Decisiones de retiro, sostenibilidad del sistema de pensiones y viabilidad financiera de la ley de...

Decisiones de retiro, sostenibilidad del sistema de pensiones y viabilidad financiera de la ley de dependenciaJos M. Labeaga

23 de marzo de 2009

ObjetivosAnlisis de la sostenibilidad del sistema de bienestar (en especial del sistema de pensiones) bajo las restricciones financieras del la nueva ley que cubre la dependenciaRealizar propuestas de co-pago para asegurar la sostenibilidadAnalizar las decisions de retiro con el fin de predecir situaciones a nivel agregado (por simulacin) que hagan compatible la adecuacin de las pensiones a nivel individual con la sostenibilidad del sistema a nivel macroeconmicoAnalizamos el consumo por edades (para ver si es posible realizar reformas en el sistema sanitario que permitan eliminar la cobertura universal para determinados pensionistas)Analizamos las decisiones de jubilacin, individual y conjuntamente (para chequear si el sistema es sostenible con los actuales patrones de retiro)Qu cambios se han de introducir para que el nuevo sistema de bienestar, que incluye la cobertura de la dependencia, sea sostenible a largo plazo?

individuomercadobienessector pblicoimpuestos S. S.saluddepend.pension.Bienestar individual (adecuacin)Bienestar social (sostenibilidad)oferta

Descripcin de los datos

Consumo

Descripcin de los datos

Cuestiones (y preguntas?)

Cuestiones (y preguntas?)Se ve el consumo afectado al jubilarse? (i.e., consumption-retirement puzzle?) Solo en los bienes subsidiados se reducePero existe un ajuste que afecta a casi todos los bienes (y a niveles de renta bajos el efecto es mayor)Qu debe subsidiar el gobierno (con el fin de mantener la utilidad marginal del consumo constante a lo largo del ciclo vital)? Los sistemas de pensiones deben cubrir este requisito de la adecuacinPor tanto, se debe subsidiar con medidas micro (sin que haya necesidad de cobertura universal a diferentes niveles de renta)

Jubilacin

Transiciones en el mercado de trabajo (EU-12 hombres)

Transiciones en el mercado de trabajo (EU-12 mujeres)

Transiciones en el mercado de trabajo (EU-12 parejas)

Cuestiones (y preguntas?)Por qu se retiran anticipadamente los individuos? Por cuestiones legales, econmicas, sociales y de saludEn el futuro seguramente veremos en Espaa lo que ya sucede en numerosos pases europeos que es retiro conjunto, por el gran incremento en la participacin laboral femenina en los ltimos aos. Estas decisiones se producen por numerosas razones, siendo una importante la posibilidad de compartir el ocio. Posibles polticas: cambiar la edad de jubilacin, introducir incentivos econmicos, cambios en el mercado de trabajo, incentivos para conseguir trabajos de mejor calidad (i.e. polticas de educacin y formacin en el puesto de trabajo)Los problemas de salud constituyen otra razn de retiro conjunto (con asimetras entre hombres y mujeres a causa de las diferencias salariales). Posibles polticas: desincentivos a la discriminacin salarial o discriminacin positiva para compensar perodos de fecundidad)

Perfiles de productividad edad por nivel educativoHombresMujeres

Participacin laboral de trabajadores de ms edad (hombres, PHOGUE)

Grfico1

94.9796.7595.9494.9295.2294.1796.1395.5796.3793.9492.695.2394.3492.9289.28

90.890.0388.9991.7493.7591.2994.0193.5991.8990.5791.3986.5386.988.8385.54

75.7767.8971.0374.888.8777.7279.0771.3881.0976.8981.9167.2261.8479.0873.08

58.9743.8950.8353.681.2261.9952.4443.9967.8452.0670.6153.4941.369.6563.5

49.622.9237.5645.967.4252.1442.7929.1657.0341.0667.9948.6729.269.1157.5

41.2712.8526.5638.257.444.3337.3916.6349.0625.3264.1240.9822.464.8146.7

37.410.6725.532.449.0942.1234.239.1346.8916.0759.0936.6314.261.3242.7

33.02920.120.140.3636.6228.057.2942.938.7259.1431.08960.1636.5

29.187.8719.6115.434.529.5524.076.2538.139.7252.3826.46.456.6432.3

15.755.6311.618.0525.885.3612.713.1518.356.1933.5214.44.7840.2815.8

9.812.356.032.0417.922.167.931.5911.784.4722.897.411.3628.697.08

4.592.422.211.523.910.432.061.114.61.8714.012.75013.192.55

Pool

AU

BE

DE

DK

SP

FI

FR

GR

NL

IR

IT

LU

PO

UK

Labour force participation rates (Males)

lfpr

MALE

PoolAUBEDEDKSPFIFRGRNLIRITLUPOUK

45-4994.9796.7595.9494.9295.2294.1796.1395.5796.3793.9492.695.2394.3492.9289.28

50-5490.890.0388.9991.7493.7591.2994.0193.5991.8990.5791.3986.5386.988.8385.54

55-5975.7767.8971.0374.888.8777.7279.0771.3881.0976.8981.9167.2261.8479.0873.08

6058.9743.8950.8353.681.2261.9952.4443.9967.8452.0670.6153.4941.369.6563.5

6149.622.9237.5645.967.4252.1442.7929.1657.0341.0667.9948.6729.269.1157.5

6241.2712.8526.5638.257.444.3337.3916.6349.0625.3264.1240.9822.464.8146.7

6337.410.6725.532.449.0942.1234.239.1346.8916.0759.0936.6314.261.3242.7

6433.02920.120.140.3636.6228.057.2942.938.7259.1431.08960.1636.5

6529.187.8719.6115.434.529.5524.076.2538.139.7252.3826.46.456.6432.3

66-6915.755.6311.618.0525.885.3612.713.1518.356.1933.5214.44.7840.2815.8

70-749.812.356.032.0417.922.167.931.5911.784.4722.897.411.3628.697.08

>= 754.592.422.211.523.910.432.061.114.61.8714.012.75013.192.55

FEMALE


45-4967.272.037372.2490.9152.1993.3275.8155.8170.3751.3158.3141.4868.0369.34

50-5458.0765.6356.4765.984.441.6590.0268.4845.7161.3444.6745.1531.459.1366.5

55-5941.9433.7838.3149.8273.3228.4978.249.9933.9543.8530.8930.4419.9248.4350.04

6029.2817.0920.5531.157.7523.1452.3829.6824.1329.0324.1920.3612.143.4136.2

6123.411.0713.9222.845.2519.4141.8319.5921.0423.0120.9915.210.942.8326.8

6219.1210.959.6215.631.5818.1334.1311.3918.9114.0418.812.381038.0322.5

6316.129.767.6912.124.7414.2431.127.5614.7911.9717.288.647.436.0519.9

6413.724.985.957.626.4412.39256.0215.369.2715.046.647.329.8316.5

6511.623.517.283.119.2811.3912.974.8215.256.710.924.675.226.410.3

66-696.161.764.382.511.13.115.632.157.213.216.154.091.717.776.93

70-742.921.541.360.92.961.292.470.92.990.714.362.030.59.772.1

>= 751.391.170.360.232.140.390.20.231.310.191.450.60.065.220.21

lfpr

Pool

AU

BE

DE

DK

SP

FI

FR

GR

NL

IR

IT

LU

PO

UK


employmentrates

Pool

AU

BE

DE

DK

SP

FI

FR

GR

NL

IR

IT

LU

PO

UK

Labour force participation rates (Females)

