Trabajo Final de Pasantias Terminado

7/24/2019 Trabajo Final de Pasantias Terminado

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REPUBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA.

UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIAFACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS Y SOCIALES

ESCUELA DE ECONOMIA

FORMACION DEL CAPITAL HUMANO A TRAVES DE LOS PROYECTOSSOCIOTECNOLOGICOS DE LA MISION SUCRE DEL MUNICIPIO SAN

FRANCISCO ALDEA AMENODORO URDANETA

TRABAJO DE PASANTIA PARA OPTAR AL TITULO DE ECONOMISTA

PRESENTADO POR:Br. Mara A. Ospina R.

C.I. 5.824.564

ASESORADOS POR:Mgs. E!i"a Rin#nLi. Mari$!a A!ar#n

Maraai%& Mar'& ($ 2))8

DEDICATORIA

A Di&s T&(& P&($r&s& p&r i!*+inar+$ $! s$n($r& ($ !a ,i(as.


2/39

A N*$s"r& S$-&r J$s*ris"& pa(r$ / r$($n"&r 0*$ n&s 1a $ns$-a(& $!

,a!&r ($ !as p$rs&nas $! p&($r ($! a+&r / !a *$r'a ($ !a $.

A "i R$ina / Ma(r$ Mis$ri&r(i&sa 0*$ n&s (as &r"a!$'a / ,&!*n"a( para

*+p!ir n*$s"r&s s*$-&s.

A! 1&+%r$ ($ +i ,i(a +i $sp&s& +i &+pa-$r& +i a+ig& 0*$ +$ !& a (a(& "&(&

s* a+&r s* ap&/& s* &nian'a s* "$rn*ra / &+pr$nsi#n $n $s"$ (*r& a+in&. T$

a+a "* $sp&sa.

A +i a+a(as +a(r$ s$r +ara,i!!&s& !!$na ($ a+&r / $sp$ran'a 0*$ 1an

&+par"i(& &n n&s&"r&s "&(&s n*$s"r&s s*$-&s.

A +is 1i3&s *$rp& / sangr$ ($ +i s$r &n "&(& +i a+&r para $!!&s.

.


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Mara A*i!ia(&ra Ospina R&+$r&.

AGRADECIMIENTO.

A Di&s n*$s"r& s$-&r p&r (arn&s *$r'a / ,&!*n"a( para ,$n$r "&(&s !&s

O%s"*!&s 0*$ s$ in"$rp*si$r&n $n n*$s"r& a+in&.

A +i $sp&s& p&r &+par"ir s*s $p$ri$nias / &n&i+i$n"&s s&%r$ $s"a

in,$s"igai#n / a +is 1i3&s p&r s* gran &!a%&rai#n $n !a %s0*$(a ($ !a

in&r+ai#n para $! ($sarr&!!& ($ $s"$ "ra%a3&. 7raias p&r s* &r"a!$'a.

A +is pa(r$s p&r $s"ar si$+pr$ &n+ig&. Di&s !&s %$n(iga $"$rna+$n"$.

A +i "*"&ra La Mag. E!i"a Rin#n p&r s$r !a &!*+na ($ ap&/& $n "&(& $! "ra/$"&

$n ($sarr&!!& ($! "ra%a3& ($ pasan"a / p&r s* (isp&sii#n para a/*(ar+$ $n "&(&

+&+$n"& $n 0*$ 1$ n$$si"a(& s* $p$ri$nia &n&i+i$n"& / s* gran apai(a(

($ &+pr$nsi#n $n !&s +&+$n"&s ($ +a/&r (ii*!"a( para $! !&gr& ($! &%3$"i,& &n

r$sp$"& a !a %s0*$(a ($ !a in&r+ai#n ($! api"a! 1*+an& /. 7raias p&r s$r

0*i$n $s *n s$r a%*!&s&...9

A +i "*"&ra T:nia Li. Mari$!a A!ar#n p&r s$r !a %as$ / graias a s*

$p$ri$nia $n $! ($sarr&!!& ($! &n&i+i$n"& $n !&s pr&/$"&s s&i&"$n&!&gi&s

para $! !&gr& $s"$ "ra%a3& ($ pasan"a. Mi! graias9 ; 0*$ Di&s !a %$n(iga.


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Mara A*i!ia(&ra Ospina R&+$r&.


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RESUMEN.

Ospina R&+$r& Mara A*i!ia(&ra. FORMACIN DEL CAPITAL HUMANO A

TRAVS DE LOS PROYECTOS SOCIOTECNOLOGICOS EN LA MISIN SUCREDEL MUNICIPIO SAN FRANCISCO ALDEA AMENODORO URDANETA. Tra%a3&Esp$ia! ($ 7ra(&< Pr"ia Pr&$si&na! = Pasan"as para &p"ar a! ""*!& ($E&n&+is"a. Uni,$rsi(a( ($! >*!ia ?a*!"a( ($ Ci$nias E&n#+ias / S&ia!$sEs*$!a ($ E&n&+a Maraai%& @$n$'*$!a 2))8

La pr$s$n"$ in,$s"igai#n $s" (irigi(a a !a ?&r+ai#n ($! Capi"a! *+an& a "ra,:s($ !&s Pr&/$"&s S&i&"$n&!&gi&s $n !a Misi#n S*r$ ($! M*niipi& San ?ranis&A!($a A+$n&(&r& Ur(an$"a. La in,$s"igai#n *$ ($ "ip& (&*+$n"a(a n&$p$ri+$n"a! "rans,$rsa! pr&sp$"i,a / ($srip"i,a. La p&%!ai#n ($ $s"*(i& ($r$(*i(& "a+a-& &nig*r# !a +*$s"ra &%3$"& ($ $s"*(i& ($ !a &r+ai#n ($ api"a! a

"ra,:s ($ !&s pr&/$"&s s&i&"$n&!#gi&s $n !a +isi#n s*r$ San ?ranis&. Lar$&!$i#n ($ (a"&s s$ !!$,# a a%& a "ra,:s ($ (&*+$n"ai#n r$,isi#n !i"$raria $n!as *a!$s s$ r$&n&i$r&n ($"$r+inan"$s a"&r$s / $!$+$n"&s 0*$ ara"$ri'an !a&r+ai#n ($! api"a! 1*+an& &+& in,$rsi#n $n !a $(*ai#n i($n"iian(& a "ra,:s($ !&s pr&/$"&s s&i&"$n&!&gi&s para s&!*i#n ($ pr&%!$+as / +$anis+&s ($&n$r"ai#n / g$s"i#n ($ r$*rs&s E! ($sarr&!!& ($ !a Misi#n S*r$ 1a p$r+i"i(&in&rp&rar a *n s$"&r ($ !a p&%!ai#n $!*i(a a !a $(*ai#n s*p$ri&r / 1a !&gra(&!a &r+ai#n ($ api"a! 1*+an& a! gra(*ar $n !&s !"i+&s (&s a-&s a pr&+&i&n$s ($T.S.U $n (i$r$n"$s +$ni&n$s. As &+& +*niipa!i'ar !a $(*ai#n $n @$n$'*$!a /p&"$niar !a apai"ai#n ($ $s"$ api"a! 1*+an&. A($+s ($ "$n$r *n &n$p"& ($($sarr&!!& $n(#g$n& 0*$ p$r+i"$ !a $p!&"ai#n ($ p&"$nia!i(a($s $n !a in(*s"ria!a p$sa $! "*ris+& &+$ri& "an"& para $! a*"& &ns*+& &+& para !a $p&r"ai#n.

Pa!a%ras C!a,$s< api"a! 1*+an& pr&/$"& s&i&"$n&!&gi& ($sarr&!!& $n(#g$n&

C&rr$& $!$"r#ni&< +aria&spinar&+$r&1&"+ai!.&+


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OSPINA ROMERO Maria A*i!ia(&ra. Form!"o# o$ !%& H'm# C("!) !%ro'*%!%& So+"o!&+#o)o*"+o, Pro-&+!, "# !%& S'+r& M",,"o# o$ !%& M'#"+"()"! S#Fr#+",+o V"))*& Amo/oro Ur/#&!.Diss$r"a"i&n s*%+i""$( *!i!+n" & "1$r$0*$ri+$n"s &r "1$ (i$gr$$ & E&n&+is" Uni,$rsi(a( ($! >*!ia ?a*!"a( ($Ci$nias E&n#+ias / S&ia!$s Es*$!a ($ E&n&+a Maraai%& @$n$'*$!a 2))8

ABSTRATACT

T1$ pr$s$n" in,$s"iga"i&n is (ir$"$( "& "1$ ?&r+a"i&n & "1$ *+an Capi"a! "&"ra,$rs$ & "1$ S&i&"$n&!&gi&s Pr&3$"s in "1$ S*r$ Missi&n & "1$ M*niipa!i"/San ?ranis& @i!!ag$ A+$n&(&r& Ur(an$"a. T1$ (&*+$n"$( in,$s"iga"i&n as &n&n$p$ri+$n"a! r&ssFs$"i&na! pr&sp$"i,$ an( ($srip"i,$ "/p$. T1$ p&p*!a"i&n &r$(*$( s"*(/ & s& !arg$ &r+$( "1$ sa+p!$ &%3$" & s"*(/ & "1$ &r+a"i&n &api"a! "1r&*g1 "1$ s&i&"$n&!#gi&s pr&3$"s in "1$ +issi&n s*r$ San ?ranis&.T1$ (a"a &!!$"i&n as arri$( &*" "1r&*g1 (&*+$n"a"i&n !i"$rar/ r$,isi&n in 1i1($"$r+inan"s $r$ r$&gni'$( a"&rs an( $!$+$n"s "1a" 1ara"$ri'$ "1$ &r+a"i&n& "1$ 1*+an api"a! as in,$s"+$n" in "1$ $(*a"i&n i($n"i/ing "1r&*g1 "1$s&i&"$n&!&gi&s pr&3$"s &r s&!*"i&n & pr&%!$+s an( +$1anis+s & agr$$+$n"an( +anag$+$n" & r$s&*r$s "1$ ($,$!&p+$n" & "1$ S*r$ Missi&n 1as a!!&$( "&

in&rp&ra"$ "& a s$"&r & "1$ p&p*!a"i&n $!*($( "1$ s*p$ri&r $(*a"i&n an( 1as&%"ain$( "1$ 1*+an &r+a"i&n & api"a! 1$n gra(*a"ing in "1$ !as" "& /$ars "&pr&+&"i&ns as T.S.U in (i$r$n" +$n"i&ns. As $!! as "&+*niipa!i'ar "1$ $(*a"i&nin @$n$'*$!a an( "& 1arn$ss "1$ 0*a!iia"i&n & "1is 1*+an api"a!. B$si($s "& 1a,$a &n$p" & $n(&g$n&*s ($,$!&p+$n" "1a" a!!&s "1$ &p$ra"i&n & p&"$n"ia!i"i$s in"1$ in(*s"r/ "1$ is1ing "1$ "&*ris+ &++$r$ as +*1 &r a*"&&ns*+& as &r "1$$p&r".

G$/ &r(s< 1*+an api"a! s&i&"$n&!&gi& pr&3$" $n(&g$n&*s ($,$!&p+$n"

E!$"r&ni +ai!< +aria&spinar&+$r&1&"+ai!.&+

INTRODUCCION

La $(*ai#n $s *n $!$+$n"& r*ia! ($ !a $s"ra"$gia ($ !&s pas$s La"in&s

A+$rian&s para $! ($sarr&!!& $&n#+i& / s&ia! as &+& "a+%i:n $s *n $!$+$n"&

!a,$ para a/*(ar a r$(*ir !a p&%r$'a / +$3&rar !&s ni,$!$s ($ ,i(a +$(ian"$ $!

r$i+i$n"& s&s"$ni%!$ / !a in,$rsi#n $n $! api"a! 1*+an& /a 0*$ $s"a in,$rsi#n $n

$(*ai#n !!$,a a !a a*+*!ai#n ($ api"a! 1*+an& 0*$ $s *n a"&r pri+&r(ia! para*n r$i+i$n"& s&s"$ni(& / *n a*+$n"& ($ !&s ingr$s&s.

