LA NORMATIVA DE AUTOPROTECCIÓN Y EL TÉCNICO COMPETENTE (RD393/2007)

7/22/2019 LA NORMATIVA DE AUTOPROTECCIN Y EL TCNICO COMPETENTE (RD393/2007)

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quk ids bj hdiùhm`d j trjvs `k cj as dshurj `k cjs tdrakitjs hdad uij sdcj ijhmi,

hdad ui sdcd pukocd."

(Prjùhhmi prdpmj)

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sklumr, pdrquk kitki`kads quk su edrajhmi ids hjpjhmtj pjrj cj rk`jhhmi

y jpcmhjhmi `k cds ccjaj`ds, ^cjiks Jutdprdtkhhmi.

Jc mlujc quk ki dtrjs Hdauim`j`ks Jutidajs `k Kspjj, cds Phimhds

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sk kstjockhki j trjvs `k cj edrajhmi aimaj ikhksjrmj pjrj skrhdism`krj`ds rkjcakitk "Phimhds Hdapktkitks".

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cj sklurm`j`, cj prdtkhhmi, cjs kakrlkihmjs y kc hditrdc `k rmkslds, puk`ki

skr hdism`krj`js jptjs pjrj kstk emi.

Jostrjht

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Js mi dtbkr Jutdidadus Hdaauimtmks de Xpjmi, tbk Hdapktkit Pkhbimhmji

rkekrrk` mi Jutdidamh Xkce ^rdtkhtmdi cklmscjtmdi ms kstjocmsbk` tbrdulb

amimaua uimvkrsmty trjmimil, ikhkssjry td ok hdism`krk` "Hdapktkit

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skhurmty, kakrlkihmks ji` rmsg hditrdc, hji ok hdism`krk` sumtjock edr tbms

purpdsk.


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sdads iukstrd prdpmd kikamld.

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su tdtjcm`j` pdr cj hdistjitk cjsmtu` y `ksimad `k qumkiks cj pdskki, y pdr

?Erjsk drmlmijrmj `kc hdak`mlrjed cjtmid Pmtd Ajhmd ^cjutd (?;0 j. H. - :20 j. H.) ki sudorjJsmijrmj, `di`k kc tkxtd kxjhtd `mhk6 "Cupus kst bdad bdamim, idi bdad, quda qujcms

smt idi idvmt." (Cdod ks kc bdaork pjrj kc bdaork, y id bdaork, huji`d `kshdidhk qumi ks

kc dtrd).


18/301


^lmij :< `k 8>: Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz

cj `ksm`mj y iklcmlkihmj `k qumkiks tmkiki cj rkspdisjomcm`j` `k hdapjrtmrcj

hdi kc rkstd `k cj buajim`j` y sk rksmliji.

Ids jutd-hdivkihkads y kshu`jads hdi jrluakitds khdiamhds, smi`jrids hukitj quk ki rkjcm`j` edrfjads uij mivkrsmi quk sk japjrj ki

jicmsms rmlurdsds quk rksukcvki cj ktkrij ù`j quk td`d skr buajid sk

pcjitkj ki auhbds adakitds `k su vm`j7 kstdy sklurd4 J cj quk bjorj

quk jj`mr7 y j qu prkhmd4

ûk`k quk iukstrds vjcdrks vkilji maprksds ki iukstrd J@I, d quk

skjads kc prdùhtd `k ui hrkj`dr, cd quk id hjok ù`j ks quk tkikads cj

hjpjhm`j` `k pkisjr y dorjr pdr idsdtrds amsads, quk iukstrds dofktmvds

osmhds kshdi`ki uij prmdrm`j`, ki sdck`j` d ki smitdij hdi kc rkstd, y ksj

prmdrm`j` id ks dtrj quk jchjizjr cj ekcmhm`j`. ] kvmtjr quk skj uij utdpj,

hdamkizj pdr jsklurjrids `k quk bjy ui kitdrid sklurd quk ids prdtklk,

ui hjamid quk ids luj y cj ek suemhmkitk pjrj hdisklumrcj.

Xkr puks cj Jutdprdtkhhmi kc kckakitd quk kqumcmork ksj ojcjizj, quk

oushj mihjisjockakitk cj axmaj sklurm`j` y cmokrtj`, smi `jrids hukitjquk sdads idsdtrds amsads qumkiks prdvdhjads su axmaj juskihmj.


19/301



Mitrd`uhhmi

Iukstrj kvdcuhmi hdad skrks buajids ids bj pkramtm`d hdidhkr y kstu`mjr

hmkrtjs pkrspkhtmvjs quk edraji pjrtk `k cj sklurm`j`, hdad sdi7 cj

vucikrjomcm`j`, kc rmksld, kc pkcmlrd y cjs jakijzjs. Pd`js kccjs jcmakitj`js

pdr iukstrd jibkcd `kc hdidhmamkitd euturd y vjtmhmimd `k cds `jds

vkim`krds, ojsi`dids ki mistruakitds `k prkvmsmi y rkjhhmi, smki`d cj

bkrrjamkitj as usj`j, cj kstj`stmhj, quk ids pkramtk doskrvjr tki`kihmjs

k mitkrprktjr `jtds rkhdpmcj`ds quk hdiedraki tkdrjs kaprmhjs. Ki kstk

skitm`d cj Pkdrj `k Ojyks8ks ui tmpd `k miekrkihmj kstj`stmhj ki `di`k cjs

kvm`kihmjs u doskrvjhmdiks sk kapckji pjrj jhtujcmzjr d miekrmr cj

prdojomcm`j` `k quk uij bmptksms puk`j skr hmkrtj d id. Cd quk ki tramids

lkikrjcks, pkramtk vmihucjr cj prdojomcm`j` `k ui suhksd J `j`d kc suhksd O

hdi cj prdojomcm`j` `kc suhksd O `j`d kc suhksd J. Ks `khmr, quk jitk kc

hdidhmamkitd `k uij jakijzj, pukstd quk sk sjok kc pkcmlrd quk stj

hdicckvj, sk pd`rj dotkikr cj prdojomcm`j` `k ajtkrmjcmzjrsk ksk pkcmlrd,

skli cjs vkhks quk sk bj ajimekstj`d ki dhjsmdiks jitkrmdrks, cd quk ids

pkramtk dotkikr hdad rksuctj`d kc rmksld `k prd`uhmrsk ksk kvkitd y pdrtjitd `k cds `jds quk ks hjpjz `k lkikrjr.

Kstk kfkapcd aukstrj cj jctj rkckvjihmj `kc tkdrkaj ki hukstmi pjrj cj

hmkihmj ki td`js sus rjajs, y ki kspkhmjc ki cd hdihkrimkitk jc Jicmsms `k

_mkslds y su jpcmhjhmi j cj Xklurm`j` y cjs Kakrlkihmjs, pukstd quk tmkik

uij vmihucjhmi itmaj hdi cj hdaprkismi `k cj prdojomcm`j` `k jspkhtds

hjusjcks `j`ds cds kekhtds doskrvj`ds.

Id pjrkhkrj `kshjokccj`d pkisjr quk sm kc bjaork id ks hdiskhukihmj `k

cj ejctj `k jcmakitds smid `k `ksmlujc`j`ks ki cds akhjimsads `k su

`mstrmouhmi, tjapdhd cj misklurm`j` skrj hdiskhukihmj `k jhtds `kcmhtmvds

8Cj miekrkihmj ojyksmjij. Pbdajs Ojyks (Cdi`rks, :


20/301


^lmij := `k 8>: Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz

smid as omki `k cj juskihmj y `kshddr`mijhmi `k cjs rkspukstjs jitk

smtujhmdiks quk pdilji ki pkcmlrd iukstrj mitklrm`j` esmhj y psqumhj,

j`kas `k iukstrds prdpmds omkiks0.

Xmlumki`d kstk Kiedquk `k cjs Hjpjhm`j`ks;-5y su rkcjhmi `mrkhtj hdi cds

`krkhbds `k td`d skr buajid ki tramids pdtkihmjcks, cj prdtkhhmi `k cj

hmu`j`jij smkaprk bj rkhj`d ki cds pd`krks pocmhds, ki su docmljhmi pdr

ljrjitmzjr kc `krkhbd j cj vm`j y cj mitklrm`j` esmhj quk kstjockhk iukstrj

Hdistmtuhmi Kspjdcj (HK), cd quk pcjitkj id scd cj edraj ki cj quk cds

hmu`j`jids jchjihki cj axmaj prdtkhhmi j trjvs `k cjs Jàmimstrjhmdiks

ôcmhjs, smid quk sk bj `k prdhurjr cj j`dphmi `k ak`m`js `kstmij`js j cj

prkvkihmi y kc hditrdc `k cds rmkslds `ks`k su drmlki, js hdad cj jhtujhmi

mimhmjc ki cjs smtujhmdiks `k kakrlkihmj quk pu`mkrji prkskitjrsk

(prkvmsmi), ki ui mitkitd pdr `kadstrjr quk kstjs hjpjhm`j`ks buajijs

`koki kstjr rkspjc`j`js pdr cj docmljhmi `k td`j jàmimstrjhmi pocmhj `k

jsklurjr su cdlrd.

Kstj m`kj ks kc ihckd hkitrjc y cj rjzi `k skr `kc hdihkptd `k

Jutdprdtkhhmi, hdmihm`kitk hdi cj tkdrj `k cj Xklurm`j` Buajij>, HM^-Khdsdhmjc/Mhjrmj (?>>;7kt jc)


21/301


Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz ^lmij ?> `k 8>:

j`dptjr hdi dofktd `k ljrjitmzjr cj prdtkhhmi `k cds hmu`j`jids sus omkiks

y kc prdpmd ak`md jaomkitk, smki`d kstjs jhhmdiks cjs quk hdistmtuyki bdy

pdr bdy cds mistruakitds osmhds quk ids pkramtmri jpcmhjr ui hjaomd `k

akitjcm`j` mistmtuhmdijc quk `jr rkspukstj j kstjs `kaji`js ki td`d cdrkcjhmdij`d hdi cj sklurm`j` y cjs kakrlkihmjs `kitrd `k iukstrj

Hdauim`j` Jutidaj `k Hjijrmjs.

Ks pdr tjitd hdi`mhmi smik quj idi pjrj hdaprki`kr cj smtujhmi `k

sklurm`j` d `k misklurm`j` `k cjs pkrsdijs, kstu`mjr cds hditkim`ds `k cj

Idrajtmvj `k Jutdprdtkhhmi js hdad td`ds jqukccds jspkhtds quk cj

hdiedraji, pjrj fustmemhjr ui jitkprdykhtd `k @khrktd j`jptj`d j Hjijrmjs

ki kc hujc tki`rji hjom`j cds iukvds tmtucj`ds ki Xklurm`j` y Hditrdc `k

_mkslds `k cj [imvkrsm`j` `k Cjs ^jcajs `k L.H., huyj rksdcuhmi

puocmhj`j ki kc O.D.K. `k ?0 `k jormc `k ?>:8 (ODK-J-?>:8-088;), `khcjrj

su hjrhtkr demhmjc, dotkimki`d js su vjcm`kz ki td`d kc tkrrmtdrmd ijhmdijc, y

prdpdrhmdii`dck kekhtds jhj`amhds pckids, fuitd hdi su bjomcmtjhmi, ki

su hjsd, pjrj rkjcmzjr jhtmvm`j`ks `k hjrhtkr prdeksmdijc, rklucj`js `k

jhukr`d hdi cj idrajtmvj quk ki hj`j hjsd rksuctk `k jpcmhjhmi.

Atd`d `k Kstu`md

Cj kcjodrjhmi `k kstk Prjojfd `k Emi `k Lrj`d, sk `mvm`k ki trks jspkhtds

rkckvjitks6 cj Idraj Osmhj `k Jutdprdtkhhmi, cj emlurj `k cds thimhds

hdapktkitks pjrj su jpcmhjhmi7 quk mihcuyk ui jicmsms `k cjs tmtucjhmdiks

as ejhuctj`js pjrj kstj cjodr, y uij prdpukstj `k Idrajtmvj Osmhj `k

Jutdprdtkhhmi pjrj Hjijrmjs quk rksukcvj cjs `kemhmkihmjs j`vkrtm`js ki cj

Idrajtmvj `k aomtd ijhmdijc.

^jrtmads pdr tjitd hdi ui prmakr hjptucd quk hditmkik cjs `mekrkitks

`kemimhmdiks sdork hdihkptds eui`jakitjcks quk hdiedraji hujcqumkr

pcjimemhjhmi ki ajtkrmj `k Xklurm`j` y Kakrlkihmjs quk sk prkhmk,

mitrd`uhmi`dids pdhd j pdhd ki ui jicmsms as ki prdeui`m`j` sdork cj

Jutdprdtkhhmi, sus drlkiks, ejhuctj`ks y hjamids j sklumr pjrj jchjizjrcj.


22/301


^lmij ?: `k 8>: Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz

Ki iukstrd sklui`d hjptucd jijcmzjads cj jhtujc Idraj Osmhj `k

Jutdprdtkhhmi (_@ 8=8/?>>>: ki Kstj`ds [im`ds, hdad uij prdpukstj jitk cjs

Hdrtks Lkikrjcks y cj ikhksm`j` `k `jr rkspukstj j cjs kxmlkihmjs `kkitdihks ki ajtkrmj `k sklurm`j` jutdsuemhmkitk.

