra d%# di%#.!rio6 E+!a !%&+i*& $-3i$a +% d%&o$i&a rigidezdielctrica.E+ d%ir/ +i a"$%&!a$o+ $"1o %# a$(o %#.!rio '"% (a+a (or %#di%#.!rio o&7%r!ir%$o+ di1o $a!%ria# %& "& o&d"!or6

T%&%$o+ '"% #a a(ai!a&ia o& "& di%#.!rio ##%&a&do !odo %# i&!%rior d%#o&d%&+ador 9(#a&oB(ara#%#o %+!- dado (or:

9Do&d% %+ #a (%r$i!i7idad %#.!ria d%# 7a,o6

Lo+ $a!%ria#%+ '"% +% "!i#i8a& o$o di%#.!rio+ !i%&%& di)%r%&!%+ grado+ d%(%r$i!i7idad 9di)%r%&!% a(aidad (ara %# %+!ab#%i$i%&!o d% "& a$(o%#.!rio:

CONDENSADORES EN SERIE EN PARALELO

A. C"d,-+d"!,- , +!+*,*": La )ig"ra $"%+!ra !r%+ o&d%&+ador%+ %&(ara#%#o 0 +% !ra!a d% 1a##ar #a a(ai!a&ia %'"i7a#%&!% d% %+% +i+!%$a6 Para%+a o&)ig"rai*& #a di)%r%&ia d% (o!%&ia# %&!r% #o+ ("&!o+ a 0 b %+ #a $i+$a6


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La a(ai!a&ia %'"i7a#%&!% d% "& o&j"&!o d% o&d%&+ador%+ o&%!ado+%&!r% +, %+ #a a(aidad d% "& 4&io o&d%&+ador '"% "a&do +"+!i!"0% a#o&j"&!o (rod"% %# $i+$o %)%!o %3!%rior6

A(#ia&do #a r%#ai*& 'CV a ada o&d%&+ador +% ob!i%&%:

La arga !o!a# %& #a o$bi&ai*& %+:

La a(ai!a&ia %'"i7a#%&!% C %+:

E+!% r%+"#!ado ("%d% g%&%ra#i8ar+% )-i#$%&!% a "& &4$%ro "a#'"i%ra d%o&d%&+ador%+ o&%!ado+ %& (ara#%#o a+,:

B. C"d,-+d"!,- , -,!),: La )ig"ra $"%+!ra !r%+ o&d%&+ador%+o&%!ado+ %& +%ri%6 Para o&d%&+ador%+ o$o +% $"%+!ra/ #a $ag&i!"d d% #aarga ' %& ada (#aa d%b% +%r #a $i+$a6 A+, d%b% +%r (or'"% #a arga &%!a%& #a (ar!% d%# ir"i!o %&%rrada (or #a #,&%a i&!%rr"$(ida %& #a )ig"ra a d%b%+%r %ro2 %+!o %+/ #a arga %3i+!%&!% %& %+!a+ (#aa+ i&iia#$%&!% %+ %ro/ 0 %#o&%!ar "&a ba!%r,a %&!r% a 0 b +*#o da #"gar a "&a +%(arai*& d% arga+/ #aarga %& %+!a+ (#aa+ +ig"% +i%&do %ro6

La di)%r%&ia d% (o!%&ia# %&!r% #o+ %3!r%$o+ d% "& i%r!o &4$%ro d%o&d%&+ador%+ o&%!ado+ %& +%ri% %+ #a +"$a d% #a+ di)%r%&ia+ d% (o!%&ia#%&!r% #o+ %3!r%$o+ d% ada o&d%&+ador i&di7id"a#6

A(#ia&do #a %"ai*& a ada o&d%&+ador +% ob!i%&%:


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La a(ai!a&ia %'"i7a#%&!% %+:

La a(ai!a&ia %'"i7a#%&!% %& +%ri% %+ +i%$(r% $%&or '"% #a $-+ (%'"%5ad% #a+ a(ai!a&ia+ d% #a o&%3i*&6

E+!% r%+"#!ado ("%d% g%&%ra#i8ar+% )-i#$%&!% a "& &4$%ro "a#'"i%ra d%o&d%&+ador%+ o&%!ado+ %& +%ri% a+,:

CODIICACI(N DE LOS CONDENSADORES

P"! B+d+- d, C"*"!: Va#or %3(r%+ado %& )"#+!+d)"- >@.

