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NDICE

INTRODUCCIN

CAPTULO I

NOCIONES BSICAS SOBRE CATEGORAS ..

DE COGNICIN LGICA

CAPTULO II

LAS CATEGORAS COMO PUNTO DE APOYO ..

DEL CONOCIMIENTO Y LA PRCTICACAPTULO III

DESARROLLO HISTRICO DE LAS ..

CATEGORAS

CAPTULO IV

LAS CATEGORAS DEL DESARROLLO Y DEL ..

CAMBIO

CAPTULO V

LO SINGULAR ..

CAPTULO VI

LO UNIVERSAL ..

CAPTULO VII

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LINCOGRAFA ..

INTRODUCCIN

Hasa !a a"#a!$%a% &! '()*+& 'a +aa%( %& %&s"#*+$+, !(s s&"+&(s #& s& &s"(-%&-&- !( )s +&"/-%$( %&-+( %&! )#-%( (*0&$1(.

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Es& &s #-( %& !(s 2+(*!&)as )s s(*+&!!&1a%( &- !a %$s"#s$/- %&-+( %& !( #& s&+&3$&+& a! )&"a-$s)( %&! "#a! s& !(4+a+ #- "(-("$)$&-( %& !a !/4$"a.

P(+ &s( &! )a&+$a!$s)( %$a!5"$"( s& 'a a2(6a%( &- !as "a&4(+7as +&!a"$(-a!&s %& !a

"(4-$"$/- !/4$"aE- &s& +a*a0( s& &82!a6a "()( &sas "a&4(+7as 2(%+7a- a6#%a+-(s a %a+ #- &-3(#&)&0(+ s(*+& !a 1$%a #& s(*+&!!&1a)(s, "()( -(s %&s2&0a+ %#%as ( "(-"&2"$(-&s #&-(s 'a #&%a%( 2&+&--& &- &! a2+&-%$9a0& #$9s %&s"$3+a+ sa*&+ s(*+& !a +&!a"$/- #&$&-& !( s$-4#!a+, #-$1&+sa! 6 2a+$"#!a+.

Ta)*$5- !a )(-(4+a37a +aa "()( a !( !a+4( %& !a '$s(+$a 'a $%( "a)*$a-%( !as"a&4(+7as +&!a"$(-a!&s %& !a "(4-$"$/- %$a!5"$"a %&s%& A+$s/&!&s #$&- s& 2(%+7a%&"$+ #& 3#& &! 2$(-&+( &- &s& &)a 6 %& a'7 2asa+(- )#"'(s &s#%$(s(s s(*+& &!&)a "()( H&4&!, :a- 6 &-+& (+(s, (%(s %a-%( s# 2#-( %& 1$sa a!4#-(s %& &!!(s"($-"$%7a- &- a!4#-(s &-#-"$a%(s 2&+( (+( s& +&3#a*a- #$9s 2(+ &! 2&-sa)$&-(#& !!&1a*a- #& &+a %$s$-(, )& +&3$&+( a! $%&a!$s)( 6 a! )a&+$a!$s)(.

;. REALIDAD PROBLEMTICAs&

2#&%&- &82!$"a+ s&4=- !as $%&-$%a%&s 5-$"as, 2#&s &!!as &s- !$4a%as 3#&+&)&-&"(- &! &s2a"$(, $&)2( 6 &! "#&+2(?

E! )a&+$a!$s)( %$a!5"$"( s& 'a s(s&-$%( &- !as "a&4(+7as +&!a"$(-a!&s %& !a"(4-$"$/- %$a!5"$"a, a-&s %& s&4#$+ 'a*!a-%( %& &s& &)a s& %&*& &-&+ #-a $%&a"!a+a 6 2+&"$sa s(*+& !as "a&4(+7as %& !a %$a!5"$"a #& &s s$-( &- !a "$&-"$a &s !a#& &s#%$a !a +&a!$%a% )a&+$a!, -( s(!a)&-& s$s&)a$9a+ !as !&6&s, s$-( #& $+a&!a*(+a-%( "(-"&2(s *as&s, "(-"&2(s 4&-&+a!&s #& s& $+- %&sa++(!!a-%( &-"a%a "$&-"$a.