Kstjs smilucjrm`j`ks `mkrdi edraj j ui ajrhd ckljc, huyj eui`jakitjhmi,

`mvkrsm`j` `k vmsmdiks, prhtmhjs y hrmtkrmds `k cj quk euk dofktd, bji sm`d

rkhjoj`ds, hdi kc emi `k jrluakitjr cj vjcm`kz d id `k uid `k cds `mvkrsds

hjapds `k jhtujhmi ki cds quk kc Lrj`uj`d ki Xklurm`j` y Hditrdc `k

_mkslds (LXyH_) pd`rj `ksjrrdccjr sus hdidhmamkitds y hjpjhm`j`ks,

smki`d, j iukstrd pjrkhkr, kc skhtdr `k cj Jutdprdtkhhmi, uid `k cds as

`mrkhtjakitk rkcjhmdij`ds hdi cjs hdapktkihmjs hurrmhucjrks j`qumrm`js ki

kstj tmtucjhmi.

Js amsad, sk mihcuyk ui prmakr `ksjrrdccd `k cds hditkim`ds jpdrtj`ds pdr

cj prdpmj Idraj `k Jutdprdtkhhmi ki hj`j uid `k sus iukvk hjptucds y

jikxds, js hdad uij luj `di`k sk rkhdamki`ji thimhjs rkhdpmcj`js `k

dtrjs `mshmpcmijs, quk okikemhmjrji ki lrji ak`m`j cj rkjcmzjhmi `k

hujcqumkr tmpd `k ^cji `k Jutdprdtkhhmi, quk pdr su kxtkismi bkads

smtuj`d ki kc Jikxd UM `k kstk `dhuakitd.

Ki kc imad pdr kstjockhkr `mekrkihmjs kitrk cj prdpmj Idraj Osmhj `k

Jutdprdtkhhmi (ki j`kcjitk, IOJ) y cj Cky `k ^rkvkihmi `k _mkslds

Cjodrjcks (C^_C), hdierditjads jaojs idrajtmvjs pjrj kshcjrkhkr sm sdi

hdapckakitjrmjs d `mshdr`jitks, smi dcvm`jrids quk ki Hjijrmjs idskihditrjads `kitrd `k cj vmlkihmj `kc @KH_KPD 8>/?>:8, `k 2 `k ekorkrd,

pdr kc quk sk hrkj kc _klmstrd Jutdiamhd `k ^cjiks `k Jutdprdtkhhmi `k

cds hkitrds, kstjockhmamkitds y `kpki`kihmjs `k`mhj`ds j jhtmvm`j`ks quk

puk`ji `jr drmlki j smtujhmdiks `k kakrlkihmj, y quk `ktkramij cj edraj ki

quk `koki rklmstrjrsk `mhbds pcjiks `k jutdprdtkhhmi, js hdad kc

hditkim`d aimad `k cds amsads ki ojsk j cj idrajtmvj ijhmdijc.


23/301


Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz ^lmij ?? `k 8>:

Emijcmzj kstk sklui`d hjptucd hdi ui orkvk kxjaki `k cj Cky `k

Kspkhthucds ôcmhds `k Hjijrmjs pdr su rkcjhmi `mrkhtj hdi cj docmljhmi

`k hditjr hdi ui ^cji `k Jutdprdtkhhmi (^J).

Jtki`mki`d `k cjs kxpkrmkihmjs dotkim`js ki dtrjs Hdauim`j`ks Jutidajs

hdi idrajs yj jprdoj`js ki kstj ajtkrmj, ki kc hjptucd tkrhkrd sk

rkhdpmcji cjs `mekrkitks tmtucjhmdiks ejhuctj`js pjrj cj rk`jhhmi `k pcjiks

`k jutdprdtkhhmi j imvkc jutdiamhd, smi prktki`kr prdeui`mzjr ki cj

cmokrjcmzjhmi `k cjs prdeksmdiks, pukstd quk id ks kc dofktmvd `k kstk

trjojfd. @k mlujc edraj sk kxjamij orkvkakitk cj idrajtmvj jhtujc ki

ajtkrmj `k Jutdprdtkhhmi y Kspkhthucds ôcmhds2 `kc rkstd `k

Hdauim`j`ks Jutidajs, hdi cj mitkihmi `k quk kc ckhtdr sk smtk ki kc

hditkxtd `k cj ikhksm`j` `k `kemimr qu tmtucj`ds `kokrji skr hdism`krj`ds

thimhds hdapktkitks `kitrd `kc aomtd `k cj jutdprdtkhhmi.

Ks kc emijc `kc hjptucd tkrhkrd `di`k sk hdapjrj dofktmvjakitk cjs

prdeksmdiks quk ki ajydr ak`m`j sk jfustji j cds hdidhmamkitds

`kaji`j`ds pdr cj Idraj Osmhj `k Jutdprdtkhhmi, jijcmzi`dcjs skli

sus hditkim`ds hurrmhucjrks.

^dr ctmad, kc hjptucd hujrtd ids mitrdùhk ki kc jitkprdykhtd idrajtmvd quk

kst prkpjrj`d kc Ldomkrid `k Hjijrmjs y ki kc quk sk mihcuyki jcluijs `k

cjs akfdrjs prdpukstjs pdr cj Jsdhmjhmi Hjijrmj `k Lrjùj`ds ki

Xklurm`j` y Hditrdc `k _mkslds (JXKH_M)= quk j iukstrd fumhmd sk

mitkrrkcjhmdiji d mihcusd hdmihm`ki hdi `ktkramij`ds jrluakitds y

hdihcusmdiks jpdrtj`ds ki kstk Prjojfd Emijc `k Lrj`d.

2Cj rkhmkitk jprdojhmi `kc @KH_KPD 25/?>:8, `k : `k jldstd, bjhk mapdsmock su kstu`mdki prdeui`m`j`, pdr tjitd sdcd sk bj pd`m`d jhtujcmzjr cds tkxtds rkekrm`ds j `mhbj idrajtmvj.= Jsdhmjhmi ^rdeksmdijc eui`j`j ki skptmkaork `k ?>:?, `k cj hujc kstk rk`jhtdr ks kcjhtujc ^rksm`kitk y huyd dofktmvd prmihmpjc ks kc mihrkakitd `k cj Hucturj `k Xklurm`j` ki cjsdhmk`j`7 mapucsji`d kc `ksjrrdccd `k idrajtmvjs quk prdaukvji pdctmhjs y jhhmdiks kiajtkrmj `k Xklurm`j`, Jutdprdtkhhmi y Hditrdc `k cds _mkslds, y cj prdadhmi `k cj emlurj

`kc Lrjùj`d ki Xklurm`j` y Hditrdc `k _mkslds hdad rkekrkitk ki ajtkrmj `k sklurm`j`buajij. Wbttp6//www.jskhrm.drlQ
http://www.asecri.org/http://www.asecri.org/http://www.asecri.org/http://www.asecri.org/


24/301


^lmij ?8 `k 8>: Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz

HJ^P[CD M.- MIP_D@[HHMI ]

@KEMIMHMDIKX

:. Hdihkptds Eui`jakitjcks

^jrj kstjockhkr `mekrkihmjs kitrk cjs `mekrkitks prdeksmdiks quk sk kfkrhki

ki Kspjj, y quk kstu`mjrkads as j`kcjitk, ks maprkshmi`mock quk

`kcmamtkads kc kitki`mamkitd `k trks hdihkptds osmhds smi cds hujcks id sk

pkrhmomri cjs hdihcusmdiks emijcks `k kstk trjojfd. Id skr stj uij tjrkj

ehmc, yj quk mihcusd `kitrd `k cds edrds prdeksmdijcks kc `kojtk sdork cd quk

kitki`kads pdr Xklurm`j`, Jutdprdtkhhmi, [rlkihmj y Kakrlkihmj

hditmij ji cjtkitk.

Jc mlujc quk dtrds auhbds hdihkptds `k i`dck suofktmvj, cj Xklurm`j`, hdad

sk hdidhk trj`mhmdijcakitk, sk bj ojsj`d ki auhbjs dhjsmdiks ki kc

ekkcmil, pdr tjitd rksuctj as ehmc `kemimrcj quk skitmrcj, `k jb su

jaomlk`j` skli kc kitdrid ki quk sk utmcmzj. ^dr kccd ks ikhksjrmd

kxtrjpdcjrids bjhmj su smlimemhj`d jilcdsjfi `di`k cjs `mekrkihmjs

kstjockhki ui iukvd hdihkptd7 cj Xjekty:>.

Ki Kspjj, ki ui jcjr`k `k smapcmhm`j` ki cjs hdsjs, trj`mhmdijcakitk

bkads dovmj`d cj ùjcm`j` `k smlimemhj`d quk cj pjcjorj XKL[_M@J@::

:> Kxmstki tramids `mstmitds quk `mekrkihmji kc tramid XKL[_M@J@ eukrj `k iukstrjserditkrjs6 ki milcs7 sjekty ji` skhurmty, ki erjihs7 skhurmt kt surkt. Oushji`d uikfkapcd smapck, pd`kads vjcdrjr sm bjy auhbj d pdhj sjekty d skhurmt ki uikspkhthucd pocmhd7 sm cjs mistjcjhmdiks huapcki cj idrajtmvj, sm kxmstki sjcm`js `kkakrlkihmj suemhmkitks, d sm kc jedrd ks kc mìkd, y kitki`kads quk bjy auhbj d pdhjskhurmty d surkt ki cjs mistjcjhmi7 sm bjy pkrsdijc sjimtjrmd d `k sklurm`j` ki hjitm`j`suemhmkitk, d sm id dhurrki jsjctds d rdods.::Kstj hukstmi tkramidclmhj pd`kads vkrcj `kitrd `kc aomtd ajrtmad, y surlk huji`d ki

cds pjsks `k bjocj bmspjij sk oushj uij `kemimhmi hdiskisuj`j trjs cj jprdojhmi `kcH`mld ÔM^ pdr cj DAM (Drljimzjhmi Ajrtmaj Mitkrijhmdijc), jprdoj`d pdr _ksdcuhmi


25/301


Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz ^lmij ?0 `k 8>:

tmkik eukrj `k iukstrd tkrrmtdrmd, kitki`mi`dcj hdad7 cj juskihmj `k rmksld

d cj hdiemjizj quk sk tmkik ki jcld d ki jclumki . Juiquk ki rkjcm`j`, su

smlimemhj`d vjrmjock, kst as `krmvj`d ki euihmi `k su prdpmj utmcmzjhmi y

hditkxtd. Bjocjads `k Xklurm`j` Xdhmjc7 huji`d qukrkads rkekrmrids j cjsdstkimomcm`j` `kc omkikstjr y cjs pdctmhjs `k prdtkhhmi `k cj prdpmj

sdhmk`j`, y sm ids rkekrmads j cj Xklurm`j` Umjc7 `kokads kitki`krcj hdad

cj juskihmj d amtmljhmi `k rmkslds ki cj utmcmzjhmi `k ak`mds `k trjispdrtk

rd`j`d, js hdad cj hdad`m`j` y ejhmcm`j` ki cds `kspcjzjamkitds kitrk cds

`mekrkitks hjamids y trismtds ki Kspjj.

Cj Xklurm`j` sk bj hdivkrtm`d ki uij rkmvmi`mhjhmi buajij y prukoj `k

kccd, ids cd hdiemraj cj hckork y hcsmhj tkdrj `kAjscdw:?, quk kstjockhk

uij fkrjrquj `k ikhksm`j`ks buajijs y `kemki`k quk hdiedrak sk

sjtmsejhki cjs ikhksm`j`ks as osmhjs (pjrtk miekrmdr `k cj pmram`k), cds

skrks buajids `ksjrrdccji ikhksm`j`ks y `kskds as kckvj`ds.

I? `k cj Hdiekrkihmj @mpcdatmhj XDCJX hkckorj`j ki Cdi`rks, kc :? `k `mhmkaork `k?>>?, ki rkspukstj j cds jtjquks `kc ::-X.:?

Ajscdw, Jorjbja (:=08). Adtmvjtmdi ji` ^krsdijcmty 8tb K`mtmdi. K`mhmdiks @jz `kXjitds, Aj`rm`.

Emlurj : - Eukitk6 Kcjodrjhmi ^rdpmj


26/301


^lmij ?; `k 8>: Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz

:.: Xklurm`j` Dpkrjhmdijc6 Xjekty

Cj Xklurm`j` Dpkrjhmdijc d Xjekty:8sk rkemkrk j cds prdhksds kihjamij`ds

j cj rkùhhmi `k cds pkcmlrds j hdiskhukihmj `k cj ajtkrmjcmzjhmi `k uid dvjrmds rmkslds jsdhmj`ds. ^jrj kccd, sk ojsj ki trks pmcjrks eui`jakitjcks6

:. @kemimr cds imvkcks `k sklurm`j` jhkptjocks, js hdad sus mi`mhj`drks,

hdi kc dofktmvd `k `ktkhtjr uij `ksvmjhmi quk `mkrj hdad rksuctj`d

uij `klrj`jhmi d pr`m`j `k `mhbds imvkcks `k sklurm`j`.