TIPOS DE

CONDENSADORES


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1@ C"d,-+d"!,- +!)+7 0 /76S% %$(#%a& %& %#%!r*&ia d% (o!%&ia 0 %&%rg,a (ara ao(#a$i%&!o/(ro!%i*& d% i$("#+o+ 0 a(#a&a$i%&!o d% o&d"#aio&%+ %& )r%"%&ia+ &o+"(%rior%+ a =>H86

4@D, *-/)":


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S"+ ara!%r,+!ia+ $-+ i$(or!a&!%+ +o&: gra& r%+i+!%&ia d% ai+#a$i%&!o 9#o

"a# (%r$i!% o&+%r7ar #a arga/ 7o#"$%& r%d"ido 0 %3%#%&!%o$(or!a$i%&!o a #a 1"$%dad 0 a #a+ 7ariaio&%+ d% !%$(%ra!"ra/ ad%$-+/!i%&%& #a (ro(i%dad d% a"!or r%g%&%rai*& %& a+o d% (%r)orai*& %& $%&o+d% ;>+6 Lo+ $a!%ria#%+ $-+ "!i#i8ado+ +o&: (o#i %+!ir%&o/ (o#i.+!%r/ (o#iarbo&a!o 0 (o#i!%!ra)#"or%!i#%&o6 S% )abria& %& )or$a d% bobi&a+ o$"#!ia(a+6 Ta$bi.& +% o&o%& o$o M6 S% )abria& d% ;&F a ;>>$F 0!%&+io&%+ d% =BB;>B>B>7/ >6=B76 S% r%o&o%& (or +" a+(%!orojo/ a$ari##o 0 a8"#6

5@ E*,/!"*;/)":

P%r$i!%& ob!%&%r a(aidad%+ %#%7ada+ %& %+(aio+ r%d"ido+6 A!"a#$%&!%%3i+!%& do+ !i(o+: #o+ d% a#"$i&io/ 0 #o+ d% !-&!a#o6 E# )"&da$%&!o %+ %# $i+$o:+% !ra!a d% d%(o+i!ar $%dia&!% %#%!ro#i+i+ "&a )i&a a(a ai+#a&!%6 Lo+o&d%&+ador%+ %#%!ro#,!io+ d%b%& o&%!ar+% r%+(%!a&do +" (o#aridad/ '"%7i%&% i&diada %& +"+ !%r$i&a#%+/ ("%+ d% #o o&!rario +% d%+!r"ir,a6

6@ C,!)":

Lo+ $a!%ria#%+ %r-$io+ +o& b"%&o+ ai+#a&!%+ !.r$io+ 0 %#.!rio+6 E#(ro%+o d% )abriai*& o&+i+!% b-+ia$%&!% %& #a $%!a#i8ai*& d% #a+ do+ara+ d%# $a!%ria# %r-$io6 S% )abria& d% ;(F a ;&F 9gr"(o I 0 d% ;(F a&F 9gr"(o II o& !%&+io&%+ o$(r%&dida+ %&!r% 0 ;>>>>76S" id%&!i)iai*& +% r%a#i8a $%dia&!% *digo a#)a&"$.rio6 S% "!i#i8a& %&ir"i!o+ '"% &%%+i!a& a#!a %+!abi#idad 0 baja+ (.rdida+ %& a#!a+ )r%"%&ia+6

7@D, )+:

So& o&d%&+ador%+ %+!ab#%+ '"% ("%d%& +o(or!ar !%&+io&%+ a#!a+/ 0a '"% #arigid%8 di%#.!ria '"% (r%+%&!a %+ $"0 %#%7ada6 Sobr% !odo +% %$(#%a& %&ir"i!o+ d% a#!a )r%"%&ia6 S% "!i#i8a& %& ga$a+ d% a(aidad%+o$(r%&dida+ %&!r% =() 0 ;>>>>>(F6 La ga$a d% !%&+io&%+ (ara #a+ '"% +%)abria& +"%#%& +%r a#!a+ 91a+!a >76 S% %+!-& +"+!i!"0%&do (or #o+ d%7idrio/ d% (ar%ida+ (ro(i%dad%+ 0 $-+ bara!o