La $(*ai#n s*p$ri&r ,$n$'&!ana s$ $n*$n"ra $n !&s a"*a!$s +&+$n"&sa"ra,$san(& *na si"*ai#n +*/ par"i*!ar (&n($ irr*+p$ *n n*$,& +&($!&$&n#+i& p&!"i& / s&ia! a s$g*ir p&r $! g&%i$rn& 0*$ a "ra,:s ($ *n pr&$s& ($a+%i& r$,&!*i&nari& / 0*$ri$n(& $"$n($r $sa r$,&!*i#n a "&(&s !&s +%i"&s ($ !as&i$(a( p&r !& 0*$ $! ni,$! $(*ai#n s*p$ri&r n& $sapa a s* ra(i& ($ ai#n. Es"$ n*$,& +&($!& ($ $(*ai#n s*p$ri&r !!a+a(& Misi#n S*r$ pr$"$n($in&rp&rar a !&s %a1i!!$r$s 0*$ n& 1an "$ni(& !a &p&r"*ni(a( ($ *rsar $s"*(i&s $nins"i"*i&n$s ($ $(*ai#n s*p$ri&r !&s !!a+a(&s $!*i(&s p&r $s"$ *n pr&gra+a ($

a!an$ nai&na! / &nsi($ran(& *na p&!"ia p%!ia /a 0*$ $s $3$*"a(& p&r *n#rgan& ($! Es"a(& $s r$!$,an"$ ($"$n$rs$ *n +&+$n"& / !!$,ar a a%& *naapr&i+ai#n a s* $s"*(i& / p&si%!$s &ns$*$nias &%s$r,a%!$s a !a $1a p&r0*$


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n& 1a/ 0*$ &!,i(ar 0*$ s* i+p!$+$n"ai#n &+$n'# a ina!$s ($! a-& 2))H !& 0*$1a$ *n pr&gra+a r$i$n"$ / p&r "an"& pr$s$n"a !as (ii*!"a($s pr&pias ($ !an&,$(a(. Es pr$isa+$n"$ $s"a n&,$(a( / $! +%i"& ($ ai#n ($ $s"a +isi#n !&0*$ i+p*!s& a !as in,$s"iga(&ras a !!$,ar a a%& $! pr$s$n"$ $s"*(i& ($%i(& a !ai+p&r"ania 0*$ $! ni,$! *ni,$rsi"ari& r$pr$s$n"a para *a!0*i$r pas p&r0*$ $s a0*(&n($ s$ &r+an !&s pr&$si&na!$s 0*$ $n $! *"*r& "&+aran !as ri$n(as ($ !a nai#n

$n !as r$as "$n&!#gia a(+inis"ra"i,as p&!"ias s&ia!$s $&n#+ias $n"r$ &"ras($ a!! 0*$ s$ 1a$ n$$sari& $,a!*ar $! i+pa"& s&ia! ($ !a Misi#n S*r$ $! *a! n&pr$"$n($ s$r *n $s"*(i& $1a*s"i,& ni $"$ns& p&r0*$ $s& &rr$sp&n($ra a *n ni,$!($ $s"*(i& s*p$ri&r &+& *na +a$s"ra p$r& n& p&r $!!& ($3a ($ s$r *n $s"*(i&,a!i(& para g$n$rar r$!$i#n / &ns"i"*ir *n inii& para in,$s"igai&n$s +spr&*n(as !as *a!$s pr&%a%!$+$n"$ agra($$ra $! pas. P&r "a! +&"i,& s$($sarr&!!& $s"a in,$s"igai#n a !a *a! s$ !$ ($"$r+in# !a &nig*rai#n ($ in&ap"*!&s 0*$ a s* ,$' &nsi($ran $! sig*i$n"$ &n"$ni(&. En $! Cap"*!& I s$ pr$s$n"a !as ara"$rs"ias ($ !a A!($a B&!i,ariana A+$n&(&r&Ur(an$"a ($ Misi#n S*r$ a"i,i(a($s a !as 0*$ s$ ($(ia ($sripi#n ($!Pr&gra+a ($ Ci$nias T:nias s* $s"r*"*ra &rgani'a"i,a La +isi#n ,isi#n ($ !a

Misi#n S*r$. En $! Cap"*!& II s$ pr$s$n"a $! p!an"$a+i$n"& ($! pr&%!$+a 3*s"iiai#n ($ !ain,$s"igai#n $! &%3$"i,& g$n$ra! / !&s $sp$i&s / !a ($!i+i"ai#n $spaia! /"$+p&ra! En $! Cap"*!& III s$ pr$s$n"an !&s an"$$($n"$s ($ !a in,$s"igai#n / s$($sarr&!!an !as %as$s "$#rias 0*$ *n(a+$n"an s* &n"$ni(& En $! Cap"*!& I@ $s" (irigi(& a! $s"a%!$i+i$n"& ($ !&s !in$a+i$n"&s+$"&(&!#gi&s 0*$ g*iar&n !&s pas&s ($ $s"*(i& $n r$!ai#n &n ara"$rs"iasain$s a! "ip& ($ $s"*(i& p&%!ai#n / (is$-& ($ !a in,$s"igai#n a! ig*a! !a ":niaap!ia(a para !a r$&!$i#n ($ (a"&s ?ina!+$n"$ $n $! Capi"*!& @ s$ pr$s$n"a $! an!isis ($ !a in&r+ai#n. D$ ig*a!&r+a s$ pr$s$n"an !as &n!*si&n$s / r$&+$n(ai&n$s pr&$($n"$s ($ !a +is+a. Es"$ $s"*(i& pr$s$n"a *na &n"ri%*i#n para !a Misi#n S*r$ &r+a(&r$s ($api"a! 1*+an& ($ +an$ra 0*$ !$ p$r+i"a ,is*a!i'ar a"*a!+$n"$ s* sis"$+a ($$ns$-an'a r$$r$n"$ a ($ !&s pr&/$"&s / "$n$r $n *$n"a 0*$ si$+pr$ $s a"i%!$+$3&rar!& ($ a!g*na &r+a $+p!$n(&s$ para $!!& *n $n&0*$ "$#ri& "an"& $n !&$&n#+i& &+& $n !& s&ia! 0*$ !$ p$r+i"a a !&s $s"*(ian"$s ($ !a +isi#n s*r$p!an"$ar a!"$rna"i,as ($ s&!*i#n a !as n$$si(a($s 0*$ pr$s$n"an !as &+*ni(a($s/ as p&($r !&grar *na "&"a! sa"isai#n $n *na pr$s"ai#n ($ s$r,ii& ($ a!i(a( $n!as (i$r$n"$s r$as $&n#+ias / s&ia!$s &+& !as &&p$ra"i,as agr&p$*arias&rgani'a(as p&r $s"*(ian"$s ($ $s"a r$a as &+& ($ !as &"ras *ni(a($s

*rri*!ar$s ($ ing$ni$ra A(+inis"rai#n $". $n *n +$3&r a&n(ii&na+i$n"& ($!as inra$s"r*"*ra as$g*ran(& *n +$3&r r$i+i$n"& $&n#+i& / +$3&r a!i(a(1*+ana.

CAPITULO I

Cr+!&r0,!"+ /& ) Em(r&,

1. R&,&2 H",!3r"+

En s$p"i$+%r$ ($! 2))H $! g&%i$rn& %&!i,arian& ($ @$n$'*$!a in!*/# !a Misi#nS*r$ $n s* p!an ($ g$s"i#n r$,&!*i&naria. Es"a a+%ii&sa iniia"i,a na$ &+& *na


8/39

$sp$ran'a para !&s +i!$s ($ 3#,$n$s / a(*!"&s 0*$ s&-a%an &n r$a!i'ar *na arr$ra*ni,$rsi"aria. D$ +an$ra 0*$ $s"$ pr&gra+a ($ $(*ai#n s*p$ri&r p$rsig*$ 0*$ !agran +asa ($ %a1i!!$r$s $!*i(&s !&gr$ in&rp&rars$ & pr&s$g*ir s*s $s"*(i&s ($$(*ai#n s*p$ri&r r&+pi$n(& &n !a ($!i%$ra(a p&!"ia ($ $!*si#n s&ia! 0*$ p&r+s ($ 4) a-&s r$in# $n $! pas. P&r "a! +&"i,& $! p!an $"ra&r(inari& Marisa!An"&ni& J&s: ($ S*r$ ($n&+ina(& KMisi#n S*r$K $s *n pr&gra+a ($ ins$ri#n ($!

Minis"$ri& ($ E(*ai#n S*p$ri&r r$a(& +$(ian"$ $! D$r$"& Pr$si($nia! N 26)($! 8 ($ s$p"i$+%r$ ($! 2))H. Es sin (*(a !a "ar$a +s "ras$n($n"$ $n +a"$ria ($$(*ai#n *ni,$rsi"aria 0*$ s$ 1a !!$,a(& a a%& $n @$n$'*$!a. La Misi#n S*r$p&n$$n +ar1a s$ inii# !*$g& ($ !a r$a!i'ai#n ($! pri+$r $ns& nai&na! 2))Hpara i($n"iiar a !&s %a1i!!$r$s $!*i(&s ($! s*%sis"$+a ($ $(*ai#n s*p$ri&r 0*$0*isi$ran &n"in*ar s*s $s"*(i&s. En $s"a &p&r"*ni(a( s$ insri%i$r&n 4) +i!a!*+n&s 0*i$n$s aspira%an ingr$sar a !as *ni,$rsi(a($s. L!a+a !a a"$ni#n 0*$+*1&s ($ $!!&s 1a%an a%an(&na(& s*s $s"*(i&s pr$+a"*ra+$n"$ &%!iga(&s ain&rp&rars$ a! +$ra(& ($ "ra%a3&. D$!ia 2))5

C&n&i$n(& !&s r$s*!"a(&s ($! r$gis"r& $! Minis"$ri& ($ E(*ai#n S*p$ri&r in(ia0*$ !a Misi#n S*r$ pr&piiar $s"*(i&s s*p$ri&r$s &n p$r"in$nia s&ia! s$n"i(& ($

arraig& / pr&p#si"& ($ini(& in+$rs&s $n g$&graas &nr$"as &n ,isi#n g!&%a!.P$r& s&%r$ "&(& &+pr&+$"i(&s &n $! i+p*!s& / !a pr&+&i#n ($! ($sarr&!!&$n(#g$n& / s*s"$n"a%!$ ($ a(a *na ($ !as r$gi&n$s a "ra,:s ($ !a i+p!an"ai#n ($!pr&gra+a ($ !&s pr&/$"& s&i&"$n&!#gi&s. L&s $spai&s $(*a"i,&s ($ $s"a+an$ra s$ $pan($n a "&(&s !&s +%i"&s ($ !a ,i(a s&ia!.

