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THIRD DIVISION

[G.R. No. 86051. September 1, 1992.]

JAI! "!D!SA, Petitioner, #. TH! HONORA$"! %O&RT O' A((!A"S )*+%ITIID! OTORS, IN%.,Respondents.

"e+e-m), S)/+o A--o)te- 3or Petitioner.

)4t)*44o %. G/*4/*+o 3or Private Respondent.

S""A$&S

1. CIVIL LAW; POSSESSION; REQUISITES TO MAKE POSSESSION OF MOVABLEPROPERTY EQUIVALENT TO TITLE. It is quite !e"# t$"t " %"#t& '$( )"* $"s !(st"+& ,(-"!e (# )* $"s ee+ u+!"'/u!!& 0e%#i-e0 t$e#e(/ "+ #e(-e# t$e s",e /#(,t$e %#ese+t %(ssess(# e-e+ i/ t$e !"tte# "qui#e0 it i+ ((0 /"it$ "+0 $"s2 t$e#e/(#e2 tit!et$e#et( /(# u+0e# t$e / i#st se+te+e (/ A#ti!e 3342 su$ ,"++e# (/ "quisiti(+ isequi-"!e+t t( " tit!e. T$e#e "#e t$#ee )5* #equisites t( ,"6e %(ssessi(+ (/ ,(-"!e%#(%e#t& equi-"!e+t t( tit!e2 +",e!&7 )"* t$e %(ssessi(+ s$(u!0 e i+ ((0 /"it$; )* t$e('+e# -(!u+t"#i!& %"#te0 'it$ t$e %(ssessi(+ (/ t$e t$i+; "+0 )* t$e %(ssessi(+ is i+

t$e (+e%t (/ ('+e#. )TOLENTINO2 A.M.2 Ci-i! C(0e (/ t$e P$i!i%%i+es2 V(!. II2 1485e0.2 9:39:ERATION; EFFECT TEREOF. T$e#e '"s " %e#/ete0 u+(+0iti(+"!(+t#"t (/ s"!e et'ee+ %#i-"te #es%(+0e+t "+0 t$e (#ii+"! -e+0ee. T$e /(#,e#-(!u+t"#i!& "use0 t$e t#"+s/e# (/ t$e e#ti/i"te (/ #eist#"ti(+ (/ t$e -e$i!e i+ t$e+",e (/ t$e /i#st -e+0ee e-e+ i/ t$e s"i0 -e+0ee '"s #e%#ese+te0 & s(,e(+e '$(use0 " /ititi(us +",e "+0 !i6e'ise -(!u+t"#i!& 0e!i-e#e0 t$e "#s "+0 t$e e#ti/i"te

(/ #eist#"ti(+ t( t$e -e+0ees "!!ee0 #e%#ese+t"ti-e Tit!e t$e#et( '"s /(#t$'it$t#"+s/e##e0 t( t$e -e+0ee. T$e suseque+t 0is$(+(# (/ t$e $e6 e"use (/ t$e"!te#"ti(+ ,e#e!& ",(u+te0 t( " /"i!u#e (/ (+si0e#"ti(+ '$i$ 0(es +(t #e+0e# t$e(+t#"t (/ s"!e -(i02 ut ,e#e!& "!!('s t$e %#e@u0ie0 %"#t& t( sue /(# s%ei/i%e#/(#,"+e (# #esissi(+ (/ t$e (+t#"t2 "+0 t( %#(seute t$e i,%(st(# /(# est"/"u+0e# A#ti!e 513 (/ t$e Re-ise0 Pe+"! C(0e.

D ! % I S I O N

DAVID!, JR., J.

