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SLNQC_PNFGF

PC×M_ FC PNXÇL

AG@SEVGF FC DSBGLNFGFCP

CP@SCEG G@GFÎBN@M X_MACPNMLGE FCXPN@MEMJÂG

―QGENFC[ ^ @MLANGONENFGF‒ 

X_MACPM_ ; En`, _mocrvm Meg{goge Omjjnm

NLVCJ_GLVCP ;@gbxmp @grrgp`m Bgr`ceg

Eðxc{ @mesb`dc Bcr`cfcp

_gbmp @s{wsc _mocrvm

_clvcrâg Pgbgbc _mpbcr~

@N@EM NQ" O

_mocrvm @gremp _gbmp @s{wsc 

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NLV_MFS@@NÐL

Vmfg bcfn`nðl m nlpvrsbclvm fc rc`mec``nðl fc emp fgvmp fcoc rcslnr fmp

rcwsnpnvmp cpcl`ngecp qgenfc{ ~ mlangonenfgf, Eg `mlangonenfgf fc sl nlpvrsbclvm

fc bcfn`nðl pc rcancrc ge jrgfm cl wsc ps gxen`g`nðl rcxcvnfg ge bnpbm pskcvm s

mokcvm% xrmfs`c njsgecp rcpsevgfmp, Xmr ckcbxem% pn ~m bnfncrg cl cpvc bmbclvm

eg vcbxcrgvsrg gbonclvge bcfnglvc sl vcrbðbcvrm ~ bc nlfn`grg wsc dg~ ?? 8@,

Sl bnlsvm bçp vgrfc `mlpsevgrg mvrg qc{ ~ ce vcrbðbcvrm bc nlfn`grg wsc dg~

38@, Vrcp bnlsvmp fcpxsîp mopcrqgrg ce vcrbðbcvrm ~ gdmrg bc nlfn`grg wsc

dg~ 688@, Cpvc vcrbðbcvrm lm pcrâg `mlangoec $ps gxen`g`nðl rcxcvnfg xrmfs`c

rcpsevgfmp fnpvnlvmp., Njsgebclvc% pn slg xrscog fc nlvcenjcl`ng eg gxen`m dm~ g

sl jrsxm fc xcrpmlgp ~ bc xrmxmr`nmlg `ncrvmp qgemrcp fc nlvcenjcl`ng9 eg gxen`m

sl bcp fcpxsîp ~ bc xrmxmr`nmlg qgemrcp fnacrclvcp% ge njsge wsc cl

psopc`sclvcp bcfn`nmlcp, Cpvg xrscog lm cp `mlangoec,

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QGENFC[ 

Xgrg `cr`nmrgrpc ~ `mlanrbgr eg qcrg`nfgf fc sl nlpvrsbclvm fc rc`mec``nðl fc

fgvmp pc lc`cpnvg pgocr pn cpvc vnclc ©Qgenfc{¹ 

Icrenljcr9  fcanlc Eg qgenfc{ `mbm slg `scpvnðl bçp `mbxeckg wsc fcoc

ge`gl{grpc cl vmfm nlpvrsbclvm fc bcfn`nðl wsc pc gxen`g, Pn pc bnfc em wsc pc

xrcvclfc% clvml`cp cp qçenfm% pnlm lm em cp, Cl xm`gp xgegorgp xmfcbmp fc`nr

wsc qgenfc{ cp ce jrgfm cl wsc sl nlpvrsbclvm bnfc em wsc xrcvclfc bcfnr,

Eg qgenfc{ fc sl bîvmfm cp eg ctg`vnvsf `ml wsc xscfcl dg`crpc bcfnfgp

pnjlnan`gvnqgp ~ gfc`sgfgp `ml îe9 cl ce pclvnfm wsc bnfgl rcgebclvc emp rgpjmpwsc pc xrcvclfcl bcfnr% xmr ckcbxem sl nlpvrsbclvm xgrg bcfnr eg nlvcenjcl`ng

qçenfg fcoc bcfnr eg nlvcenjcl`ng ~ lm eg bcbmrng,

@ML@CXVMP FC QGENFC[

@gbxocee ~ Anpi $7>4:  ‐ @v, Dgbbcrpec~ .

©Ce g`scrfm clvrc fmp cpascr{mp xgrg bcfnr eg bnpbg `mpg `ml fnacrclvcp bîvmfmp¹ 

Oeg`i glf @dgbxnml $7>:1.

©Eg bcfnfg cl wsc sl nlpvrsbclvm bnfc em wsc pc psxmlc wsc fcoc bcfnr¹ 

Ecdlcr $7>:>.

©@mrrc``nðl¹

Kmdlpvml glf Xcll~xg`icr $7>48.

©Jrgfm fc gxrmtnbg`nðl fc eg rcgenfgf¹ 

Icrenljcr $7>16.

©Cpvgbmp bnfnclfm em wsc psxmlcbmp bcfnr¹ 

Bcfec~ glf Bnv{ce $7>4: ‐ @v, Dgbbcrpec~ .

