Ken Parsons Normas ISO

7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO

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Overview of design regulations for Overview of design regulations for thermal comfort thermal comfort – –reviews and highlightsreviews and highlights

of latest thermal comfort standardsof latest thermal comfort standards

Professor of Environmental Ergonomics

Human Thermal Environments Laboratory

Loughborough University



ISO Thermal Comfort SystemGeneral Methods

ISO 7730 PMV/PPD and DR.ISO 10551 Subjective methods

S ecial Po ulations

ISO 14415 - People with special requirements

Special environments

ISO 14505 Parts 1 to 3 - Vehicles

ISO 13732 Part 2 - Contact with surfaces of moderate

temperature



Thermal comfort Thermal comfort

ISO/ASHRAE ISO/ASHRAE

expresses satisfaction with the

thermal environment



Six Factors

• air temperature

• radiant temperature

• air velocit Human• humidity

• clothing

• activity

Response

MUST CONSIDER ALL SIX FACTORS



Thermal comfort Thermal comfort

BS EN ISO 7730 (2005)

Ergonomics of the thermal environment –

nalytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV

and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria



BS EN ISO 7730 BS EN ISO 7730 -- Scope Scope

Presents methods for predicting the general thermal sensation and

degree of discomfort (thermal dissatisfaction) of people exposed to

moderate thermal environments.

Environmental conditions considered acceptable for general thermal

comfort as well as those for local discomfort

Applicable to healthy men and women exposed to indoor

environments where thermal comfort is desirable

Ethnic, national or geographical differences need also to be takeninto account when considering non-conditioned spaces



Fanger (1970)Fanger (1970)

Conditions for thermal comfort

heat Balance

sweat rate for comfort

mean skin temperature for comfort

No local discomfort



Fanger (1970) Thermal comfort Fanger (1970) Thermal comfort

Predicted Mean Vote PMV

+3 hotAir temperature +2 warm

Relative Humidity 0 neutral

Air Velocity -1 slightly cool

Clothing -2 cool

Activity -3 cold



Predicted Mean Vote PMV

..an index that predicts the mean value of the

votes of a large group of persons on the following 7-

point thermal sensation scale.+3 hot

+1 slightly warm

0 neutral

-1 slightly cool

-2 cool

-3 cold



Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied PPD

..an index that predicts the percentage of

thermally dissatisfied people.

The percentage of a large group of people votinghot,warm,cool or cold on the following 7-point

.

+3 hot

+2 warm

+1 slightly warm0 neutral

-1 slightly cool

-2 cool

-3 cold



Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied

10

100

P P D

%

1

-2 -1 0 1 2

PMV

5%



PPD = 100PPD = 100 – – 95.exp(95.exp(--0.03353.PMV0.03353.PMV44 – – 0.2179. PMV0.2179. PMV22))



Predicted Distribution of sensation votes for givenPredicted Distribution of sensation votes for givenPMV valuesPMV values



Draught rating

Draught - unwanted local cooling of the

body caused by air movement

people dissatisfied due to draught.

DR = (34-ta)(v-0.05)0.62(0.37vTu+3.14)



Discomfort caused by vertical air temperature differencesDiscomfort caused by vertical air temperature differences

PD = 100/(1+exp(5.76PD = 100/(1+exp(5.76--0.856.0.856.∆∆tta,va,v))

For increasing upward temperatures. People less sensitive for downward temperaturesFor increasing upward temperatures. People less sensitive for downward temperatures



Discomfort caused by warm or cold floors for peopleDiscomfort caused by warm or cold floors for people

wearing light indoor shoeswearing light indoor shoes

PD = 100PD = 100 – – 94.exp(94.exp(--1.387 + 0.118.t1.387 + 0.118.tf f – – 0.0025.t0.0025.t

f f

22))



Discomfort caused by radiant temperature asymmetryDiscomfort caused by radiant temperature asymmetry



NonNon--steady state thermal environmentssteady state thermal environments

Temperature cyclesTemperature cycles -- < 1K peak to peak treat as steady state< 1K peak to peak treat as steady state