Petiti(+e# i,%u+s t$e >eisi(+ (/ 99 Se%te,e# 1488 (/ #es%(+0e+t C(u#t (/ A%%e"!s1 i+ C.A.D.R. CV N(. ?3433 9 #e-e#si+ t$e 0eisi(+ (/ t$e+ B#"+$ VIIIB )Que(+Cit&* (/ t$e t$e+ C(u#t (/ Fi#st I+st"+e )+(' Rei(+"! T#i"! C(u#t* (/ Ri"! i+ " #e%!e-i+"se2 Ci-i! C"se N(. Q9=9??2 t$e 0is%(siti-e %(#ti(+ (/ '$i$#e"0s7$"+#(!es-i#tu"!"'!i#"#&

GA(#0i+!&2 t$e C(u#t (#0e#s t$e %!"i+ti// t( #etu#+ t$e #e%(ssesse0 Isuu De,i+i214:: M(0e! -e$i!e2 su@et (/ t$is "se t( t$e 0e/e+0"+t Le0es,". T$e i+i0e+t"!!"i, )si* /(# 0","es %#(/esse0 & t$e %!"i+ti// "#e 0is,isse0 /(# !"6 (/ ,e#it. O+0e/e+0"+ts (u+te#!"i,2 C(u#t )si* ,"6es +( %#(+(u+e,e+t "s t( "+& /(#, (/0","es2 %"#tiu!"#!&2 ,(#"!2 ee,%!"#& "+0 +(,i+"! i+ -ie' (/ t$e /"t t$"t Citi'i0e$"s " %e#/et #i$t t( !iti"te its !"i,2 "!eit & t$is %#(+(u+e,e+t2 it 0i0 +(tsuee0.G 5

'$i$ '"s su%%!e,e+te0 & " Fi+"! O#0e# 0"te0 9< Hu+e 148?2 t$e 0is%(siti-e %(#ti(+(/ '$i$ #e"0s7@7$"+#(!es.(,.%$

GIN VIEW OF TE FOREDOIND2 t$e C(u#t #"+ts 0e/e+0"+t Le0es," t$e su, (/P532???.?? & '"& (/ "tu"! 0","es #e(-e#"!e u%(+ %!"i+ti//s #e%!e-i+ (+0.P!"i+ti// "+0 its su#et&2 t$e Ri"! Su#et& "+0 I+su#"+e C(.2 "#e $e#e& (#0e#e0 @(i+t!&"+0 se-e#"!!& t( %"& 0e/e+0"+t H"i,e Le0es," t$e su, (/ P1?2???.?? "s 0","es /(#t$e '#(+/u! issue (/ t$e '#it (/ seiu#e2 i+ !i+e 'it$ Ru!e 3:2 Se. 9?2 i+(#%(#"te0 i+Ru!e

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SCRA =8

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#e%#ese+t"ti-e Tit!e t$e#et( '"s /(#t$'it$ t#"+s/e##e0 t( t$e -e+0ee. T$e suseque+t0is$(+(# (/ t$e $e6 e"use (/ t$e "!te#"ti(+ ,e#e!& ",(u+te0 t( " /"i!u#e (/(+si0e#"ti(+ '$i$ 0(es +(t #e+0e# t$e (+t#"t (/ s"!e -(i02 ut ,e#e!& "!!('s t$e%#e@u0ie0 %"#t& t( sue /(# s%ei/i %e#/(#,"+e (# #esissi(+ (/ t$e (+t#"t2 "+0 t(%#(seute t$e i,%(st(# /(# est"/" u+0e# A#ti!e 513 (/ t$e Re-ise0 Pe+"! C(0e. T$is ist$e #u!e e+u+i"te0 i+ E>CA Pu!is$i+ "+0 >ist#iuti+ C(#%. -. S"+t(s2 19 t$e /"ts(/ '$i$ 0( +(t ,"te#i"!!& "+0 sust"+ti"!!& 0i//e# /#(, t$(se (t"i+i+ i+ t$e i+st"+t"se. I+ s"i0 "se2 " %e#s(+ i0e+ti/&i+ $i,se!/ "s P#(/ess(# H(se C#u2 0e"+ (/ t$e >e!" S"!!e C(!!ee2 %!"e0 "+ (#0e# & te!e%$(+e 'it$ %etiti(+e# /(# =?< ((6s2 %"&"!eu%(+ 0e!i-e#&. Petiti(+e# "#ee02 %#e%"#e0 t$e (##es%(+0i+ i+-(ie "+0 0e!i-e#e0 t$e