©Pmpvclcr wsc egp fnacrcl`ngp cl egp bcfnfgp movclnfgp rcaeckgl slg fnacrcl`ng rcge¹ 

Dcrlçlfc{ Pgbxncrn  

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©Jrgfm cl wsc sl nlpvrsbclvm rcgebclvc bnfc eg qgrngoec wsc xrcvclfc 

bcfnr, ¹

Vdmrlfnic 

©Jrgfm cl wsc sl nlpvrsbclvm rcgebclvc bnfc em wsc ce nlqcpvnjgfmr 

xrcvclfc, ¹

@sglfm cpvnbgbmp eg qgenfc{ fc sl vcpv% lc`cpnvgbmp pgocr wsc rgpjm

fcpcgbmp wsc bnfg, Cpvc rgpjm pc eegbg qgrngoec fc `rnvcrnm, Lmp nlvcrcpg

pgocr wsc vgl oncl `mrrcpxmlfc egp xmpn`nmlcp fc emp nlfnqnfsmp cl eg

fnpvrnos`nðl fc emp xslvgkcp movclnfmp g psp xmpn`nmlcp cl ce `mlvnlsm wsc

rcxrcpclvgl eg qgrngoec fc `rnvcrnm,

Eg qgenfc{ cp vrgfn`nmlgebclvc cpvnbgfg xmr sl `mcan`nclvc fc `mrrceg`nðl%

eegbgfm `mcan`nclvc fc qgenfc{% ce `sge nlfn`g eg rceg`nðl wsc dg~ clvrc emp fgvmp

movclnfmp `ml ce vcpv ~ emp fgvmp wsc spgbmp `ml sl jrgfm `mlm`nfm fc

`crvc{g% `mbm âlfn`cp xgrg emp xslvgkcp fc emp nlfnqnfsmp cl eg qgrngoec fc

`rnvcrnm, Cl vmfm xrm`cfnbnclvm fc qgenfg`nðl eg `scpvnðl cpcl`nge cp; ½Xgrg wsî

~ xgrg wsnîl cp qçenfm ce vcpv=9 pc lc`cpnvg xmr `mlpnjsnclvc `rnvcrnmp fnacrclvcp

xgrg fnacrclvcp xrmxðpnvmp fc vcpv, @mbm `rnvcrnm fc ctg`vnvsf pc lc`cpnvg vclcr

slg ctxrcpnðl em bçp ctg`vg xmpnoec fc egp xmpn nmlcp fc emp nlfnqnfsmp cl eg

fnpvrnos`nðl fce `rnvcrnm qcrfgfcrm,

Xgrg wsc slg bcfn`nðl pcg qçenfg fcoc bcfnr em wsc fcpcg bcfnr enorc fc

fnpvmrpnmlcp pnpvcbçvn`g% ~ gpâ xmfcr nlacrnr `ml`espnmlcp g xgrvnr fc emp

rcpsevgfmp movclnfmp9 xmr ckcbxem% sl nlpvrsbclvm qçenfm xgrg bcfnr eg g`vnvsf

fc emp `enclvcp arclvc g eg `genfgf fce pcrqn`nm fc slg cbxrcpg fcoc bcfnr eg

g`vnvsf ~ lm ce `mlm`nbnclvm fce `enclvc rcpxc`vm fc eg `genfgf fce pcrqn`nm,

VNXMP FC QGENFC[;

½@ðbm xmfcbmp fcvcrbnlgr pn slg xrscog fgf cl rcgenfgf bnfc em wsc ganrbg

bcfnr=

$Zncrpbg% 7>41 ~ Jrmleslf% 7>43.% fn`cl wsc eg qgenfc{% cp sl `ml`cxvm wsc

xscfc movclcrpc fc fnacrclvcp vnxmp fc cqnfcl`ngp, Cl rcpsbcl eg qgenfc{ pcxscfc ctgbnlgr fcpfc fnacrclvcp xcrpxc`vnqgp% cpvgp pml;

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7, QGENFC[ JCLC_GE;

Cpvç rceg`nmlgfm `ml vclcr slg nfcg `egrg fc eg qgrngoec wsc fcpcg

bcfnrpc ~ cqgesgr pn egp xrcjslvgp m emp grvâ`semp fce nlpvrsbclvm cl

rcgenfgf em bnfcl% cl xm`gp xgegorgp pc rcancrc ge ksn`nm wsc pc dg`crcpxc`vm fce jrgfm cl wsc ce nlpvrsbclvm fc bcfn`nðl bnfc em wsc fcoc

bcfnr,

?, QGENFC[ FC @MLVCLNFM;