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3 d

CARA DE UN CONDENSADOR

Co&+id.r%+% %# ir"i!o %& +%ri% d% #a )ig"ra6 I&iia#$%&!% %# o&d%&+ador %+!-d%+argado6 Si +% i%rra %# i&!%rr"(!or I #a arga %$(i%8a a )#"ir (rod"i%&doorri%&!% %& %# ir"i!o/ %# o&d%&+ador +% %$(i%8a a argar6 U&a 7%8 '"% %#o&d%&+ador ad'"i%r% #a arga $-3i$a/ #a orri%&!% %+a %& %# ir"i!o6

E& %# ir"i!o d% #a )ig"ra !%&dr%$o+ '"% #a +"$a Vab+Vbc+Vca=0.

E# %3!r%$o a !i%&% "& (o!%&ia# $a0or '"% %# %3!r%$o b d% #a r%+i+!%&iaR/ 0a '"% #a orri%&!% )#"0% d% a a b6 D% a"%rdo a #a #%0 d% O1$Vab=i.

La (#aa (o+i!i7a d%# o&d%&+ador b !i%&% $a0or (o!%&ia# '"% #a (#aa&%ga!i7a / d% $odo '"% Vbc=q/C6

E# !%r$i&a# (o+i!i7o d% #a ba!%r,a a !i%&% $a0or (o!%&ia# '"% %# !%r$i&a#

&%ga!i7o / d% $odo '"% Vca = !Ve/ do&d% Ve %+ #a )%$ d% #a ba!%r,a6

La %"ai*& d%# ir"i!o %+ i + q/C ! Ve= 0.

T%&i%&do %& "%&!a '"% #a i&!%&+idad +% d%)i&% o$o #a arga '"% a!ra7i%+a #a+%i*& d%# ir"i!o %& #a "&idad d% !i%$(o/ i = dq / dt/ !%&dr%$o+ #a +ig"i%&!%%"ai*& (ara i&!%grar

D%ri7a&do o&r%+(%!o a# !i%$(o/ ob!%&%$o+ #a i&!%&+idad %& )"&i*& d%# !i%$(o


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4 d

La arga !i%&d% 1aia "& 7a#or $-3i$o C"Vea# abo d% "& i%r!o !i%$(o/!%*ria$%&!% i&)i&i!o6

La i&!%&+idad di+$i&"0% %3(o&%&ia#$%&!% o& %# !i%$(o/ 1a+!a '"% +% 1a%%ro "a&do %# o&d%&+ador ad'"i%r% #a arga $-3i$a6

La a&!idad C'"% a(ar%% %& %# d%&o$i&ador d% t+% d%&o$i&a o&+!a&!%d% !i%$(o d%# ir"i!o6 E+!% r%(r%+%&!a %# !i%$(o '"% !o$ar- a #a orri%&!%(ara d% r%%r 1a+!a ;% d% +" 7a#or i&iia#6

U&/


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5 d

La i&!%&+idad %+

La %&%rg,a +"$i&i+!rada (or #a

ba!%r,a %+

La

%&%rg,a

di+i(ada %& #a r%+i+!%&ia %+

La %&%rg,a a"$"#ada %& %# o&d%&+ador %+

C+d" -, "*,/+ ,* !",-" d, +!+ t:

