"EFECTO DE DOS DE.\ISIDADES DE SIEJv\BRA Y CUATRO" NIVElES
DE ?ODA EN EL R.ENDIM!E':-HO DE LA SANDIA {CitnJ!IIJs lonmusl
CULTIVAR MICKYlEE BAJO PROTECCION
POR
Cu~io Camacho Coáoma
TESIS '
' PRESENTADA A l..;\
ESCUELA AGRICOLA P ANAMERIC.A:NA
COMO REQUISITO PREVIO A LA OBTENCION
DEL TITULO DE
INGENIERO AGRONOMO
'
EL ZAMORANO, HONDURAS
Mayo, 1993
1
EFE!:TO !.'E !lOS !.IENSl!IA!IE~ !:'E SIEMBRA Y CURTRD NIVELES DE PODA
EN EL RE!".D!M!ENTO DE LA SAND!A (!:i "tr"l' '..!"- "~""h'") !:t!LT!YAR
M!CY.YLEE BAJO PROTEC!:!DN.
iii
{l Di=.
iv
AGRADEC!M!ENTO
TITULO ••••••••••••• DE!~SCH!:!S DEL AUTOR. i:'ED!CATQRIA •••••••• AGRADEC!M!E~TO •••• !MD!CS ~ENERAL •.•.. !ND1CE DE CUADROS •• !MD!CE DE 8RAFICQS ••••••• !ND!CE DE ~EXQS •••••••••
H!D!CE
L !!.
!NTROD'JCCION ...•..•••••• REV!SION DE L!TSR.:<TU?."'! •••••••
A. i:'e,.cri;>ciOn t:-<:ot~.nic~. d..- li. pl;,.nte.. B. Ef.,ct<:>e d"' la poda .••••••••••••••• C. Ef!?<=t= d,. la d..-n<=idi'.d de ,¡ierr:br ...
!!!. MATE?.!AL.<::S Y METODOS ••••••••••.. p_ B.
U!gar d"'! "'XP"'rim~t<>. F"'ch~~ y perl~~---·······
!:. Mat.,.rial "'"p..-rio..-nt~.l .. D. M;,.n.,.Jc del e~per-imento. E:. P"'r~metr<:><;> "'-'alwad<:>!i. F. Di,.ei'!<:> ..-xp .. ,..im.,.ntal.
!V RESULTADOS •••• V. D!SCUS!ON ••••• VI. C0NCLI..!S!QNES •• '.'!!. RECOMEt>!DAC!ONES. V! ! ! . R!O:SUME:N •••••••••••••
,_
!X. B!E'L!OG?."'.F!A ••••••••••••...•...•••••••••••••••••••• X. .~EXOS ••...••••.••••••• D."TDS B!DGR!l.F!COS DE:L AUTOR. A~DB.AS!O"l ••••••••••••••••••
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!!'!DICE DE GRAFlCQS
!'ir?.fi<:<> !. P"'""' ~rcme~ic ::!e fr~tP<O •...•.....•........
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Gr?.fi:::<> 3. D:i~metn:> t<:>t<ll <Je frute!! ..................... 54
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~ ~ia '""' una planta herbácea, an\Utl, r.u.trere. o
trepadora, apropiada pare. cultivo.. interudvoe de "'ecano ~·
re¡:adio. De ltcr'.lerda can el C6di¡;¡:o Alimentario E: .. pail.ol. la
eandia ,.,..t~ claeificada como fruto Cffrno,..o, por tener an ..u
pa_~e comestible máE del cincuenta por ciento da aornua.
Su nombre procede
perteneciente al Sind o
del árabe
Indost~. Se
propia
la ocnooe t~bi~n por
~ia, :-:e::n<l.ia, albudeca o alb'.J.de¡;¡:a. En lot< ei'"lo,. XVI y XVII
"'"' di,.ti~ia con el nombre de badea y bateoa, actualmente
est!!.!! den~ine-ionee e><tán en de=o. En Portu.-=al ee ll=
melancia.
El t:énero Citr.Jllu"' ee ori.:;:ir-..ar-io dt> }..frica ~· .">.eia
Occidental {V:::.len..~~:::.,198'1). F'!!rtenece a la f&:>.ilía de l::.e
cuourbítáceae 1' .. u n=bNI cientifíco e,. Cltrullu~ J.~n!l.tu:><.