Cp ce jrgfm cl wsc eg bcfn`nðl rcxrcpclvg ge `ml`cxvm bcfnfm% cp fc`nr%

wsc slg xrscog vcljg slg bscpvrg gfc`sgfg fc xrcjslvgp wsc bnfcl

egp dgonenfgfcp m `mlm`nbnclvm wsc pc fcpcg bcfnr,

@mlpnpvc cl fcbmpvrgr wsc emp cecbclvmp wsc `mlpvnvs~cl ce vcpv

xcrvclc`cl ge bnpbm slnqcrpm fc `mlvclnfm% xgrg fcbmpvrgrem pc xscfc

pcjsnr ce `rnvcrnm fce rnjmr eðjn`m fc xcrvclcl`ng ~ vgbonîl ce `rnvcrnm fc

ctxcrvmp eegbgfmp ksc`cp, Cpvc bîvmfm xgrvc fce psxscpvm wsc pn

eecjgbmp g fcbmpvrgr wsc emp `mbxmlclvcp fce vcpv xcrvclc`cl g sl

bnpbm xgrçbcvrm fc rcacrcl`ng% pnl esjgr g fsfg cpvgbmp `sbxenclfm

`ml bcfnr em xrmxscpvm, Emp `mlvclnfmp ~ emp âvcbp pcec``nmlgfmp lm

fcocrçl fnp`rcxgr pnjlnan`gvnqgbclvc clvrc eg mxnlnðl fc emp ksc`cp, Cl

mvrgp xgegorgp% eg qgenfc{ fc `mlvclnfm cp `scpvnðl fc fcvcrbnlgr pn eg

bscpvrg fc psp rcg`vnqmp cp rcxrcpclvgvnqg fce slnqcrpm m fmbnlnm

`mlfs`vsge fc âvcbp ge wsc psxscpvgbclvc rcxrcpclvg, Sl

xrm`cfnbnclvm xgrg wsc ce xrm`cpm fc ―clksn`ngbnclvm‒ fc emp rcg`vnqmp

pcg em bçp mokcvnqm xmpnoec% cp ce pnjsnclvc; 

CE @MLPV_S@VM_ FC EG X_SCOG;

" Fcanlc cpxc`âan`gbclvc ce fmbnlnm fce `mlvclnfm xmr bcfnm fc slg

fcp`rnx`nðl wsc em fcoc fcenbnvgr `egrgbclvc, 

" Fcanlc% pn ascrg lc`cpgrnm% pso`gvcjmrâgp nbxmrvglvcp fce fmbnlnm%

cpxc`nan`glfm cpvg nbxmrvgl`ng cl vîrbnlmp xmr`clvsgecp,

KSN@NM FC CTXC_VMP 

@mlpnpvc cl xrcjslvgr g xcrpmlgp ctxcrvgp cl ce fmbnlnm wsc bnfcl emp

âvcbp% pmorc ps jrgfm fc gfc`sg`nðl g sl `rnvcrnm fcvcrbnlgfm ~

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xrcqngbclvc cpvgoec`nfm cl emp xgpmp glvcrnmrbclvc rcpc÷gfmp fc

`mlpvrs``nðl fc slg xrscog,  Xgrg cpvg qgenfg`nðl pc pnjscl fmp

xrm`cfnbnclvmp $Mpvcrenlf% 7>4>.;

N, Cbxgrckgbnclvm fc âvcbp ~ mokcvnqm-p m fmbnlnm-p% g ksn`nm fc emp  ksc`cp, Cl cpvc xrm`cfnbnclvm pc m`sevg g emp ksc`cp ce

cbxgrckgbnclvm mokcvnqm"âvcb xgrg `mbxrmogr pn% fn`dm

cbxgrckgbnclvm% cp vgl cqnfclvc wsc slg xcrpmlg ctxcrvg em

xscfg fcp`sornr,

NN, Ksn`nm fce jrgfm fc gfc`sg`nðl clvrc `gfg âvcb ~ ce psofmbnlnm s

mokcvnqm wsc xrcvclfc bcfnr ce âvcb,

0, QGENFC[ @ML _CEG@NÐL GE @_NVC_NM;

Vnclc wsc qcr `ml eg can`g`ng wsc vnclc sl nlpvrsbclvm xgrg xrcfc`nr

`mlfs`vgp cpxc`âan`gp cl fcvcrbnlgfmp bmbclvmp, Cpvgoec`c eg qgenfc{

fc sl nlpvrsbclvm fc bcfn`nðl `mbxgrçlfmeg `ml gejûl `rnvcrnm ctvcrlm,

Clvrc bçp pc rceg`nmlcl emp rcpsevgfmp fce nlpvrsbclvm `ml ce `rnvcrnm%

bg~mr pcrç ps qgenfc{,

Qgenfc{ Xrcfn`vnqg $cqnfcl`ng ctvcrlg.;

@mlpnpvc cl fcvcrbnlgr pn ce vcpv cegomrgfm cp `gxg{ fc xrmlmpvn`gr

slg `mlpc`scl`ng m rcpsevgfm gpm`ngfm `ml eg qgrngoec wsc dcbmp

bcfnfm, Cpvc vnxm fc qgenfc{ cp fc bs`dg svnenfgf cl eg xrcqcl`nðl

xrnbgrng% ~g wsc xcrbnvnrç xrcqcr emp pskcvmp wsc xrcpclvgrçl

fnan`sevgf% `mbm vgbonîl eg fcvc``nðl fc gwsceemp wsc ge`gl{grçl egp

bcvgp fc sl xrmjrgbg xrc`m{bclvc% xcrbnvnclfm cl gbomp `gpmp

gfmxvgr egp bcfnfgp lc`cpgrngp% `sglvm bg~mr cp eg ctg`vnvsf fc

xrcfn``nðl fce rcpsevgfm $cp fc`nr fce `rnvcrnm ctvcrlm.% vglvm bçp ûvne

pcrç eg xrscog, Xmr ckcbxem% ce vcpv pcrç sl `mbxmlclvc g`cxvgoec

fc sl xrm`cpm fc pcec``nðl fc xcrpmlge% pn psp `genan`g`nmlcp m

xslvsg`nmlcp xrcfn`cl eg ckc`s`nðl fc gejûl `mbxmlclvc

nbxmrvglvc fce vrgogkm $`rnvcrnm ctvcrlm.9 cl mvrgp xgegorgp% xgrg wsc

ce vcpv pc xscfg svnen{gr `mbm xgrvc fc sl xrm`cpm fc pcec``nðl cp

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xrc`npm fcbmpvrgr eg qgenfc{ fc eg xrscog rceg`nmlçlfmeg `ml emp