?. Cj Xklurm`j` _kjhtmvj6 ki ojsk jc hdidhmamkitd kaprmhd, sk pcjimemhj

cj edraj `k idtmemhjr, mivkstmljr y jijcmzjr cjs mihm`kihmjs `ktkhtj`js,

su pdstkrmdr `meusmi `k cjs ckhhmdiks jprki`m`js, y cj jpcmhjhmi `k

ksjs ak`m`js prkvkitmvjs d hdrrkhtmvjs j`khuj`js pjrj kvmtjr su

rkprdùhhmi.

8. Cj Xklurm`j` ^rdjhtmvj6 kihjamij`j j quk cjs pdsmocks jakijzjs

sdork kc smstkaj id sk ajtkrmjcmhki, y ki hjsd `k dhurrmr, mitkitjr quk

cds kekhtds skji cd akids `jmid pdsmock. ^jrj kccd sk kstjockhkieraucjs `k `ktkhhmi, kvjcujhmi y amtmljhmi `k rmkslds,

kihjamij`j j cj cdhjcmzjhmi prkhdz `k cjs pdsmocks jakijzjs sdork

cj jhtmvm`j` dofktd `k jicmsms, js hdad cj jpcmhjhmi `k ojrrkrjs y

ak`m`js amtmlj`drjs sdork kc prdpmd smstkaj, hdi kc emi `k quk kc imvkc

`k rmksld skj tdckrjock.

:.? Xklurm`j` Esmhj6Xkhurm ty

Cj sklurm`j`, rklucjrm`j` y kemhmkihmj `k hujcqumkr jhtmvm`j` y `k sus

mistjcjhmdiks y skrvmhmds bji sm`d y sdi, jakijzj`js pdr uij vjrmk`j` hj`j

:8@kemimhmi `k Xjekty rkhdpmcj`j `k cjs tkdrjs kstjockhm`js pdr Oruhk Xhbikmkr, OkydiÈkjr6 Pbmigmil Xkismocy jodut Xkhurmty mi ji [ihkrtjmi \drc`, Hdpkrimhus Oddgs, pjlks ?5-

?< y _bdij G.A. Xamtb, Pkxtoddg di Mitkrijtmdijc Buaji _mlbts, skhdi` k`mtmdi, Dxedr`[imvkrsmty ^rkss, ?>>;, p. ?0>. Xamtb, p. ?0;.


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vkz ajydr `k jhtds hrmamijcks. Cj Xklurm`j` Esmhj d Xkhurmty:0tmkik hdad

dofktmvd prmihmpjc kc jsklurjr cj prdtkhhmi y cj sjcvjlujr`j `k sus usujrmds,

hcmkitks y pocmhd ki lkikrjc, y `k edraj skhui`jrmj cjs mistjcjhmdiks y

omkiks ajtkrmjcks, yj skji clmhds d esmhds, hditrj jhtds `k mitkrekrkihmjmchmtj. Kstj tjrkj sk cckvj j hjod, ak`mjitk uij hdaomijhmi `k ak`m`js y cj

drljimzjhmi `k `mvkrsds rkhursds buajids y ajtkrmjcks j `mstmitds imvkcks,

huyd prmihmpmd eui`jakitjc quk rmlk, j cj bdrj `k ljrjitmzjr cj sklurm`j`

esmhj, quk cjs ak`m`js jpcmhj`js skji prdpdrhmdijcks j cjs jakijzjs, hdi

kc dofktd `k jchjizjr ui imvkc idrajcmzj`d `k sklurm`j` kemhmkitk pjrj hj`j

tmpd `k jhtmvm`j`.

Ki rksuaki, pd`kads kitki`kr quk cj XJEKP], ks cj amimamzjhmi `kc

rmksld `k dhurrkihmj `k jhhm`kitks k mihm`kitks lrjvks (^rkvkihmi). ] cj

XKH[_MP], sk kihjrlj `kc hditrdc `k cds mihm`kitks7 su jhtujhmi, lkstmi y

hddr`mijhmi pjrj prdtklkr j cjs mierjkstruhturjs, cds omkiks y cjs pkrsdijs

hditrj jhtds `k mitkrekrkihmj mchmtds (^rdtkhhmi).

Kstds `ds hdihkptds `mstmitds pkrd hdapckakitjrmds sdi cds quk rmlki cj

C^_C (Cky `k ^rkvkihmi `k _mkslds Cjodrjcks) y cj IOJ (Idraj Osmhj `k

Jutdprdtkhhmi), ki hujitd j quk cj ^rkvkihmi `k _mkslds Cjodrjcks sk

kitmki`k hdad Xjekty (^rkvkihmi) y cj Idraj Osmhj `k Jutdprdtkhhmi

hdad Xkhurmty (^rdtkhhmi).

:.8 Cj [rlkihmj y cj Kakrlkihmj

@kitrd `k cj sklurm`j` pkrsdijc (Xkhurmty), kihditrjads ui ekiakid qukpuk`k skr pkrhmom`d `ks`k `mvkrsds puitds `k vmstj. Ks kvm`kitk quk puk`k

mitkrprktjrsk `k uij ajikrj suofktmvj d hdad uij rkjcm`j` dofktmvj, ki

jaods hjsds pd`kads jemrajr quk lujr`j uij kstrkhbj rkcjhmi hdi kc

:0 @kemimhmi `kc hdihkptd Xkhurmty derkhm`j pdr Hbjrcks L. Djgks, ^b@, Ocuk Kaokr

Pkhbidcdlmks, CCH. Xjekty vkrsus Xkhurmty mi Emrk ^rdtkhtmdi ^cjiimil. Pbk JakrmhjiMistmtutk de Jrhbmtkhts6 Gidwck`lk Hdaauimtmks, Ajy ?>>=.


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^lmij ?< `k 8>: Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz

hdidhmamkitd quk hj`j pkrsdij tmkik `k s amsad y `k cd quk pjrj c ks uij

smtujhmi quk `kaji`j uij prditj jtkihmi pdr pjrtk `k prdeksmdijcks

kspkhmjcmzj`ds ki skli qu smtujhmdiks.

Kstj skisjhmi `k ejctj `k sklurm`j`, kst hdism`krj`j hdad ui ejhtdr

psmhdsdhmjc quk ki dhjsmdiks puk`k trjisamtmr trjiqumcm`j` j cds mi`mvm`uds

`k uij sdhmk`j`, d pdr kc hditrjrmd jcjrajrcj jitk kc hditmiud ecufd `k

miedrajhmi quk bjhk `k ui smapck mihm`kitk, `mljads7 uij kakrlkihmj

hdtm`mjij, kvdcuhmdik y puk`j cckljr j skr pkrhmom`j pdr kc hmu`j`jid hdad

uij hjtstrdek.

Bjy quk tkikr ki hukitj quk ki td`d kc aui`d, td`ds cds Xmstkajs

Mitklrj`ds `k Kakrlkihmjs (XMK) tmkiki hdad prmdrm`j`7 kvmtjr d `msamiumr ki

cd pdsmock kc iakrd `k vhtmajs, rkstjockhmki`d j hditmiujhmi sus skrvmhmds

kskihmjcks, pjrj pdstkrmdrakitk prdhk`kr j cj rkbjomcmtjhmi `k cds `jds

dhjsmdij`ds ki cjs mierjkstruhturjs. Kstds pjsds sdi eui`jakitjcks pjrj

`jr skisjhmi `k hditrdc, sklurm`j` y japjrd j cds hmu`j`jids. ^dr tjitd,

pjrkhk clmhd quk jitk uij smtujhmi `k urlkihmj d kakrlkihmj, cj rjpm`kz

ki cj mitkrvkihmi `k cds kqumpds `k jhtujhmi skj uid `k sus dofktmvds

prmihmpjcks. _khdr`kads quk jitk uij smtujhmi `k kstrs, kc skr buajid, j

trjvs `k cj kapjtj quk ids hjrjhtkrmzj, lkikrjcakitk vk jctkrj`j su

idhmi tkapdrjc, prdvdhji`d ui juakitd `k cj jismk`j` pdr cj juskihmj `k

rkhursds prdeksmdijcks prkstji`d jsmstkihmj ki kc amsad culjr `di`k sk

prd`uhki cds bkhbds, kstj rkjcm`j` kst auy prkskitk kitrk cds

prdeksmdijcks, quk `koki kstjr `dtj`ds `k ui jutdhditrdc kaptmhd, j vkhks

sdorkijturjc, jitk kstjs smtujhmdiks.

Umstd cd jitkrmdr, pjrj cj sdhmk`j` ki lkikrjc, ki auhbjs dhjsmdiks id

kxmstk `mekrkihmj jcluij kitrk uij urlkihmj y uij kakrlkihmj, jcld quk pjrj

hujcqumkr prdeksmdijc mivdcuhrj`d `kitrd `k kstjs smtujhmdiks ks docmljtdrmd

hdidhkrcjs, pukstd quk cj vjcdrjhmi y kc jicmsms `k kstds `ds tramids,

pkramtmr lkstmdijr cds rkhursds quk akfdr sk j`jptki j cjs ikhksm`j`ks `k

hj`j smtujhmi. ^jrj kccd `kokads pjrtmr `k uij ojsk uimvkrsjc7 cj vm`j `k


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cjs pkrsdijs, quk rkhdr`kads ks uid `k cds @krkhbds Eui`jakitjcks quk

kstjockhk kc jrt. :; ki cj Hdistmtuhmi Kspjdcj (HK), y quk `j`j su

mapdrtjihmj, akrkhk cj pkij quk cd rkpmtjads6 cj docmljhmi `k cds pd`krks

pocmhds `k ljrjitmzjr kc `krkhbd j cj vm`j y cj mitklrm`j` esmhj, smi dcvm`jrkc hdihkptd `k Jutdprdtkhhmi (jrt. :.? `k cj IOJ)6 smstkaj `k jhhmdiks y

ak`m`js kihjamij`js j prkvkimr y hditrdcjr cds rmkslds sdork cjs pkrsdijs y

cds omkiks, j `jr rkspukstj j`khuj`j j cjs pdsmocks smtujhmdiks `k

kakrlkihmj y j ljrjitmzjr cj mitklrjhmi `k kstjs jhtujhmdiks hdi kc smstkaj

pocmhd `k prdtkhhmi hmvmc.

^dr hdismlumkitk, pd`kads j`amtmr cd smlumkitks hdihkptds6

Cj [rlkihmj

@j`d quk kc rmksld j cj vm`j `k cjs pkrsdijs supdik kc dofktmvd prmihmpjc,

`kokads oushjr su smlimemhj`d `kitrd `k cds tramids `k cj sjcu`, pdr tjitd7

uij urlkihmj sk hdism`krj j td`j smtujhmi quk sk prkskitj `k maprdvmsd smi

quk kccd pdilj ki rmksld cj vm`j `k cj pkrsdij jekhtj`j `k uij edraj

miamikitk, ks `khmr7 quk puk`k rkqukrmr jsmstkihmj a`mhj, pkrd `kitrd `kui pkrd`d `k tmkapd rjzdijock (bdrqumccj tkapdrjc `k ? d 8 bdrjs

mimhmjcks). Hdad kfkapcd, pd`kads `khmr quk cj ikhksm`j` `k trjspcjitk `k

ui rljid quk euihmdij `kemhmkitkakitk ks uij urlkihmj, pu`mki`d

ajitkikrsk cjs hdistjitks vmtjcks ojfd doskrvjhmi amkitrjs jpjrkhk ui

`dijitk. Dtrd kfkapcd, rkcjhmdij`d hdi cj sklurm`j` skrj rkqukrmr cj

prkskihmj `k pdcmhj ki ui jhhm`kitk `k tremhd pjrj prdtklkr y skjcmzjr cj

zdij `kc jhhm`kitk.

Cd quk id pd`kads jhkptjr hdad uij urlkihmj, ks cj kxmlkihmj `k ui

hmu`j`jid quk sdcmhmtj miedrajhmi sdork kc adtmvd pdr kc quk cj hmrhucjhmi

`k vkbhucds kstj pjrj`j ki uij `ktkramij`j vj.


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^lmij ?= `k 8>: Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz

Cj Kakrlkihmj

Ki kstk hjsd, cj smtujhmi `k sjcu` quk sk prkskitj ks rkpkitmij, cd quk

rkqumkrk uij jhtujhmi miak`mjtjpdr pjrtk `kc pkrsdijc kihjrlj`d `k sujtkihmi, pukstd quk cj smtujhmi cckvj jpjrkfj`j uij jctj prdojomcm`j` `k

rmksld pjrj cj vm`j. Hdad kfkapcds pd`kads hmtjr6 pr`m`j `k hdidhmamkitd,

joui`jitk pr`m`j `k sjilrk d bkadrrjlmj, `memhuctj` rkspmrjtdrmj

prdcdilj`j, `dcdr mitkisd ki cj zdij `kc pkhbd, hdivucsmdiks, kckhtrdhuhmi,

jsemxmj pdr miakrsmi, hj`js `ks`k jcturjs, lrji`ks qukaj`urjs, kth.