4. A+!"5"//&, /& M","3# S'+r& A)/& Amo/oro Ur/#&!. Es *na par"$ ($ !& 0*$ $n r$a!i(a( $s $! p!an Nai&na! ($ Misi#n S*r$ $n (&n($s$ i+par"$n !&s (i$r$n"$s pr&gra+as &+& Ci$nias T:nias !a *a! $s"

&+pr$n(i(a p&r !&s sig*i$n"$s pr&gra+as &+& ing$ni$ra +$nia ing$ni$ra $ngas ing$ni$ra $!$"r#nia ing$ni$ra $n sis"$+a $". A($+s "a+%i:n $s"n !&spr&gra+as ($ &r+ai#n ($ $(*a(&r$s as &+& "a+%i:n ($r$1& $s"*(i& 3*r(i&&+*niai#n s&ia! g$s"i#n a+%i$n"a! 0*$ s&n i+par"i(&s p&r "&(&s !&s pr&$s&r$sas$s&r$s 0*$ !& in"$gran 1ai$n(& 1inapi: $n !a !n$a ($ &r+ai#n !&ngi"*(ina! ($!&s pr&/$"&s s&i&"$n&!#gi&s $n !a *a! s$ 1ar :nasis $n !a $s"ra"$gia ($ai#n !a *a! $s"ar %asa(a $n !a in"$grai#n ($ !&s (&+ini&s 0*$ !&s $s"*(ian"$s,a/an ($sarr&!!an(& para $! (iagn&s"i& ($ s* $n"&rn& !a &r+*!ai#n ($ s*spr&p*$s"as ($ in"$r,$ni#n "rans&r+a(&ra ($ +an$ra 0*$ $! $s"*(ian"$ s$$nrs0*$s$ &n $! &n&i+i$n"& / !a pra"ia a !a ,$'6. D&,+r"(+"3# /&) 7r&

E! pr&gra+a ($ ?&r+ai#n Nai&na! $n A(+inis"rai#n / 7$s"i#n a($+s ($ap&/ars$ $n !as r$sp$"i,as *ni(a($s *rri*!ar$s &+& p&($+&s &%s$r,ar $n !agraiaC&n&r+an $spai&s ($ apr$n(i'a3$ paria!$s $n !&s 0*$ a"$n(i$n(& a !asara"$rs"ias / p&si%i!i(a($s ($ a(a par"iipan"$ s$ irn a%&r(an(& (&+ini&s&n$p"*a!$s *n(a+$n"a!$s $n !a &r+ai#n ($ *n pr&$si&na! $n $! r$a ($a(+inis"rai#n / g$s"i#n. Es"as *ni(a($s *rri*!ar$s s$ ara"$ri'an p&r $!($sarr&!!& ($ !&s (is"in"&s (&+ini&s a par"ir ($ $s"ra"$gias $n"ra(as $n $!par"iipan"$ &+$n"an(& $! an!isis r"i& $n *n !i+a ($ &+*niai#n a%i$r"a 0*$a,&r$'a !a !i%r$ $pr$si#n ($ i($as $! ($%a"$ $! r$sp$"& / !a ,a!&rai#n ($ !a(i,$rsi(a( p$r& !a *ni(a( *rri*!ar +s i+p&r"an"$ $s !a ($ &r+ai#n

$sp$ia!+$n"$ $n pr&/$"& s&i&"$n&!#gi&s $n $! *a! $! $s"*(ian"$ s$ in"$gra a !a&+*ni(a( &r+*!an(& pr&p*$s"as $,a!*n(&!a / !!$,n(&!a a a%& a "ra,:s ($ !apr$s$n"ai#n ($ !a n$$si(a($s ($ !a &+*ni(a( +$(ian"$ !a $!a%&rai#n ($ *n


9/39

pr&/$"& $! *a! !$s (ar s&!*i#n a s*s n$$si(a($s.

8. E,!r'+!'r Or*#"9!"5 A)/& Amo/oro Ur/#&!

. M","3# S&+&s *n sis"$+a ($ $(*ai#n s*p$ri&r &n %as$ $n $! ($sarr&!!& $n(#g$n& /s&s"$ni%!$ r$a!i'a(& / !!$,a(& a a%& p&r !&s pr&/$"&s s&i& "$n&!#gi&s / 0*$i+pa"an $n !& !&a! !& r$gi&na! / !& nai&na! 0*$ si+*!"n$a+$n"$ &rri3an "&(asa0*$!!as an&+a!as / ($sai$r"&s 0*$ 1an ,$ni(& ara"$ri'an(& a $s"$ s$"&r$(*a"i,& a(+isi#n s$sg& s&ia! ($s$ri#n a!i(a( ($ !a $ns$-an'a $"..;. V","3# 7aran"i'ar 3*s"iia s&ia! &n $! ar"$r $s"ra":gi& ($ !a $(*ai#n s*p$ri&rpara $! ($sarr&!!& ($! api"a! 1*+an& in"$gra! para $! ($sarr&!!& / r$i+i$n"&$&n#+i& s*s"$n"a%!$ !a s&%$rana nai&na! / !a &ns"r*i#n ($ *na s&i$(a(($+&r"ia / par"iipa"i,a para !& *a! $s in(isp$nsa%!$ garan"i'ar !a par"iipai#n($ !a s&i$(a( "&(a $n !a g$n$rai#n "rans&r+ai#n (i*si#n / apr&,$1a+i$n"&($! &n&i+i$n"& r$a"i,& ($ !&s sa%$r$s / 1a$r$s ($ !a ins$ri#n ($ !&s pr&/$"&ss&i& "$n&!#gi&s $n !a &+*ni(a($s


10/39

CAPITULO II

4. E) Pro=)&m /& I#5&,!"*+"3#2.. P!an"$a+i$n"& ($! Pr&%!$+a

La E&n&+a ($ !a E(*ai#n s$ 1a $n"ra(& $n !&s $s"*(i& ($ !a $(*ai#n &+&in"r&(*i#n ($! &n&i+i$n"& $&n#+i& !a $(*ai#n &+& (is"ri%*i#n ($ pap$!$s

$&n#+i&s !a $(*ai#n &+& (is"ri%*i#n ($ !a r$n"a !a p!aniiai#n ($ !a$(*ai#n !a $ii$nia in"$rna ($ !a $(*ai#n !a inaniai#n ($ !a $(*ai#n !a$,a!*ai#n ($ !&s sis"$+as $(*a"i,&s $! an!isis &s"$ %$n$ii&s ($ !a $(*ai#n$! an!isis ($ !as n$$si(a($s ($ +an& ($ &%ra a!iia(a $! an!isis ($ !a ($+an(as&ia! / !as ap&r"ai&n$s ($ !a +ir&$&n&+a a !&s $n"r&s $(*a"i,&s. Es ($ir agran($s rasg&s 1a/ *na (&%!$ ,$r"i$n"$ $n 0*$ !a E&n&+a ($ !a E(*ai#n 1a"ra%a3a(& pri+$r& *na ,$r"i$n"$ +ar& (irigi(a a !a p!aniiai#n / !a $,a!*ai#n ($!&s sis"$+as $(*a"i,&s / *na s$g*n(a ,$r"i$n"$ +ir& !iga(a a !&s asp$"&s+ir&$&n#+i&s ($ !a g$s"i#n $&n#+ia ($ !as $s*$!as *ni,$rsi(a($s a !aa(+inis"rai#n $+pr$saria! ($ !&s $n"r&s $(*a"i,&s. P&r &"ra par"$ a*n0*$ s$"ra"$ ($ *na (isip!ina $n rpi(a $,&!*i#n &ns"a"a+&s 0*$ $n $!!a si$+pr$ 1a"$ni(& pr$$+in$nia $! an!isis $&n#+i& asi sin &nsi($rar $! &%3$"& ($ $s"*(i&!a $(*ai#n ($s($ i$r"& i+p$ria!is+& ($ !a $&n&+a s&%r$ !a $s"*(i& !a$(*ai#n ($s($ i$r"& i+p$ria!is+& ($ !a $&n&+a s&%r$ !a

E(*ai#n ($! +is+& +&(& 0*$ a"a s&%r$ $! +%i"& sani"ari& & s&%r$ !&ss$r,ii&s s&ia!$s. Q*i' p&r $!!& 1as"a $! +&+$n"& 1a si(& $! +%i"& ($ !as&i&!&ga $! 0*$ 1a +&s"ra(& +a/&r s$nsi%i!i(a( / ($s($ $! 0*$ s$ 1an +*1as $in"$r$san"$s ap&r"ai&n$s. D$ +an$ra 0*$ $! pr&$s& ($ +$3&rar !a a!i(a( ($ !a $ns$-an'a a ni,$!*ni,$rsi"ari& &n !!$,a a !a r*p"*ra ($ ,i$3&s para(ig+as $s p$nsar a1&ra $n *na*ni,$rsi(a( (is$+ina(a p&r "&(&s !&s rin&n$s ($! pas para 0*$ $!!a i+p*!s$ $!

M&($!& ($ ($sarr&!!& $n(#g$n& / !&s pr&$si&na!$s 0*$ $gr$s$n ($ s*s $spai&ss$an r"i&s &n &+pr&+is& s&ia! :"i& / p&r $n($ in"$rna!i'a(&s &n s* &n"$"&a($+s ($ &r+ar *n s"& ($ api"a! 1*+an& para $! ($sarr&!!& ($! pas. As 0*$ !a+$"&(&!&ga ($ apr$n(i'a3$ para !a &r+*!ai#n ($ pr&/$"&s pr&(*$ *na &+*ni#n$n"r$ !a &r+ai#n in"$gra! ($ !&s $s"*(ian"$s !a &&p$rai#n !ain,$s"igai#n / !ains$ri#n ($n"r& ($ s* pr&pia &+*ni(a( !& *a! !$s p$r+i"ir &n&r+ar $0*ip&s&1$si,& 0*$ "ra%a3an $n pr& ($ !a s&!*i#n ($ *na si"*ai#n !& 0*$ a%r$ $! a%ani&($ a!"$rna"i,as para !a "rans&r+ai#n &ri$n"a(a a! a+%i& 0*$ s$ g$n$r$ $!($sarr&!!& ($ *n pr&/$"& ($ in"$rai#n S&i&FE(*a"i,a $! *a! $s $! +ar&r$$r$nia! para 0*$ !& "$#ri& s$a !!$,a(& a !a pr"ia. A($+s )a $(*ai#n $s *nins"r*+$n"& i+p&r"an"$ para $! ($sarr&!!& $&n#+i& / s&ia!. Es *n $!$+$n"& r*ia!

($ !a $s"ra"$gia ($ !&s pas$s La"in& A+$rian&s para a/*(ar a r$(*ir !a p&%r$'a /+$3&rar !&s ni,$!$s ($ ,i(a +$(ian"$ $! r$i+i$n"& s&s"$ni%!$ / !a in,$rsi#n $n $!api"a! 1*+an&. Es"a (&%!$ $s"ra"$gia $ig$ 0*$ s$ pr&+*$,a $! *s& pr&(*"i,& ($ !a


11/39

+an& ($ &%ra 0*$ $s $! prinipa! a"i,& ($ !a p&%!ai#n +s n$$si"a(a / s$s*+inis"r$n s$r,ii&s s&ia!$s %si&s a $s"a p&%!ai#n Ban& M*n(ia! ). Sin $+%arg& !a in,$rsi#n $n $(*ai#n !!$,a a !a a*+*!ai#n ($ api"a! 1*+an&

0*$ $s *n a"&r !a,$ para $! r$i+i$n"& $&n#+i& s&s"$ni(& / $! a*+$n"& ($ !&s

ingr$s&s. La $(*ai#n / $sp$ia!+$n"$ !a $(*ai#n %sia pri+aria / s$*n(aria

($ pri+$r i!& &n"ri%*/$ "a+%i:n a r$(*ir !a p&%r$'a a! a*+$n"ar !a

pr&(*"i,i(a( ($! "ra%a3& ($ !&s +s n$$si"a(&s a*+$n"ar !a $(*ai#n ($

p!aniiai#n a+i!iar para r$(*ir $! r$i+i$n"& $ag$ra(& ($ !&s n!$&s a+i!iar$s

0*$ pr$s$n"an a!"&s ni,$!$s ($ p&%r$'a +$3&rar !a sa!*( / a! $0*ipar a !as

p$rs&nas para 0*$ par"iip$n p!$na+$n"$ $n !a $&n&+a / $n !a s&i$(a(. A($+s

!a $(*ai#n &n"ri%*/$ a! &r"a!$i+i$n"& ($ !as ins"i"*i&n$s ($ !a s&i$(a( i,i! a

!a r$ai#n ($ *na apai(a( nai&na! / a! %*$n g&%i$rn& 0*$ s&n "&(&s $!$+$n"&s

r"i&s a(a ,$' +s r$&n&i(&s para !a ap!iai#n $$"i,a ($ p&!"ias$&n#+ias / s&ia!$s rai&na!$s.