unemploymentrates

inactivityrates

retirementtransitions

transitions

MALE


45-490.310.560.240.740.540.060.640.160.8800.120.880.720.80.48

50-541.552.661.582.180.560.640.8212.501.33.982.443.182.3

55-595.5312.326.827.942.543.166.128.146.60.643.5610.1818.84.986.26

6017.1453.919.623.719.320.228.636.611.32.54.714.141.47.612.7

6119.0262.535.436.227.521.836.144.414.53.18.518.144.18.912.8

6214.541.716.738.515.920.324.745.912.4210.418.845.81014.8

6313.2623.521.839.934.619.42523.512.33.28.915.933.39.315.7

6414.5723.116.757.833.326.823.624.314.94.36.515558.621.3

6533.157.131.655.417.863.629.83733.262834.846.725.756.9

66-6925.4746.4546.8559.0340.3357.2833.6531.63395.5817.8832.5548.8822.1343.9

70-7425.329032.1242.6837.0861.5232.226.8639.367.8815.9837.4836.6624.8237.84

>=7528.3624.2440.9161.4439.5172.6327.2719.6941.412.4719.0542.9718.1840.5340.84

FEMALE


45-490.40.70.91.520.5400.240.120.8600.120.422.11.040.9

50-541.151.661.822.182.320.241.260.542.140.120.221.942.882.262.62

55-593.6110.66.765.824.580.55.464.683.740.241.084.24.24.128.18

6011.517.816.217.321.72.430.126.96.30.30.812.55.9736.1

6110.8714.141.744.635.73.22626.44.20.31.21010.98.933

626.966.229.14123.2325.311.96.50.62.38.38.18.139.5

637.036.921.336.323.7331.3106.60.327.17.311.337.2

648.4810.723.232.228.35.138.96.76.902.669.718.234.7

6513.226.915.623.51814.753.324.9191.27.76.66.615.741.1

66-6912.747.628.3352.1546.489.9355.3313.823.381.7346.67.6320.3338.23

70-7410.558.523.6638.82708.56407.2221.941.422.245.949.619.4849.22

>=7512.038.8839.3349.5227.2711.3827.278.2525.881.914.336.5815.5721.3550.11

MalesFemales

45-490.310.4

50-541.551.15

55-595.533.61

6017.1411.5

6119.0210.87

6214.56.96

6313.267.03

6414.578.48

6533.113.22

66-6925.4712.74

70-7425.3210.55

>=7528.3612.03

transitions

Males

Females

Transitions out of the labour force to retirement

retirement age

MALE

E-RE-UE-CRemain EU-RC-RRemain RRemain U C

45-490.451.990.1792.590.040.021.433.31

50-541.652.210.1787.440.140.034.43.96

55-594.862.770.3369.940.560.1315.85.63

609.872.060.5549.713.220.4829.284.82

6110.131.250.4241.782.850.2940.093.19

627.590.960.6536.882.070.1748.972.72

636.490.830.5933.771.440.1854.052.64

646.770.680.5629.231.160.32592.29

6512.450.280.5120.551.30.2862.951.68

66-695.390.040.5211.50.390.1680.891.11

70-742.80.010.477.310.070.1888.121.04

>=751.860.010.564.450.040.3891.351.35

FEMALE


45-490.371.762.4160.910.060.231.8132.46

50-540.961.572.6652.60.130.453.837.83

55-592.31.442.7735.980.471.1111.4844.45

605.270.912.6321.751.493.5920.3644

615.180.252.8216.232.193.7828.7440.81

624.240.142.2614.260.872.5435.1840.51

633.240.232.1612.920.722.7637.4140.55

643.110.152.1910.380.293.1141.6139.17

653.590.052.177.430.264.8944.0537.55

66-692.280.021.574.640.134.4554.8432.08

70-741.250.021.4630.023.3863.1227.76

>=751.2301.963.460.053.6165.6224.06

retirement age

E-R

E-U

E-C

Remain E

U-R

C-R

Remain R

Remain U C

Transitions by type (Females)

Hoja2

E-R

E-U

E-C

Remain E

U-R

C-R

Remain R

Remain U C

Transitions by type (Males)

Hoja3

Effective average ageMaleFemale

199562.1665.29

199662.1664.32

199761.7364.5

199863.1165.14

199961.8163.95

200061.6964.15

200161.9865.29

1994-200162.1164.64

Productivity thresholds

Pool48.6346.68

Pool countries average49.6747.09

RE4946.53

RE countries average49.4946.97

FE65.4669.4

We calculate age average for each of the years in order to account for cohort effects; whether a populated generation is being retired because of a change in the age structure of the working age population, for instance. We have to note that perhaps 8 wav

MaleFemaleMaleFemale

1995200119952001

Statutory age

59.956.764.963.56560

Belgium63.4636566.96564

Germany58.161.261.161.365

Denmark585663.165.365

Spain64.363.371.270.365

58.159.159.560.263 to 68

France59.85962.460.160

Greece64.359.366.470.56560

The Netherlands63.271.56672.165

Ireland64.36468.370.165

Italy58.862.260.464.76560

Luxembourg60.757.96364.165

Portugal63.464.466.164.965

UK62.463.566.665.96065

1. Effective 1995 ages are 1996 for Austria and 1997 for Finland as there lack the first wave and two first waves in the respective countries. Some strange figures correspond to small sample sizes.