Kstd ids cckvj j cj ikhksm`j` `k bjhkr kitki`kr jc hmu`j`jid, cj mapdrtjihmj

`k dotkikr uij miedrajhmi hcjrj y kspkhemhj sdork cj rkjcm`j` `k cj

smtujhmi, pjrj quk stj skj hdapjrtm`j hdi cds mitkrvmimkitks j cj ajydr

prditmtu`, `khrkti`dsk jc amsad tmkapd kc imvkc `k lrjvk`j` pdr ui

prdeksmdijc, tjc y hdad sk doskrvj ki cjEmlurj ?.

Js puks, cj mapdrtjihmj id cj ajrhj kc hmu`j`jid, quk rkhdr`kads sk

kihukitrj ki uij smtujhmi `k kstrs quk puk`k mapk`mrck rjzdijr y vjcdrjr

hdrrkhtjakitk ksjsmtujhmi quk doskrvj y

quk ck jekhtj

kadhmdijcakitk. Cj

vkr`j`krj lrjvk`j` cj

kstjockhk kc prdeksmdijc `k

cjs kakrlkihmjs, quk ks,

qumki kst prkpjrj`d pjrjsjokr vjcdrjr, y skpjrjr cj

rkjcm`j` `k cj suofktmvm`j`

quk kilcdoj td`d mihm`kitk.

Kstj kxpkrmkihmj, hdad vjcdr jj`m`d j cds hdidhmamkitds quk `kok tkikr

td`d rk`jhtdr `k cds prdtdhdcds `k jhtujhmi, pkramtmr hdaprki`kr akfdr cds

jspkhtds psmhdsdhmjcks `k cj pkrsdij, yj skj ki su mi`mvm`ujcm`j` d ki su

Emlurj ? Imvkcks `k Lrjvk`j`. Eukitk6 Kcjodrjhmi ^rdpmj


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Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz ^lmij 8> `k 8>:

hdifuitd, j cj bdrj `k jijcmzjr cds rmkslds y pcjimemhjr hmkrtds prdtdhdcds `k

jhtujhmi `kaji`j`ds pdr cj IOJ ki cj rk`jhhmi `k hujcqumkr tmpd `k ^cji

`k Jutdprdtkhhmi, skj cj jhtmvm`j` quk skj.

?. Cj Jutdprdtkhhmi

Cd quk pjrj ui hmu`j`jid `kc Xur `k Kurdpj puk`k pjrkhkr uij cdhurj d

mrrkspdisjomcm`j` `ks`k ui puitd `k vmstj hucturjc as ak`mtkrrikd, puk`k

skr pkrekhtjakitk jhkptj`d k mihcusd mihuchj`d ki dtrds pjsks `kc Idrtk

kurdpkd, `di`k su prdpmd smstkaj kùhjtmvd yj hditkapcj hditkim`ds ki

ajtkrmj `k sklurm`j`, kakrlkihmjs y jutdprdtkhhmi `ks`k uij k`j` auytkaprjij.

Bjocjr `k Xjektyki kc smstkaj kùhjtmvd `k kstds pjsks, ks bjocjr `k cj

Hucturj `k cj Xklurm`j`:;-:5. Xupdik jchjizjr imvkcks `mehmcakitk

hdaprkismocks ki iukstrd pjs7 `di`k iukstrj sdhmk`j` id prdpdrhmdij ui

kitdrid sklurd, hjpjz `k tdckrjr kc bkhbd `k `kfjr scd ùrjitk td`js cjs

tjr`ks j ui imd akidr `k `mkz jds, amkitrjs sus pj`rks trjojfji7 `di`kid sk mihuchj prkhdzakitk j imds `k as `k 0 jds, cjs hjpjhm`j`ks `k

kitki`kr had y hui`d ccjajr jc skrvmhmd `k [rlkihmjs d Kakrlkihmjs (:-:-

?), y quk skj hjpjz `k kxpcmhjr hdi sus pjcjorjs7 qu dhurrk y ì`k dhurrk

su kakrlkihmj.

:; Kstk tramid sk utmcmz pdr prmakrj vkz ki kc rksuaki miedrak `k cj hdamsmi `kmivkstmljhmi `k sklurm`j` iuhckjr, ki cj rkuimi `k rkvmsmi pdstkrmdr jc Jhhm`kitk `kHbkriomc (:=22), kc jhhm`kitk ccja cj jtkihmi sdork cj mapdrtjihmj `k cj hucturj `k cjsklurm`j`, kc mapjhtd `k ejhtdrks buajids y `k lkstmi sdork cds rksuctj`ds `k rki`mamkitd`k sklurm`j`.:5Cj Hdamsmi `k sklurm`j` y sjcu` `kc _kmid [im`d `ksjrrdccjrdi uij `k cjs `kemimhmdiksas hdaiakitk utmcmzj`js `k cj hucturj `k cj sklurm`j`, quk cj `kshrmok hdad6 Kcprdùhtd hdad mi`mvmùd y lrupd, `k vjcdrks, jhtmtu`ks, pkrhkphmdiks, hdapktkihmjs ypjutjs `k hdapdrtjamkitd quk `ktkramiji kc hdaprdamsd, kc kstmcd y cj hdapktkihmj `k cjjàmimstrjhmi `k sjcu` y cj sklurm`j` `k uij drljimzjhmi. Eukitk6 Mvi Xdtd Hbvkz

Wbttp6//www.rmksldcjo.hda/smtk/hdapdikit/hditkit/jrtmhck/0:-sklurm`j`-kbmlmkik/?:=-cj-hucturj-`k-cj-sklurm`j`.btacQ
http://www.riesgolab.com/site/component/content/article/41-seguridad-ehigiene/219-la-cultura-de-la-seguridad.htmlhttp://www.riesgolab.com/site/component/content/article/41-seguridad-ehigiene/219-la-cultura-de-la-seguridad.htmlhttp://www.riesgolab.com/site/component/content/article/41-seguridad-ehigiene/219-la-cultura-de-la-seguridad.htmlhttp://www.riesgolab.com/site/component/content/article/41-seguridad-ehigiene/219-la-cultura-de-la-seguridad.htmlhttp://www.riesgolab.com/site/component/content/article/41-seguridad-ehigiene/219-la-cultura-de-la-seguridad.htmlhttp://www.riesgolab.com/site/component/content/article/41-seguridad-ehigiene/219-la-cultura-de-la-seguridad.html


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^lmij 8: `k 8>: Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz

Jqu ki Kspjj, kstk @krkhbd Eui`jakitjc quk kstjockhk kc jrt. :; ki cj

Hdistmtuhmi Kspjdcj (HK), pd`kads hdakizjr j hdisklumrcd hdi cj

jprdojhmi `k prdykhtds kùhjtmvds hdad kc `k Kùhjhmi Hvmhj ki

Kakrlkihmjs, quk oushj rkskrvjr ui pdrhkitjfk `k cj iukvj jsmlijturj `kKùhjhmi Hmvmc y Hdistmtuhmdijc pjrj mapjrtmr hditkim`ds `k kakrlkihmjs,

prdtkhhmi hmvmc y sklurm`j` vmjc, y quk pcjitkj cj ikhksm`j` `k hdaprki`kr

id scd `k edraj ki quk cds hmu`j`jids puk`ki jchjizjr kstj sklurm`j` y

prdtkhhmi j trjvs `k cjs Jàmimstrjhmdiks ôcmhjs, smid quk sk bj `k

prdhurjr cj j`dphmi `k ak`m`js `kstmij`js j cj prkvmsmi, cj prkvkihmi y kc

hditrdc `k rmkslds `ks`k su prdpmd drmlki::?)Wbttp6//k`hmvkakrl.hda/Q
http://edcivemerg.com/http://edcivemerg.com/http://edcivemerg.com/http://edcivemerg.com/


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Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz ^lmij 8? `k 8>:

kxtkrijs hdi iukstrds prdpmds rkhursds mitkrids. Jui js, kxmstki `ds tmpds

`k Jutdprdtkhhmi:26

Cj Jutdprdtkhhmi Hmu`j`jij.- Kitki`m`j hdad kc kfkrhmhmdprjhtmhj`d pdr cds hmu`j`jids `kitrd `k ui ajrhd esmhd hdihrktd

`di`k sk `kskivukcvk js amsad, `ji`d hdad rksuctj`d cj ccjaj`j

Jutdprdtkhhmi mi`mvm`ujc, Jutdprdtkhhmi ejamcmjr, Jutdprdtkhhmi `k

cj Hdauim`j`, kth.

Cj Jutdprdtkhhmi Hdrpdrjtmvj.- Jqukccj ojsj`j ki ui smstkaj `k

jhhmdiks y ak`m`js j`dptj`js pdr uij kitm`j` pocmhj d prmvj`j,

kihjamij`js j prkvkimr y hditrdcjr cds rmkslds, huyd dofktmvd prmihmpjc

ks `jr rkspukstj j cjs kakrlkihmjs y ljrjitmzjr cj hddr`mijhmi `k

cjs jhhmdiks quk sk j`dptki ki hdisdijihmj hdi kc smstkaj pocmhd

`k ^rdtkhhmi Hmvmc. Xmki`d su axmad kxpdikitk kc prdpmd ^cji `k

Jutdprdtkhhmi (^J).

Kstk drmlki, ids smrvk pjrj hdaprki`kr dtrds hdihkptds hdad cj juskihmj

`k rmkslds d cj hdiemjizj ki jcld d jclumki7 quk vji `ks`k ui aomtdmitkrijhmdijc, pjsji`d pdr cj prdpmj Xklurm`j` `k cj Ijhmi, cj hujc

hdism`krj vmtjc su `kekisj, bjstj cckljr j su jspkhtd as smapcmemhj`d, hdad

ks cj sklurm`j` pkrsdijc `kc skr buajid7 prdtklmki`d su mitklrm`j` esmhj y

adrjc, sus `krkhbds y su pjtrmadimd. ^d`kads pdr tjitd, kitki`krcd hdad

ui dofktmvd y ui emi hdistjitk, quk kc bdaork jibkcj hdad uij ikhksm`j`

prmajrmj `k jchjizjr cds imvkcks kxpukstds ki cj tkdrj `k cjs ikhksm`j`ks

`kc emcsded pdcjhd, Ajcmidwsgm:=

, smtuji`d j cj Xklurm`j` ki ui hujrtd culjr`k kitrk cjs smktk ikhksm`j`ks osmhjs j sjtmsejhkr pdr kc bdaork.

:2 Hdihkptds jhkptj`ds pdr cj @mrkhhmi Lkikrjc `k ^rdtkhhmi Hmvmc y Kakrlkihmjs `kcLdomkrid `k Kspjj ki su `kemimhmi `k cj Jutdprdtkhhmi.

Wbttp6//www.prdtkhhmdihmvmc.drl/jutdprdtkhhmiQ:=Ajcmidwsgm, Ordimsjw (:=2:). Pbk Xhmkitmemh Pbkdry de Hucturk.K`bjsj
http://www.proteccioncivil.org/autoprotecci%C3%B3nhttp://www.proteccioncivil.org/autoprotecci%C3%B3nhttp://www.proteccioncivil.org/autoprotecci%C3%B3nhttp://www.proteccioncivil.org/autoprotecci%C3%B3n


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^lmij 88 `k 8>: Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz

Xm vdcvkads jc hdihkptd `k Hucturj `k cj Xklurm`j`, hjok cj pdsmomcm`j` `k

jemrajr quk kstds pjsks `kc idrtk `k Kurdpj bji j`qumrm`d hmkrtj aj`urkz

ki hujitd j su pkrhkphmi `k cj sklurm`j`, pkrd ki iukstrj dpmimi,

hrkkads quk ks uij hukstmi hucturjc mimhmj`j `ks`k cj miejihmj y ojsj`jeui`jakitjcakitk ki cj edrajhmi, cd quk cks bjhk as mitkcmlkitks j cj

bdrj `k tdajs `khmsmdiks.

Hujcqumkr jijcmstj sjok quk cj hdiqumstj `k ui dofktmvd tji jismj`d hdad ks

cj sklurm`j` pckij ks mijchjizjock, pdr tjitd, su osquk`j ikhksmtj `k ui

pcji kstrjtlmhd quk `kemij kc hjamid j sklumr pjrj `kskapkjr uij

`ktkramij`j tjrkj d hdaktm`d jc as jctd imvkc. Ksk hdifuitd `k rklcjs,

hdapdrtjamkitds y prdhk`mamkitds, `mskj`ds prkvmjakitk, ksti ojsj`ds

ki `mvkrsds rkhursds y jptmtu`ks quk tmkik ui mi`mvm`ud, uij kitm`j` d uij

mistmtuhmi, cd quk ids cckvj j pkisjr quk ksjs hjpjhm`j`ks sdi smapckakitk

ak`mds d bkrrjamkitjs pjrj kc `ksjrrdccd `k ksk dofktmvd jibkcj`d, cds

hujcks rkqumkrki `k uij mivkrsmi quk j ak`md-cjrld pcjzd rktdrijr k

mihrkakitjr iukstrd hjpmtjc mimhmjc.