P&r &"ra par"$ !a $(*ai#n "a+%i:n &n"ri%*/$ a! r$i+i$n"& $&n#+i& p$r& n&

!& g$n$ra p&r s s&!a. E! r$i+i$n"& +s *$r"$ s$ !&gra *an(& !a in,$rsi#n $n

api"a! 1*+an& / $n api"a! si& "i$n$ !*gar $n $&n&+as &n +$ra(&s

&+p$"i"i,&s ($ %i$n$s / a"&r$s ($ pr&(*i#n. Es&s +$ra(&s s&n r$s*!"a(& ($ !a

$s"a%i!i(a( +ar&$&n#+i& $! %*$n *ni&na+i$n"& ($ !&s +$ra(&s ($ "ra%a3& / !a

ap$r"*ra a! &+$ri& in"$rnai&na! / a !as &rri$n"$s ($ "$n&!&ga. Ta+%i:n !a a*+*!ai#n ($ +an& ($ &%ra / api"a! si& $p!ia s#!& $n par"$ $!

r$i+i$n"& $&n#+i&. 7ran par"$ ($! r$i+i$n"& $s &ns$*$nia ($!

+$3&ra+i$n"& ($ !a a!i(a( ($ !a *$r'a !a%&ra! !& 0*$ in!*/$ +s $(*ai#n /

+$3&r sa!*( &n3*n"a+$n"$ &n $! pr&gr$s& "$n&!#gi& / !as $&n&+as ($ $sa!a

S1*!"' 6. Las n*$,as "$&ras s&%r$ $! r$i+i$n"& $&n#+i& in(ian 0*$ *n

ri"+& +s a$!$ra(& ($ a+%i&s "$n&!#gi&s a*+$n"a !a "asa ($ r$i+i$n"&

$&n#+i& a !arg& p!a'&. A s* ,$' !&s a+%i&s "$n&!#gi&s a*+$n"an &n +srapi($' *an(& !&s "ra%a3a(&r$s "i$n$n *n ni,$! +s a!"& ($ $(*ai#n. En

&ns$*$nia !a a*+*!ai#n ($ api"a! 1*+an& / &nr$"a+$n"$ ($

&n&i+i$n"&s ai!i"a $! ($sarr&!!& ($ n*$,as "$n&!&gas / $s *$n"$ ($ r$i+i$n"&

a*"&s&s"$ni(& A'aria(is / Dra'$n ) Barr& .

C&+& !a $(*ai#n &n"ri%*/$ a! r$i+i$n"& $&n#+i& a "ra,:s ($! inr$+$n"&

($ !a pr&(*"i,i(a( in(i,i(*a! r$s*!"an"$ ($ !a a(0*isii#n ($ ap"i"*($s / a"i"*($s /

a "ra,:s ($ !a a*+*!ai#n ($ &n&i+i$n"&s. La &n"ri%*i#n ($ !a $(*ai#n s$

p*$($ a!*!ar p&r s* $$"& $n !a pr&(*"i,i(a( 0*$ s$ +i($ &+paran(& !a

(i$r$nia ($ ingr$s&s a "ra,:s ($! "i$+p& ($ !as p$rs&nas &n / sin *n "ip&


12/39

($"$r+ina(& ($ $(*ai#n &n $! &s"& para !a $&n&+a ($ pr&(*ir $sa $(*ai#n.

Es"a +$(i(a s$ &n&$ &+& !a "as$ ($ r$n"a%i!i(a( s&ia! ($ !a in,$rsi#n $n

$(*ai#n Tasa de Retorno Social = TDR a*n0*$ n& ap"a "&(&s !&s %$n$ii&s

s&ia!$s ni "&(&s !&s $$"&s $"$rn&s. En a!g*n&s as&s p*$($ s$r (ii! +$(ir !as

"asas ($ r$n"a%i!i(a( ($ !a $(*ai#n $a!$ H a*n0*$ n& +s 0*$ !as ($&"r&s s$"&r$s &+& !a agri*!"*ra / $! "ransp&r"$ 0*$ sin $+%arg& 1an r$sis"i(& !a

pr*$%a ($ +s ($ "r$s ($$ni&s ($ *i(a(&s& $sr*"ini& S1*!"' 4. A($+s

&+& s$ &n!*/# 1a$ asi 2) a-&s !a "$&ra ($! api"a! 1*+an& n& "i$n$ *na ri,a!

a*":n"ia ($ ig*a! a!an$ / rig&r B!a*g 6.

Sin $+%arg& ($s($ $! p*n"& ($ ,is"a pr"i& $n A+:ria La"ina s&%r$ "&(& $n

@$n$'*$!a $n s* s"& ($ api"a! 1*+an& pr$para(& / a!iia(& pr$s$n"a *na

a*s$nia ($%i(& a! r$i+i$n"& a$!$ra(& ($ !a p&%!ai#n $n !&s ni,$!$s ($ ingr$s&pr$ari&s !& *a! "ra$ &+& &ns$*$nia p&%r$'a ar&n"an(& pr&%!$+as ($

($s$+p!$& 1a+%r$ / $(*ai#n p&r a!"a ($ pr$parai#n. M&"i,& p&r $! *a! $!

Es"a(& 1a &nsi($ran(& a"*a!+$n"$ in,$r"ir a !as Uni,$rsi(a($s $ ins"i"*i&n$s ($

$(*ai#n s*p$ri&r !as pri+$ras $"apas / %a1i!!$ra"& &+& &r+a(&r$s ($ api"a!

1*+an& $n *ni#n ($ !a K&n"ri%*i#nK 0*$ $$"$ a !a $&n&+a $n g$n$ra!.

Ca%$ $sp$rar $n"&n$s 0*$ $! pr&$s& ($ +$3&rar !a a!i(a( ($ !a $ns$-an'a a ni,$!

*ni,$rsi"ari& &n!!$,a a !a r*p"*ra ($ ,i$3&s para(ig+as $s p$nsar a1&ra $n *na

*ni,$rsi(a( (is$+ina(a p&r "&(&s !&s rin&n$s ($! pas para 0*$ $!!a i+p*!s$ $!

M&($!& ($ ($sarr&!!& $n(#g$n& / !&s pr&$si&na!$s 0*$ $gr$s$n ($ s*s $spai&s

s$an r"i&s &n &+pr&+is& s&ia! :"i& / p&r $n($ in"$rna!i'a(&s &n s* &n"$"&

a($+s ($ &r+ar *n s"& ($ api"a! 1*+an& para $! ($sarr&!!& ($! pas. D$

+an$ra 0*$ !a n*$,a +$"&(&!&ga ($ apr$n(i'a3$ $n r$!ai#n a !a &r+*!ai#n ($

pr&/$"&s pr&(*$ *na &+*ni#n $n"r$ !a &r+ai#n in"$gra! ($ !&s $s"*(ian"$s !a

&&p$rai#n !a in,$s"igai#n / !a ins$ri#n ($n"r& ($ s* pr&pia &+*ni(a( !& *a!

!$s p$r+i"ir &n&r+ar $0*ip&s &1$si,& 0*$ "ra%a3an $n pr& ($ !a s&!*i#n ($ *na

si"*ai#n !& 0*$ a%r$ $! a%ani& ($ a!"$rna"i,as para !a "rans&r+ai#n &ri$n"a(a a!

a+%i& 0*$ s$ g$n$r$ $! ($sarr&!!& ($ *n pr&/$"& ($ in"$rai#n S&i&FE(*a"i,a

$! *a! $s $! +ar& r$$r$nia! para 0*$ !& "$#ri& s$a !!$,a(& a !a pr"ia.

P&r &"r& !a(& $n *an"& $! ar"*!& 52 ($ !a &ns"i"*i#n B&!i,ariana ($ @$n$'*$!a !a i*(a(ana par"iipa ($ &r+a a"i,a $n !a $n !a &r+ai#n $3$*i#n /&n"r&! ($ !a g$s"i#n p%!ia. A($+s s$ as*+$ !a p!aniiai#n &+& a!"a p&!"ia($! Es"a(& &nsi($ran(& &+& %as$ *n(a+$n"a! $n $! sis"$+a ($ p!aniiai#n !a

par"iipai#n ($ !&s i*(a(an&s.Ta+%i:n !as &+*ni(a($s ($%$n &rgani'ars$ para ,ia!i'ar s*s i($as / pr&p*$s"asan"$s !&s C&n$3&s L&a!$s ($ P!aniiai#n P%!ia / C&ns$3&s C&+*na!$s L&s


13/39

*a!$s "i$n$n $n"r$ &"ras *ni&n$s ($n"r& ($! p!an +*niipa! ($ ($sarr&!!& !asp&!"ias ($ in,$rsi#n ($! pr$s*p*$s"& +*niipa! a"$n(i$n(& !as n$$si(a($s /apai(a($s ($ !a p&%!ai#n $!a%&rar *n %an& ($ (a"&s 0*$ &n"$ngan in&r+ai#na$ra ($ !&s pr&/$"&s r$*rs&s 1*+an&s / ":ni&s ($ !a s&i$(a( &rgani'a(aas &+& $,a!*ar !a $3$*i#n ($ !&s p!an$s / pr&/$"&s / $!a%&rar $! +apa ($n$$si(a($s ($! M*niipi&.L$/ ($ C&ns$3&s C&+*na!$s. L$/ ($ C&ns$3&s L&a!$s

($ P!aniiai#n.E! pr&/$"& par"iipa"i,& &+*ni"ari& $s *na pr&p*$s"a para $! %i$n$s"ar ($ *na&+*ni(a( $!a%&ra(a ":nia+$n"$. C&n"i$n$ "&(as !as a"i,i(a($s a r$a!i'ar / !a&r+a +s pr"ia / $&n#+ia ($ &+%inar r$*rs&s para "rans&r+ar *nasi"*ai#n & r$a!i(a( &nr$"a. R$0*i$r$ ($ !a par"iipai#n ($ +i$+%r&s ($ !a&+*ni(a( / $! ap&/& ($ ":ni&s & as$s&r$s as &+& ($ *ni&nari&s !&a!$s &r$gi&na!$s.L$/ ($ Pr$s*p*$s"& Nai&na! D$ a*$r(& a !&s p!an"$a+i$n"&s ($ Era'& 2 $s"&s pr&/$"&s i+p!ian 0*$ !a&+*ni(a( "$nga !a apai(a( &rgani'a"i,a / ($ r$sp*$s"as para pr&p&n$r *nasi"*ai#n (i$r$n"$ a !a 0*$ ,i,$n a"*a!+$n"$ %asa(a $n !a ,a!&rai#n ($ s*sp&si%i!i(a($s (isp&ni%i!i(a( r$a! ($ r$*rs&s / ($ s* pr&pia apai(a( ($ ai#n.