`rnvcrnmp xcrvnlclvcp,

Qgenfc{ @ml`srrclvc;

@mlpnpvc cl fcvcrbnlgr mvrg qgrngoec fnacrclvc g eg bcfnfg `ml ce

vcpv% `ml eg wsc pc psxmlc jsgrfgl `mrrceg`nðl pnjlnan`gvnqg% xgrg

cpvgoec`cr cpvc vnxm fc qgenfc{ fcocrçl cac`vsgrpc fmp bcfn`nmlcp

slg fc ceegp `mrrcpxmlfc g eg fce vcpv cegomrgfm ~ eg mvrg g eg

qgrngoec `ml eg wsc pc psxmlc jsgrfgl `mrrceg`nðl, @sglfm

`mbxsvgbmp emp `mcan`nclvcp fc qgenfc{% cp lc`cpgrnm wsc emp fgvmp

fce vcpv ~ emp fce `rnvcrnm pc fcvcrbnlcl cl amrbg nlfcxclfnclvc, Xmrckcbxem; Ce xpn`ðemjm vnclc slg dnxðvcpnp g`cr`g fc `ðbm fmp

jrsxmp fc nlfnqnfsmp wsc fnancrcl cl `ncrvmp gpxc`vmp% vgbonîl

fnancrcl `ml rcpxc`vm g gejslg mvrg qgrngoec eg `sge cp ce mokcvm fc ps

nlvcrîp, @mlm`nclfm eg xcrvclcl`ng fc jrsxm% îe cqgeûg g emp fmp

bncbormp fc emp fmp jrsxmp pmorc eg pcjslfg qgrngoec ~ `mbxsvg eg

`mrrceg`nðl clvrc egp cqgesg`nmlcp ~ eg xcrvclcl`ng fce jrsxm% eg `sge

pc `mlpvnvs~c ce `rnvcrnm, Ce xpn`ðemjm dg pnfm xrcpg fc em wsc pc`mlm`c `mbm `mlvgbnlg`nðl fc `rnvcrnm, Ce `mlm`âg emp fgvmp fce

`rnvcrnm% cp fc`nr% eg xcrvclcl`ng fc jrsxm% `sglfm dn{m egp

cpvnbg`nmlcp `s~g qgenfc{ asc rmogfg spglfm eg xcrvclcl`ng fc

jrsxm `mbm `rnvcrnm, Vge xrm`cfnbnclvm lm cpvç xcrbnvnfm, Lm nbxmrvg

wsc ce cqgesgfmr nlvclvc njlmrgr ps `mlm`nbnclvm xrcqnm lm xscfc

cqnvgr ce pcr nlaesnfm cl gejûl pclvnfm xmr psp ctxc`vgvnqgp,

6, QGENFC[ FC @MLPV_S@VM;

Sl `mlpvrs`vm cp slg qgrngoec bcfnfg ~ wsc vnclc esjgr fclvrm fc slg

vcmrâg m cpwscbg vcðrn`m, Dcrlçlfc{% Acrlçlfc{ ~ Ogxvnpvg $7>>:.

rcancrcl wsc eg qgenfc{ fc `mlpvrs`vm cp xrmogoecbclvc eg bçp

nbxmrvglvc% pmorc vmfm fcpfc slg xcrpxc`vnqg `nclvâan`g, Ce nlpvrsbclvm

pc ks{jg rcpxc`vm fce jrgfm cl wsc slg bcfn`nðl pc rceg`nmlg

`mlpnpvclvcbclvc `ml mvrgp bcfn`nmlcp pmorc `ml`cxvmp wsc cpvçl

bnfnîlfmpc

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Cpvc bîvmfm `mlpnpvc cl fcbmpvrgr wsc ce vcpv cegomrgfm `mlanrbg emp

psxscpvmp vcðrn`mp, Xgrg em `sge fcpgrrmeeg bmfcemp ctxcrnbclvgecp% wsc

ec xcrbnvg movclcr eg qgenfc{ nlvcrlg ~ ctvcrlg fc emp psxscpvmp vcðrn`mp%

cl eg qgenfc{ nlvcrlg fcocrç fcbmpvrgrpc eg `mdcrcl`ng clvrc emp

xmpvsegfmp% `mrmegrnmp ~ vcmrcbgp% fc vge amrbg wsc pc xscfg

fcpxrclfcr `ml ag`nenfgf ~ pnl xcrfcr ce rnjmr eðjn`m xmpnoecp gxen`g`nmlcp

wsc pmxmrvcl eg `mbxrmog`nðl ctxcrnbclvge, Cl eg qgenfc{ ctvcrlg

fcocrç `mbxrmogrpc wsc emp psxscpvmp vcðrn`mp jsgrfgl rceg`nðl

ctxen`gvnqg `ml egp qgrngoecp gpsbnfgp cl sl bmfcem cbxârn`m,

Vgbonîl pc svnen{g cl eg qgenfc{ fc `mlpvrs`vm% ce glçenpnp ag`vmrnge wsc

xcrbnvc fcbmpvrgr pn emp ag`vmrcp gpsbnfmp `mbm xgrvc fc sl aclðbclmnlvcrg`vûgl m pn xmr em `mlvrgrnm lm pml xgrvc `mlpvnvsvnqg fce aclðbclm