^dr tjitd7 pd`kads jemrajr, smi amk`d j kqumvdhjrids, quk cj Xklurm`j` sdi

Kstrjtklmjs, y cjs kstrjtklmjs sk ojsji ki Hjpjhm`j`ks, cjs hujcks tmkiki su

drmlki ki cds Ak`mds,quk rkqumkrki `k uij Mivkrsmi, ijhk js kc hdihkptd

osmhd `kc ^cji `k Jutdprdtkhhmi?>.

Js puks, sk bjhk ikhksjrmd j`kitrjrids ki kstds tramids, auhbd `k kccds

hdi drlkiks hjstrkisks?:hdi kc emi `k jsmamcjr hdrrkhtjakitk cds pjsds j

sklumr ki cj osquk`j `k iukstrds dofktmvds j cj bdrj `k kstjockhkr pcjiks`k jutdprdtkhhmi kemhjhks.

?> Ojcckstkrds A. J. (?>:?). Hmu`j`jij y Kurdpj. Kxtrj`d `k kitrkvmstj auctmak`mj.]dutuok. Wbttp6//www.ydutuok.hda/wjthb4v1zQ?:

@_JK6 `kc cjt. /hjstrkisms/, pkrtkikhmkitk jc hjapjakitd. ^krtkikhmkitk d rkcjtmvd jcKfrhmtd y jc kstj`d d prdeksmi amcmtjr.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7g1cdUHlw0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7g1cdUHlw0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7g1cdUHlw0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7g1cdUHlw0


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Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz ^lmij 80 `k 8>:

?.: Kstrjtklmjs

^jcjorj `k drmlki lrmkld6 strjtkld (strjtds6 kfrhmtd7 -jl6 `mrmlmr). Ks uij

edraj `k `mrmlmr td`js jqukccjs jhhmdiks pcjimemhj`js hdi jitkrmdrm`j` ykihjamij`js j prdtklkr iukstrds mitkrksks `k uij edraj jutidaj. ^jrtk

`k ui jicmsms `k cjs hdi`mhmdiks quk sk kihukitrji ki ui kshkijrmd

hdihrktd, ki iukstrd hjsd cds rmkslds, cds hujcks sdi tkim`ds ki hukitj pjrj

cdlrjr cds dofktmvds quk sk ajrhji hdi `mhbj kstrjtklmj, kstjs sdi7 cj

tkapdrjcm`j`, cjs jakijzjs, cds pkcmlrds (rkjcks d pdtkihmjcks) d cjs

vucikrjomcm`j`ks. Hdi kccd hdisklumrkads kstjockhkr kc usd as kemhmkitk `k

cjs pdtkihmjcm`j`ks `k iukstrds prdpmds rkhursds, `mrmlm`ds j kvmtjr cj

ajtkrmjcmzjhmi `k cjs jakijzjs d jc akids amimamzjr sus `jds hdi kc

akidr hdstk pdsmock.

[ij `k cjs bkrrjamkitjs as utmcmzj`js ki kc skhtdr kaprksjrmjc ks kc

atd`d `k jicmsms X\DP??, tjaomi ccjaj`d @JED

(Xtrkiltbs, \kjgikssks, Dppdrtuimtmksy Pbrkjts / @komcm`j`ks, Jakijzjs,

Edrtjckzjs y Dpdrtuim`j`ks), quk jijcmzj cjs hjrjhtkrstmhjs prdpmjs `k uij

jhtmvm`j` d kaprksj `ks`k ui puitd `k vmstj mitkrid7 sus @komcm`j`ks y

Edrtjckzjs, js hdad `ks`k su smtujhmi kxtkrij7 hdi sus Jakijzjs y

Dpdrtuim`j`ks `k jvjihk, td`d kccd pcjsaj`d ki uij ajtrmz huj`rj`j quk

oushj `ktkramijr cjs vkitjfjs `k jpcmhjr `mekrkitks ak`m`js ki ajtkrmj `k

sklurm`j`, kakrlkihmjs y hditrdc `k cds rmkslds.

Ki iukstrd hjsd, kc jicmsms @JED pd`kads tjaomi rkjcmzjrcd ki hujtrd

pjsds, juiquk kc Jicmsms Kxtkrid quk mihcumrj kc Ad`kcd `k cjs hmihd

?? Kc jicmsms Xwdt ijhk j pjrtmr `k cj mivkstmljhmi hdi`uhm`j pdr kc Xtjiedr` _kskjrhbMistmtutk kitrk :=5> y := y emijihmj`j pdr cjs kaprksjs `kc Edrtuik ;>>, jc mitkitjrhdidhkr kc adtmvd pdr kc quk erjhjsjoj cj pcjimemhjhmi hdrpdrjtmvj. Kc kqumpd `k

mivkstmljhmi cd hdapdiji6 Ajrmdi @dsbkr, @r. Dtms Okikpk, Jcokrt Buapbrky, _dokrtXtkwjrt y Omrlkr Cmk. Wbttp6//www.ousmikssojccs.hda/swdtjijcysmserkktkapcjtk.btaQ
http://www.businessballs.com/swotanalysisfreetemplate.htmhttp://www.businessballs.com/swotanalysisfreetemplate.htmhttp://www.businessballs.com/swotanalysisfreetemplate.htmhttp://www.businessballs.com/swotanalysisfreetemplate.htm


36/301


^lmij 8; `k 8>: Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz

eukrzjs `k Amhbjkc K. ^drtkr?8, cd bkads sustmtum`d pdr tramids as

prdpmds `k cj lkstmi `k kakrlkihmjs.

Hdakizjrjads pdr tjitd hdi kc Jicmsms Mitkrid7 quk oushj hdidhkr cjpdsmhmi `k cm`krjzld quk dstkitj cj jhtmvm`j`, su kstrjtklmj jhtujc, kc pkremc

pkrsdijc `k su pcjitmccj y cds prdhksds mitkrids quk sk ksti jpcmhji`d.

Js puks, `kokrjads hdiemrajr hdi qu hjpjhm`j`ks, vkitjfjs d rkhursds

hukitj iukstrj jhtmvm`j`7 sm tmkik smstkajs `k sklurm`j` y/d kxtmihmi `k

mihki`mds, sm su pkrsdijc kst omki edraj`d, sm hukitj hdi ui ^cji `k

Jutdprdtkhhmi, kth., d pdr kc hditrjrmd kstds kckakitds `k sklurm`j` y

kxtmihmi `k mihki`mds sdi su `komcm`j` pdr hjrkhkr `k kccds, d pdr id kstjr

jhtujcmzj`d su ^cji `k Jutdprdtkhhmi.

Ki kc Jicmsms Kxtkrid, tdajads ki hdism`krjhmi cjs dpdrtuim`j`ks quk ids

derkhk kc akrhj`d y quk ids pkramtj `komcmtjr j iukstrds hdapktm`drks j

trjvs `k iukvds kckakitds `k sklurm`j` quk kstjads ki `mspdsmhmi `k

mapcjitjr, tkimki`d ki hukitj cjs jakijzjs kxmstkitks y cds hjaomds quk sk

puk`ji prd`uhmr ki iukstrd kitdrid. ^jrj kccd kc ^cji `k Jutdprdtkhhmirksuctj auy kemhjz ki kstj tjrkj, yj quk amkitrjs cd ajitkiljads

jhtujcmzj`d y ki pckid euihmdijamkitd, ids skrvmr pjrj `mstjihmjrids `k

iukstrds hdapktm`drks, jsuamki`d akids rmkslds quk kccds j mlujc`j` `k

hdi`mhmdiks.

[ij vkz `kshrmtds cds kckakitds Mitkrids y Kxtkrids `k iukstrj jhtmvm`j`,

pd`kads hdakizjr j `kemimr iukstrj Ajtrmz @JED?0

, cj hujc ids `jr cjrkspukstj sdork cj kstrjtklmj j sklumr.

?8 Pjaomi ccjaj`d Jicmsms ^drtkr7 kst ojsj`d ki kc pd`kr `k ikldhmjhmi `k cdshdaprj`drks d hcmkitks y cds prdvkk`drks d vki`k`drks, cj jakijzj `k iukvds

hdapktm`drks, cj jakijzj `k prd`uhtds sustmtutds y cj rmvjcm`j` kitrk cds hdapktm`drks.Amhbjkc K. ^drtkr (prdeksdr `k Bjrvjr` Ousmikss Xhbddc, :=


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Pjocj :. Atd`d `k Jicmsms @JED

Edrtjckzjs @komcm`j`ks

Jicmsms

Mitkrid

Hjpjhm`j`ks `mstmitjs

Ukitjfjs ijturjcks

_khursds supkrmdrks

_khursds y hjpjhm`j`ks

kshjsjs

_ksmstkihmj jc hjaomd

^rdockajs `k adtmvjhmi

pkrsdijc

Dpdrtuim`j`ks Jakijzjs

JicmsmsKxtkrids

Iukvjs tkhidcdljs

@komcmtjamkitd k

hdapktm`drks

^dsmhmdijamkitd

kstrjtlmhd

Jctds rmkslds - Hjaomds kikc kitdrid

J pjrtmr `k kstk Jicmsms @JED skrkads hjpjhks `k hdidhkr cj edraj ki quk

hj`j uij `k iukstrjs edrtjckzjs puk`k rkedrzjrsk ji as, jc amsad tmkapd

quk iukstrjs `komcm`j`ks puk`ki rk`uhmrsk as ji d mihcusd kstjr akfdr

`keki`m`js pjrj cdlrjr quk hujcqumkr dpdrtuim`j` quk sk ids prkskitk id sk

hdivmkrtj ki uij jakijzj quk `jk iukstrj jhtmvm`j`, ccklji`d mihcusd j su

`ksjpjrmhmi ki hjsds kxtrkads. Bjocjads pdr tjitd `k hujtrd kstrjtklmjs

osmhjs7 @kekismvj, Dekismvj, J`jptjtmvj d `k Xupkrvmvkihmj.

?0^drtkr, A. K. (?>>2) Pbk Emvk Hdapktmtmvk Edrhks Pbjt Xbjpk Xtrjtkly. Kxtrj`d `kkitrkvmstj auctmak`mj. ]dutuok. Wbttp6//www.ydutuok.hda/wjthb4v1>K>k5IqhP>AQ

Pjocj kcjodrj`j j pjrtmr `k ^drtkr A. K. y hmtj`d ki Hdckhhmi6 Ajiujcks @dhkitks `k

Xklurm`j` y Kakrlkihmjs I :2 - Drljimzjhmi y Lkstmi `k Kitm`j`ks `k Xklurm`j`. Jutdr6

Ji`rs Hjojcckrd.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0E0e6NqcT0Mhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0E0e6NqcT0Mhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0E0e6NqcT0Mhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0E0e6NqcT0M


38/301


^lmij 8< `k 8>: Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz

Pjocj ?. Pmpds `k Kstrjtklmjs

JAKIJVJX D^D_P[IM@J@KX

^[IPDX E[K_PKX Kstrjtklmj @kekismvj Kstrjtklmj Dekismvj

^[IPDX @OMCKXKstrjtklmj k

XupkrvmvkihmjKstrjtklmj J`jptjtmvj

Hdad yj bkads vmstd, kc usd `kc atd`d @JED ids puk`k `jr rkspukstj jc

tmpd `k kstrjtklmj?; quk `kokads jpcmhjr huji`d iukstrj jhtmvm`j` tkilj

prkvmstd mapcjitjr ui ^cji `k Jutdprdtkhhmi, yj skj pdr docmljhmi `k cj

prdpmj idrajtmvj d pdr `khmsmi prdpmj `k cj `mrkhhmi kaprksjrmjc. Ks pdr

kccd quk sk bjhk maprkshmi`mock vjcdrjr hdrrkhtjakitk cj `mspdsmhmi d id `k

ak`m`js d rkhursds, tjitd buajids hdad ajtkrmjcks, pjrj hditrjrrkstjr cds

kekhtds quk cds `mekrkitks rmkslds kxmstkitks d prkvmsmocks quk puk`ki cckvjr

j iukstrj jhtmvm`j` d kaprksj jc `ksjstrk. Umki`d id sdcd hdad kst iukstrj

smtujhmi hdi rkspkhtd j kstds rmkslds, smid hdad ksti iukstrds

hdapktm`drks ki hdapjrjhmi hdi idsdtrds.

?.:.: Kstrjtklmjs k Xupkrvmvkihmj

Cj prkskihmj `k iuakrdsds ejccds d puitds `omcks ki iukstrj drljimzjhmi,

uim`d j prdockajs `k j`jptjhmi `k iukstrds smstkajs `k sklurm`j` ykakrlkihmjs, kspkhmjcakitk, ki rkcjhmi j cjs jakijzjs jhtujcks y euturjs,

ids docmlj j j`dptjr kstk tmpd `k kstrjtklmjs, edrzi`dids j sdorkvmvmr hdi

?;Cds smlumkitks suo-jpjrtj`ds sdi ui rksuaki `k cjs dorjs `k6 Hjrc vdi Hcjuskwmtz (:28?). @k cj Lukrrj, Cmord MMM Xdork cj Kstrjtklmj ki Lkikrjc. ^drtkr, A. K. (:==5). \bjt ms Xtrjtkly4Bjrvjr` Ousmikss _kvmkw, Idv/@kh :==5.