La euperfioie total mundial dedioad.a al oulth•o de la
~die. ee de 1.827.000 ha apro~imad~nte. De><taca en primer
lu:::ar la e..": U.R.S.S. <o.ue, con =dio clllén de heotárea!l. ~runa
producción de 2.500.000 toneladae, repreeenta la primera
2
potencia mundial en cuanto a superficie cultivada. Le sigue
TurQuia con 210.000 hectáreas y una producción aproximada de
4.000.000 de toneladae, lo cu.al lo convierte en el primer
productor I!IUild:ial. En cuanto a rendimientoa por hec"t<área Japón
produce 33.000 kilogramos por hectárea y Egipto 25.000 Kg y
son conaideradoa loe más al toe. Otros paises productores que
también tienen importancia, aunque con mucha menor superficie,
son Irán que cultiva 100.000 hectárea,., Estados Unidos, Brasil
y Siria con unas 85.000 hectárefi.e, siendo loe pa:iaee menos
productores: Mauritania, Hondurae, Ecuador, Uruguay, Libano,
Po;~rú, Francia y Hungria. La mayoria de las naciones mantienen
una superficie media nnual y •>in variaciones een•dbles, no
obstante algunas como Yugoslavia, Italia, China, lrak y España
aum~ntan afio trae año eu superficie, mientras que otras como
Estado a Unidos, la ex U.R.S.S. y Argentina disminuyen
paulatinamente la extensión dedicada a este cultivo (Instituto
Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias de España, 1978).
La ee.ndia ha adquirido gran importancia actualmente
debido a lae mejoras en loe eist~mas d~ cultivo,introducci6n
de cultivares más apropiados, lo cual mejora la calidad del
fruto; esto más las diferent~s investigaciones que se
realizan, ayudan a que el agricultor pueda ampliar ous
cultivos y obtener gan~cias justas.
La densidad de siembra. diferentee niveles de peda y sus
.. n 1?. ~r<:>d:!::ción p,. '""'ndi?., tr;,:t;,:ndP p.,. "'n::pntr'"r l;>. d2n!<id;,:d
y niv"! C" .,,d~. ó~timP pe;r,._ "1 ::wltivP c., !;,. lU~.ndi."- ~n !O!
! i'.m::-rs..ml •
El t><llo "'"' <::ilindri<:<l, C<ln !H.!r<::<>E l<lngit:.~dina!e" '( '.',.ll<:>S<>.
3) H<>j ""
~. l l' el
E<>n :>?.rti<:!~.s,
" '
:c-innati:c-:.rtida }'
' -.¡. Fl<:>r~,.
.1979).
5) -
b)
E. Ef"ECTQS DE Le Pf!r.p.,
ti.!OIHH1
~llc '..!n
fr~tctific~.ci'Ófl \' 1 ~ prc-::!'..!cci6n.
La fr:!cti.fic"ci.6n d,. l~. S"-!ldi.~ difi_,.,.-~ d"' 1~. d"'l m"'l6n "'n
qu'< ,.n l=o prim"r" l<:>"' fr~•.to• C~\.OU=>n ncrm=-lm,.nt"' "'n !~ . ..- f!<:>r.,,.
7
"'<"~ r<>g<>.di<J ""' prac<:..!.ca un= p<>d ... "'·~" int..-nlii' .• Cu;,.ndo !e
pl.,n-tit~. ti.,,-,,. cinco P.,.,.;.,. hojit"" '"" d"'!<P<.tnt;.. <:'<>J=nd<> ,.Q.l<:
8
•-•.tili:::;..rlo.
,..,..,_li::arl¡r.
(In,.t:it"'t"' N ... .:i=<'.l dO> !nV!>.,':.i<;¡a<::icm"'"- Ag.-1,:'>1""' <:!e Sno=ñ;:.
197!:0).
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(1979) , ... f'l ... l i!. l il.
ten::era. prim!i.'r.,,., hoj ;,;¡¡ ss>mini!'.lo.>!!,
metro y m~io.
51
ds>><~.rroll"'n muchos
inf!•..lJ"''
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¡>el ini:.: i!'.<:i ón
Howtm~.n
m~.nl.li!.l
(1979)
\1942) indit::"'n
pl !'.n t;>.
rv.:,j ?.!!
qu.s "'"'
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(199.1)
~1.-.nte,
(1.98'2)
COffili"rC.i. !e.l '"'
l "·
m~.xim!:lli
C!:>n ..-1
15
l.-. dsmsid~d
(1987)
Tian ~ '"'! (1983) "'"::<Y.!t..- ... r~n q!..!.,. 1~,. rendim.!..,.ntc"' "'"
o:'-':::é!,.-bit"" no .,.i<•mp,...., ,.,!..!m<>n't"n ?.l incn•«<,.nta..- ~' n0.~,..., <l<>
C!..!i'-l,
B. fECHAS Y PER!DDOS
El e~:¡ .. r.'..m,.nt~ ~~ 11,.'!~ " ""'b<> '"'~ d..'..<:i<>mbn> de !.992 e
abri! >;i,. .!.99~. E! 20 d._. di-::i .. m!::.r,. "'"' hi:~:~ !a .,i,.mbr" '"'f'l
1 ~. Zon~.