N#&s+( 2+(*!&)a a 2!a-&a+ &s @"/)( -(s 2#&%& a6#%a+ !as "a&4(+7as %& !a"(4-$"$/- !/4$"a a -#&s+a 1$%a, %& #& -(s 2#&%& s&+1$+ 6 "/)( 2(%&)(sa3$a-9a+-(s %& &!!as 2a+a !(4+a+ #-a "a!$%a% %& 1$%a a%&"#a%a 6 "/)( sa*&+ "/)($-3!#6( &sas "a&4(+7as a !( !a+4( %& -#&s+( 2+("&s( s("$a! '$s/+$"( &- (%(s !(s)*$(s "(-("$%(s 2(+ &! s&+ 2&-sa-&

C.;.; ENUNCIADO DEL PROBLEMA+&a! ()&-a!)&-&? &- 2a+&s '()(45-&as 6 '&&+(45-&as.

C%--< Es a#&!!( &- 1$+#% %& !( "#a! a!4#$&- $&-& a!4(, &s %&"$+, 2a+a

A+$s/&!&s &s( &+a a!4( #& !a 4&-& 6 !(s (*0&(s $&-&-. P#&%& &-&-%&+s&&sa "(-"&2"$/- &-&-%$&-%( #& !as "#a!$%a%&s s(- 2+(2$&%a%&s, "()( +(0(,a9#!, s2&+(, 2&sa%(, &".

R/+*< Es )()&-( -&"&sa+$( %& $-&+"(-&8$/- %& (%(s !(s 3&-/)&-(s,

"(-%#"$%( 2(+ !a #-$%a% )a&+$a! %&! )#-%(, !as +&!a"$(-&s &-+& !as "(sas s(-a- (*0&$1as "()( !as "(sas )$s)as. Las "(sas -( &8$s&- a! )a+4&- %& !a+&!a"$/- &sa &s s$&)2+& #-a +&!a"$/- %& "(sas. La &8$s&-"$a %& (%a "(sa, s#s2&"#!$a+$%a%&s 6 2+(2$&%a%&s (*0&$1as.

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L%"< Es &! &s2a"$( ("#2a%( ( #& 2#&%& s&+ ("#2a%( 2(+ #- "#&+2(

"#a!#$&+a. S$$( #& &- #-a s&+$& %& (+%&-a%a %& -()*+&s ("#2a "a%a #-( %&&!!(s. E! !#4a+ &s !( +&3&+&-& a #-a 2(+"$/- %&! &s2a"$( >#*$"a%( &s( &- !a-("$/- %& &8&+$(+$%a% $-3$-$a? &- !a #& 2#&%& &sa+ #- (*0&( ( "#&+2(.

T/34< La )a&+$a, &- s# )(1$)$&-(, )a-$3$&sa "$"!(s. La )a4-$#% #&

&sa 2+(2$&%a% 4&-&+a s& !& !!a)a $&)2(. E! $&)2( &s !a )a4-$#% 37s$"a #&)$%& !a %#+a"$/- ( s&2a+a"$/- %& !as "(sas s#0&as a "a)*$(, &s( &s, &!2&+$(%( #& +a-s"#++& &-& %(s &1&-(s "(-s&"#$1(s #& s& )$%&- %& #-2asa%( 'a"$a #- 3##+(, 2asa%( 2(+ #- 2+&s&-&.

S%+*< A""$/- 6 &3&"( %& s$#a+ ( s$#a+s&. D$s2(s$"$/- %& #-a "(sa "(-

+&s2&"( a! !#4a+ #& ("#2a. R&a!$%a% #& +$&+& %& #-a +&s2#&sa 2#&%& s&+#- 2+(*!&)a #& %&*& s(!#"$(-a+s&, #-a &!&""$/- &-+& %(s a!&+-a$1as ( !a

s$)2!& -&"&s$%a% %& %a+ #-a +&s2#&sa 1&+*a!.

C4*-+*< S$#a"$/- ( "$+"#-sa-"$a $-%$s2&-sa*!& 2a+a !a &8$s&-"$a %& (+a.