P&r !& "an"& !a p!aniiai#n $s *na 1$rra+i$n"a ":nia in(isp$nsa%!$ $n *a!0*i$rpr&/$"& *"i!i'a(a &n *na p$rsp$"i,a 0*$ n&s a/*(a a (ar s$n"i(& / ra'#n ($ s$r($! "ra%a3& &+*ni"ari&. A s* ,$' n&s p$r+i"$ 0*$ $! pr&/$"& par"a ($ *n ,$r(a($r&&n&i+i$n"& ($ !a &+*ni(a( ($ +an$ra 0*$ n&s p$r+i"$ &r($narsis"$+"ia+$n"$ !&s pas&s 0*$ ($%$+&s (ar para ($sarr&!!ar !as ai&n$s &n !as0*$ n&s $nr$n"ar$+&s !as n$$si(a($s ($"$"a(as $n !&s (iagn#s"i&s. Sin $+%arg& ($s($ $! p*n"& ($ ,is"a pr"i& !&s pr&$s&r$s as$s&r$s 0*$

i+par"$n !a *ni(a( *rri*!ar ($ pr&/$"& s&i& "$n&!#gi& n& s&!a+$n"$ ($%$

pr$s$n"ar $! p$ri! ($! pr&gra+a 0*$ !$ &rr$sp&n($ sin& 0*$ "a+%i:n ($%$ p&s$$r !a

pr$parai#n a($*a(a s&%r$ #+& ($sarr&!!ar / $,a!*ar *n pr&/$"& "an"&$&n#+i& ($ pr&(*i#n ($ in,$rsi#n p$r& pri+&r(ia!+$n"$ s&ia! ($

inra$s"r*"*ra ($ pr&gra+as s&ia!$s ($ pr&gra+as ($ sa!*( ($ $(*ai#n $".

S&%r$ !a %as$ ($ !& an"$ri&r+$n"$ $p*$s"& a%$ s$-a!ar !a n$$si(a( ($ !!$,ar a

a%& !&s pr&/$"&s s&i& "$n&!#gi&s /a 0*$ $s"& r$,is"$ ($ gran i+p&r"ania para

$! pr&$s& ($ "rans&r+ai#n ($%i(& a 0*$ *n pr&/$"& $s *na pr&p*$s"a ($ ai#n

0*$ i+p!ia !a *"i!i'ai#n ($ *n &n3*n"& ($"$r+ina(& ($ r$*rs&s para $! !&gr& ($ !&s

r$s*!"a(&s $s ($ir !a sa"isai#n ($ *na ($ !as "an"as n$$si(a($s ($ !a &+*ni(a(($! +*niipi& san ranis&.

2.2. J*s"iiai#n ($ !a In,$s"igai#n

En !as !"i+as (:a(as ($! sig!& pasa(& $! Es"a(& *$ r$(*i$n(&pr&gr$si,a+$n"$ $! gas"& $n $(*ai#n / $sp$ia+$n"$ $n !a $(*ai#n s*p$ri&r.D$s($ 8 1as"a 8 !a in,$rsi#n r$a!i'a(a $n $(*ai#n s*p$ri&r $n @$n$'*$!a*$ ($s$n($n"$ p&r r$&r"$s pr$s*p*$s"ari&s $n "&(&s !&s s$"&r$s ($! +%i"&s&ia!. En !& 0*$ s$ r$i$r$ a !a $(*ai#n s*p$ri&r $s"& &%$($a a *na $s"ra"$giapara a!!anar $! a+in& 1aia s* pri,a"i'ai#n. D$ +an$ra 0*$ s$ pr&(*3& *na a+p!ia

($*(a s&ia! a*+*!a(a p*$s $! n+$r& ($ %a1i!!$r$s insri"&s s$ $s"an#g$n$ran(& as !a $!*si#n ($ !&s $s"*(ian"$s pr&,$ni$n"$s ($ !&s s$"&r$s +sp&%r$s.Minis"$ri& ($ P!aniiai#n / D$sarr&!!& 2))


14/39

Di,$rs&s $s"*(i&s &ini($n $n air+ar 0*$ $! ingr$s& a !a $(*ai#n s*p$ri&ra,&r$i# a !&s s$"&r$s &n +a/&r$s ingr$s&s a !a p&%!ai#n ($ !as gran($si*(a($s / a !&s $s"*(ian"$s ($ !&s &!$gi&s pri,a(&s. A !a ,$' !a $(*ai#n s*p$ri&r($ g$s"i#n &iia! (is+in*/# s$nsi%!$+$n"$ s* par"iipai#n $(i$n(& !*gar a !a$(*ai#n ($ g$s"i#n pri,a(a. Minis"$ri& ($ E(*ai#n S*p$ri&r 2))5

P&r !& "an"& !a p&!"ia s&ia! ($! Es"a(& ,$n$'&!an& *$ &ri$n"a(a p&r $!

para(ig+a ($ !a &a!i'ai#n $n (&n($ s$ a"$n(an !&s pr&%!$+as &/*n"*ra!$s &n

pr&gra+as s&ia!$s ($ i+pa"& r$s"ringi(& $n a0*$!!&s gr*p&s i($n"iia(&s &+& !&s

+s ,*!n$ra%!$s */& &%3$"i,& pri+&r(ia! $ra garan"i'ar 0*$ s$ *%ri$ran !as

n$$si(a($s %sias para !a s*%sis"$nia ($ !a p$rs&na. Las p&!"ias s&ia!$s ($!

n*$,& Es"a(& ,$n$'&!an& pr&(*"& ($! pr&$s& &ns"i"*/$n"$ r$&n&$n

n$$si(a($s s&ia!$s +s a!! ($ !& +a"$ria! & ($ !a *%iai#n ($! in(i,i(*& r$n"$ a

*na !n$a i+aginaria ($ p&%r$'a. La &ns"r*i#n ($! $0*i!i%ri& s&ia! (isp*$s"& $n $!

P!an ($ D$sarr&!!& E&n#+i& / S&ia! ($ !a Nai#n i+p!ia *na n*$,a ,isi#n ($!i*(a(an& / s*s ($r$1&s $n (&n($ !a par"iipai#n pr&"ag#nia $n !a "&+a ($

($isi&n$s i+p!ia !&s r$"&s ($ !a "rans&r+ai#n / &r+ai#n. La &ns"r*i#n ($

*na s&i$(a( +s $0*i"a"i,a / 3*s"a pasa n$$saria+$n"$ p&r pr$parar a !a

p&%!ai#n &+& api"a! 1*+an& para $! $3$rii& ($ !a i*(a(ana ($ &r+a

s&%$rana inr$+$n"a(& s* ni,$! $(*a"i,& Minis"$ri& ($ P!aniiai#n / D$sarr&!!&

2))

P&r "&(& $!!& / ($%i(& a !a p&a i+p&r"ania 0*$ s$ !$ 1a %rin(a(& a !a $(*ai#ns*p$ri&r $n $! s$"&r p%!i& $! Es"a(& @$n$'&!an& a "ra,:s ($ !a Misi#n S*r$"i$n$ $! pr&p#si"& ($ r$&ri$n"ar $! r*+%& ($ !a $(*ai#n s*p$ri&r 0*$ &+& s$ 1a($s"aa(& pr$s$n"# $n !a C*ar"a R$p%!ia *na (is+in*i#n $n !a a!i(a( / $n !a$0*i(a(. La $(*ai#n s*p$ri&r $s pri+&r(ia! para $! ($sarr&!!& / +&($rni'ai#n ($!"a!$n"& 1*+an& ,$n$'&!an& $s *na pi$'a $s"ra":gia para $! ($sarr&!!& nai&na!. p&r!& *a! a! ana!i'ar !a Misi#n S*r$ p$r+i"$ a"*a!i'ar !&s (a"&s / 0*$ s$ p*$($npr$s$n"ar pr&p*$s"as 0*$ s&%r$ $!!a $is"$n para +$3&rar s* a!i(a( $n a(a *na ($s*s a!($as.2.H. O%3$"i,&s ($ !a In,$s"igai#n

2.H.. O%3$"i,& 7$n$ra!

Ana!i'ar !a i+p&r"ania ($ !a &r+ai#n ($! api"a! 1*+an& para !as %as$s "$#rias/ pr"ias $n !as $"apas ($! pr&/$"& s&i&"$n&!#gi& para s* $!a%&rai#n $n !aMisi#n S*r$ ($! +*niipi& San ?ranis& A!($a A+$n&(&r& Ur(an$"a / s*ins$ri#n $n !a &+*ni(a(.2.H.2. O%3$"i,&s Esp$i&s

Ea+inar !a $(*ai#n &+& &r+ai#n $ in,$rsi#n ($ api"a! 1*+an& $n !aMisi#n S*r$ ($! +*niipi& San ?ranis& A!($a A+$n&(&r& Ur(an$"a

Ea+inar $! pr&/$"& s&i&"$n&!#gi& ($ Misi#n S*r$ ($! +*niipi& San?ranis& A!($a A+$n&(&r& Ur(an$"a &+& +$(i& para s&!*i#n ($pr&%!$+as. / +$anis+& ($ &n$n"rai#n / g$s"i#n ($ r$*rs&s.


15/39

2.H.4. D$!i+i"ai#n $spaia! / T$+p&ra!

La pr$s$n"$ in,$s"igai#n "i$n$ &+& pr&p#si"&ana!i'ar !a i+p&r"ania ($ !a&r+ai#n ($! api"a! 1*+an& a "ra,:s($! pr&/$"& s&i& "$n&!#gi& 0*$ s$ ins$r"an$n !a &+*ni(a( ($! M*niipi& San ?ranis&. Es"a in,$s"igai#n s$ !!$,ara a a%& $n *n !aps& ($ "i$+p& apr&i+a(& ($ *a"r&

4 +$s$s &+pr$n(i(&s $n"$ $! +$s ($ 3*ni& ($! 2)) 1as"a $! +$s ($ s$p"i$+%r$($! 2)). As +is+& $! $s"*(i& $s" $n+ara(& $n $! r$a ?&r+ai#n ($ Capi"a!*+an& / ($ !&s pr&/$"&s s&i&"$n&!&gi&s 0*$ s$ s*s"$n"a $n !&s a*"&r$ssig*i$n"$s 7ar/ B$$r Ra+#n ?$%r$r& P$(r& S1ar"' Ja,i$r @$n"*ra ;&!an(aD$!ia J1&n @a!'a/ M. B!a*g / &"r&s 0*$ s$rn "ra"a(&s (*ran"$ $! ($sarr&!!& ($ !ain,$s"igai#n.