unemployment

MalesFemalesMalesFemales

199519952005Male 1995Male 2005Female 1995Female 2005

EU-158.41186.1EU-158.46.786.1

BE3.8114.44.2BE3.84.44.44.2

DK6.9119.85.1DK6.94.89.85.1

DE10.41113.712.9DE10.413.113.712.9

GR3.6112.94GR3.63.12.94

SP12.811117.8SP12.86.1117.8

IT4114.93.1IT43.74.93.1

FI16.3119.95.8FI16.36.79.95.8

SE7.5117.92.9SE7.55.37.92.9

UK10.2113.91.8UK10.23.43.91.8

EU-15821

BE4.421

DK9.821

DE13.721

GR2.921EU-158.46.716.1

SP1121BE3.84.414.2

IT4.921DK6.94.815.1

FI9.921DE10.413.1112.9

SE7.921GR3.63.114

UK3.921SP12.86.117.8

EU-156.712IT43.713.1

BE4.412FI16.36.715.8

DK4.812SE7.55.312.9

DE13.112UK10.23.411.8

GR3.112EU-1586.12

SP6.112BE4.44.22

IT3.712DK9.85.12

FI6.712DE13.712.92

SE5.312GR2.942

UK3.412SP117.82

EU-156.122IT4.93.12

BE4.222FI9.95.82

DK5.122SE7.92.92

DE12.922UK3.91.82

GR422

SP7.822

IT3.122

FI5.822

SE2.922

UK1.822

Male 1995

Male 2005

Female 1995

Female 2005

Unemployment rates

employment19952005employment19952005

employment rateMales 1995Females 1995Males 2005Females 2005Males 1995Females 1995Males 2005Females 2005

inactive1995a002005a00EU-1547.225.353.135.4EU-1547.225.353.135.4

AU42.218.241.322.9AU42.218.241.322.9

BE33.512.941.722.1BE33.512.941.722.1

55-64geoDK64.735.965.653.5DK64.735.965.653.5

MaleFemale:::42.551.833.7EU-15DE48.527.153.537.5DE48.527.153.537.5

FI35.633.452.852.7FI35.633.452.852.7

FR33.825.640.735.2FR33.825.640.735.2

GR59.624.158.825.8GR59.624.158.825.8

IR59.818.665.737.3IR59.818.665.737.3

TotalMalesFemalesTotalMalesFemalesIT44.613.542.720.8IT44.613.542.720.8

DK29.844.3DKDE37.748.527.145.453.537.5DELU35.112.638.324.9LU35.112.638.324.9

DE39.257.2DEIR39.259.818.651.665.737.3IRNL39.718.356.935.2NL39.718.356.935.2

GR39.373.1GRSP32.348.417.543.159.727.4SPPO61.432.658.143.7PO61.432.658.143.7

FR56.761.8FRIT28.444.613.531.442.720.8ITSE65.259.272.066.7SE65.259.27266.7

SP48.417.559.727.4SP48.417.559.727.4

IT5678.8ITLU23.735.112.631.738.324.9LUUK56.239.066.048.1UK56.2396648.1

LU60.674.9LUNL28.939.718.346.156.935.2NL

NL40.363.7NLAU29.742.218.231.841.322.9AU

AU57.276.7AUPO46.061.432.650.558.143.7PO

PO37.553.3POFI34.435.633.452.752.852.7FI

FI43.643.9FISE62.065.259.269.472.066.7SE

SE24.232SEUK47.556.239.056.966.048.1UK

UK3250.9UK

time1995a002005a00

sex

geo

:::42.551.833.7

36.047.225.344.153.135.4

22.933.512.931.841.722.1

49.864.735.959.565.653.5

37.748.527.145.4b53.5b37.5b

39.259.818.651.665.737.3

41.059.624.141.658.825.8

32.348.417.543.1b59.7b27.4b

29.633.825.637.940.735.2

28.444.613.531.442.720.8

23.735.112.631.738.324.9

28.939.718.346.156.935.2

29.742.218.231.841.322.9

46.061.432.650.558.143.7

34.435.633.452.752.852.7

62.065.259.269.4b72.0b66.7b

47.556.239.056.966.048.1

44.764.2

43.362.4

56.876

29.844.3

39.257.2

32.261.6

39.373.1

36.770.1

56.761.8

5678.8

60.674.9

40.363.7

57.276.7

37.553.3

43.643.9

24.232

3250.9

Male

Female

Inactivity rates in 2005

Males 1995

Females 1995

Males 2005

Females 2005

Employment rates of older workers (55 to 64 years old)

Participacin laboral de trabajadores de ms edad (mujeres, PHOGUE)

Grfico2

67.272.037372.2490.9152.1993.3275.8155.8170.3751.3158.3141.4868.0369.34

58.0765.6356.4765.984.441.6590.0268.4845.7161.3444.6745.1531.459.1366.5

41.9433.7838.3149.8273.3228.4978.249.9933.9543.8530.8930.4419.9248.4350.04

29.2817.0920.5531.157.7523.1452.3829.6824.1329.0324.1920.3612.143.4136.2

23.411.0713.9222.845.2519.4141.8319.5921.0423.0120.9915.210.942.8326.8

19.1210.959.6215.631.5818.1334.1311.3918.9114.0418.812.381038.0322.5

16.129.767.6912.124.7414.2431.127.5614.7911.9717.288.647.436.0519.9

13.724.985.957.626.4412.39256.0215.369.2715.046.647.329.8316.5

11.623.517.283.119.2811.3912.974.8215.256.710.924.675.226.410.3

6.161.764.382.511.13.115.632.157.213.216.154.091.717.776.93

2.921.541.360.92.961.292.470.92.990.714.362.030.59.772.1

1.391.170.360.232.140.390.20.231.310.191.450.60.065.220.21

Pool

AU

BE

DE

DK

SP

FI

FR

GR

NL

IR

IT

LU

PO

UK


lfpr

MALE


45-4994.9796.7595.9494.9295.2294.1796.1395.5796.3793.9492.695.2394.3492.9289.28

50-5490.890.0388.9991.7493.7591.2994.0193.5991.8990.5791.3986.5386.988.8385.54

55-5975.7767.8971.0374.888.8777.7279.0771.3881.0976.8981.9167.2261.8479.0873.08

6058.9743.8950.8353.681.2261.9952.4443.9967.8452.0670.6153.4941.369.6563.5

6149.622.9237.5645.967.4252.1442.7929.1657.0341.0667.9948.6729.269.1157.5

6241.2712.8526.5638.257.444.3337.3916.6349.0625.3264.1240.9822.464.8146.7

6337.410.6725.532.449.0942.1234.239.1346.8916.0759.0936.6314.261.3242.7

6433.02920.120.140.3636.6228.057.2942.938.7259.1431.08960.1636.5

6529.187.8719.6115.434.529.5524.076.2538.139.7252.3826.46.456.6432.3

66-6915.755.6311.618.0525.885.3612.713.1518.356.1933.5214.44.7840.2815.8

70-749.812.356.032.0417.922.167.931.5911.784.4722.897.411.3628.697.08

>= 754.592.422.211.523.910.432.061.114.61.8714.012.75013.192.55

FEMALE


45-4967.272.037372.2490.9152.1993.3275.8155.8170.3751.3158.3141.4868.0369.34

50-5458.0765.6356.4765.984.441.6590.0268.4845.7161.3444.6745.1531.459.1366.5

55-5941.9433.7838.3149.8273.3228.4978.249.9933.9543.8530.8930.4419.9248.4350.04

6029.2817.0920.5531.157.7523.1452.3829.6824.1329.0324.1920.3612.143.4136.2

6123.411.0713.9222.845.2519.4141.8319.5921.0423.0120.9915.210.942.8326.8

6219.1210.959.6215.631.5818.1334.1311.3918.9114.0418.812.381038.0322.5

6316.129.767.6912.124.7414.2431.127.5614.7911.9717.288.647.436.0519.9

6413.724.985.957.626.4412.39256.0215.369.2715.046.647.329.8316.5

6511.623.517.283.119.2811.3912.974.8215.256.710.924.675.226.410.3

66-696.161.764.382.511.13.115.632.157.213.216.154.091.717.776.93

70-742.921.541.360.92.961.292.470.92.990.714.362.030.59.772.1

>= 751.391.170.360.232.140.390.20.231.310.191.450.60.065.220.21

lfpr

Pool

AU

BE

DE

DK

SP

FI

FR

GR

NL

IR

IT

LU

PO

UK


employmentrates

Pool

AU

BE

DE

DK

SP

FI

FR

GR

NL

IR

IT

LU

PO

UK


unemploymentrates

inactivityrates


transitions

MALE


45-490.310.560.240.740.540.060.640.160.8800.120.880.720.80.48

50-541.552.661.582.180.560.640.8212.501.33.982.443.182.3

55-595.5312.326.827.942.543.166.128.146.60.643.5610.1818.84.986.26

6017.1453.919.623.719.320.228.636.611.32.54.714.141.47.612.7

6119.0262.535.436.227.521.836.144.414.53.18.518.144.18.912.8

6214.541.716.738.515.920.324.745.912.4210.418.845.81014.8

6313.2623.521.839.934.619.42523.512.33.28.915.933.39.315.7

6414.5723.116.757.833.326.823.624.314.94.36.515558.621.3

6533.157.131.655.417.863.629.83733.262834.846.725.756.9

66-6925.4746.4546.8559.0340.3357.2833.6531.63395.5817.8832.5548.8822.1343.9

70-7425.329032.1242.6837.0861.5232.226.8639.367.8815.9837.4836.6624.8237.84

>=7528.3624.2440.9161.4439.5172.6327.2719.6941.412.4719.0542.9718.1840.5340.84

FEMALE


45-490.40.70.91.520.5400.240.120.8600.120.422.11.040.9

50-541.151.661.822.182.320.241.260.542.140.120.221.942.882.262.62

55-593.6110.66.765.824.580.55.464.683.740.241.084.24.24.128.18

6011.517.816.217.321.72.430.126.96.30.30.812.55.9736.1

6110.8714.141.744.635.73.22626.44.20.31.21010.98.933

626.966.229.14123.2325.311.96.50.62.38.38.18.139.5

637.036.921.336.323.7331.3106.60.327.17.311.337.2

648.4810.723.232.228.35.138.96.76.902.669.718.234.7

6513.226.915.623.51814.753.324.9191.27.76.66.615.741.1

66-6912.747.628.3352.1546.489.9355.3313.823.381.7346.67.6320.3338.23

70-7410.558.523.6638.82708.56407.2221.941.422.245.949.619.4849.22

>=7512.038.8839.3349.5227.2711.3827.278.2525.881.914.336.5815.5721.3550.11

MalesFemales

45-490.310.4

50-541.551.15

55-595.533.61

6017.1411.5

6119.0210.87

6214.56.96

6313.267.03

6414.578.48

6533.113.22

66-6925.4712.74

70-7425.3210.55

>=7528.3612.03

transitions

Males

Females


retirement age

MALE


45-490.451.990.1792.590.040.021.433.31

50-541.652.210.1787.440.140.034.43.96

55-594.862.770.3369.940.560.1315.85.63

609.872.060.5549.713.220.4829.284.82

6110.131.250.4241.782.850.2940.093.19

627.590.960.6536.882.070.1748.972.72

636.490.830.5933.771.440.1854.052.64

646.770.680.5629.231.160.32592.29

6512.450.280.5120.551.30.2862.951.68

66-695.390.040.5211.50.390.1680.891.11

70-742.80.010.477.310.070.1888.121.04

>=751.860.010.564.450.040.3891.351.35

FEMALE


45-490.371.762.4160.910.060.231.8132.46

50-540.961.572.6652.60.130.453.837.83

55-592.31.442.7735.980.471.1111.4844.45

605.270.912.6321.751.493.5920.3644

615.180.252.8216.232.193.7828.7440.81

624.240.142.2614.260.872.5435.1840.51

633.240.232.1612.920.722.7637.4140.55

643.110.152.1910.380.293.1141.6139.17

653.590.052.177.430.264.8944.0537.55

66-692.280.021.574.640.134.4554.8432.08

70-741.250.021.4630.023.3863.1227.76

>=751.2301.963.460.053.6165.6224.06

retirement age

E-R

E-U

E-C

Remain E

U-R

C-R

Remain R

Remain U C


Hoja2

E-R

E-U

E-C

Remain E

U-R

C-R

Remain R

Remain U C


Hoja3


199562.1665.29

199662.1664.32

199761.7364.5

199863.1165.14

199961.8163.95

200061.6964.15

200161.9865.29

1994-200162.1164.64


Pool48.6346.68


RE4946.53


FE65.4669.4



1995200119952001

Statutory age

59.956.764.963.56560

Belgium63.4636566.96564

Germany58.161.261.161.365

Denmark585663.165.365

Spain64.363.371.270.365

58.159.159.560.263 to 68

France59.85962.460.160

Greece64.359.366.470.56560


Ireland64.36468.370.165

Italy58.862.260.464.76560

Luxembourg60.757.96364.165

Portugal63.464.466.164.965

UK62.463.566.665.96065


unemployment



EU-158.41186.1EU-158.46.786.1

BE3.8114.44.2BE3.84.44.44.2

DK6.9119.85.1DK6.94.89.85.1

DE10.41113.712.9DE10.413.113.712.9

GR3.6112.94GR3.63.12.94

SP12.811117.8SP12.86.1117.8

IT4114.93.1IT43.74.93.1

FI16.3119.95.8FI16.36.79.95.8

SE7.5117.92.9SE7.55.37.92.9

UK10.2113.91.8UK10.23.43.91.8

EU-15821

BE4.421

DK9.821

DE13.721

GR2.921EU-158.46.716.1

SP1121BE3.84.414.2

IT4.921DK6.94.815.1

FI9.921DE10.413.1112.9

SE7.921GR3.63.114

UK3.921SP12.86.117.8

EU-156.712IT43.713.1

BE4.412FI16.36.715.8

DK4.812SE7.55.312.9

DE13.112UK10.23.411.8

GR3.112EU-1586.12

SP6.112BE4.44.22

IT3.712DK9.85.12

FI6.712DE13.712.92

SE5.312GR2.942

UK3.412SP117.82

EU-156.122IT4.93.12

BE4.222FI9.95.82

DK5.122SE7.92.92

DE12.922UK3.91.82

GR422

SP7.822

IT3.122

FI5.822

SE2.922

UK1.822

Male 1995

Male 2005

Female 1995

Female 2005

Unemployment rates



inactive1995a002005a00EU-1547.225.353.135.4EU-1547.225.353.135.4

AU42.218.241.322.9AU42.218.241.322.9

BE33.512.941.722.1BE33.512.941.722.1

55-64geoDK64.735.965.653.5DK64.735.965.653.5


FI35.633.452.852.7FI35.633.452.852.7

FR33.825.640.735.2FR33.825.640.735.2

GR59.624.158.825.8GR59.624.158.825.8

IR59.818.665.737.3IR59.818.665.737.3


DK29.844.3DKDE37.748.527.145.453.537.5DELU35.112.638.324.9LU35.112.638.324.9

DE39.257.2DEIR39.259.818.651.665.737.3IRNL39.718.356.935.2NL39.718.356.935.2

GR39.373.1GRSP32.348.417.543.159.727.4SPPO61.432.658.143.7PO61.432.658.143.7

FR56.761.8FRIT28.444.613.531.442.720.8ITSE65.259.272.066.7SE65.259.27266.7

SP48.417.559.727.4SP48.417.559.727.4

IT5678.8ITLU23.735.112.631.738.324.9LUUK56.239.066.048.1UK56.2396648.1

LU60.674.9LUNL28.939.718.346.156.935.2NL

NL40.363.7NLAU29.742.218.231.841.322.9AU

AU57.276.7AUPO46.061.432.650.558.143.7PO

PO37.553.3POFI34.435.633.452.752.852.7FI

FI43.643.9FISE62.065.259.269.472.066.7SE

SE24.232SEUK47.556.239.056.966.048.1UK

UK3250.9UK

time1995a002005a00

sex

geo

:::42.551.833.7

36.047.225.344.153.135.4

22.933.512.931.841.722.1

49.864.735.959.565.653.5

37.748.527.145.4b53.5b37.5b

39.259.818.651.665.737.3

41.059.624.141.658.825.8

32.348.417.543.1b59.7b27.4b

29.633.825.637.940.735.2

28.444.613.531.442.720.8

23.735.112.631.738.324.9

28.939.718.346.156.935.2

29.742.218.231.841.322.9

46.061.432.650.558.143.7

34.435.633.452.752.852.7

62.065.259.269.4b72.0b66.7b

47.556.239.056.966.048.1

44.764.2

43.362.4

56.876

29.844.3

39.257.2

32.261.6

39.373.1

36.770.1

56.761.8

5678.8

60.674.9

40.363.7

57.276.7

37.553.3

43.643.9

24.232

3250.9

Male

Female


Males 1995

Females 1995

Males 2005

Females 2005


Tasas de empleo de trabajadores de ms edad

Grfico3

47.225.353.135.4

42.218.241.322.9

33.512.941.722.1

64.735.965.653.5

48.527.153.537.5

35.633.452.852.7

33.825.640.735.2

59.624.158.825.8

59.818.665.737.3

44.613.542.720.8

35.112.638.324.9

39.718.356.935.2

61.432.658.143.7

65.259.27266.7

48.417.559.727.4

56.2396648.1

Males 1995

Females 1995

Males 2005

Females 2005


lfpr

MALE


45-4994.9796.7595.9494.9295.2294.1796.1395.5796.3793.9492.695.2394.3492.9289.28

50-5490.890.0388.9991.7493.7591.2994.0193.5991.8990.5791.3986.5386.988.8385.54

55-5975.7767.8971.0374.888.8777.7279.0771.3881.0976.8981.9167.2261.8479.0873.08

6058.9743.8950.8353.681.2261.9952.4443.9967.8452.0670.6153.4941.369.6563.5

6149.622.9237.5645.967.4252.1442.7929.1657.0341.0667.9948.6729.269.1157.5

6241.2712.8526.5638.257.444.3337.3916.6349.0625.3264.1240.9822.464.8146.7

6337.410.6725.532.449.0942.1234.239.1346.8916.0759.0936.6314.261.3242.7

6433.02920.120.140.3636.6228.057.2942.938.7259.1431.08960.1636.5

6529.187.8719.6115.434.529.5524.076.2538.139.7252.3826.46.456.6432.3

66-6915.755.6311.618.0525.885.3612.713.1518.356.1933.5214.44.7840.2815.8

70-749.812.356.032.0417.922.167.931.5911.784.4722.897.411.3628.697.08

>= 754.592.422.211.523.910.432.061.114.61.8714.012.75013.192.55

FEMALE


45-4967.272.037372.2490.9152.1993.3275.8155.8170.3751.3158.3141.4868.0369.34

50-5458.0765.6356.4765.984.441.6590.0268.4845.7161.3444.6745.1531.459.1366.5

55-5941.9433.7838.3149.8273.3228.4978.249.9933.9543.8530.8930.4419.9248.4350.04

6029.2817.0920.5531.157.7523.1452.3829.6824.1329.0324.1920.3612.143.4136.2

6123.411.0713.9222.845.2519.4141.8319.5921.0423.0120.9915.210.942.8326.8

6219.1210.959.6215.631.5818.1334.1311.3918.9114.0418.812.381038.0322.5

6316.129.767.6912.124.7414.2431.127.5614.7911.9717.288.647.436.0519.9

6413.724.985.957.626.4412.39256.0215.369.2715.046.647.329.8316.5

6511.623.517.283.119.2811.3912.974.8215.256.710.924.675.226.410.3

66-696.161.764.382.511.13.115.632.157.213.216.154.091.717.776.93

70-742.921.541.360.92.961.292.470.92.990.714.362.030.59.772.1

>= 751.391.170.360.232.140.390.20.231.310.191.450.60.065.220.21

lfpr

Pool

AU

BE

DE

DK

SP

FI

FR

GR

NL

IR

IT

LU

PO

UK


employmentrates

Pool

AU

BE

DE

DK

SP

FI

FR

GR

NL

IR

IT

LU

PO

UK


unemploymentrates

inactivityrates


transitions

MALE


45-490.310.560.240.740.540.060.640.160.8800.120.880.720.80.48

50-541.552.661.582.180.560.640.8212.501.33.982.443.182.3

55-595.5312.326.827.942.543.166.128.146.60.643.5610.1818.84.986.26

6017.1453.919.623.719.320.228.636.611.32.54.714.141.47.612.7

6119.0262.535.436.227.521.836.144.414.53.18.518.144.18.912.8

6214.541.716.738.515.920.324.745.912.4210.418.845.81014.8

6313.2623.521.839.934.619.42523.512.33.28.915.933.39.315.7

6414.5723.116.757.833.326.823.624.314.94.36.515558.621.3

6533.157.131.655.417.863.629.83733.262834.846.725.756.9

66-6925.4746.4546.8559.0340.3357.2833.6531.63395.5817.8832.5548.8822.1343.9

70-7425.329032.1242.6837.0861.5232.226.8639.367.8815.9837.4836.6624.8237.84

>=7528.3624.2440.9161.4439.5172.6327.2719.6941.412.4719.0542.9718.1840.5340.84

FEMALE


45-490.40.70.91.520.5400.240.120.8600.120.422.11.040.9

50-541.151.661.822.182.320.241.260.542.140.120.221.942.882.262.62

55-593.6110.66.765.824.580.55.464.683.740.241.084.24.24.128.18

6011.517.816.217.321.72.430.126.96.30.30.812.55.9736.1

6110.8714.141.744.635.73.22626.44.20.31.21010.98.933

626.966.229.14123.2325.311.96.50.62.38.38.18.139.5

637.036.921.336.323.7331.3106.60.327.17.311.337.2

648.4810.723.232.228.35.138.96.76.902.669.718.234.7

6513.226.915.623.51814.753.324.9191.27.76.66.615.741.1

66-6912.747.628.3352.1546.489.9355.3313.823.381.7346.67.6320.3338.23

70-7410.558.523.6638.82708.56407.2221.941.422.245.949.619.4849.22

>=7512.038.8839.3349.5227.2711.3827.278.2525.881.914.336.5815.5721.3550.11

MalesFemales

45-490.310.4

50-541.551.15

55-595.533.61

6017.1411.5

6119.0210.87

6214.56.96

6313.267.03

6414.578.48

6533.113.22

66-6925.4712.74

70-7425.3210.55

>=7528.3612.03

transitions

Males

Females


retirement age

MALE


45-490.451.990.1792.590.040.021.433.31

50-541.652.210.1787.440.140.034.43.96

55-594.862.770.3369.940.560.1315.85.63

609.872.060.5549.713.220.4829.284.82

6110.131.250.4241.782.850.2940.093.19

627.590.960.6536.882.070.1748.972.72

636.490.830.5933.771.440.1854.052.64

646.770.680.5629.231.160.32592.29

6512.450.280.5120.551.30.2862.951.68

66-695.390.040.5211.50.390.1680.891.11

70-742.80.010.477.310.070.1888.121.04

>=751.860.010.564.450.040.3891.351.35

FEMALE


45-490.371.762.4160.910.060.231.8132.46

50-540.961.572.6652.60.130.453.837.83

55-592.31.442.7735.980.471.1111.4844.45

605.270.912.6321.751.493.5920.3644

615.180.252.8216.232.193.7828.7440.81

624.240.142.2614.260.872.5435.1840.51

633.240.232.1612.920.722.7637.4140.55

643.110.152.1910.380.293.1141.6139.17

653.590.052.177.430.264.8944.0537.55

66-692.280.021.574.640.134.4554.8432.08

70-741.250.021.4630.023.3863.1227.76

>=751.2301.963.460.053.6165.6224.06

retirement age

E-R

E-U

E-C

Remain E

U-R

C-R

Remain R

Remain U C


Hoja2

E-R

E-U

E-C

Remain E

U-R

C-R

Remain R

Remain U C


Hoja3


199562.1665.29

199662.1664.32

199761.7364.5

199863.1165.14

199961.8163.95

200061.6964.15

200161.9865.29

1994-200162.1164.64


Pool48.6346.68


RE4946.53


FE65.4669.4



1995200119952001

Statutory age

59.956.764.963.56560

Belgium63.4636566.96564

Germany58.161.261.161.365

Denmark585663.165.365

Spain64.363.371.270.365

58.159.159.560.263 to 68

France59.85962.460.160

Greece64.359.366.470.56560


Ireland64.36468.370.165

Italy58.862.260.464.76560

Luxembourg60.757.96364.165

Portugal63.464.466.164.965

UK62.463.566.665.96065


unemployment



EU-158.41186.1EU-158.46.786.1

BE3.8114.44.2BE3.84.44.44.2

DK6.9119.85.1DK6.94.89.85.1

DE10.41113.712.9DE10.413.113.712.9

GR3.6112.94GR3.63.12.94

SP12.811117.8SP12.86.1117.8

IT4114.93.1IT43.74.93.1

FI16.3119.95.8FI16.36.79.95.8

SE7.5117.92.9SE7.55.37.92.9

UK10.2113.91.8UK10.23.43.91.8

EU-15821

BE4.421

DK9.821

DE13.721

GR2.921EU-158.46.716.1

SP1121BE3.84.414.2

IT4.921DK6.94.815.1

FI9.921DE10.413.1112.9

SE7.921GR3.63.114

UK3.921SP12.86.117.8

EU-156.712IT43.713.1

BE4.412FI16.36.715.8

DK4.812SE7.55.312.9

DE13.112UK10.23.411.8

GR3.112EU-1586.12

SP6.112BE4.44.22

IT3.712DK9.85.12

FI6.712DE13.712.92

SE5.312GR2.942

UK3.412SP117.82

EU-156.122IT4.93.12

BE4.222FI9.95.82

DK5.122SE7.92.92

DE12.922UK3.91.82

GR422

SP7.822

IT3.122

FI5.822

SE2.922

UK1.822

Male 1995

Male 2005

Female 1995

Female 2005

Unemployment rates



inactive1995a002005a00EU-1547.225.353.135.4EU-1547.225.353.135.4

AU42.218.241.322.9AU42.218.241.322.9

BE33.512.941.722.1BE33.512.941.722.1

55-64geoDK64.735.965.653.5DK64.735.965.653.5


FI35.633.452.852.7FI35.633.452.852.7

FR33.825.640.735.2FR33.825.640.735.2

GR59.624.158.825.8GR59.624.158.825.8

IR59.818.665.737.3IR59.818.665.737.3


DK29.844.3DKDE37.748.527.145.453.537.5DELU35.112.638.324.9LU35.112.638.324.9

DE39.257.2DEIR39.259.818.651.665.737.3IRNL39.718.356.935.2NL39.718.356.935.2

GR39.373.1GRSP32.348.417.543.159.727.4SPPO61.432.658.143.7PO61.432.658.143.7

FR56.761.8FRIT28.444.613.531.442.720.8ITSE65.259.272.066.7SE65.259.27266.7

SP48.417.559.727.4SP48.417.559.727.4

IT5678.8ITLU23.735.112.631.738.324.9LUUK56.239.066.048.1UK56.2396648.1

LU60.674.9LUNL28.939.718.346.156.935.2NL

NL40.363.7NLAU29.742.218.231.841.322.9AU

AU57.276.7AUPO46.061.432.650.558.143.7PO

PO37.553.3POFI34.435.633.452.752.852.7FI

FI43.643.9FISE62.065.259.269.472.066.7SE

SE24.232SEUK47.556.239.056.966.048.1UK

UK3250.9UK

time1995a002005a00

sex

geo

:::42.551.833.7

36.047.225.344.153.135.4

22.933.512.931.841.722.1

49.864.735.959.565.653.5

37.748.527.145.4b53.5b37.5b

39.259.818.651.665.737.3

41.059.624.141.658.825.8

32.348.417.543.1b59.7b27.4b

29.633.825.637.940.735.2

28.444.613.531.442.720.8

23.735.112.631.738.324.9

28.939.718.346.156.935.2

29.742.218.231.841.322.9

46.061.432.650.558.143.7

34.435.633.452.752.852.7

62.065.259.269.4b72.0b66.7b

47.556.239.056.966.048.1

44.764.2

43.362.4

56.876

29.844.3

39.257.2

32.261.6

39.373.1

36.770.1

56.761.8

5678.8

60.674.9

40.363.7

57.276.7

37.553.3

43.643.9

24.232

3250.9

Male

Female


Males 1995

Females 1995

Males 2005

Females 2005


Tasas de desempleo de trabajadores de ms edad

Grfico4

8.46.786.1

3.84.44.44.2

6.94.89.85.1

10.413.113.712.9

3.63.12.94

12.86.1117.8

43.74.93.1

16.36.79.95.8

7.55.37.92.9

10.23.43.91.8

Male 1995

Male 2005

Female 1995

Female 2005

Unemployment rates

lfpr

MALE


45-4994.9796.7595.9494.9295.2294.1796.1395.5796.3793.9492.695.2394.3492.9289.28

50-5490.890.0388.9991.7493.7591.2994.0193.5991.8990.5791.3986.5386.988.8385.54

55-5975.7767.8971.0374.888.8777.7279.0771.3881.0976.8981.9167.2261.8479.0873.08

6058.9743.8950.8353.681.2261.9952.4443.9967.8452.0670.6153.4941.369.6563.5

6149.622.9237.5645.967.4252.1442.7929.1657.0341.0667.9948.6729.269.1157.5

6241.2712.8526.5638.257.444.3337.3916.6349.0625.3264.1240.9822.464.8146.7

6337.410.6725.532.449.0942.1234.239.1346.8916.0759.0936.6314.261.3242.7

6433.02920.120.140.3636.6228.057.2942.938.7259.1431.08960.1636.5

6529.187.8719.6115.434.529.5524.076.2538.139.7252.3826.46.456.6432.3

66-6915.755.6311.618.0525.885.3612.713.1518.356.1933.5214.44.7840.2815.8

70-749.812.356.032.0417.922.167.931.5911.784.4722.897.411.3628.697.08

>= 754.592.422.211.523.910.432.061.114.61.8714.012.75013.192.55

FEMALE


45-4967.272.037372.2490.9152.1993.3275.8155.8170.3751.3158.3141.4868.0369.34

50-5458.0765.6356.4765.984.441.6590.0268.4845.7161.3444.6745.1531.459.1366.5

55-5941.9433.7838.3149.8273.3228.4978.249.9933.9543.8530.8930.4419.9248.4350.04

6029.2817.0920.5531.157.7523.1452.3829.6824.1329.0324.1920.3612.143.4136.2

6123.411.0713.9222.845.2519.4141.8319.5921.0423.0120.9915.210.942.8326.8

6219.1210.959.6215.631.5818.1334.1311.3918.9114.0418.812.381038.0322.5

6316.129.767.6912.124.7414.2431.127.5614.7911.9717.288.647.436.0519.9

6413.724.985.957.626.4412.39256.0215.369.2715.046.647.329.8316.5

6511.623.517.283.119.2811.3912.974.8215.256.710.924.675.226.410.3

66-696.161.764.382.511.13.115.632.157.213.216.154.091.717.776.93

70-742.921.541.360.92.961.292.470.92.990.714.362.030.59.772.1

>= 751.391.170.360.232.140.390.20.231.310.191.450.60.065.220.21

lfpr

Pool

AU

BE

DE

DK

SP

FI

FR

GR

NL

IR

IT

LU

PO

UK


employmentrates

Pool

AU

BE

DE

DK

SP

FI

FR

GR

NL

IR

IT

LU

PO

UK


unemploymentrates

inactivityrates


transitions

MALE


45-490.310.560.240.740.540.060.640.160.8800.120.880.720.80.48

50-541.552.661.582.180.560.640.8212.501.33.982.443.182.3

55-595.5312.326.827.942.543.166.128.146.60.643.5610.1818.84.986.26

6017.1453.919.623.719.320.228.636.611.32.54.714.141.47.612.7

6119.0262.535.436.227.521.836.144.414.53.18.518.144.18.912.8

6214.541.716.738.515.920.324.745.912.4210.418.845.81014.8

6313.2623.521.839.934.619.42523.512.33.28.915.933.39.315.7

6414.5723.116.757.833.326.823.624.314.94.36.515558.621.3

6533.157.131.655.417.863.629.83733.262834.846.725.756.9

66-6925.4746.4546.8559.0340.3357.2833.6531.63395.5817.8832.5548.8822.1343.9

70-7425.329032.1242.6837.0861.5232.226.8639.367.8815.9837.4836.6624.8237.84

>=7528.3624.2440.9161.4439.5172.6327.2719.6941.412.4719.0542.9718.1840.5340.84

FEMALE


45-490.40.70.91.520.5400.240.120.8600.120.422.11.040.9

50-541.151.661.822.182.320.241.260.542.140.120.221.942.882.262.62

55-593.6110.66.765.824.580.55.464.683.740.241.084.24.24.128.18

6011.517.816.217.321.72.430.126.96.30.30.812.55.9736.1

6110.8714.141.744.635.73.22626.44.20.31.21010.98.933

626.966.229.14123.2325.311.96.50.62.38.38.18.139.5

637.036.921.336.323.7331.3106.60.327.17.311.337.2

648.4810.723.232.228.35.138.96.76.902.669.718.234.7

6513.226.915.623.51814.753.324.9191.27.76.66.615.741.1

66-6912.747.628.3352.1546.489.9355.3313.823.381.7346.67.6320.3338.23

70-7410.558.523.6638.82708.56407.2221.941.422.245.949.619.4849.22

>=7512.038.8839.3349.5227.2711.3827.278.2525.881.914.336.5815.5721.3550.11

MalesFemales

45-490.310.4

50-541.551.15

55-595.533.61

6017.1411.5

6119.0210.87

6214.56.96

6313.267.03

6414.578.48

6533.113.22

66-6925.4712.74

70-7425.3210.55

>=7528.3612.03

transitions

Males

Females


retirement age

MALE


45-490.451.990.1792.590.040.021.433.31

50-541.652.210.1787.440.140.034.43.96

55-594.862.770.3369.940.560.1315.85.63

609.872.060.5549.713.220.4829.284.82

6110.131.250.4241.782.850.2940.093.19

627.590.960.6536.882.070.1748.972.72

636.490.830.5933.771.440.1854.052.64

646.770.680.5629.231.160.32592.29

6512.450.280.5120.551.30.2862.951.68

66-695.390.040.5211.50.390.1680.891.11

70-742.80.010.477.310.070.1888.121.04

>=751.860.010.564.450.040.3891.351.35

FEMALE


45-490.371.762.4160.910.060.231.8132.46

50-540.961.572.6652.60.130.453.837.83

55-592.31.442.7735.980.471.1111.4844.45

605.270.912.6321.751.493.5920.3644

615.180.252.8216.232.193.7828.7440.81

624.240.142.2614.260.872.5435.1840.51

633.240.232.1612.920.722.7637.4140.55

643.110.152.1910.380.293.1141.6139.17

653.590.052.177.430.264.8944.0537.55

66-692.280.021.574.640.134.4554.8432.08

70-741.250.021.4630.023.3863.1227.76

>=751.2301.963.460.053.6165.6224.06

retirement age

E-R

E-U

E-C

Remain E

U-R

C-R

Remain R

Remain U C


Hoja2

E-R

E-U

E-C

Remain E

U-R

C-R

Remain R

Remain U C


Hoja3


199562.1665.29

199662.1664.32

199761.7364.5

199863.1165.14

199961.8163.95

200061.6964.15

200161.9865.29

1994-200162.1164.64


Pool48.6346.68


RE4946.53


FE65.4669.4



1995200119952001

Statutory age

59.956.764.963.56560

Belgium63.4636566.96564

Germany58.161.261.161.365

Denmark585663.165.365

Spain64.363.371.270.365

58.159.159.560.263 to 68

France59.85962.460.160

Greece64.359.366.470.56560


Ireland64.36468.370.165

Italy58.862.260.464.76560

Luxembourg60.757.96364.165

Portugal63.464.466.164.965

UK62.463.566.665.96065


unemployment



EU-158.41186.1EU-158.46.786.1

BE3.8114.44.2BE3.84.44.44.2

DK6.9119.85.1DK6.94.89.85.1

DE10.41113.712.9DE10.413.113.712.9

GR3.6112.94GR3.63.12.94

SP12.811117.8SP12.86.1117.8

IT4114.93.1IT43.74.93.1

FI16.3119.95.8FI16.36.79.95.8

SE7.5117.92.9SE7.55.37.92.9

UK10.2113.91.8UK10.23.43.91.8

EU-15821

BE4.421

DK9.821

DE13.721

GR2.921EU-158.46.716.1

SP1121BE3.84.414.2

IT4.921DK6.94.815.1

FI9.921DE10.413.1112.9

SE7.921GR3.63.114

UK3.921SP12.86.117.8

EU-156.712IT43.713.1

BE4.412FI16.36.715.8

DK4.812SE7.55.312.9

DE13.112UK10.23.411.8

GR3.112EU-1586.12

SP6.112BE4.44.22

IT3.712DK9.85.12

FI6.712DE13.712.92

SE5.312GR2.942

UK3.412SP117.82

EU-156.122IT4.93.12

BE4.222FI9.95.82

DK5.122SE7.92.92

DE12.922UK3.91.82

GR422

SP7.822

IT3.122

FI5.822

SE2.922

UK1.822

Male 1995

Male 2005

Female 1995

Female 2005

Unemployment rates



inactive1995a002005a00EU-1547.225.353.135.4EU-1547.225.353.135.4

AU42.218.241.322.9AU42.218.241.322.9

BE33.512.941.722.1BE33.512.941.722.1

55-64geoDK64.735.965.653.5DK64.735.965.653.5


FI35.633.452.852.7FI35.633.452.852.7

FR33.825.640.735.2FR33.825.640.735.2

GR59.624.158.825.8GR59.624.158.825.8

IR59.818.665.737.3IR59.818.665.737.3


DK29.844.3DKDE37.748.527.145.453.537.5DELU35.112.638.324.9LU35.112.638.324.9

DE39.257.2DEIR39.259.818.651.665.737.3IRNL39.718.356.935.2NL39.718.356.935.2

GR39.373.1GRSP32.348.417.543.159.727.4SPPO61.432.658.143.7PO61.432.658.143.7

FR56.761.8FRIT28.444.613.531.442.720.8ITSE65.259.272.066.7SE65.259.27266.7

SP48.417.559.727.4SP48.417.559.727.4

IT5678.8ITLU23.735.112.631.738.324.9LUUK56.239.066.048.1UK56.2396648.1

LU60.674.9LUNL28.939.718.346.156.935.2NL

NL40.363.7NLAU29.742.218.231.841.322.9AU

AU57.276.7AUPO46.061.432.650.558.143.7PO

PO37.553.3POFI34.435.633.452.752.852.7FI

FI43.643.9FISE62.065.259.269.472.066.7SE

SE24.232SEUK47.556.239.056.966.048.1UK

UK3250.9UK

time1995a002005a00

sex

geo

:::42.551.833.7

36.047.225.344.153.135.4

22.933.512.931.841.722.1

49.864.735.959.565.653.5

37.748.527.145.4b53.5b37.5b

39.259.818.651.665.737.3

41.059.624.141.658.825.8

32.348.417.543.1b59.7b27.4b

29.633.825.637.940.735.2

28.444.613.531.442.720.8

23.735.112.631.738.324.9

28.939.718.346.156.935.2

29.742.218.231.841.322.9

46.061.432.650.558.143.7

34.435.633.452.752.852.7

62.065.259.269.4b72.0b66.7b

47.556.239.056.966.048.1

44.764.2

43.362.4

56.876

29.844.3

39.257.2

32.261.6

39.373.1

36.770.1

56.761.8

5678.8

60.674.9

40.363.7

57.276.7

37.553.3

43.643.9

24.232

3250.9

Male

Female


Males 1995

Females 1995

Males 2005

Females 2005


Cuestiones (y preguntas?)Qu relacin existe entre el incremento en la tasa de participacin laboral y la tasa de desempleo en trabajadores de ms edad en la UE? Reformas del sistema de pensiones (edades, requisitos, etc.)Ajustes de la estructura educativa en algunos pases (Espaa, Portugal, Polonia, etc.)Pero principalmente reduccin en las tasas de desempleo de los individuos de la cohorte 55-64 (incentivos y mejor funcionamiento del mercado de trabajo)


Coeficiente en una regresin de lfpf sobre urf es -0.81 (R-cuadrado = 0.45). Coeficiente de correlacin -0.27Coeficiente en una regresin de lfpm sobre urm es -0.38 (R-cuadrado = 0.38). Coeficiente de correlacin -0.52

La ley de dependencia

Cuestiones (y preguntas?)Primero, autofinanciacin (60 65 % de las necesidades). Segundo, es necesario poner recursos adicionales. Cmo? Impuestos especficos?Co-pagos? Qu instrumentos nuevos (seguros, hipoteca inversa)?

Se pueden combinar la adecuacin de las pensiones, la sostenibilidad del sistema y la financiacin del modelo de bienestar

Cuestiones (y preguntas?)Es posible combinar gasto pblico con medidas especficas para evitar que la nueva ley aada presiones adicionales al presupuestoPara el diseo de polticas especficas es importante (y conveniente) mirar a nivel micro (i.e., evaluar las necesidades y los recursos de los individuos afectados)Importancia de la coordinacinA diferentes niveles de gobiernoEn diferentes mercados (trabajo, bienes seguros, etc.)

Decisiones de retiro, sostenibilidad del sistema de pensiones y viabilidad financiera de la ley de...

Documents

Transcript of Decisiones de retiro, sostenibilidad del sistema de pensiones y viabilidad financiera de la ley de...