Bd`lk, O. F. (?>>8). Pkdrj `k cj drljimzjhmi ui kiedquk kstrjtlmhd. Aj`rm`6^rkitmhk-Bjcc.

Pjocj kcjodrj`j j pjrtmr `k ^drtkr A. K. y hmtj`d ki Hdckhhmi6 Ajiujcks @dhkitks `k

Xklurm`j` y Kakrlkihmjs I :2 - Drljimzjhmi y Lkstmi `k Kitm`j`ks `k Xklurm`j`. Jutdr6

Ji`rs Hjojcckrd.


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cds rkhursds kxmstkitks7 `k`mhj`ds ki kxhcusmvj j prdtklkr cds ejhtdrks as

hrtmhds `k iukstrj jhtmvm`j`, ki `ktrmakitd `k dtrds ejhtdrks `k akidr

rmksld.

Ks ki kstj kstrjtklmj `di`k cds oukids prdeksmdijcks sdi hjpjhks `k

rk`uhmr cj mivkrsmi `k cds smstkajs `k sklurm`j` y kakrlkihmjs, jcc `di`k

skj pdsmock, pjrj quk cj jhtmvm`j` prdsmlj j cd cjrld `kc tmkapd.

?.:.? Kstrjtklmjs J`jptjtmvjs

^dr dtrd cj`d, sm iukstrj kaprksj, jui hdi uij `komcm`j` ki sus ak`m`js `k

sklurm`j` y kakrlkihmjs, tmkik cj dpdrtuim`j` `k jprdvkhbjr cjs iukvjs

tki`kihmjs `kc akrhj`d, sk puk`k jprdvkhbjr kstj hmrhuistjihmj pjrj trjzjr

ui pcji quk hdaomik jaojs hukstmdiks, ejvdrkhmki`d kc xmtd `k su

jpcmhjhmi. Ks `khmr, j`jptjads cds rkhursds jhtujcks j cds iukvds

jhditkhmamkitds skli vjyji surlmki`d.

?.:.8 Kstrjtklmjs @kekismvjs

Xm iukstrds rkhursds khdiamhds pkramtki ajitkikr jhtujcmzj`ds y omki

edraj`ds j cds rkhursds y smstkajs `k sklurm`j` y kakrlkihmj `k iukstrj

kaprksj, y j`kas sdi hjpjhks `k rkspdi`kr hdi rdtui`m`j` jitk

hujcqumkr smtujhmi `k jakijzj, pd`kads pcjitkjrids jpcmhjr kstk tmpd `k

kstrjtklmj, `j`d quk iukstrds rmkslds kstjri ojfd supkrvmsmi hditmiuj y ki

hjsd `k ajtkrmjcmzjrsk tki`rkads cjs bkrrjamkitjs ikhksjrmjs pjrj su

ikutrjcmzjhmi d, sm eukrj kc hjsd, amimamzjhmi `k cds `jds.

?.:.0 Kstrjtklmjs Dekismvjs

Xm j`kas `k iukstrj edrtjckzj ki ajtkrmj `k sklurm`j` y kakrlkihmjs sk

ids prkskitj uij dpdrtuim`j` `k euturd, tkikads cj sklurm`j` `k pd`kr

j`kcjitjrids j iukstrds hdapktm`drks hdivmrtmki`d ui omki mitjilmock hdad

ks cj sklurm`j` ki ui prd`uhtd `k hjcm`j` hdi rkspkhtd j iukstrds

hdapktm`drks.


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^lmij 8= `k 8>: Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz

?.? Hjpjhm`j`ks

@kitrd `k cj Xklurm`j` y cjs Kakrlkihmjs, kc hdihkptd `k hjpjhm`j`ks id

`memkrk `kajsmj`d `k su smlimemhj`d lkikrjc, yj quk vj cmlj`d j cjsejhuctj`ks y jptmtu`ks quk tmkik ui mi`mvm`ud, lrupd, kitm`j` d mistmtuhmi

pjrj `kskapkjr uij `ktkramij`j tjrkj d hdaktm`d y hdad ks clmhd, ki

iukstrd tkrrkid cd quk ids mitkrksj ks sjokr sm jcld d jclumki, puk`k bjhkr

jcld7 ki qu hmrhuistjihmjs puk`k bjhkrcjs y bjstj hui`d puk`k sklumr

bjhmi`dcj?5.

Kstjs hjpjhm`j`ks puk`ki skr auy vjrmj`js, juiquk ki cd hdihkrimkitk j

iukstrj ajtkrmj, ks hdi`mhmi smik quj idi quk cj pkrsdij kihjrlj`j `k

`mrmlmr cjs jhhmdiks `k sklurm`j` y kakrlkihmjs kst prdvmstj `k cjs

smlumkitks hjpjhm`j`ks6

?.?.: Jhtmtu` ^dsmtmvj

Ks ui kckakitd osmhd `k cj pkrsdijcm`j` y pdr tjitd su j`qumsmhmi pjrtk `k

iukstrj hdaprkismi `k cds jspkhtds psmhdsdhmjcks quk kilcdoji cjsjhtujhmdiks `k cds `kas, sdork td`d ki smtujhmdiks `k lrji kstrs hdad

sdi cjs kakrlkihmjs. Hdi kccj pd`rkads jerditjr akfdr iukstrds krrdrks, y

`keki`kr iukstrjs `khmsmdiks juiquk id tkilji skitm`d pjrj kc rkstd `k cds

mitkrvmimkitks.

Id `kokads dcvm`jr quk kstj jhtmtu` pdsmtmvj ks ikhksjrmd huctmvjrcj y

ajitkikrcj j cd cjrld `k td`j iukstrj hjrrkrj prdeksmdijc y sm j`kas cj

uimads j cj buamc`j`, pd`rkads skr hjpjhks `k lkstmdijr hujcqumkr

mihm`kitk quk sk ids prkskitk.

?5Jc mlujc quk cjs jpdrtjhmdiks sdork kc `ksjrrdccd buajid y cj khdidaj `kc omkikstjr `kJajrtyj Xki, cjs hjpjhm`j`ks puk`ki skr dtdrlj`js j cj pkrsdij, pkrd `kok hdivkrtmrsk ki

uij cmokrtj` pdsmtmvj, quk ks cj hjpjhm`j` rkjc `k uij pkrsdij `k skr d `k bjhkr jcld, kivkz `k cj cmokrtj` ikljtmvj.


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Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz ^lmij 0> `k 8>:

?.?.? Hjpjhm`j` k Xuodr`mijhmi

@kitrd `k hujcqumkr jhtmvm`j` d kaprksj, kxmstk uij drljimzjhmi

fkrjrqumzj`j ki ajydr d akidr ak`m`j, pdr tjitd smkaprk kstjrkadssuodr`mij`ds j jclumki pdr kihmaj `k idsdtrds. Ks prkhmsd rkhdr`jr quk cj

suodr`mijhmi id ks smiimad `k skrvmcmsad, smid, pdr kc hditrjrmd, ks cj

jhkptjhmi `k dr`kiks prdvkimkitk `k kstjakitds supkrmdrks cjs hujcks

`koki skr kfkhutj`js smi skr hukstmdij`js, pjrj kccd ks mi`mspkisjock quk

kxmstj uij hdiemjizj autuj, kitrk qumkiks kamtki cj dr`ki y qumkiks cj

rkhmoki y/d `koki huapcmrcjs, jpcmhji`d ksj dok`mkihmj `kom`j quk auhbjs

vkhks, j cj ajydrj `k cds skrks buajids, cks bjhk `u`jr.

?.?.8 Hjpjhm`j` k Aji`d

Cj sdhmk`j` smkaprk bj kitki`m`d kstj hjpjhm`j` hdad ui `dihdi kc hujc

sk ijhk y id sk bjhk, pdr tjitd su `kshuormamkitd ki cjs pkrsdijs skrj

auy `mehmc `k vjcdrjr ki smtujhmdiks `k jctd kstrs. ^dr kc hditrjrmd bjy

qumkiks hrkkads quk kstj hjpjhm`j` puk`k jprki`krsk y huctmvjrsk hdi kc

tmkapd, sdork td`d huji`d mimhmjads iukstrj hjrrkrj prdeksmdijc y ids tdhjskr idsdtrds qumkiks `mspdiljads `k r`kiks bjhmj jqukccds suodr`mij`ds

quk `kpki`ki `k idsdtrds pjrj rkjcmzjr omki sus euihmdiks d mihcusd sjcvjr

su vm`j y cj `k cds `kas.

^jrj kstjr hjpjhmtj`ds ki kc aji`d, sk `koki tkikr hmkrtds milrk`mkitks7

rkspktd, kapjtj, jhtmtu` pdsmtmvj, k`uhjhmi y sdork td`d jutdhditrdc

kadhmdijc, yj quk smi c id pd`rkads trjisamtmr trjiqumcm`j` y hditrdc kiksds adakitds `k hrmsms.


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^lmij 0: `k 8>: Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz

?.?.0 Hjpjhm`j` k cm`krjzld

Kitki`m`d hdad su vjrmjock hjrmsatmhj?


43/301


Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz ^lmij 0? `k 8>:

sk vkr erkij`d pdr cj `kshdiemjizj y cjs jhtmtu`ks ikljtmvjs quk

sdorkvukcji hujcqumkr drljimzjhmi.

?.?.5 Hjpjhm`j` k @khmsmi

Kstj hjpjhm`j` lujr`j auhbj rkcjhmi hdi kc rkspktd y cj hjpjhm`j` `k

aji`d quk bjyjads hdisklum`d `k iukstrds suodr`mij`ds. Jc amsad

tmkapd `kokads skr emkcks j iukstrjs `khmsmdiks y sjokr jhkptjr huji`d ids

kqumvdhjads, y hdrrklmrcd cd jitks pdsmock, pkrd smi sdaktkrsk j prksmdiks d

miecukihmjs kxtkrijs, smid as omki, pdr iukstrds hdidhmamkitds y

kxpkrmkihmjs j`qumrm`js j cd cjrld `k iukstrj trjykhtdrmj prdeksmdijc, pjrj cd

hujc smkaprk bjor uij prmakrj vkz, yj skj pjrj jhkrtjr hdad pjrj krrjr.

Xk jsuak, pdr tjitd, quk qumi tkilj quk tdajr `khmsmdiks?=, `kok skr

hjpjz `k rkhmomr y jijcmzjr td`j cj miedrajhmi `mspdimock, jpcmhji`d hdi

prkhmsmi cds hchucds rjhmdijcks y cj jpcmhjhmi prhtmhj `k kstj

jprdxmajhmi prkshrmptmvj7 `kidamij`j jicmsms `k cj `khmsmi, y quk

prdpdrhmdij uij osquk`j `k bkrrjamkitjs y aktd`dcdljs kspkhemhjs pjrj

jyu`jr j ksj tdaj `k `khmsmdiks.

Pd`js kstjs hjpjhm`j`ks puk`ki vkrsk rkedrzj`js hdi hdapktkihmjs, pjrj

cd hujc pd`kads jpcmhjr cj ccjaj`j tkdrj `kc mhkokrl, quk vmkik j `khmr

quk6 sm `ks`k cj supkremhmk `kc ajr `mvmsjads ui mhkokrl, scd kstjrkads

doskrvji`d cj dhtjvj pjrtk `k su tjajd rkjc, pdr cd tjitd, cd quk

hdidhkads d sdads hjpjhks `k jprkhmjr `k uij pkrsdij j prmakrj vmstj, ks

sdcd ui pkqukj pjrtk `k sus hdidhmamkitds, hjpjhm`j`ks y jptmtu`ks pjrjjerditjr cds rktds kstjockhm`ds ki ajtkrmj `k Xklurm`j` y Kakrlkihmjs.

?=

Okriduccm, @jimkc (:


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^lmij 08 `k 8>: Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz

Ks pdr kccd quk huji`d ccklukads jc jpjrtj`d `k`mhj`d jc jicmsms `k cjs

`mekrkitks prdeksmdiks, j prmdrm hdism`krj`js hdad Phimhds Hdapktkitks

`kitrd `k cj Idrajtmvj `k Jutdprdtkhhmi, cds Lrj`uj`ds ki Xklurm`j` y

Hditrdc `k _mkslds pjrtki hdi uij vkitjfj kvm`kitk jc bjokrsk mihuchj`dlrji pjrtk `k kstjs `k hjpjhm`j`ks j cd cjrld y jihbd `k su edrajhmi

jhj`amhj.

