Losas de Piso

7/27/2019 Losas de Piso

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C o n c r e t e F l o o r S y s t e m s D e s i g n G u i d e

G u i d e l i n e s f o r H i g h P e r f o r m a n c e S l a b - o n - G r a d e C o n s t r u c t i o n

The Euclid Chemical Company


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H o w t o u s e t h i s g u i d e

The Euclid Chemical Company originally developed thisfloor design guide in order to integrate current designstandards with proper construction practices and theselection of suitable materials. This updated editionreflects the current standards on floor slab constructionthat are found in ACI 302.1R-04, Guide for Concrete

Floor and Slab Construction. References to this documentare made throughout this guide if the reader wishesto consult the appropriate section of ACI 302 for moredetail. Recommendations on how to improve constructionpractices will be made where appropriate.

Many floors are designed and installed with highexpectations only to fail in service due to improper orinferior material selection. Quality products manufacturedby The Euclid Chemical Company are referenced in thisguide where appropriate and should be used for thepurposes specified.

This guide is useful to anyone involved with floor slabs,but the following will find it most beneficial:

Facility OwnersThe owner must live with the floor long after it has beeninstalled and accepted. This guide is useful for choosinga particular floor finish suitable for the owners operation.

Engineers/ArchitectsThe design professional will be able to find those itemsmost pertinent to the specification for a particular floortype. It will save time in quickly locating this information.

Contractors

The installer will find useful information on materialapplication and can use design parameters in situationswhere specifications are unclear or left up to thecontractors discretion. The guide will improve theprobability of achieving satisfaction with the final results.

Use of this guide is very straightforward and requiresfollowing a few simple steps:

Step 1: Go to the "Table of Floor Classifications" found onpage 2. Review the list of floor uses and service conditionsto determine the "class" of floor needed.

Step 2: Go to pages 3 and 4 and review the "Table ofDesign Parameters. This table provides a completereview of the design considerations for the class of floorbeing specified.

C o n t e n t s

How to Use this Design Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . Insi

Table of Floor Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Table of Design Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Base Concrete Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Surface Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Floor Application/Product

Admixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Synthetic Fibers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Special Floor Finishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Concrete Curing Compounds and Sealers . .

Joint Fillers and Sealants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

High Performance Coatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Concrete Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Building GreenThe LEED (Leadership in Energy & Environmental DGreen Building Rating System provides a national for defining an environmentally friendly, sustainabgreen building. Points are awarded to building based on water savings, energy efficiency, materia

indoor environmental quality.

The Euclid Chemical Company manufactures manyproducts that can contribute points toward the LEcertification of a building. These products are desiwith a symbol in the performance and usage chfurther information on an individual product for abuilding design, contact The Euclid Chemical Com

Every effort has been made to make this guide a utool. However, not every detail may be covered. Ifquestions arise or more information is required, pcontact your local Euclid sales representative or Th

Chemical Company.


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T a b l e o f F l o o r C l a s s i f i c a t i o n s1

1. See ACI 302.1R, Table 2.1.2 Class 8 floors are special cases for service conditions that fall under

Class AnticipatedType of Traffic

Use Special Considerations Final Finish

Single Course

1

Exposed surface foottraffic

Offices, churches,commercial, institutional,multi-unit residential

Decorative

Uniform finish, non-slip aggregatein specific areas, curing

Colored mineral aggregate, colorpigment or exposed aggregate,stamped or inlaid patterns, artisticjoint layout, curing

Normal steel-trowelenon-slip finish where

As required

2

Covered surface foottraffic

Offices, churches,commercial, multi-unitresidential, institutionalwith floor covering

Decorative

Flat and level slabs suitable forapplied coverings, curing.Coordinate joints with appliedcoverings

Light steel-troweled

4

Exposed or coveredsurface foot and lightvehicular traffic

Institutional andcommercial

Level and flat slab suitable forapplied coverings, non-slipaggregate for specific areas,curing. Coordinate joints withapplied coverings

Normal steel-trowele

5

Exposed surface industrial vehicular traffic,that is, pneumatic wheels,and moderately softsolid wheels