wsc pc cpvç cpvsfnglfm,

NL@ES^C V_CP CVGXGP 

N, Pc cpvgoec`c ~ cpxc`nan`g eg rceg`nðl vcðrn`g clvrc emp `ml`cxvmp

$Pmorc eg ogpc fce bgr`m vcðrn`m.

NN, Pc `mrrceg`nmlgl gbomp `ml`cxvmp ~ pc glgen{g `snfgfmpgbclvc

eg `mrrceg`nðl

NNN, Pc nlvcrxrcvg eg cqnfcl`ng cbxârn`g fc g`scrfm g wsc vglvm

`egrnan`g eg qgenfc{ fc `mlpvrs`vm fc slg bcfn`nðl cl xgrvn`segr,

@G_G@VC_ÂPVN@GP FC EG QGENFC[;

Eg qgenfc{ pc rcancrc g eg gfc`sg`nfgf fc eg nlvcrxrcvg`nðl fc emp

rcpsevgfmp xgrg sl jrsxm fcvcrbnlgfm fc nlfnqnfsmp, Eg qgenfc{ lm cp

slg xrmxncfgf fce `scpvnmlgrnm9 gslwsc% xmr `mpvsborc% pc pnjsc

dgoeglfm fc eg qgenfc{ fce `scpvnmlgrnm,

Eg qgenfc{ cp slg `scpvnðl fc jrgfm, Lm ctnpvc cl vîrbnlmp gopmesvmp,

Lm pc xscfc fc`nr wsc ce `scpvnmlgrnm cp qçenfm m nlqçenfm, Gsbclvg m

fnpbnls~c fcxclfnclfm fc eg `genfgf fc eg cqnfcl`ng wsc eg pspvclvg,

Lscqgp cqnfcl`ngp xscfcl nl`rcbclvgreg m rcfs`nreg, Dm~ fâg eg

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qgenfg`nðl fc slg nlacrcl`ng pc xrcpclvg `mbm ce xrm`cpm fc fcvcrbnlgr

pn eg vcmrâg ~ egp cqnfcl`ngp cbxârn`gp rcpxgefgl cpvg nlacrcl`ng,

Eg qgenfc{ pc rcancrc pncbxrc g sl vnxm fc spm m nlvcrxrcvg`nðl cpxc`âan`m,

Lm pc xscfc dgoegr fc eg qgenfc{ fc sl `scpvnmlgrnm pcg `sge ascrc psspm, G qc`cp emp spmp pml bs~ xrðtnbmp% xcrm gsl gpâ dg~ fnacrcl`ngp,

Eg qgenfc{ cp sl `ml`cxvm slnvgrnm, Lm pc xscfc dgoegr fc fnacrclvcp

vnxmp fc qgenfc{ $`mlvclnfm% `mlpvrs`vm% `rnvcrnm., Pc dgoeg bçp oncl fc

sl `ml`cxvm ‐qgenfc{" ~ fc fnqcrpmp vnxmp fc cqnfcl`ng,

Xgrg dgoegr fc qgenfc{ pc rcwsncrc sl ksn`nm cqgesgvnqm `mbxrclpnqm wsc

fn`vgbnlc pn egp nlvcrxrcvg`nmlcp ~ spmp fc emp rcpsevgfmp pc kspvnan`gl`ml eg cqnfcl`ng xrmfs`nfg,

@MBM @GE@SEG_ EG QGENFC[

Xgrg `ge`segr eg qgenfc{ pc fcoc vclcr cl `sclvg eg pnjsnclvc;

Q, @MLVCLNFM; Ksn`nm fc ctxcrvmp

Q, @_NVC_NM;  @mrrceg`nmlgr eg bcfn`nðl `ml ce `rnvcrnm xgrg movclcr ce`mcan`nclvc fc qgenfc{

Q, @MLPV_S@VM;  Pscec fcvcrbnlgrpc sl xrm`cfnbnclvm cpvgfâpvn`m

fclmbnlgfm ©Glçenpnp fc Ag`vmrcp¹

VGBONÎL;  Pðenfmp `mlm`nbnclvmp cpvgfâpvn`mp ~ Xrmjrgbgp gxrmxngfmp fc

`mbxsvgfmrgp

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@MLANGONENFGF

Lm ogpvg `ml wsc sl nlpvrsbclvm vcljg qgenfc{ xgrg wsc cpvc pcg

`mbxecvgbclvc g`cxvgfm% xgrg ceem vgbonîl cpvç eg ©@mlangonenfgf¹, Glgpvgpn 

~ Gnicl9 fcanlc g eg `mlangonenfgf $m `mlpnpvcl`ng. fc sl vcpv cp eg xrc`npnðl `ml

wsc ce vcpv bnfc em wsc bnfc% cl slg xmoeg`nðl fcvcrbnlgfg ~ cl egp

`mlfn`nmlcp lmrbgecp fc gxen`g`nðl, Cl xm`gp xgegorgp cp @gxg`nfgf fc sl

xrscog xgrg xrmfs`nr `genan`g`nmlcp `mlpnpvclvcp ~ cpvgoecp,

@ML@CXVMP FC @MLANGONENFGF 

Oeg`i glf @dgbxnðl $7>:1.