?.8 Ak`mds

Xmlumki`d hdi kc aomtd `k cj sklurm`j` y cjs kakrlkihmjs, hdism`krjads

quk cds ak`mds thimhds d buajids, sdi mistruakitds quk ids pkramtki

rkjcmzjr jhhmdiks hdihrktjs hdi ui emi prk`ktkramij`d, `di`k ki dhjsmdiks

kstk emi fustmemhj pdr s sdcd kc ak`md hdi quk cd jchjihkads. J kstk rkspkhtd

tkikads quk hdihrktjr cj ikhksm`j` `k jpcmhjr td`js jqukccjs idrajs huyd

emi kst kihjamij`d j kstjockhkr ui ajrhd furms`mhhmdijc quk ajrquk cjs

rklcjs `k fukld ki cjs lkstmdiks `k td`j drljimzjhmi, pjrj cd hujc sk bjhk

maprkshmi`mock quk kc rk`jhtdr `k cds ^cjiks `k Jutdprdtkhhmi, hdidzhj y

ajikfk hdi rmldr td`d kstk smstkaj `k rklucjhmi.

?.0 Mivkrsmi

Kstk tramid tmkik su drmlki ki cd khdiamhd y jpjrkhk `kitrd `k cds

aomtds `k cj lkstmi kaprksjrmjc, cjs emijizjs y cj ajhrdkhdidaj,

kxmstmki`d vjrmjs jhkphmdiks quk lujr`ji hmkrtj rkcjhmi hdi kc jbdrrd d cj

uomhjhmi `k hjpmtjc, juiquk su dofktmvd rkjc sk ojsk ki kc imad `k dotkikr

uids milrksds d rkitjs j cd cjrld `kc tmkapd.

Hdad vkrkads ki kc `ksjrrdccd `kc jpjrtj`d `k`mhj`d j cds Eui`jakitds `k

cj Idraj Osmhj `k Jutdprdtkhhmi, cj utmcmzjhmi `k bkrrjamkitjs hdad kc

_DXM (_ktdrid Xdork cj Mivkrsmi ki Xklurm`j`), `krmvj`d `kc hdidhm`d


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mi`mhj`dr emijihmkrd _DM (_ktdrid Xdork cj Mivkrsmi)8>, ks cj bkrrjamkitj

pkrekhtj pjrj fustmemhjr ki tramids dofktmvds, cjs mivkrsmdiks quk bjy quk

cckvjr j hjod, derkhmi`dck j cj @mrkhhmi `k uij kaprksj, ui prksupukstd

khdiamhd quk `kemki`j cj ikhksm`j` `k mapcjitjr ui ^cji `kJutdprdtkhhmi.

Kstk atd`d `k jicmsms8:sk jpcmhj pjrj m`kitmemhjr huitd jbdrrjrj d `kfjrj

`k pkr`kr uij kaprksj, lrjhmjs j ui smstkaj d prdykhtd `k sklurm`j` quk

amtmluk cds kekhtds hdrrkspdi`mkitks j tjcks mihm`kitks. @k kstj ajikrj, cj

rk`uhhmi ki cjs pr`m`js, ks hdism`krj`j ui okikemhmd d milrksd mi`mrkhtd,

juiquk id bjyj ui milrksd kekhtmvd6

_DXM 1 (JCK x _A - HMX) / HMX

JCK 1 Jiiujc Cdss Kxpkhtjihy (Kxpkhtjtmvj `k ^r`m`j Jiujc), tjaomi ccjaj`d _mksld `k

Kxpdsmhmi, ks kc rksuctj`d `k XCK x J_D.

_A 1 _mksld Amtmlj`d

HMX 1 Hdstk Mivkrsmi ki Xklurm`j`

XCK 1 Xmilck Cdss Kxpkhtjihy (Kxpkhtjtmvj `k ^r`m`j Xmapck)

J_D 1 Jiiujc _jtk de Dhhurrkihk (Pjsj `k Dhurrkihmj Jiujc)

Ki cj smlumkitk lremhj8? pd`kads vkr had `kok kxmstmr ui puitd `k

kqumcmormd kitrk cj mivkrsmi ki ak`m`js `k sklurm`j` y kc hdstk quk ids

supdi`rj cj ajtkrmjcmzjhmi `k ui suhksd. Jchjizjr kstk kqumcmormd id ks

ij`j ehmc, yj quk supdik jpcmhjr `mekrkitks eraucjs y atd`ds `k jicmsms

ki hdistjitk jhtujcmzjhmi.

8>^uccmja ^bmccmps, ^jtrmhmj7 ^bmccmps, Fjhg F. (?>>5). _kturi di Mivkstakit (_DM).JakrmhjiXdhmkty edr Prjmimil ji` @kvkcdpakit. pp. :2


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^lmij 0; `k 8>: Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz

Kstd ids hdiemraj bjstj `di`k pd`kads cckljr pjrj quk cj mivkrsmi ki

sklurm`j` id supkrk kc hdstk `k ui suhksd, js hdad su `krmvjhmi bjhmj cjs

hdokrturjs quk ids derkhki cjs jsklurj`drjs, kvmtji`d quk cj jhtmvm`j` sk

kihukitrk sdork-prdtklm`j d mierj-jsklurj`j.

Pjocj 8. Lremhj6 _kturi de Xkhurmty Mivkstakit

?.; Ajrhd Ckljc `k cj Jutdprdtkhhmi

@kitrd `k cj emcdsdej `k cj Jutdprdtkhhmi quk kstjads hdakitji`d, ks

eui`jakitjc kitrjr ki kc hditkim`d idrajtmvd pjrj hdiemrajr sm rkjcakitkkstk hdihkptd puk`k tkikr hjom`j `kitrd `k cjs actmpcks sjcm`js

prdeksmdijcks `k cds Lrj`uj`ds ki Xklurm`j` y Hditrdc `k _mkslds.

Xm doskrvjads kc jrthucd 0, `k cj Cky ?/:=2; `k ^rdtkhhmi Hmvmc, vkrkads

quk6 Pd`ds cds hmu`j`jids, j pjrtmr `k cj ajydrj `k k`j`, kstjri sufktds

j cj docmljhmi `k hdcjodrjr, pkrsdijc y ajtkrmjcakitk, ki cj prdtkhhmi hmvmc,

ki hjsd `k rkqukrmamkitd pdr cjs jutdrm`j`ks hdapktkitks (), cj docmljhmi

Eukitk6 kcjodrjhmi prdpmj j pjrtmr `k Jrthucd Phimhd `k MXJHJ. Xkrmk sdork Umsmi `k cj

Hdaputjhmi ki cj Iuok.Fucmd `k ?>:?. Wbttp6//www.msjhj.drlQ

Ujcdr()

Hdstk `kc mapjhtd jcprd`uhmrsk ui suhksd

()

Mivkrsmi ki ak`m`js`k Xklurm`j` ()

Aimaj Imvkc `k Xklurm`j` Axmaj
http://www.isaca.org/http://www.isaca.org/http://www.isaca.org/http://www.isaca.org/


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akihmdij`j sk hdihrktjr, eui`jakitjcakitk, ki kc huapcmamkitd `k cjs

ak`m`js `k prkvkihmi y prdtkhhmi pjrj pkrsdijs y omkiks kstjockhm`js pdr

cjs ckyks y cjs `mspdsmhmdiks quk cjs `ksjrrdccki, ki cj rkjcmzjhmi `k cjs

prhtmhjs dpdrtuijs y ki cj mitkrvkihmi dpkrjtmvj ki cjs smtujhmdiks `kkakrlkihmj quk cjs hmrhuistjihmjs rkqumkrji.

^dr tjitd, cj Cky `k ^rdtkhhmi Hmvmc `k :=2; `kemij cj docmljtdrmk`j` pdr

pjrtk `k cds hmu`j`jids j quk eukrji stds cds prmakrds ki jpcmhjr kstjs

ak`m`js, yj eukrj ki su okikemhmd prdpmd d ki ejvdr `k cds `kas. Cj

ikhksm`j` `k kstjockhkr ui hjtcdld pjrj td`d tmpd `k jhtmvm`j`ks,

sushkptmock `k prdvdhjr uij smtujhmi `k kakrlkihmj, js hdad `k cds

hkitrds, kstjockhmamkitds y `kpki`kihmjs quk ki kccjs sk rkjcmhki, tjaomi

vmkik rkeckfj`d ki kc jrt. ;, ki `di`k cds tmtucjrks `k cds hkitrds,

kstjockhmamkitds y `kpki`kihmjs d ak`mds jicdlds `k`mhj`ds j cjs

jhtmvm`j`ks hdaprki`m`js ki kc supukstd hjtcdld skri qumkiks kstjri

docmlj`ds j kstjockhkr cjs ak`m`js `k sklurm`j` y prkvkihmi ki ajtkrmj `k

prdtkhhmi hmvmc quk rklcjakitjrmjakitk sk `ktkramiki.

Jrthu cd ;, Cky ?/:=2; sd ork rdtkh hmi H mvm c .

:. Kc Ldomkr id kstjo ckhkr ui h jtcdl d `k cjs jhtmv m`j` ks `k td`d dr`ki quk

puk`ji `jr drmlki j uij smtujhmi `k kakrlkihmj, js hdad `k cds hkitrds,

kstjockhmamkitds y `kpki`kihmjs ki quk jquccjs sk rkjcmhki.

?. Cds tmtucjrks `k cds hkitrds, kstjockhmamkitds y `kpki`kihmjs d ak`mds jicdlds

`k`mhj`ds j cjs jhtmvm`j`ks hdaprki`m`js ki kc mi`mhj`d hjtcdld ks tj ri

doc mlj`d s j kstjockhkr cjs ak`m`js k s klurm`j` y prkvk ihmi ki ajtkrmj k

prdtkhh mi hmv m c quk rklcjakitjr mjakitk sk ktkrami ki.

Kstds hkitrds d jhtmvm`j`ks quk akihmdij cj Cky `k ^rdtkhhmi Hmvmc `k

:=2;, tkiji su kqumvjckihmj ki cj `krdlj`j Dr`ki `k ?= `k idvmkaork `k

:=20, pdr cj quk sk jprdo kc Ajiujc `k Jutdprdtkhhmi pjrj kc `ksjrrdccd

`kc ^cji `k Kakrlkihmj hditrj Mihki`mds y `k Kvjhujhmi `k Cdhjcks y

K`memhmds, js hdad cj skhhmi MU `kc hjptucd M `kc ttucd prmakrd `kc

_klcjakitd Lkikrjc `k ^dcmhj `k Kspkhthucds ^ocmhds y Jhtmvm`j`ks

_khrkjtmvjs, jprdoj`d pdr kc _kjc @khrktd ?2:5/:=2?, `k ?2 `k jldstd.


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^lmij 0< `k 8>: Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz

Kstj `krdljhmi vmid j hjrld `kc jhtujc _@ 8=8/?>>


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.>>> bjomtjitks, sk bji uim`d j dtrds quk s cd bjoji supkrj`d,

rkhurrmki`d j cj hrkjhmi `k ui Hdisdrhmd `k Kakrlkihmjs `mrmlm`ds pdr kcHjomc`d Misucjr `k cj hdrrkspdi`mkitk Mscj, y huyd aomtd `k jhtujhmi

vki`r `ktkramij`d pdr sus kstjtutds y hdivkimds (jrt. ;< y 2/?8 Wbttp6//kurdpj.ku/cklmscjtmdiTsuaajrmks/dtbkr/c?2>0


50/301


^lmij 0= `k 8>: Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz

smki`d cj hddpkrjhmi hdauimtjrmj qumki hdapcktj cjs jhhmdiks ijhmdijcks j

emi `k akfdrjr cj kemhjhmj `k cds prdlrjajs ijhmdijcks.

^jrj kccd sk kstjockhmkrdi hrmtkrmds d cikjs `k trjojfd hdi dofktmvdshcjrjakitk kemim`ds6

@msamiuhmi k cds rmkslds y cds `jds.

Akfdrjr cj edrajhmi `kitrd `k cj prdtkhhmi hmvmc.

_kedrzjr cj kemhjhmj `k cjs thimhjs `k mitkrvkihmi.

^rdadvkr cj jutdprdtkhhmi ak`mjitk cj miedrajhmi y skismomcmzjhmi

j cj pdocjhmi.

?.5 Hdihcusmdiks

]j hdidhkads pdr tjitd cjs `kemimhmdiks as mapdrtjitks quk sk mihcuyki ki

kc aomtd `k cj Xklurm`j` y cjs Kakrlkihmjs, mihcuyki`d tjaomi jspkhtdsquk pkramtmri jpcmhjr pdctmhjs `k Jutdprdtkhhmi ojsj`js ki kc

hdidhmamkitd y cj lkstmi `k cds rkhursds tjitd ajtkrmjcks hdad buajids,

js hdad cjs hjpjhm`j`ks `k jerditjr cjs smtujhmdiks `k rmksld y

kakrlkihmjs hdi cds ak`mds y kstrjtlmhjs skli hdivkilj.

Dtrd `k cds jspkhtds mapdrtjitks hdad ks cj mivkrsmi khdiamhj,

`mekrkihmj`j `kc ljstd ki tramids `k Xklurm`j` y Kakrlkihmjs, pkramtki

bjhkr vkr j cds `mrkhtmvds cj ikhksm`j` `k mivkrtmr ki kstjs ajtkrmjs,

fustmemhji`d js su mivkrsmi y bjhmi`dcks vkr quk kxmstk ui rktdrid

khdiamhd tjc y hdad vkrkads as j`kcjitk, fuitd hdi ui ajrhd ckljc quk

miecuyk ki auhbjs `k cjs `khmsmdiks quk ui ouki lkstdr `k Xklurm`j` y

Kakrlkihmjs `kok ajikfjr.