Industrial floors formanufacturing, processing,and warehousing

Good uniform subgrade, jointlayout, abrasion resistance, curing

Hard steel-troweled

6Exposed surface heavyduty industrial vehiculartraffic, that is, hard wheels,and heavy wheel loads

Industrial floors subjectto heavy traffic; may besubject to impact loads

Good uniform subgrade, jointlayout, load transfer, abrasionresistance, curing

Special metallic or maggregate surface harepeated hard steel-t

Two Course

3

Exposed or coveredsurface foot traffic

Unbonded or bondedtopping over base slabfor commercial ornon-industrial buildingswhere construction typeor schedule dictates

Base Slab good uniform levelsurface tolerance, curing

Unbonded topping bond-breaker on base slab, minimumthickness 3 in. (76 mm),reinforced, curing

Bonded topping properlysized aggregate, 3/4 in. (19 mm)minimum thickness curing

Base slab troweleunder unbonded topclean, textured surfabonded topping

Topping for expossurface, normal steel

finish. For covered sulight steel-troweled f

7

Exposed surface heavyduty industrial vehiculartraffic, that is, hardwheels, and heavywheel loads

Bonded two-course floorssubject to heavy traffic andimpact

Base Slab good uniformsubgrade, reinforcement, jointlayout, level surface, curing

Topping composed of well-graded all-mineral or all-metallicaggregate. Minimum thickness3/4 in. (19 mm). Mineral ormetallic aggregate surfacehardener applied to high-strength plain topping totoughen, curing

Clean, textured baseslab surface suitable subsequent bonded Special power floatstopping are optionasteel-troweled finish

82

As in Class 4, 5, 6 Unbonded toppings

on new or existing floorsor where constructionsequence or scheduledictates

Bond breaker on base slab,

minimum thickness 4 in. (102mm) abrasion resistance, curing

As in Class 4, 5 or 6

Single Courseor Topping

9

Exposed surface superflat or criticalsurface tolerance required.Special materials-handlingvehicles or roboticsrequiring specifictolerances

Narrow-aisle, high-baywarehouses; televisionstudios, ice rinks, orgymnasiums. Refer toACI 360 for designguidance

Varying concrete qualityrequirements, curingSpecial application proceduresand attention to detail arerecommended when shake-onhardeners are used. FF35 toFF125 (superflat floor)

Strictly follow finishtechniques as indicat302.1R-04, section 8.


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1. Minimum thickness should be checked against the design charts foin ACI 360 or in The Portland Cement Association publications.

2. Slumps are for concrete mixes containing an approved water-reduadmixture. Higher slumps may be achieved with the use of properlydesigned mixes containing the specified high-range water-reducingadmixture (superplasticizer). The optimum concrete workability shoudiscussed/resolved prior to the start of slab placement. A successful tplacement onsite is required to verify proper workability, finishability

setting time.

3. Admixtures will vary greatly depending on their composition and qcontrol. The required concrete quality with respect to acceleration, rewater content, degree of workability, early strength development, etbe discussed at the pre-job meetings. Most specifications require all ato be non-corrosive and non-chloride based to minimize the potentiasteel corrosion.

4. Air content in interior steel trowel surfaces shall be a maximum of(no air-entraining admixture added). Air content should be verified bmeter and unit weight tests.

T a b l e o f D e s i g n P a r a m e t e r s

Class

Concrete Parameters

28-Day CompressiveStrength

SuggestedMinimumThickness1

Slump2 Air Content4 Admixture

ACI ReferenceTable 6.1psi (MPa)

See ACI 360

Inch (mm)

Table 6.1

Inch (mm)