Temperature drifts or rampsTemperature drifts or ramps -- <2K per hour treat as steady state<2K per hour treat as steady state

TransientsTransients – – step change felt instantaneouslystep change felt instantaneously

Step upStep up – – use PMV immediately after changeuse PMV immediately after change

--

minutes to reach steady stateminutes to reach steady state

AdaptationAdaptation

Where people can control naturally conditioned spaces in warmWhere people can control naturally conditioned spaces in warm

climates, higher temperatures are acceptable, hence higher PMVclimates, higher temperatures are acceptable, hence higher PMV

values than those presented.values than those presented.



Three categories of thermal environment A, B, C.Three categories of thermal environment A, B, C.

Individual control …can ‘balance’ ..individual differences andIndividual control …can ‘balance’ ..individual differences and

reduce dissatisfactionreduce dissatisfaction



Three categories of thermal environment A, B, C for Three categories of thermal environment A, B, C for

vertical air temperature difference and floor temperaturevertical air temperature difference and floor temperature



Three categories of thermal environment A, B, C for Three categories of thermal environment A, B, C for radiant temperature asymmetryradiant temperature asymmetry



Design criteria for buildingsDesign criteria for buildings



Tables providing the thermal insulation values for clothing with a methodTables providing the thermal insulation values for clothing with a method

for determining dynamic insulation.for determining dynamic insulation.

Tables providing the thermal insulation of chairsTables providing the thermal insulation of chairs

Tables providing metabolic rate values for different activitiesTables providing metabolic rate values for different activities

Additional advice and information:

Computer programme listing provided in BASIC with examples of Computer programme listing provided in BASIC with examples of

inputs and outputs (also look up tables for PMV)inputs and outputs (also look up tables for PMV)

LongLong--term evaluation of buildings is provided based upon the length of term evaluation of buildings is provided based upon the length of time the building is outside of the specified range, based upon PMVtime the building is outside of the specified range, based upon PMV

limits or accumulated PPD values.limits or accumulated PPD values.



Increased air velocity can be used to offset warmth

(summer clothing and sedentary activity shown)



ISO 10551:Subjective scales

Perceptual – how do you feel now (e.g. hot) ?

Affective evaluation – how do you find it (e.g.comfortable) ?

Preference – How would you prefer to be (e.g.

warmer) ?Personal acceptability - Is the environment acceptable ?

Personal Tolerance – Is the environment tolerable ?



No Maximumtem eratures for

offices ?



ISO TR 13732 -pt 2

Contact with surfaces atmoderate temperature

Predicts thermal sensation and degree of

discomfort

Hands, feet and when seated on a floor

Simple heat transfer model and data from

human subjects.



ISO TS 14415: People with

special requirements

Thermal responses and needs

Sensory impairment

B h

Impaired sweat secretion

Impaired vasomotor control

Differences in metabolic rate

Disability, aged, pregnant and others



ISO 14405 parts 1 to 3

Thermal environment invehicles

Part 1 - Principles and methods

-

Equivalent temperature

Part 3 - Method of assessment using human

subjects



ISO TC 159 SC5 WG4 ‘integrated environments’

ISO DIS 28802ISO DIS 28802 Ergonomics of the Physical Environment - The

assessment of environments by means of an environmental survey

involving physical measurements of the environment and subjectiveresponses of people

A standardized environmental survey methodA standardized environmental survey method

Thermal, acoustic, visual and lit, air Thermal, acoustic, visual and lit, air quality, vibration and other , vibration and other

environments includedenvironments included



ISO TC 159 SC5 WG5 ‘People with special requirements’

People outside of the scope of current international standards (e.g.

older people, people with disabilities…)

ISO DIS 28803 ISO DIS 28803 Ergonomics of the Physical Environment – Application

o international standards or eo le with s ecial re uirements

Thermal, acoustic, visual and lit, air quality, vibration and other Thermal, acoustic, visual and lit, air quality, vibration and other

environments includedenvironments included

Ken Parsons Normas ISO

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