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Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz ^lmij ;> `k 8>:

HJ^P[CD MM.- ID_AJ OXMHJ @K

J[PD^_DPKHHMI KXPJPJC

:. Cj Idraj Osmhj `k Jutdprdtkhhmi

Hdad yj sk bj hdakitj`d, kc drmlki `k cj ccjaj`j jutdprdtkhhmi,

pd`kads kihditrjrcj ki cj prdpmj osquk`j `k sklurm`j` quk iukstrds

jitkpjsj`ds yj kfkrhji hdi jcld tji smapck hdad smtujr su culjr `k

`kshjisd ki cj zdij as mitkrij `k cjs hukvjs y drmkitj`js bjhmj cj pukrtj,pjrj tkikr uij vmsmi hcjrj jitk euturjs jakijzjs.

Auhbd as hkrhj ki kc tmkapd, ki iukstrd pjs, hdi kc hdamkizd `k cj

ccjaj`j Prjismhmi Kspjdcj `k cds jds y 2>, cj prmakrj vkz quk

jpjrkhk `k uij ajikrj hcjrj cj docmljhmi `k kcjodrjr pcjiks `k

kakrlkihmj `kitrd `k cj idrajtmvj kspjdcj, ks hdad hdiskhukihmj `mrkhtj

`kc mihki`md `kc Bdtkc Hdrdij `k Jrjli, dhurrm`d kc :? `k fucmd `k := pkrsdijs, auhbjs `k

kccjs amcmtjrks `k `mvkrsj lrj`ujhmi y sus ejamcmjrks, j`kas `k iuakrdsds

bkrm`ds, kitrk cjs quk sk kihditrjoj @dj Hjraki ^dcd (vmu`j `k Ehd.

Erjihd).

Euk kstj trjlk`mj cj quk prdpmhm cj jprdojhmi `k cj Dr`ki `k ?; `k

skptmkaork `k :=


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^lmij ;: `k 8>: Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz

mapdrtjitk. Kstj `kemimhmi `k cd quk hdidhkads hdad ^rdtkhhmi Hmvmc,

ajrh cjs ojsks quk docmljoji jc Ldomkrid j kstjockhkr ui hjtcdld `k

jhtmvm`j`ks quk pu`mkrji `jr drmlki j uij smtujhmi `k kakrlkihmj, js

hdad j cds tmtucjrks `k cds hkitrds, kstjockhmamkitds y `kpki`kihmjs dak`mds jicdlds `di`k sk rkjcmhki `mhbjs jhtmvm`j`ks, `mspdikr `k ui

smstkaj `k jutdprdtkhhmi `dtj`d hdi sus prdpmds rkhursds, pjrj jhhmdiks

`k prkvkihmi `k rmkslds, jcjraj, kvjhujhmi y sdhdrrd, y quk vmkik

rkhdlm`d ki cds jrthucds ; y 5 `k cj Cky ?/:=2; `k ?: `k kikrd, sdork

^rdtkhhmi Hmvmc, `di`k kstjockhk quk `mhbjs `mrkhtrmhks osmhjs ikhksjrmjs

pjrj su rklucjhmi, skri kstjockhm`js pdr kc prdpmd Amimstkrmd `kc Mitkrmdr j

prdpukstj `k cj Hdamsmi Ijhmdijc `k ^rdtkhhmi Hmvmc.

:.: Ajrhd Ckljc

As `k vkmitk jds `kspus `k ksj Cky `k ^rdtkhhmi Hmvmc, kitrj ki vmldr

ki ?>>< `k cj jhtujc Idrajtmvj `k Jutdprdtkhhmi (_@ 8=8/?>>


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Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz ^lmij ;? `k 8>:

Auhbjs `k kstjs `mspdsmhmdiks eukrdi cj ojsk mapucsdrj `k cj jhtujc

Idrajtmvj `k Jutdprdtkhhmi j imvkc ijhmdijc, huyjs Jhtmvm`j`ks `kitrd `kc

Jikxd MM `kc _@ sk japjrji ki uij idrajtmvj kspkhemhj. ^jrj ejhmcmtjr kstj

hdisuctj sk bj uomhj`d ki kc Jikxd MMM `k kstk `dhuakitd, uij hcjsmemhjhmi`k cjs idrajtmvjs skli kc tmpd `k jhtmvm`j`, y quk bj sm`d kxtrj`j `k cj

Luj Phimhj pjrj cj Kcjodrjhmi `k ^cjiks `k Jutdprdtkhhmi80. Js amsad,

j hditmiujhmi sk puk`k vkr, uij rkhdpmcjhmi ki dr`ki hrdidclmhd, `k

jqukccjs idrajtmvjs as mapdrtjitks y hdkxmstkitks, smi cjs hujcks

pd`rjads mihurrmr ki rkspdisjomcm`j`ks8;6

_kjc @khrktd 8>==/:=


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^lmij ;8 `k 8>: Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz

_kjc @khrktd `kc _klcjakitd `k Xklurm`j` pjrj ^cjitjs k

Mistjcjhmdiks Ermldremhjs.

_kjc @khrktd ?2:5/:=2? (@^), `k ?< `k jldstd, pdr kc quk sk jprukoj

kc _klcjakitd Lkikrjc `k ^dcmhj `k Kspkhthucds ^ocmhds y

Jhtmvm`j`ks _khrkjtmvjs. ODK i ?5


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Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz ^lmij ;0 `k 8>:

??5>0, `k 8 `k `mhmkaork, pdr kc quk sk jprukoj kc _klcjakitd

`k sklurm`j` hditrj mihki`mds ki cds kstjockhmamkitds miùstrmjcks.

_kjc @khrktd 20?/?>>? (U) `k ? `k jldstd, pdr kc quk sk jprukoj kc_klcjakitd kckhtrdthimhd pjrj ojfj tkismi.

_@ 8:?/?>>; (U), `k :2 `k ajrzd, pdr kc quk sk jprukoj cj

hcjsmemhjhmi `k cds prdùhtds `k hdistruhhmi y `k cds kckakitds

hdistruhtmvds ki euihmi `k sus prdpmk`j`ks `k rkjhhmi y `k

rksmstkihmj erkitk jc eukld.

_@ 8:0/?>>5, `k :< `k ajrzd (U), pdr kc quk sk jprukoj kc H`mld

Phimhd `k cj K`memhjhmi (HPK), mihcuyk kc @dhuakitd Osmhd `k

Xklurm`j` ki hjsd `k Mihki`md quk sustmtuyk j cj IOK H^M/=5.

_@ 8=8/?>>< (U), `k ?8 `k ajrzd, pdr kc quk sk jprukoj cj Idraj

Osmhj `k Jutdprdtkhhmi `k cds hkitrds, kstjockhmamkitds y

`kpki`kihmjs `k`mhj`js j jhtmvm`j`ks quk puk`ji `jr drmlki j

smtujhmdiks k kakrlkihmj.

Cky :: (U), `k ; `k jormc, `k jhtmvm`j`ks hcjsmemhj`js y

kspkhthucds pocmhds y dtrjs ak`m`js jàmimstrjtmvjs

hdapckakitjrmjs y su @KH_KPD 25/?>:8 (U), `k : `k jldstd, pdr kc

quk sk jprukoj kc _klcjakitd `k jhtmvm`j`ks hcjsmemhj`js y

kspkhthucds pocmhds, `kstjhji`d cj kxmlkihmj `k ui ^cji `k

Xklurm`j` ki cds hjsds `k hkckorjhmi `k kspkhthucds pocmhds.

Cjs smlumkitks idrajtmvjs lujr`ji rkcjhmi hdi cjs jhtmvm`j`ks kiajrhj`js

`kitrd `k cj cklmscjhmi osmhj6

_@ 258/:=2; (U), `k ? `k jormc, pdr kc quk sk jprukoj kc _klcjakitd

Lkikrjc `k Idrajs Osmhjs `k Xklurm`j` Amikrj y pdr sus

Mistruhhmdiks Phimhjs Hdapckakitjrmjs.


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^lmij ;; `k 8>: Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz

Dr`ki, `k :? `k ajrzd `k :==5 (U), pdr cj quk sk jprukoj kc

_klcjakitd Phimhd sdork Xklurm`j` `k ^rksjs y Kaojcsks.

_@ 550/:==< (U), `k :? `k ajyd, sdork cj prdtkhhmi `k cdstrjojfj`drks hditrj cds rmkslds rkcjhmdij`ds hdi cj kxpdsmhmi j

jlkitks omdclmhds ùrjitk kc trjojfd.

Cky :>/:==2 (@), `k ?: `k jormc, `k rksmùds.

_@ :?;0/:=== (A), `k :5 `k fucmd, y kc _@ =02/?>>; (U), `k ?= `k

fucmd, quk cd ad`memhj pdr kc quk sk jprukoji ak`m`js `k hditrdc `k

cds rmkslds mibkrkitks j cds jhhm`kitks lrjvks ki cds quk mitkrvmkiki

sustjihmjs pkcmlrdsjs. ODK i :2:/?>>;.

_@ :285/:=== (U), `k 8 `k `mhmkaork, pdr kc quk sk jprukoj kc

_klcjakitd sdork Mistjcjhmdiks Iuhckjrks y _j`mjhtmvjs.

_@ 8>: (U), `k 5 `k jormc pdr kc quk sk jprukoj kc _klcjakitd

`k jcajhkijamkitd `k prdùhtds quamhds y sus mistruhhmdiks

thimhjs hdapckakitjrmjs AMK-J^Z-:, AMK-J^Z-?, AMK-J^Z-8, AMK-

J^Z-0, AMK-J^Z-;, AMK-J^Z-5 y AMK-J^Z->8 (U), `k := `k skptmkaork, pdr kc quk sk

jprukoj cj @mrkhtrmz osmhj `k prdtkhhmi hmvmc pjrj kc hditrdc y

pcjimemhjhmi jitk kc rmksld `k jhhm`kitks lrjvks ki cds quk

mitkrvmkiki sustjihmjs pkcmlrdsjs, puocmhj`d ki kc ODK i ?0?/?>>8

Cky ?:/?>>8 (A), `k < `k fucmd, `k Xklurm`j` Jkrdpdrtujrmj y pdr cj

idrajtmvj mitkrijhmdijc Idrajs y _khdaki`jhmdiks `k cj

Drljimzjhmi `k cj Jvmjhmi Hmvmc Mitkrijhmdijc (DJHM) y ijhmdijc `k cj

@mrkhhmi Lkikrjc `k Jvmjhmi Hmvmc jpcmhjock.


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Kirmquk Pj`kd _d`rlukz ^lmij ;5 `k 8>:

Cky 02/?>>8 (@^), `k ?5 `k idvmkaork, `k rlmaki khdiamhd y `k

prkstjhmi `k skrvmhmds `k cds pukrtds `k mitkrs lkikrjc.

_@ :>0 (U), `k 8> `k kikrd, pdr kc quk sk jprukoj kc_klcjakitd Lkikrjc pjrj kc `ksjrrdccd y kfkhuhmi `k cj Cky =/?>>8,

`k ?; `k jormc, pdr cj quk sk kstjockhk kc rlmaki fur`mhd `k cj

utmcmzjhmi hdiemij`j, cmokrjhmi vdcuitjrmj y hdakrhmjcmzjhmi `k

drljimsads ad`memhj`ds lkitmhjakitk.

Dr`ki ^_K/?;?/?>>5 (U), `k 5 `k ekorkrd pdr cj quk sk jhtujcmzj cj

Mistruhhmi Phimhj Hdapckakitjrmj iakrd :> sdork prkvkihmi `k

jhhm`kitks lrjvks `kc _klcjakitd `k Kxpcdsmvds, jprdoj`d pdr kc _@

?8>/:==2 (@^), `k :5 `k ekorkrd.

_@ 58;/?>>5 (U), `k ?5 `k ajyd, sdork rkqumsmtds aimads `k

sklurm`j` ki cds tikcks `k hjrrktkrjs `kc Kstj`d.

:.? Dofktmvds

Hdad yj bkads hdakitj`d, kc ^cji `k Jutdprdtkhhmi jodr`j cj

m`kitmemhjhmi y kvjcujhmi `k cds rmkslds, cjs jhhmdiks y ak`m`js ikhksjrmjs

pjrj cj prkvkihmi y hditrdc `k cds amsads, js hdad cjs ak`m`js `k

prdtkhhmi y dtrjs jhtujhmdiks j j`dptjr ki hjsd `k kakrlkihmj (jrt.8.: `k

cj IOJ), pdr tjitd kitki`kads quk oushji jchjizjr cds smlumkitks dofktmvds6

Drljimzjr cds ak mds buajids y ajtkrmjcks `mspdimocks pjrj prkvkr cdsrmkslds `ktkhtj`ds y

LA NORMATIVA DE AUTOPROTECCIÓN Y EL TÉCNICO COMPETENTE (RD393/2007)

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Transcript of LA NORMATIVA DE AUTOPROTECCIÓN Y EL TÉCNICO COMPETENTE (RD393/2007)