WiMAX

WiMAXNS Ahmad FarooqNS Usama ArifNS Muhammad AliNS Talal ShoukatBasicsAlong with a competing standard called "LTE," WiMAX, short for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, represents 4G wireless Internet.It provides 30 to 40 megabit-per-second data rates,with the 2011 update providing up to 1 Gbit/sfor fixed stationsWiMAX can provide at-home or mobileInternet accessacross whole cities or countries.WiMAX would operate similar to Wi-Fi but at higher speeds, over greater distances and for a greater number of users.

Muhammad Ali2BasicsWiMAX tower, similar in concept to a cell-phone tower - A single WiMAX tower can provide coverage to a very large area -- as big as 3,000 square milesWiMAX receiver - The receiver and antenna could be a small box or PCMCIA card, or they could be built into a laptop the way Wi-Fi access is today.Muhammad Ali

3BasicsServices: WiMAX actually can provide two forms of wireless servicenon-line-of-sight: WiMAX uses a lower frequency range -- 2 GHz to 11 GHz (similar to Wi-Fi). Lower-wavelength transmissions are not as easily disrupted by physical obstructionsline-of-sight: connection is stronger and more stable, so it's able to send a lot of data with fewer errors. Line-of-sight transmissions use higher frequencies, with ranges reaching a possible 66 GHz.Muhammad Ali

4BasicsWiMAX Coverage and SpeedWiMAX should be able to handle up to 70 megabits per second. Even once that 70 megabits is split up between several dozen businesses or a few hundred home users, it will provide at least the equivalent of cable-modem transfer rates to each user.Wi-Fi's range is about 100 feet (30 m). WiMAX will blanket a radius of 30 miles (50 km) with wireless access. The increased range is due to the frequencies used and the power of the transmitter.

Muhammad Ali

5TechnicalIEEE 802.16 SpecificationsRange - 30-mile (50-km) radius from base stationSpeed - 70 megabits per secondLine-of-sight not needed between user and base stationFrequency bands - 2 to 11 GHz and 10 to 66 GHz (licensed and unlicensed bands)Defines both the MAC and PHY layers and allows multiple PHY-layer specifications

Talal Shoukat6Technical

Talal Shoukat

7TechnicalSpectrum allocationWiMAX Forum has published three licensed spectrum profiles: 2.3GHz, 2.5GHz and 3.5GHz, in an effort to drive standardization and decrease cost.Pakistan's Wateen Telecom uses 3.5GHz.Spectral efficiency802.16-2004 (fixed) has a spectral efficiency of 3.7 (bit/s)/Hertz, and other 3.54G wireless systems offer spectral efficiencies that are similar to within a few tenths of a percent. The notable advantage of WiMAX comes from combining SOFDMA with smart antenna technologies. This multiplies the effective spectral efficiency through multiple reuse and smart network deployment topologies. The direct use of frequency domain organization simplifies designs using MIMO-AAS compared to CDMA/WCDMA methods, resulting in more effective systems.Talal Shoukat

8TechnicalPhysical LayerOriginal version specified a physical layer operating in the 10 to 66GHz range and 2004 added 2 to 11GHz range.In 2005 (OFDM) was added which is a method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequenciesWiMAX is the most energy-efficient pre-4G technique among LTE and HSPA+

Talal Shoukat

9TechnicalMedia Access Control LayerWiMAX MAC uses a scheduling algorithm for which the subscriber station needs to compete only once for initial entry into the network.Subscriber station is allocated an access slot by the base station which can contract or expand but never omitted.Algorithm maintains QoS by balancing the time-slot assignments among the application needs.Talal Shoukat

10Integration with an IP-based networkThe overall network may be logically divided into three parts:Mobile Stations (MS) used by the end user to access the network.The access service network (ASN): Connects subscribers to their immediate service provider. ASN gateways form the radio access network at the edge.Connectivity service network (CSN), which provides IP connectivity and all the IP core network functions.

Ahmad Farooqan architecture that defines how a WiMAX network can be connected with an IP based core network, which is typically chosen by operators that serve as Internet Service Providers (ISP); Nevertheless the WiMAX BS provide seamless integration capabilities with other types of architectures as with packet switched Mobile Networks.

