Liquid Pendulum Presentation

7/21/2019 Liquid Pendulum Presentation

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A TRAP TOCATCH THE SUN


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Sonoluminescence:Sound into Light


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Sonofusion

http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2007/02/26/science/20070227_FUSION_GRAPHICSUB.html


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"A Mach number is associated with every shock wave. This

number represents the ratio of the shock wave to the ambient

speed of sound. The temperature behind a shock wave is

higher than that in front of it; the ratio of those temperatures isproportional to the square of the Mach number. For an

imploding air bubble, the Mach number approaches infinity as

the shock front moves closer to the focal point, which means

that a tremendous amount of heating takes place.Furthermore, when the shock hits the center and explodes

outward, the molecules that were behind the shock are

suddenly in front of it again. The hot molecules are hit a

second time, and their temperatures go up by another factor of

the square of the Mach number.

"Temperatures that can be reached by this mathematical

model are therefore unimaginably high.

Seth Putterman Sound into Light


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100x106K

Relativereac

tionrate

10 100 1000

Temperature million Kelvin

Deuterium-Tritium

Deuterium-Deuterium

Deuterium-Helium


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Prospects for initiation of thermonuclear fusion reactionswithin a sonoluminescing bubble were suggested when theoreticalsimulations of the SBSL phenomenon by Wu and Roberts showed

the existence of maximum bubble temperatures of the order of108K! These extreme temperatures were limited to a small regionof the bubble interior and were made possible by the launch of ashock wave within the already compressed gas. The shock focusesas it approaches the bubble centre and doubles its strength whenreflected from the origin.In an another study, Moss et al. showed that hydrodynamic

simulations of a collapsing bubble containing D2 and D2Ovapour provide the possibility for a small number ofthermonuclear DD fusion reactions in the bubble...Sonoluminescence and bubble fusion

Vijay H. Arakeri


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The LiquidPiston Concept


8/21The General Fusion Engine


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Liquid metal vortex

Electronically

synchronised

pneumaticpiston/hammers

A shock front is

launched as thesurface of the

liquid piston

exceeds the speed

of sound


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Diagrammatic representation of theGeneral Fusion engine


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Fusion Demonstrator


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The breakthrough to nett energy output happened in 2013 at theNational Ignition Facility in the US


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The LiquidPendulum Concept


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Gravitational field

Centrifugal field


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Bearing

Eccentric rotating at the

natural frequency of the

pendulum

Liquid pendulum

Rotating housing

Shock

chamber

Diagrammatic representation of theliquid pendulum engine

Flywheel


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With conventional sonoluminescence researchwith bubble diameters of approximately 50micron), Mach numbers of 4 have been measuredin the walls of imploding gas bubbles, along withplasma temperatures estimated to be at least100,000K. It is suggested that by increasing thescale by the proposed method, it may be possibleto generate Mach numbers in excess of 30.


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As the maximum temperature attained insonoluminescence is estimated to be a function ofthe fourth power of the Mach number, on thisbasis temperatures in the order of at least 100 x106K may be feasible. This is higher than can beattained by any other mechanism, and high enoughto be considered for initiation of fusion ofdeuterium.


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In the Liquid Pendulum Engine, the naturalfrequency of the oscillation of the system isproportional to the rotational velocity. The pistonis able to cycle at several hundred times persecond. This is at least two orders of magnitudegreater than that for the General Fusion conceptand hence the number of fusion reactionsrequired per cycle is reduced accordingly.Furthermore the energy may be delivered directlythrough the eccentric shaft rather than having togo through a Rankine cycle steam plant.

Possible Advantages of the Liquid Pendulum


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http://www.vortexengineer.com/[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Liquid Pendulum Presentation

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