©Eg dgonenfgf xgrg bcfnr `mlpnpvclvcbclvc¹ 

Ecdlcr $7>:>.

©_cxrmfs`vnqnfgf fc egp bcfn`nmlcp ‡ cpvgonenfgf  

Kmdlpvml glf Xcll~xg`icr $7>48.

©@gxg`nfgf fc ge`gl{gr eg bnpbg gxg`nfgf‡ cpvgonenfgf¹ 

Icrenljcr $7>16.

©@mrrc``nðl m xrc`npnðl fc sl nlpvrsbclvm fc bcfn`nðl¹ 

Bcfec~ glf Bnv{ce $7>4: ‐ @v Dgbbcrpec~ .

©Pmpvclcr wsc eg fnacrcl`ng clvrc fmp bcfnfgp movclnfgp cl eg bnpbg `egpc cp bclmr wsc eg movclnfg cl fnacrclvcp `egpcp¹ 

@mlangonenfgf% pnjlnan`g `mlpnpvcl`ng s movcl`nðl% slg ~ mvrg qc{% fc emp bnpbmp

rcpsevgfmp, Slg vî`ln`g fc bscpvrcm cp `mlangoec `sglfm qgrngp bscpvrgp fc

slg bnpbg xmoeg`nðl grrmkgl fgvmp pnbnegrcp, Cl eg bg~mr xgrvc fc emp `gpmp eg

@mlangonenfgf fc eg vî`ln`g fc bscpvrcm cpvç cl rceg`nðl fnrc`vg `ml ce vgbg÷m

fc eg bscpvrg, Pn slg xrscog fc nlvcenjcl`ng pc gxen`g g sl jrsxm fc ln÷mp ~

xrmxmr`nmlg `ncrvmp qgemrcp fc nlvcenjcl`ng9 pc gxen`g sl bcp fcpxsîp ~

xrmxmr`nmlg qgemrcp pnbnegrcp% fnrâgbmp wsc eg xrscog cp `mlangoec,

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@EGPNAN@G@NÐL;

  _CEG@NÐL @ML CE @GENAN@GFM_; Fmp ctxcrvmp `genan`gl emp

rcpsevgfmp movclnfmp xmr sl jrsxm% escjm `ge`segl ce `mcan`nclvc fc

`mrrceg`nðl ©xrmfs`vm bmbclvm¹ fc Xcgrpml $r.% m ce xmr`clvgkc fc`mnl`nfcl`ng clvrc gbomp Mopcrqgfmrcp 

  CL CE @S_PM FCE VNCBXM; Ce nlqcpvnjgfmr movnclc qgemrcp fnacrclvcp

ge gxen`gr ce nlpvrsbclvm g eg bnpbg slnfgf fc cpvsfnm cl `nr`slpvgl`ngp

fnacrclvcp, Pc gxen`g ce nlpvrsbclvm fmp qc`cp g sl bnpbm jrsxm ~ pc

`mrrceg`nmlg em rcpsevgfmp 

  CL _CEG@NÐL GE @MLVCLNFM FC EG X_SCOG; Bscpvrcm mpcec``nðl fc emp fgvmp, Qgrncfgf fc `mlvclnfmp wsc pc fcpcg bcfnr 

@MBM @GE@SEG_ EG @MLANGONENFGF 

Eg @mlangonenfgf fc sl nlpvrsbclvm fc bcfn`nðl pc fcvcrbnlg bcfnglvc

fnqcrpmp xrm`cfnbnclvmp;

N, VCPV _C"VCPV M BCFNFG FC CPVGONENFGF; Ce nlqcpvnjgfmr fcoc

gxen`gr ce bnpbm nlpvrsbclvm fmp qc`cp ge bnpbm jrsxm fcpxsîp fc

`ncrvm xcrâmfm, Fcoc `ge`segr eg `mlangonenfgf fce nlpvrsbclvm glvcp fc eg

gxen`g`nðl fcanlnvnqg fce bnpbm, @mcan`nclvc fc `mrrceg`nðl fc Xcgrpml

gevgbclvc xmpnvnqm wsc cp njsge ge nlpvrsbclvm `mlangoec, 

NN, VCPV XG_GECEMP M BÎVMFM FC AM_BGP GEVC_LGVNQGP; Pc

gfbnlnpvrgl fmp m bçp qcrpnmlcp cwsnqgeclvcp fc sl bnpbm nlpvrsbclvm,

Fcocl pcr pnbnegrcp cl `mlvclnfm% nlpvrs``nmlcp% vnxmp fc xrcjslvgp ~ fnan`sevgf,