((6s "s (#0e#e02 /(# '$i$ C#u issue0 " %e#s(+"! $e6 (-e#i+ t$e %u#$"se%#ie. T'( )9* 0"&s !"te#2 C#u s(!0 19? ((6s t( %#i-"te #es%(+0e+t Le(+(# S"+t(s'$(2 "/te# -e#i/&i+ t$e se!!e#s ('+e#s$i% /#(, t$e i+-(ie t$e /(#,e# $"0 s$('+ $e#2%"i0 t$e %u#$"se %#ie (/ P12:??.??. Petiti(+e# e",e sus%ii(us (-e# " se(+0(#0e# %!"e0 & C#u e-e+ e/(#e $is /i#st $e6 $"0 !e"#e02 $e+e2 it ,"0e i+qui#ies'it$ t$e >e !" S"!!e C(!!ee. T$e !"tte# i+/(#,e0 t$e %etiti(+e# t$"t C#u '"s +(t i+ itse,%!(&. Fu#t$e# -e#i/i"ti(+ #e-e"!e0 t$"t C#u $"0 +( ,(#e "(u+t (# 0e%(sit 'it$t$e "+6 ""i+st '$i$ $e 0#e' t$e $e6. Petiti(+e# s(u$t t$e "ssist"+e (/ t$e%(!ie '$i$ t$e+ set " t#"% "+0 "##este0 C#u. I+-esti"ti(+ 0is!(se0 $is #e"! +",e2T(,"s 0e !" Pe"2 "+0 $is s"!e (/ 19? (/ t$e ((6s t( Le(+(# S"+t(s. O+ t$e +i$t (/t$e "##est; t$e %(!ie,e+ '$(se "ssist"+e t$e %etiti(+e# s(u$t2 /(#e0 t$ei# '"& i+t(t$e st(#e (/ Le(+(# "+0 $e# $us"+02 t$#e"te+e0 $e# 'it$ %#(seuti(+ /(# t$e u&i+ (/st(!e+ %#(%e#t&2 seie0 t$e 19? ((6s 'it$(ut " '"##"+t "+0 t$e#e"/te# tu#+e0 s"i0

((6s (-e# t( t$e %etiti(+e#. T$e S"+t(ses t$e+ sue0 /(# #e(-e#& (/ t$e ((6s i+ t$eMu+ii%"! T#i"! C(u#t '$i$ 0ei0e0 i+ t$ei# /"-(#; t$is 0eisi(+ '"s suseque+t!&"//i#,e0 & t$e Rei(+"! T#i"! C(u#t "+0 sust"i+e0 & t$e C(u#t (/ A%%e"!s. e+e2 t$e%etiti(+e# ",e t( t$is C(u#t & '"& (/ " %etiti(+ /(# #e-ie' '$e#ei+ it i+sists t$"t it '"su+!"'/u!!& 0e%#i-e0 (/ t$e ((6s e"use "s t$e $e6 (u+e0 /(# !"6 (/ /u+0s2 t$e#e'"s /"i!u#e (/ (+si0e#"ti(+ t$"t +u!!i/ie0 t$e (+t#"t (/ s"!e et'ee+ it "+0 t$ei,%(st(# '$( t$e+ "qui#e0 +( tit!e (-e# t$e ((6s. We #e@ete0 s"i0 !"i, i+ t$is'ise7@7$"+#(!es.(,.%$

GT$e (+t#"t (/ s"!e is (+se+su"! "+0 is %e#/ete0 (+e "#ee,e+t is #e"$e0et'ee+ t$e %"#ties (+ t$e su@et ,"tte# "+0 t$e (+si0e#"ti(+. A(#0i+ t( t$e Ci-i!C(0e7$"+#(1es -i#tu"! 1"' !i#"#&

ART. 1=:3. T$e (+t#"t (/ s"!e is %e#/ete0 "t t$e ,(,e+t t$e#e is " ,eeti+ (/ ,i+0s

u%(+ t$e t$i+ '$i$ is t$e (@et (/ t$e (+t#"t "+0 u%(+ t$e %#ie.