La arga d%# o&d%&+ador %+

q = CV$ ;6=Q;>BQ> =C

La %&%rg,a +"$i&i+!rada (or #a ba!%r,a %+

#b ;6=Q;>BJ"#io+6


#c 6BJ"#io+6

La %&%rg,a !o!a# di+i(ada %a r%+i+!%&ia %+

# 6BJ"#io+6C+!+ d,-+!+ d, "d,-+d"!


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6 d

C"a&do %# ir"i!o RC +% o&%!a a "& g%&%rador d% +%5a#%+ "adrada+/(od%$o+ ob+%r7ar %& "& o+i#o+o(io %# (ro%+o d% arga 0 d%+arga6Co$o +% 7% %& #a )ig"ra/ d"ra&!% %# (ri$%r +%$i(%riodo d% #a +%5a# #a )%$ !i%&%"& 7a#or o&+!a&!% % ig"a# a V06 E# o&d%&+ador +% arga d"ra&!% "&!i%$(o %6La arga q1)i&a# d%# o&d%&+ador %& %# i&+!a&!% t % +% a#"#a a (ar!ir d% #a)*r$"#aE& %# i&+!a&!% t = %/2#a )%$ +% 1a% %ro/ %# o&d%&+ador +% d%+arga6 Laarga d%# o&d%&+ador q2%& %# i&+!a&!% t=%+% a#"#a a (ar!ir d% #a )*r$"#a/

E& %# +ig"i%&!% (ro%+o d% arga/ #a i&!%grai*& &o%+ %&!r% #o+ #,$i!%+ > 0 q/ +i&o %&!r% #a argar%$a&%&!% q20 q6

Ca#"#a$o+ #a arga )i&a# q&%& %# i&+!a&!% t = %+%/26 Y a+,/ +"%+i7a$%&!%6


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7 d

DESCARA DE UN CONDENSADOR

Co&+id%r%$o+ a1ora %# ir"i!o '"% o&+!a d% "& o&d%&+ador/ i&iia#$%&!%argado o& arga Q/ 0 "&a r%+i+!%&ia / 0 +% i%rra %# i&!%rr"(!or I6La %"ai*& d%# ir"i!o +%r- #a +ig"i%&!%:

Vab+Vba=0

Co$o #a orri%&!% 7a d% +1aia


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8 d

La %&%rg,a a#$a%&ada %& %# o&d%&+ador %& )or$a d% a$(o %#.!rio %&

%# i&+!a&!% t%+

Co$(roba$o+ '"% #c=#0!#6 La %&%rg,a %& %# o&d%&+ador +% di+i(a %& #ar%+i+!%&ia6 C"a&do +% o$(#%!a %# (ro%+o d% d%+arga tWX/ !oda #a %&%rg,aa#$a%&ada %& %# o&d%&+ador +% 1a di+i(ado %& #a r%+i+!%&ia6

E=,*":S%a "& o&d%&+ador d% a(aidad C;6= $F %& +%ri% o& "&a r%+i+!%&iad% = @ argado i&iia#$%&!% o& Q=C6 E$(%%$o+ a o&!ar %#!i%$(o "a&do +% i%rra %# i&!%rr"(!or6 E& %# i&+!a&!% t> $+

La arga d%# o&d%&+ador %+

La i&!%&+idad %+

La %&%rg,a a#$a%&ada i&iia#$%&!% %& %# o&d%&+ador %+

La %&%rg,a di+i(ada %& #a r%+i+!%&ia %+


P!",-" d, D,-+!+:

S"(o&ga$o+ '"% %# o&d%&+ador 1a0a ad'"irido "&a arga K> 0 '"%(a+a$o+ %# o&$"!ador a #a (o+ii*& i&)%rior/ d% $odo '"% ("%da d%+argara !ra7.+ d% #a r%+i+!%&ia R6 N*!%+% '"% K> r%(r%+%&!a #a arga i&iia# %& "&(ro%+o d% d%+arga 0 '"% &o %+ &%%+aria$%&!% ig"a# a #a K) d%)i&idaa&!%rior$%&!%6 S*#o +i %# o&$"!ador 1a (%r$a&%ida %& #a (o+ii*& +"(%rior"& !i%$(o:


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d

![[RC +%r- K> K)6

R%(r%+%&!%$o+ d% &"%7o (or ' #aarga 0 (or i #a i&!%&+idad d% #aorri%&!% d% d%+arga %& "& i%r!oi&+!a&!% o&!ado a (ar!ir d%# $o$%&!o %&'"% +% o#oa %# o&$"!ador %& #a(o+ii*& i&)%rior6