11Integration with an IP-based network

Authentication, Authorization and AccountingServerPublic switched telephone networkMobile IP- Home Agent : that is designed to allow mobile device users to move from one network to another while maintaining a permanent IP address.Operations Support System (OSS) performs management, inventory, engineering, planning, and repair functionsBusiness Support Systems (BSS) are the systems that Service Providers uses to run its business operations.12Access NetworkBase station (BS)The BS is responsible for providing the air interface to the MS.Additional functions that may be part of the BS are:micro mobility management functions, such as handoff triggering and tunnel establishmentradio resource management, QoS policy enforcement, traffic classification, DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol) proxy, key management, session management, and multicast group management.

Ahmad FarooqHandoff: Transfer of active call from one channel to another.DHCP: computers request IP addresses and networking parameters automatically from aDHCP server, reducing the need for anetwork administratoror a user to configure these settings manually.

The WiMAX architecture framework allows for the flexible decomposition and/or combination of functional entities when building the physical entities. For example, the ASN may be decomposed into base station transceivers (BST), base station controllers (BSC), and an ASNGW analogous to the GSM model of BTS, BSC, and Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN).13Access NetworkAccess GatewaysIt controls and aggregates the traffic from a large number of WiMAX base stations.The ASN gateway typically acts as a layer 2 traffic aggregation point within an ASNGateway includes following functionalities:intra-ASN location management and paging radio resource management and admission controlcaching of subscriber profiles and encryption keys, establishment, and management of mobility tunnel with base stations QoS and policy enforcement, foreign agent functionality for mobile IProuting to the selected CSN

An IEEE 802.16e-2005 compliant network may be deployed without an ASN-GW providing the wireless access network is used for fixed and nomadic applications only.

14Connectivity service network (CSN)Supports the WiMAX network by providing management and control for subscribers with services such as DHCP server, FTP, AAA, inter-technology and inter-operator roaming, other applications and services.The CSN provides connectivity to the Internet, ASP, other public networks, and corporate networks.The CSN is owned by the NSP and includes AAA servers that support authentication for the devices, users, and specific services.The CSN is also responsible for IP address management, support for roaming between different NSPs, location management between ASNs, and mobility and roaming between ASNs.

Authentication, Authorization and AccountingServer

15Inherent limitationsWiMAX cannot deliver 70Mbit/s over 50km (31mi). Like all wireless technologies, WiMAX can operate at higher bitrates or over longer distances but not bothLike all wireless systems, available bandwidth is shared between users in a given radio sector, so performance could deteriorate in the case of many active users in a single sector.Ahmad Farooq16MarketWiMAX Technology at HomeInternet service provider sets up a WiMAX base station 10 miles from your home.WiMAX-enabled computer will receive a special encryption code that would give you access to the base station.Network Enabled Networks will cause base station to send data to a WiMAX-enabled router, which would then send the data to the different computers on your network.Method employed is VoIPUsama Arif17MarketAdvantages:the combination of low cost and flexibility.WiMAX enables high-speed voice and data transfer over long distances in remote and scarcely populated areas, as well as in densely populated areas.The wireless connectivity is not affected by the weather conditions and does not need direct line in order to workWiMAX products benefit service providers using their existing infrastructure investments as WiMAX has the ability to interoperate across various network types.

Usama Arif

WiMAX broadband networks can be quickly built at relatively low cost by installing few wireless base stations providing coverage to the surrounding area with multifunctional application: high-speed Internet, telephone service, voice and data transfer, and video applications.18MarketPakistans WiMAXThe market share of WiMAX has hovered around the 30% mark (PTA)there are over 2 million broadband users in Pakistan 0.5 million of whom subscribe to WiMAX services and the number is expected to grow ten-fold by 2020.

Usama Arif

19MarketOverview Of WiMAX In PakistanThursday, 7th February 2008 marks the day when WiMAX Broadband Internet was officially rolled out in Pakistan by Wateen.Easy and inexpensive availability of various kinds of wireless internet connections also gave WiMAX a stiff competition in the market.Qubee deployed WiMAX in Pakistan with an approximate of $70 million investment further stiffening CompetitionIn a recent PTA survey Wateen topped.

Usama Arif

20Referenceshttp://www.tutorialspoint.com/wimax/what_is_wimax.htmhttp://propakistani.pk/2012/09/17/overview-of-wimax-in-pakistan/http://tribune.com.pk/story/487586/uncertain-future-of-wimax-in-pakistan/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX