HORTALIZAS Y FRUTAS - Setiembre 2011 - USAID - MAG - PARAGUAY - PORTALGUARANI

8/21/2019 HORTALIZAS Y FRUTAS - Setiembre 2011 - USAID - MAG - PARAGUAY - PORTALGUARANI

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J@_SHIB\H[ R F_QSH[HDÈIB[B[ CA IH KHCADH CA VHI@_ ADAI CA]H_SHGADS@ CA K@DKA]KBÛD

[atbagora, ?=88Asth puoibkhkbûd jh sbc` praphrhch phrhih Hnadkbh cai Nòbard` ca i`s Asthc`sQdbc`s phrh ai Cashrrìi` Bdtardhkb`dhi(Q[HBC/]hrhnuhy) p`r Frhdkbsk` Fratasy Gaibsh Ghrtçdaz ad ai ghrk` cai ]r`-nrhgh Bdbkbhtbvh \`dh D`rta.

[atbagora, ?=88Asth puoibkhkbûd jh sbc` praphrhch phrhih Hnadkbh cai Nòbard` ca i`s Asthc`sQdbc`s phrh ai Cashrrìi` Bdtardhkb`dhi(Q[HBC/]hrhnuhy) p`r Frhdkbsk` Fratasy Gaibsh Ghrtçdaz ad ai ghrk` cai ]r`-nrhgh Bdbkbhtbvh \`dh D`rta.


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F`t` ca Shph


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F ` t ` n r h f ç h < w w w . s x k . j u

J@_SHIB\H[ R F_QSH[HDÈIB[B[ CA IH KHCADH CA VHI@_ AD AI

CA]H_SHGADS@ CA K@DKA]KBÛD


4/60BDBKBHSBVH \@DH D@_SA3

Hkrûdbg`s

GHN< Gbdbstarb` ca Hnrbkuiturh y Nhdhcarçh.

Q[HBC< Qdbtac [thtas Hnadky f`r Bdtardhtb`dhi Cavai`pgadt, ad asphøì

Hnadkbh ca i`s Asthc`s Qdbc`s phrh ai Cashrrìi` Bdtardhkb`dhi.

CAHn< Cbrakkbûd ca Axtadsbûd Hnrhrbh.

KHD< Kads` Hnr`dûgbk` Dhkb`dhi.

FH@< F``c hdc Hnrbkuitura @rnhdbzhtb`d ̀ f tja Qdbtac Dhtb`ds, ad asphøì@rnhdbzhkbûd phrh ih Hnrbkuiturh y ih Hibgadthkbûd ca ihs Dhkb`das Qdbchs.

Jh / Jhs


5/60J@_SHIB\H[ R F_QSH[ HDÈIB[B[ CA IH KHCADH CA VHI@_ 1

Shoih ca k`dtadbc`Hkrûdbg`s ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................3Bdtr`cukkbûd .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................6Gat`cì`nçh ca Astucb` y hdèibsbs ca ih Khcadh ........................................................................................................................................................6

B BDF@_GHKBÛD NADA_HI CA IH KHCADH................................................................................................................: 8.8 I`khibzhkbûd na`nrèkh ...............................................................................................................................................................................2

8.? Avìukbûd ca Èrah [agorhch, K`sakjhch, ]r`cukkbûd y _adcbgbadt` .........................................................................................8= 8.?.8 Èrah [agorhch .........................................................................................................................................................................88 8.?.? ]r`cukkbûd .................................................................................................................................................................................88 8.?.; _adcbgbadt`s ............................................................................................................................................................................88 8.; K`dsug` Hphradta ca J`rthibzhs y Fruths .........................................................................................................................................88 8.3 Bcadtbkhkbûd ca i`s Hkt`ras y Khdhias ca ih Khcadh ca J`rthibzhs y Fruths .............................................................................8;

BB K@DSAZS@ GQDCBHI ................................................................................................................................................83 ?.8 [uparkba [agorhch ca J`rthibzhs y Fruths h Dbvai Gudcbhi ..........................................................................................................81 ?.? ]r`cukkbûd Gudcbhi ...................................................................................................................................................................................81 ?.; K`garkb` Gudcbhi .....................................................................................................................................................................................86 ?.;.8 Axp`rthkb`das ...........................................................................................................................................................................86 ?.;.? Bgp`rthkb`das ...........................................................................................................................................................................8: ?.3 K`dsug` Gudcbhi ......................................................................................................................................................................................82 ?.1 ]rakb`s Bdtardhkb`dhias .............................................................................................................................................................................?= ?.6 [btuhkbûd ca ihs J`rthibzhs y Fruths ad i`s ]hçsas cai Gark`sur .....................................................................................................?=

?.> K`garkb` Axtard` ca J`rthibzhs y Fruths ad i`s ]hçsas cai Gark`sur .......................................................................................?; ?.>.8 Axp`rthkb`das ad ai Gark`sur ..............................................................................................................................................?; ?.>.8.8 Axp`rthkb`das ca ihs J`rthibzhs y Fruths ca ]hrhnuhy ...................................................................................?3 ?.>.8.? D`rghs y _aqubsbt`s phrh Axp`rthr J`rthibzhs y Fruths casca ]hrhnuhy .................................................?3 ?.>.? Bgp`rthkb`das ad ai Gark`sur ..............................................................................................................................................?1 ?.>.?.8 Bgp`rthkb`das ca J`rthibzhs y Fruths cai ]hrhnuhy ........................................................................................?1 ?.>.; K`gphrhkbûd phrtbkbphtbvh sanüd `rbnad ca pr`cukt`s ..................................................................................................?6 ?.: K`dsug` ca J`rthibzhs y Fruths ad i`s ]hçsas cai Gark`sur .........................................................................................................?6 ?.2 ]rakb`s ca J`rthibzhs y Fruths ad ai Gark`sur ...................................................................................................................................?> ?.2.8 ]rakb`s ca ihs J`rthibzhs y Fruths ad Garkhc` I`khi ......................................................................................................?: ?.2.8.8 ]rakb` ca ihs J`rthibzhs y Fruths Dhkb`dhi ....................................................................................................................?: ?.2.8.? ]rakb` ca ihs J`rthibzhs y Fruths ca @rbnad Orhsbiar` .................................................................................................;=

BBB K@DSAZS@ DHKB@DHI R CA]H_SHGADSHI ............ ............. ............ ............. ............ ............. ............. ............ ... ;? ;.8Bgp`rthdkbh Ak`dûgbkh y [`kbhi ..............................................................................................................................................................;;

;.8.8 Ih ak`d`gçh ca ihs J`rthibzhs y Fruths ..........................................................................................................................;; ;.8.? Hp`rta h ih Ohihdzh K`garkbhi .........................................................................................................................................;3 ;.8.; Nadarhkbûd ca Agpia`s .....................................................................................................................................................;3 ;.8.3 Bgp`rthdkbh ad ih Hibgadthkbûd y ]hrtbkbphkbûd ad ih Khdhsth Fhgbibhr ...................................................................;3 ;.? Bdfrhastrukturh Caphrthgadthi .......................................................................................................................................................;6 ;.; Bdstbtukb`das ]üoibkhs ca Hp`y` h ih ]r`cukkbûd ca J`rthibzhs y Fruths...............................................................................;6 ;.3 @rnhdbsg`s d` Nuoardhgadthias y Adtbchcas Bdtardhkb`dhias ca Hp`y` ............................................................................;> Q[HBC/]hrhnuhy ..................................................................................................................................................................................;> NB\ ]hrhnuhy ......................................................................................................................................................................................;: LBKH ]hrhnuhy ......................................................................................................................................................................................;2 ;.1 @rnhdbzhkb`das ca ]r`cukt`ras ca J`rthibzhs y Fruths ...................................................................................................................;2

BV A[S_QKSQ_H R FQDKB@DHGBADS@ CA IH KHCADH .......................................................................................3= 3.8 ]r`vbsbûd ca Bdsug`s, Ghqubdhrbhs y Aqubp`s .....................................................................................................................................38 3.? ]r`vbsbûd ca [arvbkb`s ...............................................................................................................................................................................38 3.; Bdtargacbhkbûd ` Cbstrboukbûd ................................................................................................................................................................3?

3.3 ]r`cukkbûd ca J`rthibzhs y Fruths .........................................................................................................................................................3; 3.3.8 Khrhktarbzhkbûd ca i`s ]r`cukt`ras ....................................................................................................................................3; 3.3.? Hspakt`s Sakdìûnbk`s ca ih ]r`cukkbûd ca J`rthibzhs y Fruths ...................................................................................33 3.1 _aihkb`das ca p`car ` ibcarhzn` ............................................................................................................................................................31 3.6 K`st`s ca ]r`cukkbûd ..............................................................................................................................................................................36 3.> Vadth cai ]r`cukt`. F`rghkbûd cai ]rakb` ad ai Garkhc` Dhkb`dhi. ..............................................................................................3> 3.: K`dsug` ca J`rthibzhs y Fruths. Garkhc` Dhkb`dhi. .......................................................................................................................3: 3.2 Hdèibsbs ca pudt`s krçtbk`s ......................................................................................................................................................................32 3.2.8 Cakbadta Ghdal` ca Sakdì`nçh ca ]r`cukkbûd ..............................................................................................................32 3.2.? Caobibchc ca ih Bdstbtukb`dhibchc I`khi ................................................................................................................................1=

V F@_SHIA\H[, CAOBIBCHCA[, HGADH\H[ R @]@_SQDBCHCA[ ........ ............ ............. ............. ............ ............. . 1? F`rthiazhs .................................................................................................................................................................................................1; @p`rtudbchcas .................................................................................................................................................................................................1; Caobibchcas .................................................................................................................................................................................................13 Hgadhzhs .................................................................................................................................................................................................11

VB K@DKIQ[B@DA[ R _AK@GADCHKB@DA[ ..............................................................................................................16 _afaradkbhs @kbhias ........................................................................................................................................................................................1: Oboib`nrhfçh .................................................................................................................................................................................................12



]hrkaih ca pbgbadt` ad I`rat`, caphrthgadt` ca K`dkapkbûd.

Bdtr`cukkbûdAi prasadta trhohl` surnbû ca ih dakasbchc ca k`dthrk`d bdf`rghkbûd sòra ihs k`dcbkb`das ca ih khcadhca vhi`r ca j`rthibzhs y fruths ad ai caphrthgadt`ca K`dkapkbûd, k`d ai òlatbv` ca rasphichr i`s as-fuarz`s ca i`s cbfaradtas hnadtas pr`cuktbv`s p`r bg-

puishr su bdtanrhkbûd, adk`dtrhr gal`ras asquaghsca phrtbkbphkbûd, f`rthiakar su cashrrìi` y hikhdzhrghy`ras oadakb`s ad asth bgp`rthdta hktbvbchc cai

sakt`r hnr`pakuhrb` d`rtaø`.

[a pratadcad hdhibzhr ihs khrhktarçstbkhs tâkdbkhs yak`dûgbkhs ca ih khcadh ca vhi`r, uobkhdc` i`s fhk-t`ras catargbdhdtas ca sus dbvaias ca radthobibchc yk`gpatbtbvbchc hdta ai garkhc`.

K`d ohsa ad i` hdtarb`r, ai pr`nrhgh Bdbkbhtbvh \`dhD`rta h trhvâs cai hkuarc` ca k``parhkbûd adtra

HKCB/V@KH y Q[HBC, bgpuisû ih rahibzhkbûd ca astatrhohl` phrh catargbdhr gal`ras ohsas ca k``rcbdh-kbûd y phrtbkbphkbûd ca i`s raprasadthdtas ca agpra-shs, `rnhdbzhkb`das, bdstbtukb`das y `tr`s hnadtas quabdkbcad catargbdhdtagadta ad ai fudkb`dhgbadt` caih khcadh ca vhi`r.

Ai òlatbv` nadarhi ca asta c`kugadt` as bcadtbkhr

i`s prbdkbphias pròiaghs qua hfakthd ih radthobibchcy k`gpatbtbvbchc ca ih khcadh ca vhi`r ca ihs j`r-thibzhs y fruths ad ai caphrthgadt` ca K`dkapkbûd,asthoiakbadc` su sbtuhkbûd hktuhi.

Hquç sa prasadthd y hdhibzhd i`s hspakt`s a bdf`rgh-kb`das gès raiavhdtas cai fudkb`dhgbadt` ca ih kh-cadh, ih k`garkbhibzhkbûd y ai k`dsug`, h trhvâs ca ih

bdtarhkkbûd y ai k`gp`rthgbadt` ca i`s hkt`ras adkhch ud` ca i`s asiho`das.

Shgobâd sa hdhibzhd i`s pròiaghs qua k`dfr`dthdi`s hkt`ras ad i`s cbstbdt`s asiho`das qua bdtanrhdih khcadh, k`d ih dhibchc ca krahr ihs k`dcbkb`dasphrh suparhr i`s òstèkui`s qua pucbarhd catakthrsay jhkarih gès k`gpatbtbvh ad su k`dludt`.

H ih vaz sa ouskh k`dlunhr ih bdf`rghkbûd dakash-rbh phrh adtadcar su fudkb`dhgbadt`, pròiagètbkhy dakasbchcas, nadarhdc` ud c`kugadt` ohsa phrhbdtanrhr ai pihd ca hkkbûd cadtr` ca ih khcadh k`dud adf`qua phrtbkbphtbv` adtra i`s cbfaradtas hnadtasqua bdtarvbadad ad su cashrrìi`.

Gat`cì`nçh ca Astucb` y Hdèibsbs ca ihKhcadh

K`g` ghrk` k`dkaptuhi pratadca astucbhr ca ghda-rh bdtanrhi ih khcadh ca j`rthibzhs y fruths, qua bdkiuyaih pr`cukkbûd prbghrbh, ih k`garkbhibzhkbûd y ai k`d-sug`. Shgobâd sa casthkh ai hdèibsbs ca ih pr`vbsbûd casarvbkb`s, aqubp`s a bdfrhastrukturh ad hgohs fhsas.

Ad sadtbc` nadarhi, ih bdvastbnhkbûd astè bdtanrhch p`rkbdk` èrahs ca astucb`<

8) Bdf`rghkbûd Nadarhi ca ih Khcadh< Hdhibzhai ul`nrhgh ca i`s hkt`ras ca ih khcadh y ca i`scbfaradtas khdhias ca cbstrboukbûd cai pr`cukt ,̀ kuh-cr`s sòra ih avìukbûd ca ih suparkba sagorhch,

pr`cukkbûd, radcbgbadt`s cai kuitbv`, y i` raihtbv` h ihpr`cukkbûd y ai k`dsug`.


7/60J@_SHIB\H[ R F_QSH[ HDÈIB[B[ CA IH KHCADH CA VHI@_ >

Biustrhkbûd 8< Fiul`nrhgh ca ih Khcadh ca Vhi`r

Garkhc`sca Hp`y`

` ca [`p`rta

]r`vaac`ras[akt`rbhiasAspakçk`s

]r`vaac`rasSrhdsvarshias

[arvbkb`sFbdhdkbar`s

]r`vaac`ras ca Bdsug`s

]r`cukt`ras

Cbstrboubc`ras

Garkhc` I`khi

Garkhc` Ni`ohi

Hk`pbhc`ras /]r`kashc`ras/Bdcustrbhias

Axp`rthc`ras

Fuadta<HKCB/V@KH.

?) K`dtaxt` Bdtardhkb`dhi< ]rasadth bdf`rghkbûdkuhdtbthtbvh (ca k`garkb`) y kuhibthtbvh (ghrk` ianhi,hkuarc`s, atk.) cai garkhc` gudcbhi ca ihs j`rthibzhsy fruths, ih kuhi pargbta vbsuhibzhr ai k`gp`rthgbadt`ca ihs vhrbhoias qua khrhktarbzhd asa adt`rd` y subduadkbh s`ora ih sbtuhkbûd hktuhi y futurh ca ih kh-

cadh. Hcagès pargbta vhi`rhr i`s rbasn`s y ihs `p`r-tudbchcas qua `frakad i`s garkhc`s.

;) K`dtaxt` Dhkb`dhi y Caphrthgadthi


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Bdf`rghkbûd

Nadarhi caih KhcadhB




8.8 I`khibzhkbûd na`nrèkh[anüd ai Kads` Hnr`pakuhrb` Dhkb`dhi (KHD ?==:)ai t`ghta, ai pbgbadt`, ai zhphii` y ai gaiûd s`d ihsaspakbas gès kuitbvhchs y ca ghỳ r bgp`rthdkbh ak`-dûgbkh ad ai caphrthgadt` ca K`dkapkbûd, p`r i`qua d`s kadtrhrag`s ad asths aspakbas. Ai kuitbv` caihs gbsghs sa cbstrbouya prèktbkhgadta ad t`c`s i`scaphrthgadt`s ca ih ranbûd `rbadthi cai phçs.

S`ghta< [`d c`s i`s caphrthgadt`s aspakbhibzhc`sad su kuitbv`. Khhnuhzü `kuph ai prbgar iunhr k`d

32= Jhs sagorhchs, y ia sbnua Kadtrhi k`d ;?2 Jhs]hrhnuhrç kuadth k`d 8=8 Jhs, K`dkapkbûd k`d 6=Jhs, y [hd ]acr` k`d 16 Jhs.

]bgbadt`< Khhnuhzü `kuph ai prbgar iunhr k`d 81?Jhs sagorhchs, ia sbnua Kadtrhi k`d 888 Jhs, y adtarkar iunhr sa adkuadtrh Bthpuè k`d 36 Jhs. Shgobâdsa òsarvh udh gad`r axtadsbûd sagorhch ad ]hrh-nuhrç k`d ;: Jhs, [hd ]acr` k`d ;; Jhs y K`dkap-kbûd k`d ;8 Jhs.

Gaiûd3 Jhs ca pbgbadt`, 8.:3;Jhs ca gaiûd y 812 Jhs ca zhphii`.

Ai prasadta trhohl` sa k`dkadtrh ad ai caphrthgadt`

ca K`dkapkbûd, i`khibzhc` ad ih _anbûd @rbadthi cai]hrhnuhy. Sbada udh axtadsbûd ca 8:.=18 eg¿ y udhpòihkbûd hpr`xbghch ca 8:;.?:= jhobthdtas.

Astè uobkhc` h 33 g.s.d.g, karkh ca ih Içdah ca Kh-prbk`rdb`. As ca kibgh suo tr`pbkhi h tr`pbkhi, k`d udhtagparhturh gèxbgh ca ;2¼K y udh gçdbgh ca 1¼K,k`d prakbpbthkb`das brranuihras ad i`s gasas ca varh-d`. Ad nadarhi, ai kibgh sa khrhktarbzh p`r sar kèibc`,jügac` y iiuvb`s` ad i`s gasas ca varhd`.

Ibgbth hi d`rta k`d Orhsbi, saphrhc` p`r ai _ç` Hph5 hi

sur k`d [hd ]acr`, hi asta k`d Hghgohy y hi àsta,saphrhc` p`r ai _ç` ]hrhnuhy, k`d i`s caphrthgad-t`s ca ]rasbcadta Jhyas y Hit` ]hrhnuhy ca ih _anbûd@kkbcadthi ` Kjhk`.

Fuadta< HKCB/V@KH sòra cht`s cai KHD ?==:/GHN.

Caphrthgadt`sS̀ ghta ]bgbadt̀ Gaiûd \hphiì

[uparfbkba(Jh)

]hrtbkbp(%)

[uparfbkba(Jh)

]hrtbkbp(%)

[uparfbkba(Jh)

]hrtbkbp(%)

[uparfbkba(Jh)

]hrtbkbp(%)

K`dkapkbûd 6= 1 ;8 > 2> 1 3? ?>

[hd ]acr` 16 1 ;; > ;=: 8> 81 8=K`rcbiihs ;; ; 8: 3 882 6 8: 88

Nuhbrè > 8 1 8 8? 8 = =

Khhnuhzü 32= 38 81? ;? ;=8 86 ;2 ?1

Khhzhph > 8 ; 8 18 ; 8 =

Bthpüh 3? 3 36 8= ?88 88 ; ?

Gbsb`das : 8 8 = 8=8 1 8 =

]hrhnuhrç 8=8 : ;: : 8:8 8= ; ?

Hit` ]hrhdh 1; 3 ?; 1 82: 88 1 ;

Kadtrhi ;?2 ?> 888 ?; 6? ; ?3 81

Øaagoukü ; = ? = 1? ; ; ?

Hghgohy 2 8 1 8 8= 8 8 =

Khdbdcayü 2 8 1 8 >? 3 ? 8

]rasbcadta Jhyas = = = = 66 3 ? ?

Hit` ]hrhnuhy = = = = 8 = = =

O`quarûd = = = = 8 = = =

S̀ thi 8.?=> 3>; 8.:3; 812

Biustrhkbûd ?< Kuitbv` ca Fruths y J`rthibzhs p`r Caphrthgadt .̀


10/60BDBKBHSBVH \@DH D@_SA8=

[us cbstrbt`s s`d< K`dkapkbûd, J`rquath, Oaiâd, I`ra-t`, [hd Khri`s, [hd Ièzhr`, Roy Rhu, Vhiiagb, y ai duav`cbstrbt` krahc` ca Hz`tay.

Ai caphrthgadt` as rak`rrbc` ad ai axtrag` sur, caasta h àsta, p`r ai _ç` Hph, k`d ud khuchi k`dsthdtay houdchdta curhdta nrhd phrta cai hø`. Ad ai axtra-g` àsta p`r ai _ç` ]hrhnuhy, ai kuhi tbada ud rak`-rrbc` ca 8>= eg ca i`dnbtuc.

Ih prbdkbphi tâkdbkh ca brrbnhkbûd ca ihs z`dhs j`rtb-frutçkìhs s`d i`s p`z`s pr`fudc`s bdsthihc`s nrhkbhsh pr`yakt`s ca bdvarsbûd cai GHN.

8.? Avìukbûd ca Èrah [agorhch,K`sakjhch, ]r`cukkbûd y _adcb-

gbadtÌ`s `rnhdbsg`s dhkb`dhias adkhrnhc`s ca iiavhr i`scht`s asthcçstbk`s kuadthd k`d bdf`rghkb`das qua d`sa hpr`xbghd h i`s cht`s rakhohc`s ad ai KHD ?==:.

[òra cht`s ca FH@ sa puc` rahibzhr udh asthcçstbkhca ih avìukbûd jbstûrbkh ca i`s kuitbv`s ad ai parç`-c` ?==1/?==2, y gacbhdta ud k`dtrhsta k`d ai KHD?==: sa i`nrû vbsuhibzhr gal`r ih sbtuhkbûd rahi caast`s ruor`s.

Biustrhkbûd ;< Ghph caiCaphrthgadt` ca K`dkapkbûd.

Fuadta< HKCB/V@KH sòra cht`s ca FH@ ‛ KHD ?==:.

Hø` ?==1 ?==6 ?==> ?==: ?==2

S`ghtaHrah k`sakjhch (Jh) ?.3== ?.6?= ?.>== 8.?=6 8.?16]r`cukkbûd (S̀ d) 6:.:1= ::.=>= ::.1== 3=.?13 33.;6;

_adcbgbadt` (En/Jh) ?:.6:: ;;.681 ;?.>>: ;;.;>: ;1.;?8

]bgbadt`

Hrah k`sakjhch (Jh) 8.88; 8.=1= 8.8== 3>3 6==

]r`cukkbûd (S̀ d) 8;.812 2.;?1 2.1== 8.8?? 1.?=:

_adcbgbadt` (En/Jh) 88.:?; :.::8 :.6;6 ?.;6> :.6:=

\hphii`

Hrah k`sakjhch (Jh) 8.>>= 8.>>= 8.>>= :6? 8.:==

]r`cukkbûd (S̀ d) >.>?= >.>?= >.>?= ;.;>1 >.:==

_adcbgbadt` (En/Jh) 3.;6? 3.;6? 3.;6? 3.;;; 3.;;;

Gaiûd

Hrah k s̀akjhch (Jh) >.>?= >.>?= >.>1= 8.:3; >.:1=

]r̀ cukkbûd (S̀ d) ?:.::= ?:.::= ?2.=== 6.2>= ?2.:==_adcbgbadt̀ (En/Jh) ;.>38 ;.>38 ;.>3? ;.>:? ;.>26

Biustrhkbûd 3< Av ìukbûd ca Èrah K`sakjhch,]r`cukkbûd y _adcbgbadt ̀ad ]hrhnuhy

Fuadta< ̂ bebpacbh

[hdIèzhr`

K`dkapkbûd

[hd Khri`s

Oaiâd

I`rat`

J`rquath

Roy Rhu

Hz`tay



H phrtbr cai hø` ?==: ihs bdf`rghkb`das i`khias sa hk-tuhibzhr`d ad hinud`s ruor`s, p`r i` qua cakbcbg`s utbib-zhr cht`s cai KHD ?==: h phrtbr ca asta pudt`.

As bgparhtbv` gal`rhr ai sbstagh ca raiavhgbadt` cai`s cht`s asthcçstbk`s ca duastr` phçs, tadbadc` adkuadth qua as ih ohsa prbdkbphi phrh ih t`gh ca cakb-sb`das y ih aiho`rhkbûd ca pìçtbkhs ca cashrrìi` phrhai sakt`r hnrçkìh.

8.?.8 Èrah [agorhchS`ghta= Jhsp`r hø`. Ad ?==: sa òsarvh udh oruskh khçch ad aièrah k`sakjhch, phrh rakuparhrsa ad ?==2.

Gaiûd< Adtra ?==1 y ?==> sa sagorhr`d ad pr`ga-

cb` gès ca >.>== Jhs p`r hø`. Ih suparkba d` jhsufrbc` vhrbhkbûd sbndbkhtbvh jhsth ai ?==:, c`dcakha h 8.:3; Jhs.

8.?.? ]r`cukkbûdCurhdta ai parç`c` ?==1/?==2, ai pr`gacb` ca pr`-cukkbûd dhkb`dhi ca t`ghta fua 66.==> t`daihchshduhias, ai ca pbgbadt` fua ca >.66; t`daihchs, ai caizhphii` 6.:6> t`daihchs y ai cai gaiûd ca ?3.>=6 t`-daihchs.

8.?.; _adcbgbadt`s[anüd cht`s ca FH@ phrh ai parç`c` ?==6/?==2, airadcbgbadt` ca ih pr`cukkbûd ca t`ghta sa uobkû adpr`gacb` ad ;3 S̀ d/Jh. Ai pbgbadt` pr`gacbû > S̀ d/Jh, ai zhphii` y ai gaiûd r`dchr`d ihs 3 S`d/Jh.

Ad ai phçs sa òsarvhd radcbgbadt`s guy ohl`s, ta-dbadc` ad kuadth ai p`tadkbhi ca pr`cukkbûd ca ihsvhrbachcas kuitbvhchs y ihs k`dcbkb`das hnr`dûgbkhsad t`c` ai tarrbt`rb` dhkb`dhi phrh ih pr`cukkbûd caast`s ruor`s.

8.; K`dsug` Hphradta ca J`rthib-zhs y Fruths[anüd i`s cht`s ca ih biustrhkbûd 6, ai k`dsug` hph-radta ca ihs j`rthibzhs y fruths ad astucb`, h dbvai phçsad ai parç`c` ?==6/?==2 as ai sbnubadta<

S`ghta2.31? t`daihchs, as cakbr gès ca 6.6== t`daih-chs gadsuhias. Ad ai hø` ?==: ai k`dsug` hphradta

Fuadta< HKCB/V@KH sòra cht`s ca FH@ y KHD ?==:.

>=.===6=.===

1=.===

3=.===

;=.===

?=.===

8=.===

=

Biustrhkbûd 1< ]r`cukkbûd ]r`gacb`ca S̀ ghta, ]bgbadt`, \hphii` yGaiûd ad ]hrhnuhy. (S`d)

S ̀ g h

t a

G a i û d

] b g b a d

t `

\ h p h i i `

As bgparhtbv` gal`rhr

ai sbstagh ca cht`sasthcçstbk`s ca duastr`

phçs, tadbadc` ad kuadth

qua as ih ohsa phrh

aiho`rhr pìçtbkhs ca

cashrrìi` hnrçkìh.


12/60

ranbstrû ai dbvai gès ohl` ca ih sarba, hi sbtuhrsa ad

31.>?; t`daihchs.]bgbadt`< Ai k`dsug` hphradta hduhi pr`gacb` hdbvai dhkb`dhi jh sbc` ca 8?.2=> t`daihchs. Ast` sbn-dbkh qua gadsuhigadta ih pòihkbûd phrhnuhyh ca-ghdch karkh ca 8.=>1 t`daihchs ca pbgbadt`. Ai dbvaigès ohl` ca ih sarba sa ranbstrû ad ai hø` ?==: hisbtuhrsa ad :.=2: t`daihchs.

Gaiûd66 t`daihchs, i` quasbndbkh qua ca ghdarh gadsuhi sa caghdchd karkh

ca 8.2:= t`daihchs ca ih fruth.Ih biustrhkbûd 6 caguastrh kihrhgadta qua ai t`ghta,ai pbgbadt` y ai gaiûd s`d ruor`s castbdhc`s h i`s

garkhc`s dhkb`dhias.

Ca jakj`, ad ai parç`c` ca astucb` sì` sa rahibzhr`daxp`rthkb`das ca t`ghta ad ai hø` ?==>, ragashdc`hpadhs ;?1 t`daihchs.

Ihs bgp`rthkb`das ca duastr` phçs pr`gacbhd, adai parç`c` ?==6/?==2, 83.?;> t`daihchs ca t`ghta,6.682 t`daihchs ca pbgbadt`, 8=; t`daihchs ca gai`-das y 28= t`daihchs ca zhphii`.

I`s cht`s cai parç`c` ?==>/?=8= d` nurhd ad i`sranbstr`s `kbhias cai OK].

[bd agohrn`, as shobc` qua ast`s pr`cukt`s sa k`-garkbhibzhd ad ai Garkhc` Kadtrhi ca Hohst` caHsudkbûd, sanüd i`s ranbstr`s ca ih CHGH/CK/[BGH.

Fuadta< HKCB/V@KH sòra cht`s ca FH@ ‛ CK/GHN.

Hø` ]r̀ cukkbûd Bgp`rthkbûd Axp`rthkbûdK`dsug`Hphradta

S`ghta

?==6 ::.=>= ?=.6?; = 8=:.62;

?==> ::.1== 88.8;? ;?1 22.;=>

?==: 3=.?13 1.362 = 31.>?;

?==2 33.;6; 82.>?3 = 63.=:>

]bgbadt`

?==6 2.;?1 1.2=1 = 81.?;=

?==> 2.1== >.?22 = 86.>22?==: 8.8?? 6.2>6 = :.=2:

?==2 1.?=: 6.?21 = 88.1=;

Gaiûd

?==6 ?:.::= >? = ?:.21?

?==> ?2.=== 3? = ?2.=3?

?==: 6.2>= 881 = >.=:1

?==2 ?2.:== 8:3 = ?2.2:3

Biustrhkbûd 6 K`dsug` Hphradta ca S̀ ghta, ]bgbadt` yGaiûd ad ]hrhnuhy (S`d)

Curhdta ai parç`c` ?==1/?==2 ai pr`gacb` ca pr`cukkbûd dhkb`dhi ca pbgbadt` fua ca >.66; t`d hduhias.F`t`nrhfçh< Q[HBC ]hrhnuhy.


13/60J@_SHIB\H[ R F_QSH[ HDÈIB[B[ CA IH KHCADH CA VHI@_ 8;

8.3 Bcadtbkhkbûd ca i`s Hkt`ras y

Khdhias ca ih KhcadhAd ih khcadh ca vhi`r ca ihs j`rthibzhs y fruths phrtbkb-phd udh sarba ca hkt`ras, adtra i`s kuèias sa casthkhd<

]r`vaac`ras ca [arvbkb`s< Bdstbtukb`das püoibkhsy prbvhchs qua prasthd cbvars`s sarvbkb`s y hsbstadkbhtâkdbkh h i`s pr`cukt`ras.

]r`vaac`ras ca Bdsug`s, Ghqubdhrbhs y Aqub-p`s< Agprashs qua pr`vaad h i`s pr`cukt`ras bdsu-g`s (sagbiihs, fartbibzhdtas, jarobkbchs, fudnbkbchs atk.),cbvarshs ghqubdhrbhs phrh ih pr`cukkbûd prbghrbh ythgobâd h ihs agprashs agphkhc`rhs phrh ih axp`r-thkbûd.

]r`cukt`r < ]`r i` nadarhi s`d pr`cukt`ras paqua-ø`s y/` agprashrbhias. Dan`kbhd cbrakthgadta k`di`s vadcac`ras ca bdsug`s tâkdbk`s qua s`d, ad gu-

kj`s khs`s, i`s k`gprhc`ras bdtargacbhrb`s.

Ghy`rbsth Bdtargacbhrb`< Asta bdtargacbhrb` rah-ibzh ihs vadths h i`s k`dsugbc`ras cbrakt`s y h i`s

vadcac`ras cathiibsths.Cap`sbtar` - Bgp`rthc`r< Fiul`nrhghca Hkt`ras y Khdhiasca ih Khcadh ca

J`rthibzhs y Fruths.



K`dtaxt`GudcbhiBB




?.8 [uparkba [agorhch ca J`rth-ibzhs y Fruths h Dbvai GudcbhiS`ghta< 3.:;>.1>6 jaktèrahs sagorhchs ad ?==:,sbadc` Kjbdh ai ghy`r pr`cukt`r, sanubc` p`r Bdcbh ySurquçh. Kjbdh (;=,=>%), Bdcbh (8?,3%), Surquçh (6,?%),Dbnarbh (1,1%) y Anbpt` (3,2%) s`d i`s qua ghy`rèrah castbdhr`d hi kuitbv` sagorhdc` 12,=>% ca ihsuparkba gudcbhi.

]bgbadt`?%),Bdc`dasbh (88,8%), Gâxbk` (>,?1%), Dbnarbh (1,=2%) ySurquçh (3,:?%), raprasadthd ai nrup` ca phçsas quaghy`r èrah castbdhr`d hi kuitbv`. Ast`s kbdk` phçsassbagorhd khsb 63% ca ih suparkba gudcbhi.

Gaiûd< 8.?:8.;8: Jhs sagorhchs ad ?==:, sbadc`Kjbdh ai ghy`r pr`cukt`r hkphrhdc` 33,16% cait`thi gudcbhi. Asta phçs, Surquçh (:,?%), Brèd (6,?3%),AA.QQ. (?,:%) y Asphøh (?,6%), s`d i`s qua ghy`rèrah ca sbagorh castbdhr`d hi kuitbv`(63,3% ca ih su-parkba gudcbhi).

\hphii`< 8.1;?.138 Jhs fuar`d sagorhchs ad ?==:,sbadc` Bdcbh ai ghy`r pr`cukt`r, sanubc` p`r Kjbdh

Biustrhkbûd :< [uparkba ca ]bgbadt ,̀ Gaiûd, \hphiì yS`ghta [agorhch h Dbvai Gudcbhi (Jh).

_uor`s ]hçsas ?==6 ?==> ?==: ?==2

]bgbadt`

Kjbdh 6;?.6;3 61?.18= 61?.?26 66?.?26

Bdc`dasbh ?=3.>3> ?=3.=3: ?=?.>8? D/C

Gâxbk` 2?.?2? :>.:6; 8;?.;;> D/C

@tr`s :;;.;;1 :?;.?36 :;:.126 1?=.??1

S̀ thi Gudcbhi 8.>6;.==: 8.>6>.66> 8.:?1.238 8.8:?.1?8

Gaiûd

Kjbdh 18>.:?> 1?;.;;8 1>=.:>3 1:1.:>3

Surquçh 8=;.=== 8=;.=== 8=1.=== 8=1.===

Brèd >:.82: :=.=== :=.=== D/C

@tr`s 136.;2? 1;?.>>? 1?1.333 ?>=.>>=

S̀ thi Gudcbhi 8.?31.38> 8.?;2.8=; 8.?:8.;8: 268.633

\hphii`

Bdcbh ;6=.=== ;6=.=== ;6=.=== D/C

Kjbdh ;8:.3>= ;?:.?8? ;;=.?8? ;1;.?8?

Khgarüd 88=.=== 88=.=== 88=.=== 88=.===

@tr`s >33.38> >;2.1:8 >;?.;?2 332.866S̀ thi Gudcbhi 8.1;?.::> 8.1;>.>2; 8.1;?.138 28?.;>:

S`ghta

Kjbdh 8.3=3.121 8.31;.2;1 8.313.1;; 8.1=3.:=;

Bdcbh 136.8== 126.=== 166.=== 122.===

Surquçh ?>=.=== ?>=.=== ;==.=== ;==.===

@tr`s ?.36:.::= ?.3>?.22; ?.18>.=3; 8.:66.;?2

S̀ thi Gudcbhi 3.6:2.1>1 3.>2?.2?: 3.:;>.1>6 3.?>=.8;?

Fuadta< HKCB/V@KH sòra cht`s ca FH@. D/C< D` cbsp`dboia.

y Khgarüd. Bdcbh (?;,32%), Kjbdh (?8,11%), Khgarüd(>,8:%), Kuoh (3,>>%) y _usbh (;,=>%), s`d i`s phç-sas qua ghy`r èrah ca sbagorh castbdhr`d hi kuitbv`(6=,6% ca ih suparkba gudcbhi).

?.? ]r`cukkbûd GudcbhiS`ghta< Ai ghy`r pr`cukt`r ad ai gudc` as Kjbdh,sanüd ihs asthcçstbkhs ca FH@, k`d ud vìugad ca pr`-cukkbûd qua sa uobkû phrh ai ?==2 ad ;3.8?=.=3= t`da-ihchs, khdtbchc qua raprasadtû hiracac`r cai ?6,?1% caih pr`cukkbûd gudcbhi ca asa hø`. Ia sbnuad AA.QQ.,

Surquçh a Bdcbh, phçsas ad i`s kuèias ih pr`cukkbûd `s-kbih adtra i`s 8= y 83 gbii`das ca t`daihchs.

]bgbadt`< Kjbdh, sanüd ihs asthcçstbkhs ca FH@, asai ghy`r pr`cukt`r cai gudc` k`d ud vìugad ca83.?>3.8>: t`daihchs (hø` ?==:), khdtbchc qua rapra-sadtû khsb 18% ca ih pr`cukkbûd gudcbhi ca asa hø`.Ia sbnuad, ad `rcad caskadcadta, Surquçh, Gâxbk`, Bd-c`dasbh y Asphøh, phçsas ad i`s kuèias ih pr`cukkbûd`skbih adtra 8 y ? gbii`das ca t`daihchs.

Gaiûd< Shgobâd Kjbdh as ai ghy`r pr`cukt`r ca ih

fruth ad ai gudc`. [anüd asthcçstbkhs ca FH@, ad aihø` ?==: hikhdzû 83.;??.3:= t`daihchs, v̀ iugad quaraprasadtû hiracac`r cai 18,:?% ca ih pr`cukkbûdgudcbhi ca asa hø`.



H Kjbdh ia sbnua, ad ̀ rcad caskadcadta, Surquçh, Brèd,AA.QQ., y Asphøh, phçsas ad i`s kuèias ih pr`cukkbûd`skbih adtra 8 y 8,6 gbii`das ca t`daihchs ca gai`dashduhigadta.

\hphii`< [anüd ihs asthcçstbkhs ca FH@ Kjbdh as aighỳ r pr`cukt`r ca zhphii` ad ai gudc` k`d ud v`-iugad ca pr`cukkbûd qua sa uobkû phrh ai ?==: ad6.;12.6?; t`daihchs. Asth khdtbchc raprasadtû gèscai ;=% ca ih pr`cukkbûd gudcbhi ca asa hø`. Ia sb-nuad, ad `rcad caskadcadta, Bdcbh, _usbh, AA.QQ., yAnbpt`, phçsas ad i`s kuèias ih pr`cukkbûd ̀ skbih adtrai`s =,6 y ;,1 gbii`das ca t`daihchs.

?.; K`garkb` GudcbhiCa ih pr`cukkbûd gudcbhi, hi k`garkb` sa castbdhdai 3,:% ca t`ghtas, ai :,1% ca pbgbadt`s, ai ?,3% cazhphii`s y ai >,>% ca i`s gai`das.

Asths kbfrhs k`dvbartad h asths j`rthibzhs y fruths adud k`dludt` bgp`rthdta ca pr`cukt`s k`garkbhibzh-c`s ad ai gudc`.

?.;.8 Axp`rthkb`dasAd ai parç`c` ?==6/?=8=, ihs axp`rthkb`das ca ihsaspakbas j`rtbfrutçk`ihs ad astucb` hi garkhc` bdtar-dhkb`dhi fuar`d ihs sbnubadtas<

Srhohl` ca khgp` cai aqubp` cai ]r`nrhgh B\D ad ih z`dh pr`cuktbvh ca K`dkapkbûd.

Biustrhkbûd 2< ]r`cukkbûd ca S`ghta, ]bgbadt ,̀ Gaiûd y \hphiì Dbvai Gudcbhi (S`d)._uor`s ]hçsas ?==6 ?==> ?==: ?==2

S`ghta

Kjbdh ;?.182.;81 ;;.126.::8 ;;.288.>=? ;3.8?=.=3=

AA.QQ. 8?.?1>.8>? 83.8:1.8:= 8;.>8:.8>8 83.838.:1=

Surquçh 2.:13.:>> 2.231.=3; 8=.2:1.;11 8=.>31.1>?

@tr`s >1.3?6.:2> >6.>21.?=6 >>.683.3:; >=.26>.>86

S̀ thi Gudcbhi 8;=.=1:.?68 8;3.1??.;8= 8;6.??2.>88 8?2.2>1.8>:

]bgbadt`

Kjbdh 8;.=;=.?;3 83.=?6.?>? 83.?>3.8>: 83.1?3.8>:

Surquçh 8.:3?.8>1 8.>12.??3 8.>26.8>> 8.:;>.==;

Gâxbk` 8.6:8.?>> 8.:2=.3?: ?.=13.26: D/C

@tr`s 8=.=?2.?28 2.>;;.?6? 2.2=8.61> 1.22>.>>>

S̀ thi Gudcbhi ?6.1:?.2>> ?>.3=2.8:6 ?:.=?6.2:= ??.;1:.21:

Gaiûd

Kjbdh 8;.281.>>; 83.?8=.=2= 83.;??.3:= 83.6??.3:=

Surquçh 8.>>=.=== 8.668.8;= 8.>32.2;1 8.6>2.828

Brèd 8.;6>.;31 8.?;=.=== 8.?;=.=== D/C

@tr`s 8=.;?>.;38 8=.>=?.=>6 8=.;;3.:;; 1.1;;.>6=

S̀ thi Gudcbhi ?>.;:=.312 ?>.:=;.?26 ?>.6;>.?3: ?8.:;1.3;8

\hphii`

Kjbdh 6.=>;.>?1 6.;=2.6?; 6.;12.6?; 6.1=2.6?;

Bdcbh ;.1==.=== ;.1==.=== ;.1==.=== D/C

_usbh 8.8:3.6>= 8.=?2.>?= 21;.:3= 8.8?;.;6=

@tr`s 2.282.816 2.26;.11; 8=.813.6?; 6.>?:.?13

S̀ thi Gudcbhi ?=.6>>.118 ?=.:=?.:26 ?=.26:.=:6 83.;68.?;>


F`t`nrhfçh< HKCB/V@KH ]hrhnuhy.


17/60J@_SHIB\H[ R F_QSH[ HDÈIB[B[ CA IH KHCADH CA VHI@_ 8>

S`ghta?; t`daihchs. Ad ai parç`cài k`gp`rthgbadt` cai vìugad ca axp`rthkbûd jhsbc` guy uktuhdta, ranbstrèdc`sa hizhs y ohlhs adkhch ud` ca i`s hø`s kbthc`s.

Ai vhi`r pr`gacb` ca ihs ragashs ca t`ghta ad aiparç`c` ca rafaradkbh suparû i`s Q[$ 6.>>3 gbii`das,i` kuhi bdcbkh ud bdtarashdta vìugad ca dan`kb`sgudcbhias y ai d` casprakbhoia vhi`r hi qua sa k`tbzhad i`s garkhc`s bdtardhkb`dhias.

Ai ghy`r axp`rthc`r cai gudc` i` k`dstbtuya ]hçsasOhl`s k`d 8.;1>.6:6 t`daihchs y hp`rthdc` ai ?8% caivìugad ca t`ghta k`garkbhibzhc` h dbvai gudcbhi ad?==2. Ia sbnuad Gâxbk` (8>%), Asphøh (8;%), Surquçh(:%), Ghrruak`s (1%), AA.QQ. (3%), adtra `tr`s.

]bgbadt`< Ai pr`gacb` ca axp`rthkb`das fua ca?.8>3.?:3 t`daihchs hduhias. Ad ai parç`c` ca astucbài k`gp`rthgbadt` cai vìugad ca axp`rthkbûd jhsbc` guy uktuhdta. Ai vhi`r pr`gacb` ca ihs axp`r-thkb`das ca pbgbadt`s suparû i`s Q[$ ;.3:> gbii`das.

Ai ghy`r axp`rthc`r cai gudc` as Gâxbk` k`d6=:.633 t`daihchs, hp`rthdc` ai ?3,6?% cai vìugadca pbgbadt`s axp`rthc`s h dbvai gudcbhi ad ?==2. Ia

Biustrhkbûd 8=< Axp`rthkbûd ca S̀ ghta, ]bgbadt ,̀ Gaiûd y \hphiì h Dbvai Gudcbhi.

_ u o r ` s

]hçsas?==6 ?==> ?==: ?==2 ?=8= ]r`gacb`

Vìugad(S`d)

GbiasQ[$

Vìugad(S`d)

GbiasQ[$

Vìugad(S`d)

GbiasQ[$

Vìugad(S`d)

GbiasQ[$

Vìugad(S`d)

GbiasQ[$

Vìugad(S`d)

GbiasQ[$

S ` g h t a

]hçsas O hl`s :;1.6?> 8.;;8.=66 :3?.=?> 8.1;:.;:8 2?>.1?2 8.>36.66? 8.;1>.6:6 8.16?.>38 2=1.38> 8.>18.:6: 2>;.61> 8.1:6.833

Gâxbk` 8.=?8.1=; 8.882.;38 8.=1?.6:6 8.=6:.6?1 8.=3?.>?> 8.?=1.;2? 8.8;6.?22 8.?8=.>1> 8.1=2.686 8.686.:;= 8.81?.166 8.?33.8:2

Asphøh 22>.181 8.==2.2=: ::3.?33 8.8>2.838 21>.6== 8.?1?.1;: :>?.166 8.8;:.>>> >;:.>>? 8.=:1.>2? :2=.8;2 8.8;;.?;8

@tr`s ;.688.2:2 ?.?;?.:83 ;.?>1.=6: ?.2?2.3;= ;.3;;.;:= ;.8;6.6:2 ;.?88.?=? ?.2;3.1:? ?.;81.86? ?.:?=.;6> ;.862.;6= ?.:8=.>>6

Gudcbhi 6.366.6;3 1.62;.8?2 6.=13.=?1 6.>81.1>> 6.;68.?;6 >.;38.?:8 6.1>>.>1; 6.:36.:1> 1.36:.26> >.?>3.:1> 6.8:1.>?; 6.>>3.;3=

] b g b a d t `

]hçsas Ohl`s ;>=.;?; 2?;.:=; ;>2.86= 8.8?6.=83 383.1== 8.8>2.>:8 1;3.2:2 2>8.:18 382.?2= 8.8?;.1:3 3?;.61? 8.=61.==>

Asphøh 3:;.?21 1:8.:22 ;>2.=3: >=8.6:? 33:.:3? 23;.2;: 36:.3=> >=?.8;> 336.;== >:6.>?: 331.8>: >3;.?>>

Gâxbk` 18?.3>; 1:;.1=3 1?8.:>: 6=:.2>8 1:=.:63 6?;.1;> 6=:.633 16?.12; 633.16= 12>.=8? 1>;.6:3 121.8?;

@tr`s 1:6.262 >6?.338 6:>.13; 8.==8.=:= :;>.322 8.?68.==1 :12.6>; 8.8:>.;>1 6:>.86; 8.?=:.6>1 >;8.>62 8.=:3.881

Gudcbhi 8.21;.=6= ?.:18.63> 8.26>.6?2 ;.3;>.>3> ?.?:8.>=1 3.==:.?68 ?.3>8.>8; ;.3?;.216 ?.82>.;8; ;.>81.222 ?.8>3.?:3 ;.3:>.1??

G a i û d

Asphøh ;:=.=3> ;=;.31; ;>3.38; ;=>.=6= ;32.88? ;68.83; ;66.231 ?23.6=6 ;>6.8=; ;?>.>68 ;62.;?3 ;8:.:=1

Orhsbi 8>?.:?= ::.?3? ?=3.1=? 8?:.?83 ?88.>2= 81?.8;? 8:;.28? 8??.=21 8>>.:?2 8?8.2>= 82=.8>8 8??.1;8

AA.QQ. 8:2.?>6 8=:.?8> ?=;.;?= 8??.;23 8;3.:1? 8?3.>=2 ?=?.6;; 8?8.?1; ?=2.;8: 8;?.>61 8:>.::= 8?8.:6:

@tr`s 8.8>2.>2? 6;;.=>= 8.181.;== :33.181 8.36=.:?> :3;.2== 8.3;6.::; :=8.8=? 6=3.;3; 3>2.3=1 8.?;2.3?2 >?=.;2:

Gudcbhi 8.2?8.2;1 8.8;?.2:? ?.?2>.1;1 8.3=?.8:; ?.816.1:8 8.3:8.::3 ?.82=.;>; 8.;;2.=16 8.;6>.12; 8.=68.2=8 8.2:6.:=; 8.?:;.6=8

\ h p h i i `

Asphøh ?8?.?8? ?=>.?83 ?83.2>2 ?8?.::8 ???.=32 ?1;.3;2

D/C D/C

?86.38; ??3.188

D. \aihdch >2.:62 ;6.:?3 881.:== 32.113 8==.:21 1=.121 2:.:11 31.61:Frhdkbh ?:.862 ;1.16? ?:.2;= ;:.682 ?1.;6? ;2.3=: ?>.3:> ;>.:6;

@tr`s 832.;2: 888.6;: 8>?.22= 83>.?83 8>?.??8 8:?.8;= 863.:>= 836.223

Gudcbhi 362.63: ;28.?;: 1;?.622 33:.?6: 1?=.1?> 1?1.1>? 1=>.6?1 311.=?6


sbnuad ]hçsas Ohl`s (?8,63%), Asphøh (8:,21%), AA.QQ.(3,=3%), Bsrhai (;,2>%), Khdhcè (;,??%), adtra `tr`s.

Gaiûd< Ai vìugad pr`gacb` ca axp`rthkb`das fuaca 8.2:6.:=; t`daihchs hduhias. Ai k`gp`rthgbadt`cai vìugad ca ragashs jh sbc` raihtbvhgadta asth-oia. Ad kuhdt` h vhi`r, ai pr`gacb` suparû Q[$ 8.?:;gbii`das.

Ai ghy`r axp`rthc`r cai gudc` as Nuhtaghih k`d;:2.31? t`daihchs ad ?==2, hp`rthdc` ai 8>,>:% caivìugad ca gai`das axp`rthc` h dbvai gudcbhi ad?==2. Ia sbnuad Asphøh (86,>1%), J`dcurhs (2,?2%),AA.QQ. (2,?1%), Orhsbi (:,3%), adtra `tr`s.

\hphii`,2?%), Ghrruak`s (6,2;%), Frhdkbh (3,:>%), ]hçsasOhl`s (3,33%), adtra `tr`s.


18/60BDBKBHSBVH \@DH D@_SA8:

?.;.? Bgp`rthkb`dasAi pr`gacb` phrh ihs bgp`rthkb`das ca ihs j`rthib-zhs y fruths ad astucb` h dbvai gudcbhi ad ai parç`c`?==6/?=8= fuar`d ihs sbnubadtas<

S`ghta>1.>;? t`daihchs. K`g` as caasparhr, hi bnuhi qua ihs axp`rthkb`das h dbvai gud-cbhi, ihs bgp`rthkb`das prasadthr`d uktuhkb`das ad

kuhdt` hi vìugad bgp`rthc`.

Ai ghy`r bgp`rthc`r cai gudc` as AA.QQ. k`d gèsca Q[$ 8.1;? gbii`das ad ai ?=8=, hkhphrhdc` ai?>,6>% cai vìugad ca t`ghta qua sa bgp`rth h dbvaigudcbhi. Ia sbnuad _usbh (8?,6;%), Hiaghdbh (8?,;%),Frhdkbh (:,2%), _abd` Qdbc` (6,23%), adtra `tr`s.

]bgbadt`< [a bgp`rthr`d ad pr`gacb` ad ai parç`-c` gadkb`dhc` ?.8;;.118 t`daihchs, g`strhdc` su-ohs y ohlhs ad i`s vìugadas ca i`s hø`s cai parç`c`.

AA.QQ. as ai ghy`r bgp`rthc`r cai gudc` k`d Q[$22; gbii`das ad ai ?=8= (;?,13%). Ia sbnuad Hiaghdbh(83,83%), _abd` Qdbc` (6,81%), Frhdkbh (1,?6%), Kh-dhcè (3,>1%), adtra `tr`s.

Gaiûd.=:; t`daihchs, g`strhdc` kbarth asthobibchcad kuhdt` hi vìugad curhdta i`s hø`s gadkb`dhc`s.

Ai ghy`r bgp`rthc`r cai gudc` i` k`dstbtuya aigarkhc` ca AA.QQ., bgp`rthdc` gès ca Q[$ ?:6 gb-ii`das ad ai ?=8=, hkhphrhdc` ai ;;,>:% cai vìugadca gai`das qua sa bgp`rth h dbvai gudcbhi. Ia sbnuadKhdhcè (:,;%), Jìhdch (:,?6%), Frhdkbh (>,>>%), _ab-d` Qdbc` (>,1>%), adtra `tr`s.

\hphii`< [a bgp`rthr`d ad pr`gacb` ad ai parç`c`>2=.?6= t`daihchs, prasadthdc` ud raihtbv` aqubiborb`,hudqua k`d tadcadkbh krakbadta ad kuhdt` hi vìu-gad curhdta i`s hø`s gadkb`dhc`s.

Ai ghy`r bgp`rthc`r cai gudc` thgobâd as ai gar-khc` ca i`s Asthc`s Qdbc`s, k`gprhdc` gès ca Q[$?1; gbii`das ad ai ?==: (;2,>% ca ih bgp`rthkbûdgudcbhi). Ia sbnuad Frhdkbh (8>,:>%), Lhpûd (8?,=:%),Hiaghdbh (6,>%), _abd` Qdbc` (3,8?%), adtra `tr`s.

]`r i` thdt`, i`s prbdkbphias castbd`s phrh ihs j`rthib-zhs y fruths s`d ai garkhc` hobart` ca Asthc`s Qdb-

c`s y ai garkhc` prafaradkbhi Aur`pa`, qua sup`daih adtrhch ca hinud`s ca ast`s pr`cukt`s casca i`sphçsas bdtanrhdtas ca Hsbh y ca Ihtbd`hgârbkh.

Biustrhkbûd 88< Bgp`rthkbûd ca S̀ ghta, ]bgbadt ,̀ Gaiûd y \hphiì h Dbvai Gudcbhi.

_ u o r ` s

]hçsas?==6 ?==> ?==: ?==2 ?=8= ]r`gacb`

Vìugad(S`d)

GbiasQ[$

Vìugad(S`d)

GbiasQ[$

Vìugad(S`d)

GbiasQ[$

Vìugad(S`d)

GbiasQ[$

Vìugad(S`d)

GbiasQ[$

Vìugad(S`d)

GbiasQ[$

S ` g h t a

AA.QQ. 22?.;;> 8.;==.6>: 8.=>=.:=> 8.?:;.=8> 2=;.=83 8.1=8.82; 8.8:2.6=8 8.3>=.:8; 8.1;?.32? 8.:>2.1;3 8.8;>.61= 8.3:>.=3>

Hiaghdbh >8>.>8? 8.=>6.6:6 66;.168 8.??>.:;3 613.261 8.?22.22? 61>.=?8 8.8:3.:16 6:8.?86 8.;;>.?;1 6>3.:21 8.??1.;?8

_. Qdbc` 33?.3;? 6>6.336 3??.?66 >>>.;?? 382.;>2 >33.68; ;21.?3= 6;8.>3? ;:3.6=? 6>=.=>8 38?.>:3 >==.=;2

@tr`s ;.38=.>:6 ?.6>2.6;1 ;.663.>;> ;.662.831 ;.:>>.=38 ;.:63.6>6 ;.:1:.2>6 ;.:8:.263 ?.23=.3>3 ;.:6;.168 ;.11=.3=; ;.1>2.826

Gudcbhi 1.16;.?6> 1.>;;.331 1.:?8.;>8 6.21>.;8: 1.:13.;22 >.38=.3>3 6.8==.:;: >.8=6.;>1 1.1;:.>:3 >.>1=.3=8 1.>>1.>;? 6.228.6=;

] b g b a d t `

AA.QQ. 111.1;6 :8:.1?6 1:1.=?1 :36.>:3 ;:>.=?= :63.?;6 63:.>3= :=>.6?8 >6;.8=: 22;.?36 1:>.::6 :66.=:;

Hiaghdbh ;=:.18; 68=.2=; ?>>.>>6 >;:.6?= ;=;.668 >63.361 ;?6.3?: 613.223 ;;8.688 >68.??? ;=2.12: >=6.=38

_. Qdbc` 83=.;38 ;86.66? 83>.::6 386.828 832.8=; ;2?.128 8;1.226 ?:2.286 833.8;= ;3>.33? 83;.328 ;1?.16=

@tr`s 8.=;=.2>6 8.;2;.6:8 8.=1;.638 ?.=61.6=? 8.8;?.33? 8.23=.;=2 8.8;2.6=6 8.>;?.1>= 8.8=6.?83 ?.=3:.>;6 8.=2?.1>6 8.:;6.8:=

Gudcbhi ?.=;1.;66 ;.8;2.>>? ?.=63.;?: 3.=6>.82> 8.2>?.??6 ;.268.6=8 ?.?1=.>>= ;.3:1.8=8 ?.;31.=6; 3.81=.636 ?.8;;.118 ;.>6=.:6;

G a i û d

AA.QQ. 6;8.6;= ?68.>;1 61?.=63 ;=>.:;1 ;16.23> ?>8.32? 618.811 ?21.1?6 6??.831 ?:6.>;= 1:?.>:: ?:3.663

Frhdkbh 8;>.>?3 81>.;>2 8;>.822 86=.?:2 831.>>8 8:3.6;8 838.682 816.6?8 83;.8>3 81:.=?3 838.=2> 86;.;:2

_. Qdbc` 866.??8 816.66; 8>6.8=: 828.8?? 81>.;13 8>2.::? 8;:.;>: 83?.=>; 8;2.3?6 8;:.2?3 811.32> 868.>;;

@tr`s 8.=>2.>>= :=:.:== 8.8=1.:11 :22.6>2 8.?8:.=2? 2:;.=:> 8.=3>.>61 2?>.:=? 2;>.=86 :1:.6;3 8.=>>.>== :21.6==

Gudcbhi ?.=81.;31 8.;:3.1>> ?.=>8.??6 8.11:.2?1 8.:>:.863 8.682.=2? 8.2>:.28> 8.1??.=?? 8.:38.>68 8.33?.;8? 8.21>.=:; 8.1=1.;:6

\ h p h i i `

AA.QQ. ;8:.?1? ?3;.;31 ;;>.>66 ?1?.116 ;?2.>:= ?1;.==8

D/C D/C

;?:.122 ?32.6;3

Frhdkbh 8;2.:2; 836.8;= 833.1=6 81=.3?? 83:.33: 8:;.236 833.?:? 86=.866 Lhpûd 8=;.?>; >1.?63 8=3.23; 62.8:= 8==.;:= >>.:?8 8=?.:61 >3.=::

@tr`s ?88.?11 ?11.?;: ?;3.;>6 ?:8.882 ?1?.818 ;31.>38 ?;?.123 ?23.=;;

Gudcbhi >>?.6>; >82.2>> :?8.128 >1;.?>> :;=.>12 :6=.1=2 :=:.;38 >>>.2?8

Fuadta< HKCB/V@KH sòra cht`s ca Srhcaghp. D/C< D` cbsp`dboia.



Ai t`ghta k`sakjhc` as agohihc` ad khlhs ca ghcarh phrh su trhdsp`rta h i`s kadtr`s ca k`dsug`.

?.3 K`dsug` GudcbhiIh ghy`r phrta ca ihs j`rthibzhs y fruths ad astucb`,

pr`cukbchs h dbvai gudcbhi, sa k`dsugad bdtardhgad-ta ad i`s gbsg`s phçsas pr`cukt`ras. Ast` sa raalhad ai jakj` ca qua prèktbkhgadta i`s gbsg`s phçsasqua c`gbdhd ihs ibsths ca pr`cukkbûd gudcbhi, s`dthgobâd i`s prbdkbphias k`dsugbc`ras ad ai gudc`<

S`ghta;.3=3 t`daihchs k`g` pr`gacb`hduhi ad ai parç`c` (?1,=;% cai k`dsug` gudcbhi).Ia sbnuad AA.QQ. (8=,6>%), Surquçh (>,3?%), Bdcbh(>,3>%), Anbpt` (6,6%), adtra `tr`s.

]bgbadt`>>.1?3 t`daihchs ad pr`gacb̀ hduhi, ì quaaqubvhia h ud 1?,3;% cai k`dsug ̀gudcbhi ad ai parç̀ c .̀Ia sbnuad Surquçh (6,6?%), AA.QQ. (1,33%), Gâxbk ̀(1,=2%),Bdc`dasbh (3,;8%), adtra t̀r`s.

Gaiûd< @trh vaz Kjbdh k`d 83.81:.1;> t`daihchs adpr`gacb̀ hduhi, ì qua aqubvhia h ud 18,>1% cai k`dsu-g ̀gudcbhi ad ai parç̀ c .̀ Ia sbnuad Surquçh (6,?2%), Brèd(3,6?%), AA.QQ. (1,6>%), Asphøh (?,2>%), adtra ̀ tr`s.

\hphiì 2%),_usbh (1,;=%), AA.QQ. (;,23%), Anbpt ̀(;,?>%), adtra ̀ tr`s.

Fuadta< HKCB/V@KH s`ora cht`s ca FH@.

]hçsas ?==6 ?==> ?==:

S ` g h t a

Kjbdh ;?.121.218 ;;.6=3.12: ;;.282.663

AA.QQ. 8;.8=1.;?1 81.=8=.6>1 83.1:?.6;1

Surquçh 2.11=.1=1 2.1>?.2>3 8=.131.>8=

@tr`s >3.1:>.;88 >6.8:2.:63 >6.:=>.>:3

S̀ thi Gudcbhi 8?2.:;2.=2? 8;3.;>:.888 8;1.:11.>2;

] b g

b a d t `

Kjbdh 8;.=;8.1:2 83.=?>.813 83.?>;.:?2

Surquçh 8.>:?.:=3 8.>=>.:1? 8.>;=.?8?

Gâxbk` 8.86:.?;6 8.;6>.8:8 8.3:8.82=

@tr`s 8=.3:1.;;= :.:23.6:6 :.::?.=31

S̀ thi Gudcbhi ?6.36>.212 ?1.226.:>; ?6.;6>.?>6

G a i û d

Kjbdh 8;.2?1.32? 83.?82.?;8 83.;;=.::>

Surquçh 8.>6?.2:: 8.613.8;3 8.>3?.8;=

Brèd 8.;36.31; 8.??>.=:1 8.?82.3:;

@tr̀ s 8=.81>.33: 8=.386.232 8=.=>8.88?

S̀ thi Gudcbhi ?>.82?.;:8 ?>.18>.;22 ?>.;6;.68?

\

h p h i i `

Kjbdh 6.8>2.>61 6.3;?.38= 6.36>.;13

Bdcbh ;.16=.=?3 ;.1?:.>=6 ;.13>.11;

_usbh 8.?32.12? 8.=23.;?6 8.=8?.221

@tr̀ s 2.228.821 8=.=;6.;36 8=.?1=.386S̀ thi Gudcbhi ?=.2:=.1>6 ?8.=28.>:: ?8.?>:.;8:

Biustrhkbûd 8?< K`dsug ̀Gudcbhi (S̀ d)

F`t`nrhfçh< Q[HBC ]hrhnuhy.


20/60BDBKBHSBVH \@DH D@_SA?=

?.1 ]rakb̀ s Bdtardhkb̀ dhiasI`s prakb`s ca ihs j`rthibzhs y fruths ad astucb`, phnh-c`s ad i`s garkhc`s bdtardhkb`dhias phrh ai parç`c`?==1/?==: fuar`d ihs sbnubadtas<

S`ghta p`r t`daihch.Frhdkbh tbada ai prakb` ca phn` gès hit` (Q[$ ;.?;1,8>/S`d), ia sbnuad Khdhcè (Q[$ ?.:;2,?/S`d), _abd` Qdbc`(Q[$ ?.=>=/S`d), ]hçsas Ohl̀ s (Q[$ 8.2>;,;/S`d), Ghih-sbh (Q[$ 2?;,31/S`d), adtra `tr`s.

Gaiûd< Ai prakb` pr`gacb` phrh ai parç`c` ?==1/?==:sa uobkû adtra Q[$ 23,2 y Q[$ 3:?,1 p`r t`daihch.Cadtr` ca i`s prbdkbphias phçsas ca gal`r phnh p`r i`sgai`das ad ai gudc`, Khdhcè as ai qua tbada ai prakb`ca phn` gès hit`, prasadthdc` ud prakb` pr`gacb` phrhai parç̀ c` ?==1/?==:, ca Q[$ 3:?,1/S`d Ia sbnuad ]`r-

tunhi (Q[$ 3>>,8/S`d), Asphøh (Q[$ 31=,3/S`d), AA.QQ.(Q[$ ;66/S`d), adtra `tr`s.

\hphii /S`d), Hustrhibh (Q[$1;3,2/S`d), Asphøh (Q[$ 1;=,?/S`d), adtra t̀r̀ s.

?.6 [btuhkbûd ca ihs J`rthibzhs y

Fruths ad i`s ]hçsas cai Gark`sur Ihs asthcçstbkhs ca FH@ prasadthchs ad ihs biustrhkb`-das 83 h 8> guastrhd cht`s ca pr`cukkbûd ca t`gh-ta, pbgbadt`, gaiûd y zhphii` ca i`s phçsas cai Gar-k`sur, bdkiuyadc` phçsas bdtanrhdtas piad`s k`g` adpr`kas` ca rak`d`kbgbadt` f`rghi, adtra aii`s Kjbiay O`ibvbh raspaktbvhgadta.

S`ghta< Orhsbi adkhoazh ih ibsth ca i`s qua castbdhdghy`r èrah h ih sbagorh, k`d 68.=3; Jhs ad pr`gacb`hduhi phrh ai parç`c` ?==6/?==2. Ia sbnuad Hrnadtbdh(8>.>1= Jhs), Kjbia (81.:;= Jhs), O`ibvbh (2.;>? Jhs),

]hrhnuhy (8.236 Jhs) y Qrunuhy (>81 Jhs.).Hsç gbsg` Orhsbi as ai ghy`r pr`cukt`r cai oi`quak`d ud pr`gacb` hduhi phrh ai parç`c` ca ;.>86.131

Biustrhkbûd 8;< ]rakb̀ phnhc ̀hi pr`cukt`rad prbdkbphias phçsas (Q[$/S`d)

_uor`s ]hçsas ?==1 ?==6 ?==> ?==: ]r`gacb`

S`ghta

_usbh 281,2 8.=1>,1 8.1?8,2 8.>>?,3 8.;86,2

Hiaghdbh 8.88=,= 8.86=,? 8.=2?,3 8.?1?,3 8.81;,:_abd` Qdbc` 8.;>3,3 8.36;,= 8.6=1,; 8.1>;,= 8.1=;,2]hçsas Ohl`s 8.=;6,1 8.=3=,; 8.=8?,2 226,8 8.=?8,1AA.QQ. 28>,= 26;,= >6>,= 8.==;,= 28?,1

]bgbadt`

Frhdkbh 8.?38,= 8.>?:,: 8.>?;,; :.?3>,6 ;.?;1,?Khdhcè ?.>?:,? ?.>=8,; ?.:;:,1 ;.=::,: ?.:;2,?_abd` Qdbc` 8.:32,? 8.26:,1 ?.?2:,> ?.86;,6 ?.=>=,=]hçsas Ohl`s 8.26>,; ?.=8>,> 8.21:,? 8.21=,= 8.2>;,;Ghihsbh 2?8,6 228,8 ::>,1 :2;,6 2?;,1

Gaiûd

Khdhcè ;2>,? 361,6 18:,8 132,? 3:?,1]`rtunhi 3;3,6 3:;,? 32:,1 32?,= 3>>,8Asphøh ;?8,3 ;:2,3 3>3,: 686,8 31=,3

AA.QQ. ;18,= ;>2,= ;?6,= 3=:,= ;66,=_usbh 38,; :?,6 8?8,; 8;3,; 23,2

\hphii`

Frhdkbh 2:1,6 8.=13,1 8.82:,; 8.631,= 8.??=,2 Lhpûd 8.=:=,= 8.;?>,8 8.8?8,? 8.;;?,; 8.?81,?Bthibh 8.=8=,6 2>1,: 2:1,6 D/C 22=,>Hustrhibh 38=,? 132,? 1>1,; 6=3,: 1;3,2Asphøh 3>=,= 36:,1 18:,6 66;,6 1;=,?



21/60J@_SHIB\H[ R F_QSH[ HDÈIB[B[ CA IH KHCADH CA VHI@_ ?8

t`daihchs. Ih pr`cukkbûd ca Kjbia astè ad sanudcìunhr k`d 8.=3?.=;; t`daihchs. Ia sbnuad Hrnadtbdh(6>>.1== S̀ d), Oìbvbh (8?3.?=: S̀ d), ]hrhnuhy (61.?2>S̀ d) y p`r üitbg` Qrunuhy (;:.?:? S̀ d).

I`s radcbgbadt`s pr`gacb` ca t`ghta ad Gark`sur,`skbihd adtra 8; y 6> S`d/Jh. I`s phçsas ca ghy`rradcbgbadt` i` k`dstbtuyad Kjbia (6> S`d/Jh), Orhsbi(68 S̀ d/Jh), Qrunuhy (16 S̀ d/Jh), Hrnadtbdh (;: S̀ d/Jh), ]hrhnuhy (;3 S`d/Jh). Ad Oìbvbh sa ranbstrh airadcbgbadt` pr`gacb` gès ohl` (8; S`d/Jh).

]bgbadt`< Ihstbg`shgadta ih ohsa ca cht`s ca FH@d` cbsp`da ca bdf`rghkbûd ca èrah ca sbagorh y pr`-cukkbûd ca Orhsbi, sbadc` âsta phçs ud rafaradta bg-p`rthdta cai ruor` ad ih ranbûd. H fhith ca asta phçs,adkhoazh ih ibsth Hrnadtbdh, k`d 6.;6> Jhs ad pr`ga-cb` hduhi phrh ai parç`c` ?==6/?==2. Ia sbnuad O`-ibvbh (?.168 Jhs), (8.>:2 Jhs), ]hrhnuhy (:=> Jhs), yp`r üitbg` Qrunuhy (;86 Jhs.).

Hrnadtbdh as ai ghy`r pr`cukt`r cai Gark`sur, k`dud pr`gacb` hduhi ca udhs 8?6.66> S`daihchs ca fru-

th ad ai parç`c`. Ia sbnuad Kjbia (32.8;6 t`daihchs),Qrunuhy (8;.:>= S̀ d), ]hrhnuhy (6.?:2 S̀ d), y p`r üi-tbg` Oìbvbh (;.;;; S`d).

Ai radcbgbadt` pr`gacb` cai pbgbadt` phrh ai parç`-c` ?==6/?==2 ad i`s phçsas cai Gark`sur, `skbih adtra8 y 33 S̀ d/Jh. I`s phçsas k`d ghy`r radcbgbadt` s`dQrunuhy (33 S`d/Jh), Kjbia (?2 S`d/Jh), Hrnadtbdh(?= S̀ d/Jh), ]hrhnuhy (> S̀ d/Jh). Ad Oìbvbh sa ranbs-trh ai radcbgbadt` pr`gacb` gès ohl` (8 S`d/Jh).

Gaiûd< Ad suparkba sagorhch ca gai`das ad i`sphçsas cai Gark`sur, Orhsbi adkhoazh ih ibsth ca i`s quacastbdhd ih ghy`r èrah h ih sbagorh k`d 82.11> jak-tèrahs ad pr`gacb` hduhi phrh ai parç`c` ?==6/?==2.Ia sbnua ]hrhnuhy k`d 6.?28 jaktèrahs, Hrnadtbdh(1.;>1 Jhs), Kjbia (;.8=; Jhs), y p`r üitbg` Qrunuhyk`d (?=2 Jhs.), phrh asta ruor` Oìbvbh d` ranbstrhbdf`rghkbûd sòra sbagorh.

Ad kuhdt` h ih pr`cukkbûd ca gai`das Orhsbi as aighy`r pr`cukt`r cai Gark`sur, k`d ud pr`gacb`hduhi ca udhs 331.?62 t`daihchs ca fruth ad ai pa-rç`c` ?==6/?==2. Ih pr`cukkbûd ca Hrnadtbdh astè ad:;.>1= t`daihchs, sbadc` ai sanudc` ghy`r pr`cuk-t`r ca ih ranbûd. Ia sbnuad Kjbia (36.66> S`d), ]hrh-nuhy (?;.66; S`d) y p`r üitbg` Qrunuhy (;.8>= S`d).Oìbvbh d` ranbstrh bdf`rghkbûd sòra pr`cukkbûd.

I`s radcbgbadt`s pr`gacb` cai pbgbadt` phrh ai pa-


]hçsas Vhrbhoias ?==6 ?==> ?==: ?==2 ]r`gacb`

HrnadtbdhÈrah K`sakjhch (Jh) 8>.=== 8:.=== 8:.=== 8:.=== 8>.>1=

]r`cukkbûd (S̀ d) 6>=.=== 6:=.=== 6:=.=== 6:=.=== 6>>.1==

_adcbgbadt` (S̀ d/Jh) ;2 ;: ;: ;: ;:

OìbvbhÈrah K`sakjhch (Jh) 2.88> 2.?22 2.38> 2.616 2.;>?

]r`cukkbûd (S̀ d) 8?6.?81 8?3.;?: 8??.6:> 8?;.6== 8?3.?=:

_adcbgbadt` (S̀ d/Jh) 83 8; 8; 8=

OrhsbiÈrah K`sakjhch (Jh) 1:.:2; 1:.3=3 6=.28? 61.263 68.=3;

]r`cukkbûd (S̀ d) ;.;6?.611 ;.3;8.?;= ;.:6>.611 3.?=3.6;: ;.>86.131

_adcbgbadt` (S̀ d/Jh) 1> 12 6; 63 68

KjbiaÈrah K`sakjhch (Jh) 82.=== 82.1== 82.1== 1.;8: 81.:;=

]r`cukkbûd (S̀ d) 8.?1=.=== 8.?>=.=== 8.?>=.=== ;>:.8;= 8.=3?.=;;

_adcbgbadt` (S̀ d/Jh) 66 61 61 >8 6>

]hrhnuhyÈrah K`sakjhch (Jh) ?.6?= ?.>== 8.?=6 8.?16 8.236

]r`cukkbûd (S̀ d) ::.=>= ::.1== 3=.?13 33.;6; 61.?2>

_adcbgbadt` (S̀ d/Jh) ;3 ;; ;; ;1 ;3

QrunuhyÈrah K`sakjhch (Jh) 216 2=> 3?; 1>3 >81

]r`cukkbûd (S̀ d) 36.8=8 38.322 ?:.1=3 ;>.=?? ;:.?:?

_adcbgbadt` (S̀ d/Jh) 3: 36 6> 63 16

Biustrhkbûd 83


22/60BDBKBHSBVH \@DH D@_SA??

rç`c` ?==6/?==2 ad i`s phçsas cai Gark`sur `skbihdadtra 3 y ?; S`d/Jh. I`s phçsas ca ghy`r radcbgbad-t` i` k`dstbtuyad Orhsbi (?; S`d/Jh), Hrnadtbdh (86

S`d/Jh), Qrunuhy y Kjbia (81 S`d/Jh). Ad ]hrhnuhysa ranbstrh ai radcbgbadt` pr`gacb` gès ohl` phrh ih_anbûd, ad ai parç`c` kbthc` as ca 3 S`d/Jh.

\hphii`< Ihstbg`shgadta ih ohsa ca cht`s ca FH@d` cbsp`da ca bdf`rghkbûd sòra Orhsbi. H fhith caast`s cht`s adkhoazh ih ibsth ca i`s qua castbdhd ih

ghy`r èrah h ih sbagorh Hrnadtbdh, k`d ?=.>1= jaktè-rahs ad pr`gacb` hduhi phrh ai parç`c` ?==6/?==2. Ia sbnuad Kjbia (1.82; Jhs), Oìbvbh (?.2=1 Jhs), Qru-nuhy (?.>;3 Jhs), y p`r üitbg` ]hrhnuhy (8.118 Jhs).

Biustrhkbûd 81< Èrah K`sakjhch, ]r`cukkbûd y_adcbgbadt ̀ca ]bgbadt ̀ad ai Gark`sur.]hçsas Vhrbhoias ?==6 ?==> ?==: ?==2 ]r`gacb`

Hrnadtbdh

Èrah K`sakjhch (Jh) 6;== 63== 63== D/C 6.;6>

]r`cukkbûd (S̀ d) 8?6=== 8?>=== 8?>=== D/C 8?6.66>

_adcbgbadt` (S̀ d/Jh) ?= ?= ?= D/C ?=

Oìbvbh

Èrah K`sakjhch (Jh) ?1=: ?13? ?1>> ?681 ?.168

]r`cukkbûd (S̀ d) ;??2 ;;=6 ;;:2 ;3=: ;.;;;

_adcbgbadt` (S̀ d/Jh) 8 8 8 8 8

Kjbia

Èrah K`sakjhch (Jh) ?1== 816> 86== 83:2 8.>:2

]r`cukkbûd (S̀ d) 3?1== 3>=== 1?=== 11=3? 32.8;6

_adcbgbadt` (S̀ d/Jh) 8> ;= ;; ;> ?2

]hrhnuhy

Èrah K`sakjhch (Jh) 8=1= 88== 3>: 6== :=>

]r`cukkbûd (S̀ d) 2;?1 21== 88?? 1?=: 6.?:2_adcbgbadt` (S̀ d/Jh) 2 2 ? 2 >

Qrunuhy

Èrah K`sakjhch (Jh) ;;3 ;;; ?:8 D/C ;86

]r`cukkbûd (S̀ d) 838>> 8;:68 8;1>8 D/C 8;.:>=

_adcbgbadt` (S̀ d/Jh) 3? 3? 3: D/C 33



]hçsas Vhrbhoias ?==6 ?==> ?==: ?==2 ]r`gacb`

Hrnadtbdh Èrah K`sakjhch (Jh) 1.=== 1.1== 1.1== 1.1== 1.;>1]r`cukkbûd (S̀ d) :=.=== :1.=== :1.=== :1.=== :;.>1=

_adcbgbadt` (S̀ d/Jh) 86 81 81 81 86

Orhsbi Èrah K`sakjhch (Jh) ?8.;1= ?8.1>6 81.>36 D/C 82.11>

]r`cukkbûd (S̀ d) 1==.=?8 321.;?; ;3=.363 D/C 331.?62

_adcbgbadt` (S̀ d/Jh) ?; ?; ?? D/C ?;

Kjbia Èrah K`sakjhch (Jh) ;.?== ;.=13 ;.=13 D/C ;.8=;

]r`cukkbûd (S̀ d) 3:.=== 36.=== 36.=== D/C 36.66>

_adcbgbadt` (S̀ d/Jh) 81 81 81 D/C 81

]hrhnuhy Èrah K`sakjhch (Jh) >.>?= >.>1= 8.:3; >.:1= 6.?28

]r`cukkbûd (S̀ d) ?:.::= ?2.=== 6.2>= ?2.:== ?;.66;_adcbgbadt` (S̀ d/Jh) 3 3 3 3 3

Qrunuhy Èrah K`sakjhch (Jh) ?68 8>; 82? D/C ?=2

]r`cukkbûd (S̀ d) ;.181 ?.>;6 ;.?12 D/C ;.8>=

_adcbgbadt` (S̀ d/Jh) 8; 86 8> D/C 81

Biustrhkbûd 86< Èrah K`sakjhch, ]r`cukkbûd y_adcbgbadt ̀ca Gaiûd ad ai Gark`sur.


23/60J@_SHIB\H[ R F_QSH[ HDÈIB[B[ CA IH KHCADH CA VHI@_ ?;

Hrnadtbdh as ai ghy`r pr`cukt`r cai Gark`sur k`dud pr`gacb` hduhi ca ?2>.1== t`daihchs. Ia sbnuadKjbia (88;.;=? S`d), Qrunuhy (?=.63? S`d), Oìbvbh(?=.==8 S̀ d) y p`r üitbg` ]hrhnuhy (6.613 S̀ d).

Ai radcbgbadt` pr`gacb` cai zhphii` phrh ai parç`c`?==6/?==2 ad i`s phçsas cai Gark`sur `skbih adtra 3

y ?? S`d/Jh. I`s phçsas k`d ghy`r radcbgbadt` s`dKjbia (?? S̀ d/Jh), Hrnadtbdh (83 S̀ d/Jh), Qrunuhy (:S̀ d/Jh), Oìbvbh (> S̀ d/Jh). Ad ]hrhnuhy sa ranbstrh airadcbgbadt` pr`gacb` gès ohl` ca ih ranbûd(3 S̀ d/Jh).

?.>.K`garkb` Axtard` ca J`rthib-zhs y Fruths ad cai Gark`sur ?.>.8 Axp`rthkb`das ad ai Gark`sur

Ca hkuarc` k`d cht`s ca Srhcaghp, k`dtrhsthc`sk`d asthcçstbkhs ca FH@, jbstûrbkhgadta ihs j`rthib-zhs y fruths ad astucb` jhd tadbc` uktuhkb`das bd-tarhduhias guy k`dtrhcbkt`rbhs ad kuhdt` h i`s vìü-gadas y vhi`ras ca k`garkb` ad ih ranbûd.

Ast`s orusk`s shit`s sa caoarçhd h qua ih pr`cukkbûdastè `rbadthch h hohstakar ih caghdch bdtardh cu-rhdta t`c` ai hø`. Asta fhkt`r astè catargbdhc` p`r ihfhkbibchc ca pr`cukbr asths aspakbas ad cbfaradtas âp`-khs cai hø`, sanüd ihs z`dhs ca pr`cukkbûd, y h ih nrhdcbfusbûd ca ihs tâkdbkhs ca kuitbv` ohl` bdvardhcar`.

Ad raspuasth h ast` ih `farth sa hcakuh ohsthdta h ihasthkb`dhibchc. D` òsthdta, ad catargbdhchs sbtuh-kb`das sa d`thd fhithdtas ` axkacadtas ca pr`cukt`sad kbarths âp`khs cai hø`, sbtuhkbûd qua puaca hnrh-vhrsa k`d ih hphrbkbûd ca fadûgad`s gata`rìûnbk`s.

@tr`s k`dcbkb`dhdtas s`d i`s pròiaghs shdbthrb`s adnadarhi, y ai bdkragadt` ca adfargachcas ad ihs pihd-thkb`das hi hbra ibora, y ca pihnhs ad i`s kuitbv`s ohl`kuobarth, qua nadarhd parcbchs y ohlh pr`cukkbûd.

S`ghta< Hrnadtbdh sa uobkû ad ai puast` dügarùd` ca ih ranbûd phrh ai ?==2, axp`rthdc` ud vìu-gad ca 88.;:? S`daihchs y nadarhdc` ud vhi`r caQ[$ ?.3>6.===. Ihs axp`rthkb`das cai Gark`sur ad


;==.===

?1=.===

?==.===

81=.===

8==.===

1=.===

=

Biustrhkbûd 8>< ]r`cukkbûd ]r`gacb`ca \hphii` ad ai Gark`sur (S`d)

H r n

a d t b d

h O r h s b i

Q r u n u h y

O ̀ i b v b h

] h r h n u h y

K j b i a

Hstarb` Kadturbûd y su fhgbibh ad ih phrkaih ca pbgbadt`s qua jh rakbobc` hsbstadkbh cai ]r̀ nrhgh B\D.



24/60BDBKBHSBVH \@DH D@_SA?3

ai hø` ?==2 nadarhr`d Q[$ ;.?66.===, p`r i` qua sak`dsbcarh hi t`ghta k`g` ruor` ca raihtbvh bgp`r-thdkbh k`garkbhi ad ih ranbûd.

]bgbadt`.8.8 Axp`rthkb`das ]hrhnuhy[anüd guastrhd cht`s ca ca ih biustrhkbûd 8:, ad aiparç`c` ?==6/?=8=, ai t`ghta fua ai üdbk` pr`cuktàxp`rthc` p`r duastr` phçs ad ai hø` ?==> (;?1 t`-daihchs p`r üdbkh vaz).

Ai üdbk` garkhc` caghdchdta cai t`ghta phrhnuhyàs Hrnadtbdh. Ai vhi`r qua hp`rtû ih ragash hi phçs fua

ca Q[$ 1>.=== ad ai hø` ?==>.

?.>.8.? D`rghs y _aqubsbt`s phrh Axp`rthrJ`rthibzhs y Fruths casca ]hrhnuhy

Hcagès ca ihs axbnadkbhs d`rghias phrh ihs axp`rth-kb`das phrhnuhyhs, caoag`s gadkb`dhr qua sa astèdjhkbadc` hcakuhkb`das ca ih ianbsihkbûd h ihs axbnadkbhscai GA_K@[Q_.

Shi ai khs` ca ih _asìukbûd D¼ ?;= cai [arvbkb` Dhkb`-dhi ca Khibchc y [hdbchc Vanathi y ca [agbiihs ([ADHVA).

]@_ IH KQHI [A CB[]@DA IH VBNADKBH AD IH _A-]QOIBKH CAI ]H_HNQHR CA IH[ _A[@IQKB@DA[HKSQHIB\HCH[ R H]_@OHCH[ ]@_ AI N_Q]@GA_KHC@ K@GÜD CAI GA_K@[Q_, _AFA_ADSAH H_G@DB\HKB@DA[ CA _AXQB[BS@[ FBS@[HDB-SH_B@[. _asìukbûd NGK D½ ;3/=? ’Astèdchr _ânbgadca kartbkhkbûd y varbkhkbûd ad pudt`s ca fr`dtarhs ca@rbnad /Castbd`‗.

Hcagès ca tadar ad kuadth ihs axbnadkbhs cai gar-khc` k`gprhc`r ad kuhdt` hi k`dtrì ca khibchc ytadbadc` ad kuadth qua duastr` prbdkbphi garkhc` as

ai hrnadtbd`, p`cag`s cakbr qua ihs axbnadkbhs ca ihkartbkhkbûd ad Ouadhs ]rèktbkhs Hnrçkìhs qua astèbgpiagadthdc` ai phçs vakbd` k`g` raqubsbt` puaca

Fuadta< HKCB/V@KH sòra cht`s ca ih Srhcaghp. D/C< D` cbsp`dboia.

Biustrhkbûd 8:< Axp`rthkb̀ das cai Gark`sur.

]hçsas?==6 ?==> ?==: ?==2 ?=8=

Vìugad(S`d)

GbiasQ[$

Vìugad(S`d)

GbiasQ[$

Vìugad(S`d)

GbiasQ[$

Vìugad(S`d)

GbiasQ[$

Vìugad(S`d)

GbiasQ[$

S ` g h t a

Hrnadtbdh 8.>2? ?3= ;;6 >: 1>2 83? 88.;:? ?.3>6 D/C D/COìbvbh = = = = = = = = = =Orhsbi 1; ?= 2.>2> ?.6>? ?.=8: 1?1 8.:2? 13? ;.168 8.=;:]hrhnuhy = = ;?1 1> = = = = = =Qrunuhy ; 8 8 8 = = = = = =Kjbia 6? 13 388 333 ?;: ??> ?88 ?3: :1> 682S̀ thi _anbûd 8.28= ;81 8=.:>= ;.?1? ?.:;1 :23 8;.3:1 ;.?66 3.38: 8.61>

] b g b a d t `

Orhsbi ?1: 12= ;6: 1?; 838 ;86 6= 8=6 >1 832Oìbvbh 8 ? = = = = 8 8 D/C D/CHrnadtbdh 83 81 86 88 ?> 36 3; ?; D/C D/CQrunuhy ?2 ?= = 8 = = 86 1 = 8]hrhnuhy = = = = = = = = = =Kjbia 8?1 8== 8;6 88= ;: 13 3? 6> :6 8;?

S̀ thi _anbûd 3?> >?> 1?= 631 ?=6 386 86? ?=? 868 ?:?

G a i û d

Hrnadtbdh 1=2 83?> 82= ;6? 62 813 13 :> D/C D/COìbvbh = = = = = = = = = =Qrunuhy = = 8 = = = 8; ?8 ? 8]hrhnuhy = = = = = = = = = =Kjbia 83? 21 ;1> ?;6 88: 8=6 ? 8 ; 8S̀ thi _anbûd 618 81?? 13: 12: 8:> ?6= 62 8=2 1 ?



nadarhr kbart` rbasn`. Âst` tadbadc` ad kuadth i`sk`st`s qua hkhrrahd a bgpibkhd cbkjh kartbkhkbûd.

?.>.? Bgp`rthkb`dasS`ghta< Ihs k`gprhs cai ?==2 s`d adkhoazhchs p`r]hrhnuhy k`d 82.>?3 S`d cai t`thi ca vìugad bg-p`rthc`, kbfrh qua raprasadth udh phrtbkbphkbûd cai:>,6%. Ia sbnua Hrnadtbdh k`d 8.661 S̀ d (>,;2%). Ast`sbndbkh qua ast`s c`s phçsas hcqubrbar`d ai 23,22%

ca t`c` ai t`ghta k`garkbhibzhc` ad ih ranbûd.

]bgbadt`.?.8 Bgp`rthkb`das ca J`rthibzhs yFruths cai ]hrhnuhy

S`ghta< Ihs bgp`rthkb`das ca duastr` phçs rapra-sadthd ud vìugad sbndbkhtbv`. Ih pr`cukkbûd i`khikuora phrta ca ih caghdch dhkb`dhi ad hinud`s gasascai hø`, sbd agohrn` tadag`s gasas kuhdc` prèktb-khgadta d` axbsta. Curhdta ai parç`c` ?==6/?=8=, aidbvai ca bgp`rthkb`das jh sbc` sughgadta uktuhdtatadbadc` su pbk` ad ai ?==6 kuhdc` sa bgp`rthr`d?=.6?; S`d ca t`ghta. R ai gad`r vìugad bgp`rth-c` fua ad ?==: kuhdc` sa k`gprhr`d 1.362 S`d

]bgbadt`< Ih pr`cukkbûd i`khi kuora ih caghdch

dhkb`dhi ad hinud`s gasas ca hø`, sbd agohrn` asguy asthkb`dhi y axbstad bdtarvhi`s kuhdc` prèktbkh-gadta d` axbsta. Ad ai parç`c` ?==6/?=8=, ai dbvaica bgp`rthkb`das jh sbc` asthoia, ghdtadbadc`sa adhiracac`r ca 6-> gbi t`daihchs. Ai ghy`r vìugad bg-p`rthc` fua ad ?==> k`d >.?22 S̀ d, y ai gad`r fua adhø` ?=8= kuhdc` sa bgp`rthr`d ;.>82 S`d.

Gaiûd< Ih pr`cukkbûd i`khi d` kuora ih caghdchdhkb`dhi ad vhrb`s gasas cai hø`. Ih `farth as guyasthkb`dhi y jhy g`gadt`s ad qua d` sa adkuadtrhdgai`das phrhnuhy`s. Curhdta ai parç`c` ?==6/?=8=,

ai dbvai ca bgp`rthkb`das jh sbc` krakbadta par` uk-tuhdta, tadbadc` ai pbk` ad ai ?==2 kuhdc` sa bgp`r-thr`d 8:3 S`d ca gai`das. Ai gad`r vìugad bgp`r-thc` fua ad ai hø` ?==> k`d 3? S`d.

Fuadta< HKCB/V@KH sòra cht`s ca ih Srhcaghp. D/C< D` cbsp`dboia.

Biustrhkbûd 82 Bgp`rthkb̀ das cai Gark`sur.

]hçsas?==6 ?==> ?==: ?==2 ?=8=

Vìugad(S`d)

GbiasQ[$

Vìugad(S`d)

GbiasQ[$

Vìugad(S`d)

GbiasQ[$

Vìugad(S`d)

GbiasQ[$

Vìugad(S`d)

GbiasQ[$

S ` g h t a

]hrhnuhy ?=.6?; 8.=38 88.8;? 8.163 1.362 :18 82.>?3 ;.6;= 83.2?? ?.:;6Oìbvbh 36> 3> 1;; 12 ?=3 ;1 ;6: ;; D/C D/CHrnadtbdh ?; 8; :.33? ?.6?6 ?.81; 6>1 8.661 123 D/C D/COrhsbi ?; 8= = = ?8 1 361 ;:2 883 8;2Qrunuhy 8 ? 8.>>3 16> 3> ;= ?6: 86: 6:8 ;>1Kjbia = 8 8 ? 1 ?? 86 1: ;8S̀ thi _anb`d ?8.8;> 8.88; ?8.::? 3.:8> >.:26 8.6=8 ??.18? 3.:;= 81.>>1 ;.;:8

] b g b a d t `

]hrhnuhy 1.2=1 ?;: >.?22 361 6.2>6 323 6.?21 >8= ;.>82 8.811Hrnadtbdh 881 :: ?=; 8?2 ;3 ;2 13 >= D/C D/CQrunuhy = = >2 ;: ? 3 8 8 ?: ?2Orhsbi ?2 ?= = = = = = = 38 ;3Oìbvbh = = = = 82 ? = = D/C D/CKjbia = = 8 8 8 8 ;? 1= ?> 2

S̀ thi _anb`d 6.=32 ;36 >.1:? 6;; >.=;? 13= 6.;:? :;8 ;.:81 8.??>

G a i û d

Hrnadtbdh 8=> ;6 ;:= 8?? ;8= 88? ;1; 813 D/C D/C]hrhnuhy >? 8? 3? 8? 881 ?= 8:3 ;: 88= ;8Qrunuhy ?8= 12 ?=: 62 8:: 8?8 8>? 8?3 := 11Orhsbi = = = = 1> ?1 12 ;; ?: :3Oìbvbh = = = = ?8 ; = = D/C D/CKjbia = ;2 ;= 6? ;: 8;2 83= ??: 22S̀ thi _anb`d ;:2 8=> 662 ?;; >1; ;82 2=> 3:2 336 ?62


26/60BDBKBHSBVH \@DH D@_SA?6

?.>.; K`gphrhkbûd phrtbkbphtbvh sanüd`rbnad ca pr`cukt`sAi prbdkbphi iunhr ca k`garkbhibzhkbûd ca ihs j`rth-ibzhs y fruths ad ai phçs as ai Garkhc` Kadtrhi caHohst` ca Hsudkbûd.

Ad ih biustrhkbûd ?= sa puaca vbsuhibzhr ih phrtbkbph-kbûd p`rkadtuhi ca i`s ruor`s ca astucb`, i`s kuhiastbadad udh k`dtrhphrtbch ca bdnras`s ca pr`cukt`sca `rbnad axtrhdlar` (orhsbiar` y hrnadtbd`).

Ih phrtbkbphkbûd p`rkadtuhi pr`gacb` p`rkadtuhi caih pr`cukkbûd phrhnuhyh fradta h ih axtrhdlarh as guyvhrbhoia phrh khch ruor .̀

]hrh ai t`ghta ih raihkbûd as ca 6=/3=, phrh ai pb-gbadt` as ca ;=/>= y phrh ai zhphii` as ca :=/?=. Aigaiûd as prèktbkhgadta k`dsugbc` t`thigadta ad aigarkhc` dhkb`dhi, g`strhdc` udh raihkbûd ca 22/8.

?.: K`dsug` ca J`rthibzhs y Fru-ths ad i`s ]hçsas cai Gark`sur

Ai k`dsug` hphradta ca ihs j`rthibzhs y fruths adastucb` cai ?==6 hi ?==2 ad i`s cbstbdt`s phçsas caiGark`sur, ca hkuarc` h FH@ fuar`d ihs sbnubadtas<

S`ghta%), Qrunuhy(6,61%), ]hrhnuhy (;,2>%) y Oìbvbh (8,6>%).

Gaiûd< D` tadag`s cht`s cai k`dsug` ad Oìbvbh,

Fuadta< HKCB/V@KH sòra cht`s ca CK/[BGH

Dhkb`dhi Axtrhdlar`

8==%2=%

:=%>=%6=%1=%3=%;=%?=%8=%=%

Biustrhkbûd ?=< Bdnras` ca ]r`cukt`sad CHGH (?==1/?=8=)

] b g b a d

t `

\ h p h i i `

S ̀ g h

t a

G a i û d

Ai prbdkbphi iunhr ca

k`garkbhibzhkbûd ca ihs

j`rthibzhs y fruths ad

ai phçs as ai Garkhc`

Kadtrhi ca Hohst` ca

Hsudkbûd.


Biustrhkbûd ?8< K`dsug` Hphradta ad aiGark`sur (S`d)

]hçs ?==6 ?==> ?==:

S

` g h t a

Hrnadtbdh 66:.?;8 6::.8=6 6:8.1>3

Oìbvbh 8?6.6:? 8?3.:68 8??.:28

Orhsbi ;.;6?.6?1 ;.3?8.3;; ;.:61.61:

Kjbia 8.?32.2;: 8.?62.12= 8.?62.>63

]hrhnuhy 8=:.62; 22.;=> 31.>?;Qrunuhy 36.=22 3;.?>? ?:.118

_anbûd 1.16?.?6: 1.636.162 6.=83.868

] b g b a d t `

Hrnadtbdh 8?6.8=8 8?>.8:> 8?>.==>

Oìbvbh ;.??: ;.;=6 ;.3=:

Orhsbi D/C D/C D/C

Kjbia 3?.;>1 36.:61 18.26;

]hrhnuhy 81.?;= 86.>22 :.=2:

Qrunuhy 83.83: 8;.23= 8;.1>;

_anbûd ?=8.=:? ?=:.=2> ?=3.=32

G a i û d

Hrnadtbdh >6.6:= :1.=8: :1.816

Oìbvbh D/C D/C D/C

Orhsbi ;?>.?8? ?2=.:?8 8?:.>;8

Kjbia 3>.2=1 31.:=; 31.216

]hrhnuhy ?:.21? ?2.=3? >.=:1

Qrunuhy ;.>?1 ?.233 ;.33>

_anbûd 3:3.3>3 31;.6?: ?>=.;>1

caobc` h ih fhith ca bdf`rghkbûd sòra pr`cukkbûd cagai`das ad asa phçs. Ai phçs c`dca axbsta ai ghy`rk`dsug` hduhi as Orhsbi k`d 3>,68% cai vìugad ra-

nb`dhi ca ?==:. Ad sanudc` iunhr sa p`sbkb`dû Hrnad-tbdh k`d ai ;8,1%. H âst`s phçsas ia sbnuad Kjbia (8>%),]hrhnuhy (?,6?%) y p`r üitbg` Qrunuhy (8,?>%).


27/60J@_SHIB\H[ R F_QSH[ HDÈIB[B[ CA IH KHCADH CA VHI@_ ?>

?.2 ]rakb`s ca J`rthibzhs y Fruthsad ai Gark`sur Capadcbadc` cai phçs, su karkhdçh hi garkhc` y `trhsk`dcbkb`das k`garkbhias, i`s prakb`s phnhc`s hi pr`cuk-

t`r p`r ihs j`rthibzhs y fruths, vhrçhd sbndbkhtbvhgadtaadtra khch phçs. [anüd cht`s ca FH@, ad i`s phçsas caiGark`sur, phrh ai parç`c` ?==1/?==: i`s gbsg`s sapuacad var ad ih biustrhkbûd ??.

S`ghta< I`s prakb`s pr`gacb` p`r t`daihch phrhai parç`c` `skbihr`d adtra Q[$ 8:2,2 (Oìbvbh) y Q[$286,3 (Qrunuhy). Ai sanudc` iunhr i` `kuph Orhsbi (Q[$363,8/S`d), sanubc` p`r ]hrhnuhy (Q[$ 312,:/S`d).

]bgbadt`/S`d) yKjbia (Q[$ ?2>,2S`d).

Gaiûd< [òra i`s prakb`s p`r t`daihch phnhc`s h i`spr`cukt`ras ad Oìbvbh d` tadag`s cht`s, par` adi`s cagès phçsas `skbihr`d adtra Q[$ 8?1,1 (Orhsbi)y Q[$ 6;8,6 (Hrnadtbdh). Ia sbnuad Qrunuhy (Q[$136,>/S`d) y Kjbia (Q[$ 83=,1S`d).

Ad ai parç`c` ?==1/?==:, ai pr`cukt`r phrhnuhy`rakbobû ad pr`gacb` Q[$ 68:,3/S`d.


Biustrhkbûd ??< ]rakb`s ]hnhc`s hi ]r`cukt`r ad i`s]hçsas cai Gark`sur (Q[$/S`d)

]hçsas ?==1 ?==6 ?==> ?==: ]r`gacb`

S ` g h t a

Hrnadtbdh ?:?,: ?2>,= 3;:,> ?33,; ;81,>

Oìbvbh 86;,6 8>=,8 8>2,; ?36,> 8:2,2

Orhsbi ;:1,: ;:2,? 1==,; 1:8,? 363,8

Kjbia ?::,? ;6>,: 3;6,1 33=,6 ;:;,;

]hrhnuhy ?6;,6 3=:,2 322,> 66>,8 312,:

Qrunuhy 613,: 638,: 8.;81,3 8.=1;,6 286,3

] b g b a d t `

Hrnadtbdh ;?>,2 ;>2,8 1:2,; 3;>,; 3;;,3

Kjbia 16;,? 332,3 1:>,: 3::,8 1??,8]hrhnuhy ;68,8 16=,8 621,= :1>,1 68:,3

Qrunuhy >??,2 >=1,2 8.3>?,8 8.=63,6 228,3

G a i û d

Hrnadtbdh 1?1,1 161,? 6>=,6 >61,? 6;8,6

Orhsbi 886,1 8;1,1 86=,= 2=,= 8?1,1

Kjbia 8=>,3 8;2,8 8;;,= 8:?,3 83=,1

]hrhnuhy 21,2 886,6 8;>,; 862,1 8?2,:

Qrunuhy ;>;,= 32>,8 66;,6 61;,? 136,>

\ h p

h i i `

Hrnadtbdh ?;2,= ?1>,8 ;=;,1 82>,8 ?32,?

Oìbvbh ;>>,= ;>3,3 3=8,; 3:6,8 3=2,>

Kjbia ;?3,1 ?32,: ;6;,= ?13,8 ?2>,2Qrunuhy ;3:,: ?68,> >6=,3 3>1,= 368,1



28/60BDBKBHSBVH \@DH D@_SA?:

?.2.8 ]rakb`s ca ihs J`rthibzhs y Fruths adGarkhc` I`khi?.2.8.8 ]rakb` ca ihs J`rthibzhs y FruthsDhkb`dhias[anüd cht`s ca ih Cbrakkbûd ca K`garkbhibzhkbûd cai

GHN, i`s prakb`s ad ai garkhc` i`khi ca ih pr`cuk-kbûd dhkb`dhi ca ihs j`rthibzhs y fruths ad astucb`, phrhai parç`c` ?==1/?=8=, sa caskrboad sanubchgadta<

S`ghta k`d ;.11? nuhrhdças p`rfruth, y ai gès ohl` ad ?==6 h Ns. ?.;88 p`r fruth.

Biustrhkbûd ?;< ]rakb` ]r`gacb` ca S̀ ghta [hdthkruzDhkb`dhi ad ai Garkhc` ca Hsudkbûd (Ns/En)Hø`s Ada Fao Ghr Hor Ghy Lud Lui Hn`s [at @kt D`v Cbk ]r`g.

?==1 8.33= 8.1>> ?.=12 8.::= 8.:1= 8.18= 8.;1? 8.;1= 8.682 8.36; ?.=82 8.3?8 8.6?:

?==6 8.1=> 8.31: ?.??> ?.=18 ?.;?2 8.31; 8.;=3 8.83> 8.236 ?.=;= ?.:>1 ;.1=: 8.2:6

?==> ?.828 ?.?1; ?.368 ?.3>? ?.3=3 ?.=36 ?.=;: ?.;28 ?.?;; ?.>;= >?> 8.331 ?.886

?==: ?.?=1 ?.;6? ?.>:= ;.8;2 8.:31 ;.8:; ;.=:2 ?.3?1 8.1=3 236 8.=;> ?.=:? ?.?86

?==2 8.28? 8.2=> ?.8;; ?.=3= ?.383 ?.?6; 8.:6= ?.628 ?.:=; ;.6== ?.61? ;.8;> ?.318

?=8= ?.?;1 ?.>;8 ?.6?= 3.?82 ;.;>= ?.328 ?.??6 ?.=6; 8.?88 ;.613 ?.?23 ?.33? ?.6;=

Fuadta< HKCB/V@KH s`ora cht`s CK / GHN.

Fuadta< HKCB/V@KH s`ora cht`s ca ih CK / GHN.

Hø`s Ada Fao Ghr Hor Ghy Lud Lui Hn` [at @kt D`v Cbk ]r`g?==1 8.36> 8.223 ?.=;1 ?.?6; 8.3=1 8.6?3 ?.==1 ?.??6 8.>1? 8.;21 8.:1= ?.:?3 8.2=;

?==6 ;.82= ?.:>= ?.=?1 8.>23 ?.88= 8.:2> 8.;2> 8.1>3 8.6>1 8.3?; 8.66? ?.>8> ?.=?:

?==> ?.32; ;.;== ?.>68 3.=66 ;.1:3 ;.>:3 ?.;28 ?.>:8 ?.:== ?.66? 8.6>; 8.2== ?.:1=

?==: 8.213 ?.;;? ?.66: ?.>8: ?.2>2 ;.812 ?.>2; ?.31; ?.;>6 ?.=?: 8.>86 ;.1>2 ?.16;

?==2 ?.:3? ?.;38 ?.388 ?.2?8 ?.1>2 ?.23? ;.6>8 ;.;>: ?.>1= ?.282 ;.22= 3.8:3 ;.=>>

?=8= ?.68; 3.?23 3.86> 3.2:2 3.1?2 ;.:;; ?.>1= ?.;11 ?.;>1 ?.;?3 ?.;68 ?.?16 ;.?;>

Biustrhkbûd ?3< ]rakb` ]r`gacb` ca ]bgbadt` VarcaDhkb`dhi ad ai Garkhc` ca Hsudkbûd (Ns/En)



Biustrhkbûd ?1< ]rakb` ]r`gacb` ca \hphii` Dhkb`dhi ad aiGarkhc` ca Hsudkbûd (Ns/En)Hø` Ada Fao Ghr Hor Ghy Lud Lui Hn` [at @kt D`v Cbk ]r`g

?==1 18: 1?2 1;3 8.=1; 12= 331 ;>2 3?? 361 1>= 328 3;8 1;6

?==6 18; 8.368 8.366 12> 3=3 ;:6 ;:8 - >2= 18: 68> 1:6 >=?

?==> >;: 1:= 3>2 16> 2;; 8.;;; 8.3?6 ?.?;; 8.>;8 8.2:8 >?= 313 8.=2:

?==: 3=? 3>2 63? 26= 262 6;: >66 6;: 1:; ?.=2: 1:1 >3; >2?

?==2 8.61; 8.:62 26? 663 6?1 122 63; 22? 8.>6; 8.=3? 6?1 133 22:?=8= >82 8.=6; 8.:=: 6;: 6;2 >;? 123 6?1 661 8.>3; 8.823 622 2?6


Biustrhkbûd ?6 ]rakb` ]r`gacb` ca Gaiûd K`güdDhkb`dhi ad ai Garkhc` ca Hsudkbûd (Ns/Fruth).Hø` Ada Fao Ghr Hor Ghy Lud Lui Hn` [at @kt D`v Cbk ]r`g

?==6 ?.?61 ?.33? ?.8>> 8.28> - - - - ?==: ?.2>2 ?.;;= ?.;>; ?.;88

?==> ?.3;1 ?.16> ;.3;; 3.63; - - - - - ;.388 3.??1 3.83: ;.11?

?==: 8.3?2 ?.83? - - - - - - ;.=== ?.;?6 ?.;=; ?.6;? ?.;=1

?==2 ?.3?8 ?.2== ?.>1= - - - - - - ;.1:? 3.3>6 3.31= ;.3;=

?=8= ;.=23 ?.::2 ;.=21 ;.;:1 - - - - ;.86> ?.262 ?.:68 ;.1== ;.8?=

Fuadta< HKCB/V@KH s`ora cht`s ca ih Cbrakkbûd ca K`garkbhibzhkbûd / GHN.

Ai prakb` pr`gacb` cai gaiûd dhkb`dhi phrh ai ?=8= fua ca ;.8?= Ns/Fruth.

F`t`nrhfçh< www.sxk.ju


30/60BDBKBHSBVH \@DH D@_SA;=

?.2.8.? ]rakb` ca ihs J`rthibzhs y Fruthsca @rbnad Orhsbiar`I`s prakb`s ad ai garkhc` i`khi ca ihs j`rthibzhs yfruths ad astucb`, par` ca `rbnad orhsbiar`, sa caskrb-oa sanubchgadta<

S`ghta quaih `farth as s`stadbch curhdta vhrb`s gasas cai hø`,hudqua ad i`s üitbg`s hø`s astè cbsgbduyadc` ih ad-trhch ca t`ghta ca `rbnad orhsbiar`. Jhkbadc` udh

Biustrhkbûd ?>< ]rakb` ]r`gacb` cai S̀ ghta [hdthkruzOrhsbiar` ad ai Garkhc` ca Hsudkbûd (Ns/En)Hø`s Ada Fao Ghr Hor Ghy Lud Lui Hn` [at @kt D`v Cbk ]r`g

?==1 ?.?18 8.2:> 8.:>1 8.2>6 8.6;: 8.326 8.?=6 8.;=> 8.3?6 8.>36 ?.=:; 8.1== 8.>=:

?==6 8.>1> 8.3?: 8.:;; 8.233 8.::> 8.?:? 8.812 8.8== - - - ?.>1= >2>

?==> ;.;>1 ?.;;: - - ?.6== ?.;8; ?.8>? ;.8;3 ?.;36 3.2;= - - ?.2=8

?==: - ?.3:8 ?.::; ;.=;2 8.22= ;.?;? ;.2;: - - - - - ?.2?>

?==2 - ?.;>1 ?.3:3 ?.??? - - - ;.=== ;.>2= 1.=;6 - - ;.818

?=8= 3.=== - ?.1== - ;.211 - - ?.1== - - - - ;.?;2



Hø`s Ada Fao Ghr Hor Ghy Lud Lui Hn` [at @kt D`v Cbk ]r`g

?==1 ?.?82 ?.3== ;.?81 ?.:>? ?.=== ?.888 ?.6=1 ?.13; 8.233 ?.313 ?.6:3 ;.81= ?.186

?==6 ;.8>8 ?.1:3 ?.61: 8.>;= ?.?8= ?.;26 8.636 8.628 8.231 8.12> ?.8:? ?.:36 ?.??8

?==> ?.18= ;.??1 ;.?3> ;.221 ;.388 ;.:2: ?.>?> ?.18? ;.;2: ?.>8: ?.??3 ?.868 ;.==?

?==: ?.81? 8.:;= ?.?66 6.;62 ?.::= ;.??> ?.:8; ?.3;1 ?.;:3 ?.=62 8.>>> ;.:=3 ?.:;3

?==2 ?.:32 ?.;1; ?.;?6 ;.;;= ;.832 ;.1;6 ;.:1= ;.1;1 ;.122 ;.2=> - 1.?=3 ;.3??

?=8= ;.>1= 1.8:3 3.>:; 1.?:1 3.332 3.>=6 ;.8=2 ?.6;; ?.>68 ;.==> ;.=6? ;.:;> ;.::=

Biustrhkbûd ?:< ]rakb` ]r`gacb` cai ]bgbadt` VarcaOrhsbiar` ad ai Garkhc` ca Hsudkbûd (Ns/En)

Ad i`s üitbg`s hø`s, ai zhphii` orhsbiar` suparû ad pr`gacb` i`s ?.;== Ns/En ad ai Garkhc`ca Hohst` ca Hsudkbûd, hudqua d` jhy ranbstr`s ad Hcuhdhs ca ih bgp`rthkbûd.

k`gphrhkbûd, ad ai gbsg` parç`c` ca tbagp`, ad-k`dtrhg`s qua ad ai hø` ?=8= ai t`ghta shdth kruzorhsbiar` rakboa ud prakb` pr`gacb` ca ;.?;2 Ns/En, gbadtrhs qua ai dhkb`dhi ?.6;= Ns/En. Asths kbfrhscaguastrhd udh cbfaradkbhkbûd 8:,:% cai t`ghta bg-p`rthc` s`ora ai prakb` cai pr`cukt` i`khi.

]bgbadt`


31/60J@_SHIB\H[ R F_QSH[ HDÈIB[B[ CA IH KHCADH CA VHI@_ ;8

Biustrhkbûd ?2< ]rakb` ]r`gacb` cai Gaiûd K`güdOrhsbiar` ad ai Garkhc` ca Hsudkbûd (Ns/En)


?==6 ;.>82 ;.28? ;.2;; 3.=?= 3.8?> 3.=:; 3.;6: 3.3== 3.8=1 ;.63; ;.6=3 ;.:1? ;.2:8?==> 3.=3: 3.=33 3.;;; 1.86> 3.=:; 3.3== 3.=>> 3.;:8 3.??: 3.=81 1.::? 6.??? 3.1>;

?==: 1.63; 1.2;: >.=== >.?>; >.3>1 >.:== :.3;1 6.2>3 6.86> 1.31> 1.1?2 1.33> 6.121

?==2 1.116 1.3;: 1.11; 1.1== 1.1== 1.;3? 1.1== 6.83> >.68: >.3=1 6.1>8 6.;>1 6.=3?

?=8= 6.6== 6.6:: 6.6;2 6.>:8 >.?;1 :.86> :.888 >.3?8 >.?88 >.;>1 6.233 >.36> >.??=




?==1 8.;;: 8.6=6 8.:>> 8.2=; 8.>;3 8.6:= 8.1;: 8.3:8 8.32= ?.3;: - - 8.>=2

?==6 - - ?.1== 8.62= 8.>>> 8.3=: 8.16= - ?.8:: 8.26? 8.>== 8.>1; 8.:;:

?==> 8.:?; 8.:=2 8.683 8.>6= ?.3=> ;.=:: ;.==6 ;.=26 ;.==6 ;.821 ;.;68 ?.162 ?.168

?==: ?.;1> ?.862 8.2>? ?.=88 8.2;= 8.>>6 8.:?8 8.26: 8.:?8 1:? ?.?2? ?.=:; 8.:22

?==2 ?.688 ?.1?: ?.33> ?.;3? ?.8?6 8.2=: 8.:>1 ?.8:8 ?.;=; ;.=61 ?.13= ?.;=1 ?.;1;

?=8= 8.:?> 8.21= 8.>3; 8.>:2 8.>61 ?.18> ?.82: ?.2:2 ?.>=1 ;.8:: ?.233 ?.6== ?.;18

Biustrhkbûd ;=< ]rakb` ]r`gacb` cai \hphii` Orhsbiar` ad aiGarkhc` ca Hsudkbûd (Ns/En)

K`gphrhtbvhgadta, ai prakb` pr`gacb` hduhi phrh aihø` ?=8= guastrh qua ai pbgbadt` varca orhsbiar` as86,1>% gès khr` qua ai dhkb`dhi.

Gaiûd.??= Ns/En y ai dhkb`dhi;.8?= Ns/En, k`dsbnubadc` udh cbfaradkbhkbûd p`r-kadtuhi ca 8;8,3%.

\hphii`


32/60BDBKBHSBVH \@DH D@_SA;?

K`dtaxt`

Dhkb`dhi yCaphrthgadthiBBB



33/60J@_SHIB\H[ R F_QSH[ HDÈIB[B[ CA IH KHCADH CA VHI@_ ;;

;.8 Bgp`rthdkbh Ak`dûgbkh y [`kbhiAd i`s üitbg`s hø`s, ih pr`cukkbûd ca j`rthibzhs yfruths sa jh k`dvartbc` ad udh hitardhtbvh ca nada-rhkbûd ca gal`ras bdnras`s, cbvarsbkhdc` i`s ruor`sca radth ad ihs dkhs fhgbibhras cai hnrbkuit`r.

[a astbgh qua ih suparkba ca pr`cukkbûd, hsç k`gài k`d`kbgbadt` sòra ai kuitbv`, sa jh bdkragadthc`ca ghdarh bdtarashdta.

Asta krakbgbadt` jh sbc` bgpuishc` prbdkbphigadtap`r ihs k`dcbkb`das hnràkìûnbkhs fhv`rhoias phrh ihpr`cukkbûd ca ast`s ruor`s, k`g` hsç thgobâd p`rih caghdch ca i`s nrhdcas kadtr`s ca k`dsug`, adaspakbhi ai garkhc` ca nrhd Hsudkbûd y i`s garkhc`sranb`dhias karkhd`s.

Ih p`sbobibchc ca krakbgbadt` ca ih pr`cukkbûd phrhshtbsfhkar ai garkhc` i`khi as guy ouadh, par` tad-crçh qua bdk`rp`rhrsa ghs takdì`nçh h i`s sbstaghspr`cuktbv`s phrh qua ih `farth ca j`rthibzhs y fruthsd` sah thd asthkb`dhi.

Hcagès, astè ihtadta ai cashrrìi` cai garkhc` caaxp`rthkbûd, qua ad kbart` g`gadt` yh sa jh bd-tadthc` asthoiakar k`d ih pr`cukkbûd ca khihohkbths,par` qua jhsth ai g`gadt` d` sa jh p`cbc` hhdzhr

p`r cbvarshs kuastb`das ca trhohs d` hrhdkaihrbhs.

;.8.8 Ih ak`d`gçh ca ihs J`rthibzhs y FruthsI`s ruor`s hnrçkìhs gès bgp`rthdtas ad K`dkap-kbûd, sanüd ai KHD ?==:, s`d sâshg`, ohdhdh, ghçzy hin`cûd5 par` ai k`dludt` pr`cuktbv` ca t`ghta,

pbgbadt`, gaiûd y zhphii` `kupû h :;1 pr`cukt`rasad 382 Jhs kuitbvhchs ad ai hø` cai astucb`.

Ad K`dkapkbûd, ihs j`rthibzhs y fruths ad astucb`, p`ri` nadarhi, s`d kuitbvhchs p`r paquaø`s hnrbkuit`ras,

qua tbadad ud èrah pr`gacb` qua vh casca ai thghø`ca udh juarth jhsth h =,1 Jhs. ]hrh ast`s pr`cukt`-ras ai kuitbv` ca t`ghta, pbgbadt`, gaiûd y zhphii`raprasadth udh bgp`rthdta fuadta ca bdnras`s.

Hudqua s`d k`dthchs axkapkb`das, thgobâd axbstadpr`cukt`ras agprashrbhias qua tbadad kuitbv`s adèrahs gès nrhdcas y kuadthd k`d bdfrhastrukturh phrhrban` y ghiih gacbh s`gorh.

[anud ai KHD ?==:, ad K`dkapkbûd sa jhd cacbkhc`hi kuitbv` ca t`ghta 82; pr`cukt`ras ad 6= Jhs. I`s

cbstrbt`s ca K`dkapkbûd y J`rquath k`dkadtrhd ai>:% cai t`thi ca ih pr`cukkbûd.

Hi kuitbv` ca pbgbadt` sa cacbkhr`d 8=8 pr`cukt`-ras ad ;8 Jhs. Ai >:% cai t`thi ca ih pr`cukkbûd sak`dkadtrû ad i`s cbstrbt`s ca K`dkapkbûd y I`rat`.

Ad kuhdt` hi gaiûd ??6 pr`cukt`ras sa cacbkhr`d hikuitbv`. Ai >1% cai t`thi ca ih pr`cukkbûd cai ca-phrthgadt` ca K`dkapkbûd (2> Jhs) sa k`dkadtrûad i`s cbstrbt`s ca K`dkapkbûd, J`rquath y I`rat`.

Ai >:% cai kuitbv` ca i`s zhphii`s (zhphii ,̀ khihohzh yzhphiibt`) sa k`dkadtrû ad i`s cbstrbt`s ca K`dkap-kbûd y J`rquath. Asta ruor` `kupû h ;81 pr`cuk-t`ras ad udh axtadsbûd t`thi ca ?;8 Jhs.

Ih pr`cukkbûd ca

j`rthibzhs y fruths sajh k`dvartbc` ad udh

hitardhtbvh ca nadarhkbûd

ca gal`ras bdnras`s,

cbvarsbfkhdc` i`s ruor`s

ca radth cai hnrbkuit`r.


34/60BDBKBHSBVH \@DH D@_SA;3

;.8.? Hp`rta h ih Ohihdzh K`garkbhiIh ohihdzh k`garkbhi, pr`cukt` cai bdtarkhgob`ca ihs j`rthibzhs y fruths ad astucb` ad ai parç`c`?==6/?=8=, hrr`lû ud câkbt danhtbv` t`c`s i`s hø`s,k`g` sa puaca ̀ osarvhr ad ih biustrhkbûd ;8. Ai üdbk`hø` qua duastr` phçs iian` h axp`rthr fua ?==>.

Hudqua ai vìugad ca bgp`rthkbûd as uktuhdta, saghdtbada ad ud pr`gacb` ca ?=.=== t`daihchs hduh-ias. ]`r su phrta, ai vhi`r ca i`s pr`cukt`s bgp`rth-

c`s jh tadbc` udh tadcadkbh krakbadta hikhdzhdc` supbk` ad ai ?==2, k`d shic` danhtbv` ca Q[$ 3.;>:.===.

Ai pr`gacb` hduhi cai câkbt ca ih ohihdzh k`garkbhica ihs j`rthibzhs y fruths phrh ai parç`c` ?==6/?=8=as ca Q[$ ?.6=:.===. Casca ai pudt` ca vbsth ca bd-kbcadkbh cai ruor` ad ih radth ca ihs fhgbibhs khgpasb-dhs asth kbfrh k`dstbtuya ud g`dt` dhch casprakbhoia,hudqua phrazkh bdsbndbkhdta h dbvai niòhi.

Ast`s cht`s guastrhd ih bgp`rthdkbh ca ast`s ruor`sphrh ih ak`d`gçh phrhnuhyh, y d`s pargbtad bdfarbr

qua sa caoarçh asthr hpudthdc` h shtbsfhkar ih caghd-ch cai garkhc` i`khi, hdtas qua asthr padshdc` ad ihpr`cukkbûd phrh ai garkhc` axtard`.

;.8.; Nadarhkbûd ca Agpia`sQtbibzhdc` i`s cht`s cai KHD ?==: astbghg`s quaad ai caphrthgadt` ca K`dkapkbûd, hduhigadta yp`r jaktèrah, ai t`ghta puaca nadarhr gès ca ?== l`rdhias, ai pbgbadt` 86= l`rdhias, ai zhphii` y gaiûdgès ca ;= l`rdhias khch ud`.

K`dsbcarhdc` ih suparkba kuitbvhch ca t`ghta (6=

Jhs), pbgbadt` (;8 Jhs), gaiûd (2> Jhs) y zhphii`

(?;8 Jhs), ih pr`cukkbûd ca asths j`rthibzhs y fruthsad ai caphrthgadt` hp`rth hduhigadta hiracac`r ca?6.:== l`rdhias ad dkh cai pr`cukt`r.

Asths kbfrhs d` k`dsbcarhd i`s trhohl`s ca hkhrra`, ih-o`r qua k`rra p`r kuadth ca ih agprash k`gprhc`rh.Shgp`k` k`dthobibzhd ai agpia` ca i`s òrar`s quasa cacbkhd h ih kihsbkhkbûd y agphkhc` ca ihs fruths,db h i`s trhdsp`rtbsths, adtra `tr`s.

K`g` ai l`rdhi rurhi rahi phrh khch òrar` sa astbghad ;=.=== nuhrhdças p`r cçh, ih bdcustrbh ca ihs j`r-thibzhs y fruths nadarh hduhigadta ud`s :=3 gbii`dasca nuhrhdças h dbvai ca dkh.

;.8.3 Bgp`rthdkbh ad ih Hibgadthkbûd? y]hrtbkbphkbûd ad ih Khdhsth Fhgbibhr Ai k`dsug` cbhrb̀ ca pr`cukt`s vanathias, ad khdtbchcsukbadta y ad udh hibgadthkbûd obad aqubiborhch, hyu-ch h avbthr adfar

HORTALIZAS Y FRUTAS - Setiembre 2011 - USAID - MAG - PARAGUAY - PORTALGUARANI

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Transcript of HORTALIZAS Y FRUTAS - Setiembre 2011 - USAID - MAG - PARAGUAY - PORTALGUARANI