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'. fruto, no in1l:..~yó "'n _,
'!I II • P.ESUME."!
Sl presentl! tr;,.b?.J<> si! rl'?.lizó = "l inv.,rnP.dero E, d., lo,
Zona""" del D2p~.rt~.men<;;-;, de Hortü:\.\!t~.~,-., d2 !;, E:!!<:'..!eli"o ~,.-¿;:;<>!?.
P.-.n;,.m.,ri<:?.nil.. '"
del n~\<!o ;:;in<:':! y 50 cm entre pl?.nt:s; S, dej.-.ndo "'l ... ~ptim'='
n'..!do ;:;on wn tn1to por p!:nt?. }' 2~ ;:;m ,en<;;re pl.,nt!'."'; b., dej?.ndo
4!.
p\.l!p?..
25 "'"' ,.,-,t,-,.
~-~P'~"A, S.,J. i9E!o. Melcn": ph:-.,:ic!cy a.'"l<l cultun•. M:ini.,'!:r;.' Qf
~ri<;:•..!lture ii'.n<l F:is.h<>rie". \<!el!in;:b:m, N.Z • .!'! 28
::>. ~6.
sp;,.cing i!.nd 1nüt pnmirv;¡ en th..- fr~!it Qf P.M.R.
'37:299-302.
~IY.AP.T, LM. AI'ID S.R. KOSTE~!C:L 1987. RcH i!.rrii'.nt;,.ment,
rni!.n~.g"'m~nt. Hort Sc:i. 22(5)•10:50.
1979
!-!!!!!!AP.!', !L~L 1940. Fruit "th:inning of ,.,,.-~;;.,.,-.,.,l<:m. Proc. ~rt.
Sci. 37:92:5-826.
43
1978. E!
JAWDRSY.I, C.A. ~E R.E. WEEP. 1~~7. Pr~limin~ry t~Et in the
performi>.n<:'? of clipp'?d tom,.to tn•nspl;¡;nts. Proc.
Am9r. Soc. ~rt. Sci. 29:5~)-555.
ffi5'thod- fe,-tili:>:er ,-,.te ?.nd within
melonE. P,-oc. Fli>.. St~te. ~rt_ Soc. ~4:190-182.
l'lcCLL'ffi, C.A .• T. J Ng, R.M. Hd!RDI...E: P.ND J_ F!QLL\_ 198"9. Pl;o:nt
i>.nd Abst,-i>.cts. ~.92.
!:.EL. 1967. horticultura
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ANEXO !.. ANALlSIS DE SUELO.
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DATOS 9!E<L!OGRAF!CDS DEL AUTOR
NOMBRE: TUL!O CAM:"CHD COLOMA
FECHA DE NACIMIENTO: 2 DE l1AP.10 DE !<;'71.
EDUCAC!O~I:
PRIMARIA: ESC!..!E!.....<> ADOLFO MARIA P,ST!..!D!LLO
SEC!..!t<!DP.P.!A: COLEGIQ L!C!;:Q N.A\.1P.L
T!T!...JLO O!HENIDO: BACHILLER EN CIENCIAS Y LETR"'S
S!..!PEP.IOP.: ESC!..'ELA AGP.!CQLA PANAMERICANA
T!T!JLO QE'TEN!DO: AGRONOMO (D!C!EI1E'PE DE 1.'i''i'1.) INGEI'!!E.":O AERO!'l'JMQ (MAYO DE !?'?~)
Eet:e. teei~ fu" P"'"pare.d.a bajo la direcci~n del Cáneejerc Principal de-l Comité. de profeeoree que ,....,..,oró al candidato y ha e ido aprobada por todo"' loe miembr<:>e dio!l m.iemo. Fue gcmetida :e. ccrndde-raci6n del J .. f:e y del Coordin><rlcr del Depa...--tamento. Decano ~' Director de l!l.. &.cuela. /'.rícola Panamericana }' fue pre<ee:ntada co= re<;¡nieitc previo a la obtención del Titulo de I~eniero A¡:rónrnno.
Odilc D>..:arte. M. Se. Co=ejero.
__ ¿2:_~49------Leith /'~dre~, ~- D. Director.
----:;2~-~-=-~-----Marlo Contrerae, Ph. D.
"";:__,¡__/ r-'f.u~H~;:tea Ph. D.
Jefe del Dep amento de Horticul t .1 _
.~ ~ ------~ --------·c-o-~-
Odilc l)u:<i-t·e~ .. Se. Coordinador del Depart.:<mento de Horticultura.
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