CAPITULO III

6. Mr+o T&3r"+o

H.. An"$$($n"$s ($ !a In,$s"igai#n Para $$"&s ($ (&*+$n"ai#n s$ "*,& &+& !i+i"an"$ !a $is"$nia ($ "ra%a3&s &ar"*!&s ($ in,$s"igai&n$s an"$ri&r$s r$$ri(a a! p*n"& ($ in,$s"igai#n ($! a"*a!"ra%a3& ($ pasan"a */& &%3$"& ($ $s"*(i& &+pr$n($ Ana!i'ar ($ !a &r+ai#n ($!

api"a! 1*+an& para !as %as$s para !as %as$s "$#rias / pr"ias $n !as $"apas ($!pr&/$"& s&i&"$n&!#gi& ($n"r& ($ !a Misi#n S*r$ ($! +*niipi& San ?ranis&A!($a A+$n&(&r& Ur(an$"a / s* ins$ri#n $n !a &+*ni(a( a%aran(& a(a *n&($ !&s pas&s $n $! pr&$s& ($ a+%i& (irigi(& p&r $! 7&%i$rn& Nai&na!. P&r !& "an"&s$ r$a!i'ara pri+$r& !a r$,isi#n !i"$raria ($ !a &r+ai#n ($! api"a! 1*+an& / asp&($r &+pr$n($r s* r$!ai#n &n !&s pr&/$"&s s&i&"$n&!&gi&s $n !a Misi#nS*r$.H..2. ?&r+ai#n ($ Capi"a! 1*+an&

S$ *$n"a &n $! ap&r"$ (&*+$n"a!/&) M*",!&r Cr)o, L9+#o H&rr&r ,'

"#5&,!"*+"3#C("!) H'm#o/& ) F+')!/ /& E+o#om0? U#"5&r,"// /& LH=#. C'= 2o 4@@6&%s$r,& !&s a+%i&s $p$ri+$n"a(&s $n !&s (&s !"i+&s

sig!&s p&r !as &rgani'ai&n$s / s* $n"&rn& s&n +*1&s / $,i($n"$s. E! +$ra(& !a

$s"ra"$gia !a pr&(*i#n !&s pr&$s&s !a 3$rar0*a !a (ir$i#n .!a (ir$i#n ($

p$rs&nas "&(& 1a s*ri(& pr&*n(as "rans&r+ai&n$s 0*$ 1an ($ri,a(& $n !& 0*$

1&/ &n&$+&s &+& n*$,a $&n&+a *n n*$,& n$g&i& n*$,as "$n&!&gas ($

in&r+ai#n / &+*niai#n &n&i+i$n"& ($ !as p$rs&nas $n ai#n. A1&ra %i$n

$n $s"&s a+%i&s "&(a,a 1a/ *n $!$+$n"& 0*$ 1a $,&!*i&na(& +$(iana+$n"$ $n$! +%i"& ($ !a r$!$i#n "$#ria &n r$!ai#n a !a g$s"i#n &rgani'ai&na! $! 1*+an&


16/39

,$r(a($r& a"&r ($"$r+inan"$ ($ !a n*$,a $&n&+a p$r& an $is"$n +*1as

&n"ra(ii&n$s a$ra ($ s* pap$! ,a!&rai#n / &r+a ($ g$s"i#n $n !a s&i$(a( $n

0*$ ,i,i+&s.

A*n0*$ 1a/ +*1as in"$rpr$"ai&n$s p&sii&n$s &n$pi&n$s $&n#+ias & n&a$ra ($! Capi"a! *+an& &+& *n& ($ !&s asp$"&s 0*$ ana!i'a !a g$s"i#n / ,a!&r($ !as p$rs&nas $n *na &rgani'ai#n. Sin $+%arg& $n !a !i"$ra"*ra $s &+nr$!ai&nar a $s"a n*$,a &r+a ($ api"a! a p$rs&nas ($ *na &rgani'ai#n &&nsi($rar!& &+& *n r$*rs& ($ !a &rgani'ai#n *"i!i'an(& $! &n$p"& "ra(ii&na!($ r$*rs&s 1*+an&s. Es +*/ &+n r$$rirs$ a! Capi"a! *+an& &+& !as*a!i(a($s / ara"$rs"ias ($ !as p$rs&nas ($ *na &rgani'ai#n & s$a s*sasp$"&s in"angi%!$s p&r $3$+p!& !a &r+ai#n $(*ai#n $s&!ari'ai#n $!&n&i+i$n"& sa!*( &n(ii&n$s ($ ,i(a / "ra%a3& in&r+ai#n $". / *an(& s$"ra"a ($ !&s asp$"&s "angi%!$s $n !a &rgani'ai#n &+& an"i(a( sa!ari&

&n"ra"ai#n 3*%i!ai#n $". $n"&n$s !& &nsi($ran r$*rs&s 1*+an&s.E! ap&r"$ &%"$ni(& &n !a !i"$ra"*ra a"*a! *$ !a pr&*n(i'ai#n $n !as&n$pi&n$s $ in"$rpr$"ai&n$s ($! Capi"a! *+an& / *n $3$+p!& ($ $!!& $s $!!!a+a(& Capi"a! In"$!$"*a! / $n s* g$s"i#n $n $! *a! s$ !$ asigna a! Capi"a! 1*+an&$! pap$! pri+&r(ia! ($ !a g$s"i#n / ($sarr&!!& ($ !&s r$*rs&s in"angi%!$s 0*$ $! a*"&rp!an"$a. Ta+%i:n s$ &%s$r,& $n !a !i"$ra"*ra a"*a! *n a+%i& $n !as p&sii&n$s ($ !a!!a+a(a g$s"i#n ($ !&s r$*rs&s 1*+an&s apr&i+n(&s$ a &n$pi&n$s /aas*+i(as p&r $! Capi"a! *+an& &+& $s p&r $3$+p!& !a g$s"i#n p&r &+p$"$nias.

D'57# Em")"o Rm0r&9 O,("# 4@@6 r&)"9o &) !r=-o /& "#5&,!"*+"3#.C("!) H'm#o +omo F+!or /& Cr&+"m"!o E+o#3m"+o: C,o D&(r!m!o/& C)/, Co)om="? 2o 16 4@@6.

Es"$ $s"*(i& "*,& &+& pr&p#si"& r$&n&$r 0*$ para !a $p!iai#n ($ i$r"&s$n#+$n&s +ar&$&n#+i&s &+& p&r $3$+p!& $! r$i+i$n"& ($! ingr$s&nai&na! $s n$$sari& in!*ir a($+s ($ !&s a"&r$s api"a! / "ra%a3& *n "$r$ra"&r 0*$ &nsi($ra $! &n3*n"& ($ 1a%i!i(a($s / apai(a($s ($ !&s "ra%a3a(&r$s!!a+a(& api"a! 1*+an& $! *a! !& ($in$ &+& $! &n&i+i$n"& !as &+p$"$nias /&"r&s a"ri%*"&s 0*$ p&s$$n !&s in(i,i(*&s / 0*$ r$s*!"an r$!$,an"$s a !a a"i,i(a($&n#+ia &nsi($rn(&!& "a+%i:n &+& !a a*+*!ai#n ($ in,$rsi&n$s an"$ri&r$s$n $(*ai#n &r+ai#n $n $! "ra%a3& sa!*( / &"r&s a"&r$s 0*$ p$r+i"$n a*+$n"ar!a pr&(*"i,i(a(. Para !a ($inii#n ($! Capi"a! *+an& ($%$n "$n$rs$ $n *$n"a"&(&s !&s a"ri%*"&s 1*+an&s n& s#!& a ni,$! ($ $(*ai#n sin& "a+%i:n $! gra(& $n$! *a! *na p$rs&na $s apa' ($ p&n$r $n ai#n pr&(*"i,a *n a+p!i& rang& ($

1a%i!i(a($s / apai(a($s $n"$n(i$n(& p&r apai(a( !a p&"$nia para $! ($sarr&!!&($ !&s pr&$s&s +$n"a!$s s*p$ri&r$s +$+&ria p$nsa+i$n"& / !$ng*a3$ p&r1a%i!i(a( $n"$n($+&s !a &r+a &+& s$ &p$rai&na!i'an !&s pr&$s&s +$n"a!$ss*p$ri&r$s !&s *a!$s s$ +anii$s"an $n !as (i$r$n"$s &r+as ($ &n&i+i$n"&a*+*!a(&s 0*$ p$r+i"$n a s* p&s$$(&r ($sarr&!!ar $ia'+$n"$ (i,$rsasa"i,i(a($s para !&grar r$i+i$n"& ($ !a pr&(*"i,i(a( Es"a in,$s"igai#n s$-a!a(& in& a"&r$s &+& ap&r"$ 0*$ &n"ri%*/an a +$3&rar!a apai(a( 1*+ana as< . E0*ip&s / s$r,ii&s ($ sa!*( a+p!ia+$n"$ &n$%i(&spara 0*$ in!*/an "&(&s !&s gas"&s 0*$ a$"an !a $p$"a"i,a ($ ,i(a *$r'ar$sis"$nia ,ig&r ,i"a!i(a( ($ *n p*$%!&. 2. ?&r+ai#n $n $! p*$s"& ($ "ra%a3&in!*/$n(& $! apr$n(i'a3$ a! ,i$3& $s"i!& &rgani'a(& p&r !as $+pr$sas. H. La$(*ai#n &r+a! &rgani'a(a $n $! ni,$! $!$+$n"a! s$*n(ari& / s*p$ri&r. 4. L&spr&gra+as ($ $s"*(i& para a(*!"&s 0*$ n& $s"n &rgani'a(&s p&r !as $+pr$sasin!*/$n(& !&s pr&gra+as ($ $"$nsi#n. 5. La $+igrai#n ($ in(i,i(*&s / a+i!ias


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para a3*s"ars$ a !as a+%ian"$s &p&r"*ni(a($s ($ "ra%a3&. La a(0*isii#n ($ !&s$!$+$n"&s $(*a"i,&s 0*$ p$r+i"an $! apr$n(i'a3$ &+p!$3& $n gra(&s r$i$n"$s /*n $s"a(& ($ sa!*( 0*$ &n"ri%*/a a !a pr&!&ngai#n ($ !a $is"$nia &n a!i(a( ($,i(a $s $! p*n"& ($ par"i(a ($ *n pr&$s& ($ a*+*!ai#n ($ api"a! 1*+an& a!*a! n& s$ !$ p$ri%$ *n !+i"$ $n s* $pansi#n. La &+p!$3i(a( ($ !&s &n&i+i$n"&s/ ($s"r$'as n$$sari&s $,&!*i&na ($ a*$r(& a !&s pr&gr$s&s "$n&!#gi&s / !a ,i(a

s$ pr&!&nga a +$(i(a 0*$ $s&s a,an$s "$n&!#gi&s s$ ap!ian a !a +$(iina / a !asa!*( ($ !as p$rs&nas $n *n r*!& $pansi,& 0*$ n& sa%$+&s si a!g*na ,$'"$n(r in. En "&(& as& n& %as"a &n 0*$ $is"a *n Ks"&K ($ api"a! 1*+an&(isp&ni%!$ $n *na s&i$(a( para 0*$ :s"$ &nsiga ($ +an$ra in+$(ia"a !a$pansi#n $&n#+ia / $! ($sarr&!!& in"$gra!+$n"$ &n$%i(&. Para 0*$ $s"&&*rra $s n$$sari& 0*$ $! Capi"a! *+an& $n*$n"r$ *na ap!ia%i!i(a( $&n#+iaa "ra,:s ($! +$ra(&. En !a pr"ia $s"& r$pr$s$n"a 0*$ !as p$rs&nas &+&&ns$*$nia ($ s* +a/&r &r+ai#n / sa!*( $n*$n"r$n !as &p&r"*ni(a($s 0*$ !$p$r+i"an +$3&rar s* ($s$+p$-& $n $! "ra%a3& inr$+$n"an(& !a pr&(*"i,i(a( / a"ra,:s ($ :s"a i+p*!sar $! r$i+i$n"& ($ !a $&n&+a. As ,is"& $! Capi"a! *+an&"$n(ra 0*$ r$p$r*"ir a a,&r ($ a(a p$rs&na 0*$ $s pr&pi$"ariaK ($ $sas

apai(a($s +$(ian"$ *na +$3&ra ($ s*s r$n"as / $n a,&r ($! pr&gr$s& $&n#+i&g$n$ra! +$(ian"$ $! r$i+i$n"& ($! pr&(*"&. Para &ns$g*ir!& !a p&!"ia$&n#+ia ($%$ &n$%ir $! api"a! 1*+an& &+& *n a"i,& 0*$ &n"ri%*/$ a!r$i+i$n"& pr&+&,i$n(& !a K$+p!$a%i!i(a(K ($ !a +an& ($ &%ra / r$an(& !as&n(ii&n$s para 0*$ !as p$rs&nas !!$,$n a !a pr"ia s* Kapai(a( ($ $+pr$n($rKE! pr&gr$s& "$n&!#gi& / $&n#+i& &n!!$,a *na (in+ia ($ a+%i& a$!$ra(&.T&(& pr&$s& ($ r$i+i$n"& rpi(& i+p!ia a s* ,$' *n a+%i& $s"r*"*ra! $n 0*$!&s s$"&r$s $&n#+i&s !($r$s ,an 0*$(an(& &%s&!$"&s p&r !a $n"ra(a ($ n*$,&ss$"&r$s +s (in+i&s 0*$ as*+$n $! r$!$,& $n $! !i($ra'g&. P&r !& "an"& !asara"$rs"ias ($ !a K$+p!$a%i!i(a(K $n"$n(i(a &+& !a apai(a( ($ !as p$rs&naspara $n&n"rar *n $+p!$& 0*$ r$"ri%*/a s*s apai(a($s !a%&ra!$s "a+%i:n s$"rans&r+an a(a ,$' 0*$ s$ &+p!$"a *n i!& "$n&!#gi& $n !a $&n&+a. Si *nap$rs&na aspira a inr$+$n"ar !as r$n"as ($ s* "ra%a3& ($ *na +an$ra &ns"an"$ /pr&gr$si,a "$n(r 0*$ a($*ar s* $+p!$a%i!i(a( & s$a !as ara"$rs"ias ($ s*api"a! 1*+an& a !&s i!&s "$n&!#gi&s 0*$ &*rran a !& !arg& ($ s* ,i(a. ;+i$n"ras +s !arga s$a s* ,i(a +s pr&%a%i!i(a($s "$n(rn ($ ,i,ir *n +a/&rn+$r& ($ i!&s "$n&!#gi&s 0*$ !$ &%!ig*$n a a($*ar !as ara"$rs"ias ($ s*api"a! 1*+an& ,i:n(&s$ $n !a &%!igai#n r$*rr$n"$ ($ as*+ir !&s &s"$s ($+an"$n$r $! ,a!&r $&n#+i& ($ s* api"a! 1*+an&. A!g& si+i!ar pasa &n !aapai(a( ($ $+pr$n($r ($ "&+ar iniia"i,as.H..H. Pr&/$"& S&i&"$n&!&gi&s

C&n r$$r$nia a $s"$ p*n"& s$ *$n"a &n $! ap&r"$ (&*+$n"a! ($ *n pr&/$"& ($in,$s"igai#n r$a!i'a(& para !a +isi#n s*r$ 0*$ $s"*(iara !a &r+*!ai#n /$!a%&rai#n ($ !&s pr&/$"&s s&i& "$n&!#gi&s "a! $s &) !r=-o /& )o, (ro$&,or&,C%+"# Ro,##. Ro/r0*'&9 B&!,=& 4@@; r&)"9ro# '# &,!'/"o? +'o !0!')o&, Pro&+!o I. E! pr&p#si"& ($ $s"$ $s"*(i& &nsis"i# $n 1a$r *na r$,isi#n /an!isis ($! pr&$(i+i$n"& / $!a%&rai#n ($ !&s pr&/$"&s ($ in,$rsi#n p$r& s&%r$"&(& s&ia! ($ +an$ra 0*$ $! par"iipan"$ s$r apa' a "ra,:s ($ &%s$r,ai&n$ssis"$+"ias / r$!$i,as 0*$ !$ p$r+i"an p&r *n !a(& $$"*ar $! (iagn&s"i& ($ s*a+%i$n"$ / ($ ins$ri#n s&i&F!a%&ra! ($ s* &+*ni(a( ($! r$a a(+inis"ra"i,aap!ian(& !&s (&+ini&s paria!$s a(0*iri(&s $n !as *ni(a($s *rri*!ar$s g$n$ra!$s /$sp$ia!i'a(as "ra%a3a(as 1as"a !&s +&+$n"&s $n !a +isi#n s*r$.

E! ap&r"$ &%"$ni(& para a!an'ar $! pr&p#si"& ($ $s"a in,$s"igai#n *$ !ar$a!i'ai#n (&*+$n"a! ($ %as$s "$#rias 0*$ sir,i$ran ($ %as$ para $!$s"a%!$i+i$n"& ($ *na n*$,a +$"&(&!&ga ($ &r+*!ai#n $,a!*ai#n ($ pr&/$"&s


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a3*s"a(a a !a a+p!i"*( ($ *n sis"$+a ($ p!aniiai#n $n $! ($sarr&!!& ($ !&spr&/$"&s s&i& "$n&!#gi&s &n ins$ri#n ($ !&s $s"*(ian"$s ($ +isi#n s*r$ 1aia!a &+*ni(a( !& 0*$ p$r+i"ir &%"$n$r &+& r$s*!"a(& !a a"i%i!i(a( / ,ia%i!i(a( ($$s"&s as &+& !a i+p!an"ai#n ($ $s"a n*$,a +$"&(&!&ga &+& &r+ai#n&%!iga"&ria a ni,$! ($ $(*ai#n s*p$ri&r

B,&, T&3r"+,

H.2.F E&n&+a ($ !a E(*ai#n En $! "rans*rrir ($ !&s a-&s an"$s 0*$ !&s n$&!si&s 1a%!arn ($! "$+a.E! Capi"a! *+an& pas# a p!an&s &rgani'ai&na!$s / nai&na!$s a! s$r r$$ri(&%i$n &+& a(3$"i,& a!iia"i,& ($ *na ai#n &+& n&+%r$ pas# a r$$rirs$ a !&s&n(&s $+p!$a(&s $n !a p*$s"a $n +ar1a ($ *na $+pr$sa $n p!an& nai&na! $!Capi"a! "a+%i:n *$ *sa(& &+& $! (in$r& ir*!an"$ ($ *na nai#n. P$r& $! ":r+in&($ Capi"a! a +i 3*ii& s$ !$ asigna +s $n &n"$"&s $&n#+i&s p&r s* *s&&"i(ian& / p&r *n pr&%!$+a ($ +&($!& +$n"a! p$r& n& $s pa"ri+&ni& ($$&n&+is"as ni $(*a(&r$s ni i!#s&&s ni a(+inis"ra(&r$s ni s&i#!&g&s $". $s($ "&(as !as i$nias / ($ !a *!"*ra $pr$si,a / !ings"ia ($! s$r 1*+an& $! *a!($p$n($ ($! &n"$"& 0*$ s$ $n*$n"ra $s p&r $!!& 0*$ !& ,$+&s $n !as $pr$si&n$s

Capi"a! ($ +i pas r$iri:n(&s$ $n ":r+in&s g$&gri&s P$na Capi"a! r$iri:n(&s$$n ":r+in&s 3*r(i&s p$a(& api"a! $n ":r+in&s r$!igi&s&s / as $n +*1&s &"r&s&n"$"&s. D$%$+&s i3arn&s 0*$ si$+pr$ s$ r$i$r$n a !& +s signiia"i,& &+i+& $n $! &n"$"&. D$ a0* s$ ($spr$n($ 0*$ !as $pr$si&n$s +*/ *sa(asa"*a!+$n"$ &+& api"a! s&ia! api"a! in"$!$"*a! Capi"a! *+an& $". (an !a i($a($! $+is&r 0*$ !& *sa / a! r$$p"&r $n $! &n"$"& 0*$ s$ $+p!$a &+& !& +si+p&r"an"$ / signiia"i,&. @$n"*ra 2))H.

A1&ra %i$n ($ !& an"$ri&r+$n"$ (i1& $! Capi"a! pr&$($ ($! !a"n ap*"Lar&*ss$ 2))2 0*$ signiia a%$'a. Si in"$rpr$"a+&s Capi"a! *+an& ($! La"nsigniiara a%$'a 1*+ana p*$s 1*+an& pr&$($ ($! La"n< 1*+an (&n($ $s"&n$n"ra(a !a in"$!ig$nia 1*+ana s* psi0*is / s*s ,a!&r$s *n(a+$n"a!$s a*n0*$($%$ra+&s a-a(ir &"r&s asp$"&s n& +$n&s i+p&r"an"$s si&s / %i&!#gi&s. Esaa%$'a a 0*$ s$ r$i$r$ !a &+%inai#n ($! !a"n ap*" / 1*+an n& $s *na a%$'a($ *n ani+a! *a!0*i$ra $s !a ($! s$r 1*+an& 0*$ a($+s $s apa' ($ pr&(*ir /r$ar n*$,as ri0*$'as para s* s*p$r,i,$nia s* n$$si(a($s sias / +$n"a!$s$&n#+ias *!"*ra!$s $". P*$s $! 1&+%r$ n& s$ &n"$n"ar &n p$sar para s* a!i+$n"ai#n & pr&(*ir&"r&s %i$n$s ($ri,a(&s / apr&,$1ar ($ !a p$sa "&(&s s*s %$n$ii&s para s*s*p$r,i,$nia / $!$,ai#n ($! ni,$! ($ ,i(a ($ a*$r(& a s*s n$$si(a($s !ain"$rai#n &n $! $n"&rn& / s* *!"*ra. Si n& 0*$ ($n"r& ($ !as ri0*$'as ($! 1&+%r$$s" s* *!"*ra &n !a 0*$ $! 1&+%r$ a-a($ ,a!&r s$gn s*s +&(&s ($ p$nsar r$$r

/ 1a$r &sas $n $! sis"$+a %asa(& $n s*s ,a!&r$s &+p&r"a+i$n"&s

as*ni&n$s

2

/ r$$niasH0*$ &r+an par"$ ($ s* *!"*ra. Es"a ,aria%!$ *!"*ra $s *n i3a(&r ($!as ai&n$s 0*$ ($sarr&!!a $! 1&+%r$. P&nga+&s *n $3$+p!& $n"r$ +*1&s. Sin *na*!"*ra ($ a!i(a( $n !a p$rs&na * &rgani'ai#n s$r +*/ p&& pr&%a%!$ 0*$ s*"ra%a3& !& r$a!i$ sis"$+"ia+$n"$ &n ($"$ni+i$n"& pr$a*i#n $s+$r& / &"r&s$!$+$n"&s 0*$ a-a(ira *na p$rs&na 0*$ p&s$a $sa *!"*ra ($ a!i(a( $s *n&+p&r"a+i$n"&

E! Capi"a! *+an& $s a"*a!+$n"$ *na $pr$si#n +*/ *"i!i'a(a p&r !&s$&n&+is"as $! *a! a par"ir ($ !&s a+%i&s &rgani'ai&na!$s / $! r&! pri+&r(ia! 0*$

1

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$! &n&i+i$n"& / $! "a!$n"& 1*+an& 3*$ga $n !a N*$,a E&n&+a. E! p$nsa+i$n"&$&n#+i& g$n$ra! &ni%$ $! api"a! g$n$ra!+$n"$ &+& *n &n3*n"& ($ a"i,&s =$s"& $s &sas 0*$ p*$($n s$r apr&pia(as / apa$s ($ a*+$n"ar.