Dado '"% a1ora &o 1a0 )6%6$6 %& %# ir"i!o 9%+!o %+ V > #a %"ai*& 9 +%%+rib%:

Y/ %& %# i&+!a&!% d% i&iiar+% #a d%+arga/ ("%+!o '"% ' K>/ #a i&!%&+idadi&iia# I> %+:

Y a $%dida '"% %# o&d%&+ador +% 7a d%+arga&do/ #a i&!%&+idad di+$i&"0%1a+!a a&"#ar+%6 E# +ig&o &%ga!i7o %& #a+ %3(r%+io&%+ a&!%rior%+ (o&% d%$a&i)i%+!o '"% #a orri%&!% d% d%+arga 7a %& +%&!ido o&!rario a# i&diado %a Fig"ra A&!%rior6

Para ob!%&%r #a+ %3(r%+io&%+ d% '/ i/ Va 0 Vb %& )"&i*& d%# !i%$(o/

+"+!i!"0a$o+ %& 9>B ; i (or d'd!/ % i&!%gr%$o+ (ara ob!%&%r '9!6 Pord%ri7ai*& d% '9! r%+(%!o a# !i%$(o +% ob!%&dr- i9! 0 +"+!i!"0%&do %+!a+)"&io&%+ %& 9;B; +% !i%&% Va9! 0 Vab 9!6 S% (ro(o&% d%$o+!rar '"% d%$odo '"%:

D% &"%7o/ !a&!o #a arga o$o #a i&!%&+idad d%r%%& %3(o&%&ia#$%&!% o&%# !i%$(o/ d%bi%&do !ra&+"rrir "& !i%$(o i&)i&i!a$%&!% gra&d% (ara '"% %#o&d%&+ador +% d%+arg"% !o!a#$%&!%6 E+ )-i# o$(r%&d%r '"%/ %& %#(ro%+o d% d%+arga/ #a o&+!a&!% d% !i%$(o d%# ir"i!o/ RC/ r%(r%+%&!a %#!i%$(o '"% !arda %# o&d%&+ador %& r%d"ir +" arga a "&


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!0 d

F8 ,- *+ "-/+/, d, /)," , )!)/"- RL RCG U& a(ai!or 9o&d%&+ador +% arg"% a "& 6 \ d% #a arga !o!a#

9$-3i$o 7o#!aj% d%+(".+ d% '"% "&a )"%&!% d% orri%&!%dir%!a +% 1a0a o&%!ado a "& ir"i!o RC6

U& i&d"!or 9bobi&a %+!. +i%&do a!ra7%+ada (or %# 6 \

d% #a orri%&!% !o!a# 9$-3i$a orri%&!%/ d%+(".+ d% '"%"&a )"%&!%d%orri%&!% dir%!a+% 1a0a o&%!ado a "&ir"i!o RL6

Co$o +% 7%/ &i %# o&d%&+ador a#a&8a +" $-3i$a arga 90 7o#!aj%/ &i #abobi&a a#a&8a& +" $-3i$a orri%&!% %& "&a "-/+/, d, /),"6 Si!ra&+"rr% "&a &"%7a "-/+/, d, /),"%# o&d%&+ador +% 1abr- argadoa1ora a "& 6= \ d% #a arga !o!a# 0 (or #a bobi&air"#ar- "& 6= \ d% #a

orri%&!% !o!a#6

C"a&do #a )"%&!% d% 7o#!aj% %& CD +% r%!ira d% "& ir"i!o RC o RL 0 1a!ra&+"rrido "&a o&+!a&!% d% !i%$(o %# 7o#!aj%%& %# a(ai!or 1a (a+ado d%"& ;>>\ 1a+!a "& 6 \ 9+% 1a (%rdido "& 6\ d% +" 7a#or origi&a#6 Ig"a#+"%d% o& %# i&d"!or 0 #a orri%&!%'"% (a+a (or .#6