Pml gfbnlnpvrgfgp ge bnpbm jrsxm cl sl xcrâmfm rcegvnqgbclvc `mrvm, Emp

xgvrmlcp fc rcpxscpvgp fcocl qgrngr xm`m clvrc egp gxen`g`nmlcp, @mcan`nclvc

fc @mlangonenfgf cp njsge g eg Aðrbseg fc @mrrceg`nðl fc Xcgrpml,  

NNN, FNQNPNÐL XM_ BNVGFCP M BNVGFCP XG_VNFGP; _cwsncrc pðem slg

gxen`g`nðl fc eg bcfn`nðl, Bnclvrgp bçp Âvcbp bg~mr pcrç eg `mlangonenfgf, Ce

`mlkslvm vmvge fc âvcbp cp fnqnfnfm cl fmp bnvgfcp ~ pc `mbxgrgl egp

xslvsg`nmlcp movclnfgp cl gbogp bcfn`nmlcp, Xslvsg`nmlcp fc gbogp

bnvgfcp ascrvcbclvc `mrrceg`nmlgfgp cp njsge g sl Nlpvrsbclvm `mlangoec,

@mrrceg`nðl fc Pxcgrbgl Ormzl cp njsge ge @mcan`nclvc fc @mlangonenfgf, 

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NQ, GEAG FC @_MLOG@D; _cwsncrc pðem slg gxen`g`nðl fce nlpvrsbclvm fc

bcfn`nðl, Xrmfs`c qgemrcp wsc mp`negl clvrc `crm $8. ~ slm $7., Lm cp

lc`cpgrnm fnqnfnr cl bnvgfcp emp âvcbp fce nlpvrsbclvm, Pc gxen`g eg bcfn`nðl ~

pc `ge`seg ce `mcan`nclvc, 

Q, VÎ@LN@G ISFC_  ‐ _N@DG_FPML M @MCAN@NCLVC I_"?8; Xcrbnvc

`ge`segr eg `mlangonenfgf `ml slg pmeg gxen`g`nðl fce nlpvrsbclvm, Lm

rcwsncrc ce fnpc÷m fc xrscogp xgrgecegp, Cp gxen`goec pðem cl

nlpvrsbclvmp `ml âvcbp fn`mvðbn`mp% wsc xscfgl pcr `mfnan`gfmp `ml 7 ‐ 

8 $`mrrc`vm ‐ nl`mrrc`vm% xrcpclvc ‐ gspclvc% g agqmr ‐ cl `mlvrg% cv`,. 

ENBNVG@NMLCP FC GEJSLGP VÎ@LN@GP

VCPV _C"VCP;  Ce xcrnmfm fc vncbxm clvrc egp bcfn`nmlcp xscfc

`mlaslfnr eg nlvcrxrcvg`nðl fce `mcan`nclvc fc `mlangonenfgf movclnfm

bcfnglvc cpvg vî`ln`g 

VCPV XG_GECEM;  Fnan`sevgf cl movclcr fmp xrscogp rcgebclvc

xgrgecegp% nbxen`g sl fmoec vrgogkm fc `mlpvrs``nðl fc nlpvrsbclvmp 

VCPV XM_ BNVGFCP; @mlangonenfgf qgrâg fc g`scrfm `ml ce lûbcrm fc

âvcbp wsc nl`es~g ce nlpvrsbclvm fc bcfn`nðl 

Eg agevg fc `mlangonenfgf fc sl vcpv xpn`mbîvrn`m cpvg cl rceg`nðl `ml eg

nlvcrqcl`nðl fce crrmr, Pc `mlpnfcrg wsc ce crrmr cp `sgewsncr cac`vm nrrcecqglvc

xgrg emp anlcp m rcpsevgfmp fc eg bcfn`nðl wsc nlaes~c pmorc eg agevg fc

`mlangonenfgf fc vge bcfn`nðl, Ce crrmr cp fc fmp vnxmp;

g.  Crrmr `mlpvglvc $pnpvcbçvn`m.% wsc pc xrmfs`c `sglfm egp bcfn`nmlcp

wsc pc movnclcl `ml slg cp`geg pml pnpvcbçvn`gbclvc bg~mrcp mbclmrcp wsc em wsc rcgebclvc fcocl pcr,

o.  Crrmr `gspge $ge g{gr m lm pnpvcbçvn`m.% wsc pc xrmfs`c `sglfm egp

bcfnfgp pml gevcrlgvnqgbclvc bg~mrcp m bclmrcp fc em wsc rcgebclvc

fcocl pcr, Cpvc ûevnbm vnxm fc crrmr nlvcrqnclc `sglfm pc gac`vg eg

`mlangonenfgf fc sl vcpv xpn`mbîvrn`m, Cpvc crrmr vnclc wsc qcr `ml eg

pgesf% agvnjg% bmvnqg`nðl% vclpnðl cbm`nmlge% aes`vsg`nmlcp fc eg

bcbmrng% `mlfn`nmlcp ctvcrlgp fc es{% dsbcfgf% qclvneg`nðl% `gemr%

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fnpvrg``nðl xmr xrmoecbgp fce bmbclvm% agbnengrnfgf `ml eg xrscog% wsc

xrcpclvg ce ctgbnlgfm ge bmbclvm fc fgr ce vcpv,

AG@VM_CP WSC XSCFCL GAC@VG_ EG QGENFC[ ^ @MLANGONENFGFFclvrm fc emp ag`vmrcp wsc xscfcl gac`vgr eg qgenfc{ ~ `mlangonenfgf vclcbmp;