E! ":r+in& Capi"a! *+an& s$ +$ni&na $n &asi&n$s &+& *na &r+a ($ api"a!in(ian(& &n $!!& apr&,$1a+i$n"& a! +i+& ($! ap&r"$ 1*+an& a! 0*$ &+&

a"i,& in"angi%!$ s$ !$ asigna *n ,a!&r / s$ &nsi($ra &+& api"a!.Para !&s $&n&+is"as !si&s Capi"a! $s ri0*$'a *"i!i'a(a $n !a pr&(*i#n ($+s ri0*$'a & ri0*$'a $n pr&$s& ($ in"$ra+%i&.P$r& "&(& $! as& api"a! $s ri0*$'a. A(a+ S+i"1

Para !&s +aris"as Capi"a! $s *na r$!ai#n s&ia! ($ pr&(*i#n $n !a *a! $!"ra%a3& $s *$n"$ / ,a!&r ($ !as ri0*$'as D$ !& (i1& $n !&s (&s prra&s an"$ri&r$ss&n $n"r& ($ p&!:+ias $n"r$ (&s p&sii&n$s &n"rap*$s"as a$ra ($! api"a! !apri+$ra !$ p&(r$+&s !!a+ar ($ !&s.F n& +aris"as / a! s$g*n(& ($ !&s +aris"as. Esp&r $!!& 0*$ !a pa!a%ra Vapi"a!W $n $! &n"$"& ($! an!isis "$#ri& "ra$ !as +a/&r$s&n"ra(ii&n$s / (is*si&n$s. P$r& In(*(a%!$+$n"$ para a%&r(ar $s"$ signiia"i,& ":r+in& ($ VCapi"a!W 1a/ 0*$

"$n$r $n *$n"a *n(a+$n"a!+$n"$ En !&s $sri"&s ($ Mar s&%r$ "&(& $! pri+$r"&+& ($ s* +s a+&sa &%ra a$ra ($! "$+a E! Capi"a!. En $! an!isis ($ !a+$rana pri+$r& ($sp*:s ($! (in$r& / ina!+$n"$ ($! api"a! / "&(& s* pr&$s&Mar r$,$!a !a na"*ra!$'a ($ *n $n#+$n& par"i*!ar 0*$ &*!"a !a r$a!i(a( ($ !as&sas $&n#+ias %a3& *n $n,&!"&ri& 0*$ r$(*n(a $n !a 3*s"iiai#n / $p!iai#n($ !a g$n$rai#n ($ !a ri0*$'a $n $! api"a!is+& &+& &%ra ($! api"a! / n& ($!"ra%a3& B!a*g 6 In"$rpr$"an(& a Mar $n !a ($inii#n ($! ,a!&r s$ $s"a%!$$ !a &ns"r*i#n "$#ria($ *n $"i1$ 0*$ &*!"a a! s$r 1*+an& &+& *na +$rana $! "ra%a3& / $! api"a!/ $! 1$1& ($ 0*$ $s $! "ra%a3& !a nia *$n"$ ($ ri0*$'a / ,a!&ri'ai#n 0*$ !&apar$n"$ !& ,*$!,$ r$a! 0*$ !& pr&(*i(& $n !as r$!ai&n$s s&ia!$s !& &n,i$r"$ $nna"*ra! 0*$ +is"iia !a r$a!i(a( / +$(ian"$ *na $sp$i$ ($ 1$1i'& p&r !a *$r'a ($!a pa!a%ra / ($! &%3$"& "rans&r+a !a a*+*!ai#n p&r !a a*+*!ai#n $n ,ir"*( / $!api"a! ($ s$r +$rana r*"& ($! "ra%a3& s$ K,*$!,$K pr&(*"&r / pr&pi$"ari& ($ !&pr&(*i(& p&r $! "ra%a3&. La "$&ra +aris"a arg*+$n"a a($+s 0*$< En !apr&(*i#n / s*s r$!ai&n$s "$n&!#gias p&r *n !a(& s$ "i$n$ !a "rans&r+ai#n ($+a"$rias pri+as $n pr&(*"&s / p&r &"r& !a(& !a "rans+isi#n ($ 1a%i!i(a($s / "ip&s ($&n&i+i$n"&s ($ *n "ra%a3a(&r para &"r& +&(iian(& 1a%i!i(a($s / &n&i+i$n"&s&n $!!& r$an(& n*$,as ri0*$'as +$(ian"$ $! "ra%a3&. A $s"$ ap&r"$ ($ ,a!&r Mar !$($n&+in# Tra%a3& 7$n$ra!. Es *na p&sii#n +aris"a +*/ ,!i(a $n n*$s"r&s (as.Mi$n"ras 0*$ !&s $&n&+is"as ($ !a :p&a s$ r$i$r$n a! Capi"a! *+an& / !& "ra"an

($ !a sig*i$n"$ &r+a


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a!an'a(a &n +$3&ras $n !as apai(a($s ($ !&s "ra%a3a(&r$s. ; $s"as apai(a($sr$a!'a(as s$ a(0*i$r$n &n $! $n"r$na+i$n"& !a $(*ai#n / !a $p$ri$nia. Es ($irs$ r$i$r$ a! &n&i+i$n"& pr"i& !as 1a%i!i(a($s a(0*iri(as / !as apai(a($sapr$n(i(as ($ *n in(i,i(*& 0*$ !& 1a$n p&"$nia!+$n"$ "i!.

Para &n"in*ar 1aia !as i($as a"*a!$s ($! Capi"a! *+an& ($%$+&s a%&r(ar aa0*$!!&s a*"&r$s 0*$ ($s($ 1a$ ,arias (:a(as 1ii$r&n ,a!$r s*s &n&i+i$n"&s

s&%r$ $! "$+a / +arar&n pa*"a n&s r$$rir$+&s $n"r$ $!!&s a 7ar/ B$$r / T. .S1*!"'.En $! pr$+i& N&%$! ($ $&n&+a *$ &n$(i(& a T1$&(&r$ S1*!"' / a SirAr"1*r L$is /a a+%&s a!!$i(&s p&r s*s r$,&!*i&narias "$&ras s&%r$ !&s &s"&s!a%&ra!$s. S$-a!a%a S1*!"' / L$is< La (ispari(a( $n"r$ pas$s ($sarr&!!a(&s &n *na &$r"a !i+i"a(a ($ "ra%a3& / !&spas$s $n ,as ($ ($sarr&!!& &n *na i!i+i"a(a 1a r$a(& *na $sp$i$ ($ n*$,&V&!&nia!is+& $&n#+i&W.

S*s i($as n& a!ar&n 1as"a prinipi&s ($ !&s n&,$n"a !as *a!$s 7ar/ B$$rr$*$r'a $n 2 C*an(& r$i%$ $! pr$+i& N&%$! ($ E&n&+a p&r s*s "$&ras

s&%r$ Capi"a! *+an&. B$$r $n s* !i%r& *+an Capi"a! A T1$&r$sia! an(E+piria! An!isis i"1 $sp$ia! r$$r$n$ "& E(*a"i&n = s$&n( $(i"i&nF P*%!ia(&p&r a*$r(& &n C&!*+%ia Uni,$rsi"/ Pr$ss N$ ;&r 5 $p&n$ i+p&r"an"$si($as a$ra ($! Capi"a! *+an& 0*$ 1&/ (a p*$($n "$n$r *na ,ig$niasigniia"i,a.B$$r $n *n& ($ s*s +s r$i$n"$s ar"*!&s La In,$rsi#n $n Ta!$n"& &+& ,a!&r($ *"*r& ($in$ Capi"a! *+an&.

D$n"r& ($! Capi"a! *+an& ($ *na p$rs&na $is"$n !&s r$*rs&s si&s / +$n"a!$s0*$ $s"n $n &r+a pasi,a $n r$!ai#n &n s*s ri0*$'as. Es ($ir *an(& !a p$rs&na

&n s*s apai(a($s &n&i+i$n"& $n ai#n *"i!i'a $n *na a"i,i(a( s$a s&ia! &pr&(*"i,a $s&s r$*rs&s 0*$ p&s$$ p&r $3$+p!& $n !a inn&,ai#n !a p$rs&naa-a($ & r$a ,a!&r.

En &"r& &n"$"& *na $n$r+$ra a *n $n$r+& gra,$ !$ +*$s"ra *na s&nrisa ($ap&/& !$ a-a($ ,a!&r a s* s$r,ii&. Bas"a *n s$n"i+i$n"& pr&pi& ($ !&s ,a!&r$s1*+an&s 0*$ &r+an par"$ ($ s*s ri0*$'as. N& &%s"an"$ n& si$+pr$ $s$ Capi"a!*+an& 0*$ p&s$$n !as p$rs&nas $s *"i!i'a(& para $! %i$n ($ &"ras & ($ !a s&i$(a(s$ p&(ran p&n$r +!"ip!$s $3$+p!&s.

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@$n"*ra Ja,i$r 2))H. P&r,(&+!"5, E+o#3m"+, /& ) E/'++"3#. 2(a $(ii#n.E(ii&n$s ($ !a Uni,$rsi"a" ($ Bar$!&na PP H2F8?$%r$r& Ra+#n S1ar"' P$(r& 2)) L E,+" /& B&+&r. 2( $(ii#n.Tra(*i(& p&r< E(i"&ria! Ari$!. Bar$!&na Espa-a E(i"&ria! Ari$! S.A pp. 6F6)B!a*g M 6. E/'++"3# ) E+o#om0 2(a $(ii#n. Tra(*i(& R*i' Ap&!&ni&Ma(ri( Espa-a. E(i"&ria!$s T$n&s pp.5FH5@a!'$/ J1&n E+o#om0 Po)0!"+ /& ) E/'++"3#? 2(a $(ii#n Tra(*i(& p&r+#"+, /& "#5&,!"*+"3# So+")? T&or0, E-&r+"+"o, ,a$(ii#n E(i"&ria! Paranin& Ma(ri( Espa-a.M:n($' Car!&s. 2))H M&!o/o)o*0 /& ) "#5&,!"*+"3#.$rnn($' ?$rnn($' Bap"is"a 2))H I#!ro/'++"3# ) m&!o/o)o*0 /&"#5&,!"*+"3# 2,a $(ii#n E(i"&ria! Li+*sa. M:i& M:i&.C1ain R&sanna B$"sa%$ R&(rg*$' 2))6 Pro&+!o I P#$ A/m"#",!r+"3#?Pri+$ra $(ii#n E(i"a(& p&r Minis"$ri& ($ E(*ai#n S*p$ri&rF Misi#n S*r$Caraas @$n$'*$!a pp. F6$rr$ra Car!&s 2))6 C("!) H'm#o? =',+ /& '# +o#!&!o? ^nia $(ii#n

?a*!"a(. ($ E&n&+a Uni,$rsi(a( ($ La a%ana $F+ai! [email protected]@fec.uh.cu pp. 2F42R&(rg*$' B$a"ri' ?$r+n S&a 2))6EVALUACIN DEL IMPACTO SOCIALDE LA MISIN SUCRE. CASO: ALDEAS UNIVERSITARIAS , Trabajo de Grado

presentado a la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politcnica de laFuerza Armada Nacional,Caracas enezuela!"inisterio del Poder Popular de Educaci#n $uperior %&''() Polticas, Programas Estrat!gias "! laE"#caci$% V!%!&ola%a, I%'orm! Nacio%al "! la R!()*lica +oliaria%a "! V!%!!la,Editado A*osto &''+, Caracas enezuela, pp! &-.Minis"$ri& ($ E(*ai#n S*p$ri&r Misi#n S*r$ 2)) D",(o,"+"o#&, E(i"a(&S$p"i$+%r$ 2))6 Caraas @$n$'*$!a pp. HF54

A/s& A!%$r"& 2))5 @a!&r/& )o, I#!#*"=)&,? C("!) H'm#o? C("!) R+"o#)T&+a(& ($ 1"pp[s1".&+.ar[ar1i,&["$+as[in"angi%!$s.1"!+ $! 2[[2))5

S1*!"' 6 T&or0, /&) Cr&+"m"!o E+o#3m"+o? E5o)'+"3# T&3r"+ ,o=r& &)
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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