Section 6.2.3

Also see ACI 201.2R Section 5.7

1 Light Foot/Residential 3000 (20.7) 4" (102) 5" (127) Varies with exposure All types

2 Foot/Offices etc. 3000 (20.7) 4" (102) 5" (127) Varies with exposure All types

3 Foot, Pneumatic WheelExterior Walks & Drives 3000 (20.7) 4" (102) 5" (127) Varies with exposure All types

4 Foot & Light VehicularCommercial 3500 (24.1) 5" (127) 5" (127) Varies with exposure All types

5 Industrial PneumaticTraffic 3500 (24.1) 5" (127) 5" (127) Varies with exposure All types

6 Industrial Hard WheelTraffic 3500 (24.1) 6" (152) 5" (127)Varies no air withspecial surface

Non-chloridmetallic fin

7

Base 3500 (24.1) 5" (127) 5" (127)

VariesNon-chloridmetallic fin

Topping 5000 (34.5) 3/4" (19) 3 (76)

8 Topping 4000 (27.6) 2 1/2" (63) 3" (76) Varies Varies

9 Superflat 4000 (27.6) 5" (127) 5" (127) No air typically All types


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5. Contraction joints using an early-entry saw should be cut to a minimumdepth of 1. Saw-cut joints should be 1/4 of the slab depth using wet or dryconventional saw-cut methods. A semi-rigid joint filler should be installed tosupport joint edges (See ACI 302, Section 3.2, 5.12, 9.10) where the joint isexposed to small hard wheeled traffic and/or continual traffic or has exhibited

joint breakdowns in a similar existing facility.

6. Bonded toppings should be cut to 1/2 the topping thickness directly overthe joints in the base slab (see ACI 302, Section 8.7.2).

7. Self-leveling underlayments and toppings are not covered by ACI 302, butare commonly used for restoring smoothness and levelness to deficient floors.

T a b l e o f D e s i g n P a r a m e t e r s

4

Joints Special Surfaces SurfaceFinishes

andTextures

Curing Sealingand

ProtectionIsolation Contraction5 Construction SurfaceHardeners

Toppings

Section3.2.5.1

Section3.2.5.3

Section3.2.5.2

Section8.6 and 8.13

Section8.7

Section8.3 8.13

Section9.1 and 9.2

Expansion jointfillers at walls andfootings allrestraint points

Tooled or sawed10 to 12 (3 to3.6 m) on centertypically

Thickened edgeswith 1 to 5 slope5 (1.5 m) apart

N.A. Self-levelingunderlayment orfinish course7

Troweled smooth Membrane Water Polyethylene Curing Paper

Acrylic Urethane Epoxy Penetrants

Same as Class 1 Same as Class 1 Same as Class 1 Non-slip (mineral)aggregate

Colored shakes Light reflective

shakes

Same as Class 1 Troweled smooth Broomed Floated Exposed

aggregate

Same as Class 1 Same as Class 1

Same as Class 1 Tooled or sawedat intervals equalto slab widths

Same as Class 1 Same as Class 2 N.A. Same as Class 1 Same as Class 1 Acrylic Penetrants

Same as Class 1with blockoutsaround columns

Sawed spacing infeet 2-3 times slabthickness in inches

Doweled and/orKeyed

Same as Class 2 Same as Class 1 Troweled smooth Same as Class 1 Same as Class 1

Same as Class 4 Same as Class 4 Same as Class 4 Same as Class 2 N.A. Troweled hard Same as Class 1 Same as Class 1

Same as Class 4 Same as Class 4 Same as Class 4 Metallic shakes Silica shakes Non-slip

aggregate Light reflective

shakes

N.A. Troweled hard Same as Class 1 Same as Class 1

Same as Class 4 Same as Class 46 Same as Class 4 Natural ormetallic shakesover topping

Natural aggre-gate topping

Metallic aggre-gate toppingTroweled hard

Same as Class 1 Same as Class 1 See appropriateclass

See appropriateclass




Natural aggregatetopping


Same as Class 1 See appropriateclass

Same as Class 4 Same as Class 4 Same as Class 4 Same as Class 6 See Class 7 or 8 ifappropriate

Troweled hard Same as Class 1 Same as Class 1


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Production of a quality concrete slab requires propertechniques and adequate planning. The following keyareas have been identified as the most critical to achievinga satisfactory result. References to ACI Guide for ConcreteFloor and Slab Construction are given where appropriate.