Eg nbxrmqnpg`nðl% ge dg`cr sl `scpvnmlgrnm pnl bs`dg fcfn`g`nðl ln

rcqnpnðl

Eg svnen{g`nðl fc nlpvrsbclvmp ctvrglkcrmp lm qgenfgfmp fc g`scrfm ge

`mlvctvm

CE nlpvrsbclvm rcpsevg nlgfc`sgfm xgrg egp xcrpmlgp g egp wsc pc eg

gxen`g Egp `mlfn`nmlcp cl egp wsc pc gxen`g ce nlpvrsbclvm

Egp nlpvrs``nmlcp fcan`nclvcp

Wsnclcp gxen`gl ce nlpvrsbclvm lm jclcrgl cbxgvâg ln `mlm`cl ce

nlpvrsbclvm

@ML@ESPNMLCPClvml`cp xmfcbmp fcpxsîp fc dgocr nlfgjgfm g`cr`g fc eg qgenfc{ ~

`mlangonenfgf xmfcbmp fc`nr wsc eg Qgenfc{ cp Jrgfm cl wsc sl nlpvrsbclvm

bnfc em wsc xrcvclfc bcfnr ~ wsc eg @mlangonenfgf  cp @gxg`nfgf fc slg

xrscog xgrg xrmfs`nr `genan`g`nmlcp `mlpnpvclvcp ~ cpvgoecp, Gfcbçp xgrg pgocrpn sl nlpvrsbclvm fc bcfn`nðl cp `mlangoec ~ qçenfm fcoc vclcr; `mcan`nclvc fc 

qgenfc{% `mcan`nclvc fc `mlangonenfgf ~ ce bâlnbm jrgfm fc crrmr 

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ONOENMJ_GAÂG;

@MDCL% Crlcpvm9 A_GL@M% _meglfm  $7>>1., Cqgesg`nðl fc xrm~c`vmp pm`ngecp, Pnjem TTN Cfnvmrcp  

BM_GECP% B, E,% $7>>8., Xpn`mbcvrâg Gxen`gfg, Bîtn`m; Vrneegp,

FÂG[% Qâ`vmr  $?88>.,Bcvmfmemjâg fc eg nlqcpvnjg`nðl `nclvâan`g ~ onmcpvgfâpvn`g; xgrg bîfn`mp% mfmlvðemjmp ~ cpvsfnglvcp fc `ncl`ngp fc eg pgesf, Bgpvcrp _ne  

COCE% _mocrv $7>4:., ½Vnclcl Wsc pcr qçenfmp vmfmp emp vcpvp= 

P@_NOGLM% Gfrnçl  $?884., Ce xrm`cpm fc nlqcpvnjg`nðl pm`nge `sgenvgvnqm,Xrmbcvcm Enormp Cfnvmrnge 

OC_LGE% @cpgr, $?881., Bcvmfmemjâg fc eg Nlqcpvnjg`nðl, Xcgrpml Xrclvn`c Dgee 

BM_NP% @dgrecp9 BGNPVM% Geocrv $?883. Xpn`memjâg, Xcgrpml Xrclvn`c Dgee 

Pneqg Gr`nlncjg% Bg, Fce _mpgrnm%  Orgnl @gefcrml% Bg,esnpg  $?881. Qgenfc{ ~ `mlangonenfgf fce cpvsfnm pm`nmc`mlðbn`m, SLGB 

_coc`g Eglfcgs $?88:. Cegomrg`nðl fc Vrgogkm fc Nlqcpvnjg`nðl, Cfnvmrnge Geag 

 ENLIdvvx;--zzz,vc`ln`gp"fc"cpvsfnm,mrj-nlqcpvnjg`nml-nlqcpvnjg`nml66,dvb 

dvvx;--zzz,penfcpdgrc,lcv-rmpneacr-qgenfc{"`mlangonenfgf 

dvvx;--zzz,penfcpdgrc,lcv-rmpneacr-qgenfc{"`mlangonenfgf=pr`2rcegvcf]lmrbge!rce27>13830  

dvvx;--zzz,rncmcn,mrj-fcempec`vmrcp-0876Cp`mocfm,xfa 

dvvx;--zzz,slbpb,cfs,xc-xpn memjng-fm`sbclvmp-fm`sbclvmp?88:-enorm#?8cgx-83EnormCGXGengjg,xfa 

dvvx;--cp,zninxcfng,mrj-znin-Xpn`mbcvr#@0#GFg 

ONOENMVC@G QN_VSGE fc Fcrc`dm% C`mlmbâg ~ @ncl`ngp Pm`ngecp 

dvvx;--zzz,csbcf,lcv-enormp-?88:o-080-qgenfc{#?8~#?8`mlangonenfgf#?8fce#?8nlpvrsbclv,dvb 

dvvx;--zzz,csbcf,lcv-enormp-?884o-68?-Qgenfc{#?8~#?8`mlangonenfgf#?8fc#?8emp#?8Nlpvrsbclvmp#?8fc#?8_c`mec``nml#?8fc#?8Fgvmp,dvb