La +ig"i%&!% !ab#a $"%+!ra #o+ 7a#or%+ 9%& (or%&!aj% d% %+!o+ do+ a+o+6
http://unicrom.com/Tut_fuentepoder.asphttp://unicrom.com/Tut_corrientecontinua.asphttp://unicrom.com/Tut_bobina.asphttp://unicrom.com/Tut_voltaje.asphttp://unicrom.com/Tut_corriente_electrica.asphttp://unicrom.com/Tut_fuentepoder.asphttp://unicrom.com/Tut_corrientecontinua.asphttp://unicrom.com/Tut_bobina.asphttp://unicrom.com/Tut_voltaje.asphttp://unicrom.com/Tut_corriente_electrica.asp


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! d

CONCLUSIONES

A#go i$(or!a&!% '"% (od%$o+ r%+a!ar d% !odo #o %3("%+!o a&!%rior$%&!% %&%# (r%+%&!% !rabajo/ %+ '"% (ara &o+o!ro+ o$o %+!"dia&!%+ d% i&g%&i%r,a/ %+$"0 i$(or!a&!% ad'"irir o&oi$i%&!o a%ra d%# )"&io&a$i%&!o d% #o+a(ai!or%+ (ara dar#%+ "& "+o %+(%,)io/ ("%+!o '"% d%+(".+ !%&dr%$o+ #a&%%+idad d% (o&%r %& (r-!ia #o a(r%&dido a #a 1ora d% 1a%r "a#'"i%rdi+%5o/ (#a&o o i&+!a#ai*& %#.!ria 0 %#%!r*&ia6 Lo+ a(ai!or%+ +ir7%& o$oa#$a.& !%$(ora# d% %&%rg,a 0 (r%+!a "& gra& +%r7iio (ara +o#"io&%+ d%$4#!i(#%+ !ar%a+/ 0 &%%+idad%+ '"% %# +%r 1"$a&o '"i%ra +"(#ir6

A# Co&o%r #a %+!r"!"ra d% "& o&d%&+ador 0 o$o %+!- o&+!i!"ido %& +")or$a $-+ b-+ia/ ad'"iri$o+ %# o&oi$i%&!o &%%+ario (ara d%!%r$i&ar '".!i(o d% o&d%&+ador &o+ +%r7ir- %& d%!%r$i&ada a(#iai*&6 Ya '"% 1a0 '"%!%&%r %& "%&!a $"1a+ 7ariab#%+ '"% i&)#"ir-& %& #a a(aidad '"% !i%&% %#o&d%&+ador d% a#$a%&ar arga6 Por %j%$(#o %& "&o d% (#aa+ (ara#%#a+%&!r% $-+ gra&d% +%a %# -r%a d% #a+ (#aa+ 0 %&!r% $-+ (%gada+ %+!.& $a0or+%r- +" a(aidad6 Co$o !a$bi.& +i %# &%%+ario %# "+o d% "& di%#.!rio (ara$%jorar a4& $-+ %# )"&io&a$i%&!o d%# a(ai!or6

La+ ara!%r,+!ia+/ +i$bo#og,a 0 odi)iai*& d% #o+ o&d%&+ador%+ (%r$i!%a+i)iar#o+ o id%&!i)iar#o+ a #a 1ora d% 1a%r "+o d% %##o+/ a(r%&d%r %+%+i+!%$a d% odi)iai*& )ai#i!a $"1o 0 agi#i8a #o+ $o&!aj%+ d% ir"i!o+6 La)or$a d% di+(o&%r#o+ %& "& ir"i!o 0a +%a %& +%ri% o %& (ara#%#o !a$bi.&d%b% !%&%r+% %& "%&!a/ (ara a(ro7%1ar #a+ 7%&!aja+ '"% !ra%& adaa+oiai*&6