F#(, t$"t ,(,e+t2 t$e %"#ties ,"& #ei%#("!!& 0e,"+0 %e#/(#,"+e2 su@et t( t$e%#(-isi(+s (/ t$e !"' (-e#+i+ t$e /(#, (/ (+t#"ts.$"+#(!es.(, 7 -i#tu"! !"'!i#"#&

x x x

ART. 1=::. T$e ('+e#s$i% (/ t$e t$i+ s(!0 s$"!! e t#"+s/e##e0 t( t$e -e+0ee u%(+ t$e"tu"! (# (+st#uti-e 0e!i-e#& t$e#e(/.

ART. 1=:8. T$e %"#ties ,"& sti%u!"te t$"t ('+e#s$i% i+ t$e t$i+ s$"!! +(t %"ss t( t$e%u#$"se# u+ti! $e $"s /u!!& %"i0 t$e %#ie.

It is !e"# /#(, t$e "(-e %#(-isi(+s2 %"#tiu!"#!& t$e !"st (+e qu(te02 t$"t ('+e#s$i% i+t$e t$i+ s(!0 s$"!! +(t %"ss t( t$e u&e# u+ti! /u!! %"&,e+t (/ t$e %u#$"se %#ie (+!& i/t$e#e is " sti%u!"ti(+ t( t$"t e//et. Ot$e#'ise2 t$e #u!e is t$"t su$ ('+e#s$i% s$"!!%"ss /#(, t$e -e+0(# t( t$e -e+0ee u%(+ t$e "tu"! (# (+st#uti-e 0e!i-e#& (/ t$et$i+ s(!0 e-e+ i/ t$e %u#$"se %#ie $"s +(t &et ee+ %"i0.

N(+%"&,e+t (+!& #e"tes " #i$t t( 0e,"+0 %"&,e+t (# t( #esi+0 t$e (+t#"t2 (# t(

#i,i+"! %#(seuti(+ i+ t$e "se (/ (u+i+ $e6s. But "se+t t$e sti%u!"ti(+ "(-e+(te02 0e!i-e#& (/ t$e t$i+ s(!0 'i!! e//eti-e!& t#"+s/e# ('+e#s$i% t( t$e u&e# '$( "+i+ tu#+ t#"+s/e# it t( "+(t$e#.G 15

I+ t$e e"#!& "se (/ C$u" "i -. (+. K"%u+"+2 1= (+e R(e#t( S(t( %u#$"se0 /#(,t$e Y(u+st('+ "#0'"#e2 ('+e0 & %#i-"te #es%(+0e+t2 (##u"te0 "!-"+ie0 i#(+s$eets "+0 #(u+0 i#(+ "#s /(# P

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)1* T$(se '$e#e (+e (/ t$e %"#ties is i+"%"!e (/ i-i+ (+se+t t( " (+t#"t;

)9* T$(se '$e#e t$e (+se+t is -iti"te0 & ,ist"6e2 -i(!e+e2 i+ti,i0"ti(+2 u+0uei+/!ue+e (# /#"u0.

T$ese (+t#"ts "#e i+0i+2 u+!ess t$e& "#e "++u!!e0 & " %#(%e# "ti(+ i+ (u#t. T$e&"#e suse%ti!e (/ #"ti/i"ti(+.

A#ee"!& t( t$is %#(-isi(+2 A#ti!e 13?< %#es#ies7$"+#(1es -i#tu"! 1"' !i#"#&

ARTICLE 13?E "+0 t$e >eisi(+ (/ t$e t#i"! (u#t (/ 5 Se%te,e# 14:4 "+0 itsFi+"! O#0e# (/ 9< Hu+e 148? i+ Ci-i! C"se N(. Q9=9?? "#e $e#e& REINSTATE>2 'it$(sts ""i+st %#i-"te #es%(+0e+t Citi'i0e M(t(#s2 I+.

SO OR>ERE>.

5