C$+"#-sa-"$as #& a3&"a- a #- 2+("&s( ( a! &sa%( %& #-a 2&+s(-a ( "(sa.Ca%a "(sa s(*+& !a $&++a &s "(-%$"$(-a%a 2(+ 3a"(+&s a0&-(s 6 -( a0&-(s a&sa "(sa.

A++*< Es !( -&"&sa+$( 2a+a #& s& 2+(%#9"a #- &3&"( &- !as "(sas, &s

&! a+05 )a-$3&sa%( 2(+ !a )a&+$a 2a+a 'a"&+ &3&"( &- !(s 2+("&s(s %&!%&1&-$+ &- !as 2&+s(-as 6 "(sas. S& 2#&%& %$3&+&-"$a+ s&4=- &! !a2s(

"(-s$%&+a%( &- a""$/- $-sa--&a, a""$/- 2+()&%$(, &". P'*< S& +&3$&+& a !as &)("$(-&s ( s&-$)$&-(s )#6 $-&-s(s. Es #- &sa%(

2(s$$1( &- &! #& s& &-"#&-+a &! s#0&(. La 2as$/- a)*$5- s& 2#&%& %&3$-$+"()( !a a3$"$/- ( &! $-&+5s 2+(3#-%( s(*+& #- &)a. Ta)*$5- s& as("$a a !(#& s& s$&-& "#a-%( 'a6 #-a )($1a"$/- ( a2as$(-a)$&-( 2(+ &! $-&+5s &-#-a )&a a a!"a-9a+.

Loc+e pensaba que lo general es solo un nombre, un signo negndolo toda esencia

real. "eg)n !l, existe solamente los singular.

(ROSENTAL Y STRAKS, 1965, P!". 15)

N( %$"& #& !( #-$1&+sa! ( 4&-&+a! &s #-a "+&a"$/- %& !a +a9/-, #-a 2a!a*+a #& #-&!as 2+(2$&%a%&s %& !(s (*0&(s, 2&+"$*$%a %&s 2(+ !(s /+4a-(s s&-s(+$a!&s.

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B&+&!&6 -(s %$"&"a#sa 6 &3&"(? C()#-$%a% >a""$/- +&"72+("a &-+& &! a4&-& 6 &! 2a"$&-&?

%? D& !a )(%a!$%a%< P(s$*$!$%a%$)2(s$*$!$%a%

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E8$s&-"$a -( &8$s&-"$a N&"&s$%a% "(-$-4&-"$a

#ara %egel, las categoras representan formas del ser mismo, y slo por serlo

constituyen, al mismo tiempo, formas del pensamiento.

(ROSENTAL Y STRAKS, 1965, P!". 22)

Las "a&4(+7as %& H&4&! s(- (+$&-a%as &- !a "(++$&-& $%&a!$sa 2(+ &s( !("a+a"&+7s$"( %& &!!as. E- !a &82&+$&-"$a "($%$a-a 6 &- !a "(-"&2"$/- )a&+$a!$sa1#!4a+ %&! "(-("$)$&-(, %$s$-4#$)(s "(- "!a+$%a% +&s "(sasUASD? :URSANOV FV. ;K. Ma&+$a!$s)( D$a!5"$"(. E%$(+$a! Ca+a4(. A+4&-$-a. ROSENTAL, M Y STRAA:S G. ;K. Ca&4(+7as %&! )a&+$a!$s)( %$a!5"$"(.

E%$(+$a! G+$0a!*( S.A. M58$"( DF. BALTODANO V7"(+. ;KK. L&""$(-&s %& F$!(s(37a "(-&)2(+-&a. E%$(+$a!

L$*&+a%. AFANASIEV, V7"(+. ;KJJ.Ma-#a! %& F$!(s(37a, E%$(+$a! La$-(a)&+$"a-a,

P&+=.

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M.M. R(s&-a! P.F. I#%$-. . D$""$(-a+$( F$!(s/3$"(. E%$(+$a! Sa- Sa-$a4(

S.R.L.P&+=.

LINCO;RAFA

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