D%d"i$o+ 0 %&!%&di$o+ #a r%#ai*& %3i+!%&!% %&!r% #a arga 0 #a d%+arga d%#o&d%&+ador o& r%+(%!o a# !i%$(o/ %# o$(or!a$i%&!o '"% %3(%ri$%&!a %#

o&d%&+ador o& r%+(%!o a #a arga 0 d%+arga d% 7o#!aj% d"ra&!% %# !i%$(o6


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!! d

COSTOS DEL TRABAJO

DETALLE COSTO UNITARIO COSTO TOTAL

I$(r%+i*& d%# Trabajo ] >> ada 1oja ] 6>>

TOTAL H6.900


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!3 d

BIBLIORAIA

)-/"!)+

E# (ri$%r o&d%&+ador d% #a 1i+!oriaB ?#og d% di7"#gai*& i%&!,)ia 0!%&o#*gia61!!(:id%a+%"&daria6b#og+(o!6o$6o>;;>%#B(ri$%rBo&d%&+adorBd%B#aB1i+!oria61!$#

d+,/"- T,!)"-

1!!(:(%r+o6â&adoo6%+ab%#dgdo"$%&!aio&o&d%&+ador%+6(d)

E#%!r*&ia U&iro$ B Co&d%&+ador %#.!rio B Ca(ai!or %#.!rio:1!!(:"&iro$6o$T"!_o&d%&+ador6a+(

1!!(:1!$#6ri&o&d%#7ago6o$o&d%+ador%+B0Ba(ai!or%+61!$#

a#!%r G6 J"&g ` Ri1ard Mar+1 (i@i&g a(ai!or+ :1!!(:^^ 6#ardaba6o$ar!i#%+o&do&d61!$a(aidad

1!!(+:%+6î@i(%dia6orgî@iDi%#\C\A!rio

U&i7%r+idad d% A&!io'"ia/ F,+ia II/ Ca(i!"#o / Co&d%&+ador%+ Y

Di%#.!rio+:1!!(:do%&ia6"d%a6%d"6or%gio&a#i8aio&ir+>o&!%&idoa(i!"#o61!$#

C+!+ D,-+!+

1!!(:^^^6+6%1"6%++b^%b)i+ia%#%$ag&%!a$(o_%#%!riorr1!$

1!!(:^^^6"a#6%+$&a7arroPra!ia>6(d) 1!!(:"&iro$6o$T"!_o&+!a&!%_!i%$(o6a+(
http://ideasecundaria.blogspot.com.co/2011/03/el-primer-condensador-de-la-historia.htmlhttp://ideasecundaria.blogspot.com.co/2011/03/el-primer-condensador-de-la-historia.htmlhttp://perso.wanadoo.es/abeldg/documentacion/condensadores.pdfhttp://unicrom.com/Tut_condensador.asphttp://html.rincondelvago.com/condesadores-y-capacitores.htmlhttp://www.lcardaba.com/articles/cond/cond.htm#capacidadhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diel%C3%A9ctricohttp://docencia.udea.edu.co/regionalizacion/irs404/contenido/capitulo6.htmlhttp://www.sc.ehu.es/sbweb/fisica/elecmagnet/campo_electrico/rc/rchtmhttp://www.sc.ehu.es/sbweb/fisica/elecmagnet/campo_electrico/rc/rchtmhttp://www.ual.es/~mnavarro/Practica20.pdfhttp://unicrom.com/Tut_constante_tiempo.asphttp://ideasecundaria.blogspot.com.co/2011/03/el-primer-condensador-de-la-historia.htmlhttp://ideasecundaria.blogspot.com.co/2011/03/el-primer-condensador-de-la-historia.htmlhttp://perso.wanadoo.es/abeldg/documentacion/condensadores.pdfhttp://unicrom.com/Tut_condensador.asphttp://html.rincondelvago.com/condesadores-y-capacitores.htmlhttp://www.lcardaba.com/articles/cond/cond.htm#capacidadhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diel%C3%A9ctricohttp://docencia.udea.edu.co/regionalizacion/irs404/contenido/capitulo6.htmlhttp://www.sc.ehu.es/sbweb/fisica/elecmagnet/campo_electrico/rc/rchtmhttp://www.sc.ehu.es/sbweb/fisica/elecmagnet/campo_electrico/rc/rchtmhttp://www.ual.es/~mnavarro/Practica20.pdfhttp://unicrom.com/Tut_constante_tiempo.asp

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