1. SubgradeThe subgrade must be properly compacted and drained inorder to give the bearing support assumed in design. Withoutsupport, the slab has little chance of supporting design loads(Section 3.1). Maximum deflection under a fully loaded readymix truck should be 1/2 (13 mm).

2. Vapor Barrier/Vapor RetardersAny slab-on-ground that will be covered by materials such aslinoleum, wood, carpet, and non-breathable coatings should beprotected from the transmission of moisture and vapor upwardthrough the slab from sources in the base and sub-base.

Vapor barriers and vapor retarders are used to minimizemoisture and vapor transmission. ASTM E 1745 listsperformance requirements for plastic vapor retarders. Thetype of vapor barrier/retarder selected is based on the amountof protection required and the moisture sensitivity of the floorcovering to be installed. Vapor barriers/retarders can be placeddirectly beneath and in contact with the concrete slab, or alayer of granular fill may be installed between the concreteand the barrier/retarder. Direct placement of concrete ontop of a vapor barrier can contribute to problems such asplastic and drying shrinkage cracking and curling.

Each vapor barrier/retarder installation should be evaluatedon an individual project basis. Figure 3.2 in ACI 302 shouldbe used to assist in making decisions regarding vapor barrier/retarder placement. Low w/cm mixes are often used to reducethe time required for the concrete to reach a moisture levelsuitable for an adhesive application.

3. Contraction (Control) Joint LocationContraction joints are normally located on column lines withadditional intermediate joints located equally spaced betweencolumn lines. See Figure 3.3 of ACI 302 for details. There areseveral factors to consider when designing the spacing ofcontraction joints including the thickness of the slab, locationand type of reinforcement, potential for slab shrinkage,and many others. In unreinforced slabs, contraction jointsshould be spaced in feet, 2 - 3 times the slab thickness up to amaximum of 18 ft. Spacing in reinforced slabs can be slightlyincreased beyond the recommendation for unreinforced slabswhen a low shrinkage mix design is used. Dowel baskets can beused to give support to joint dowels and maintain alignment.Often, structural fibers are used in these slabs to hold cracks

tight. Consult ACI 360R for specific details regarding designand spacing of contraction joints.

4. Construction JointsConstruction joints are used where individual concreteplacements meet. Each joint should be located at least 5 ft.(1.5 m) or more from any other joint to which it is parallel.

If hard-wheeled traffic or heavy loads are expected to travelover construction joints, dowels are recommended to tie theslabs together so that both sides of the joint are displacedequally when under load. Dowels can be round, square,

rectangular, or diamond-shaped. Diamond dowels arecommended for construction joints as they have min four directions. Round dowels are not as effectiverestricting curling because of the installation procedwhich results in a sleeve, or larger than desirable cathere is no movement allowed in the direction perpto the dowels. Dowels should be properly aligned aso that the joint can open as the concrete shrinks. Sshould be provided to dowels during the concrete pand finishing operations so that they remain paralleplanes (horizontal and vertical).

Keyed joints do not provide effective load transfer, should not be used in areas of heavy traffic loads.

5. Isolation JointsPreformed joint materials are used to create isolatiobetween the floor and walls, columns, equipment fofootings, drains and other separate building membe

joints allow for freedom of movement of the floor iof these building elements. Figures 3.4, 3.5, and 3.6 illustrate the different types of isolation joints used.

6. AdmixturesAdmixtures are used to effect a specific improvemenproperties of freshly mixed or hardened concrete. Ashould be used in accordance with the instruction an

provided in ACI 212.1R and 212.2R with attention to guidelines for chloride limits given in ACI 302.1R-04, S(also check recommendations on chloride limitationsand ACI 318). Testing should be performed to deterthe admixture(s) will affect the properties of the conthe specified job materials, as well as the anticipatedand construction procedures. Often, admixtures are combination with one another. A second admixturesignificantly affect the dosage requirement of both aPreliminary tests are recommended to ensure the opdosage of each admixture. Successful placements onverify proper workability, finishability and setting ti

It is important to consult the manufacturer andapplicable MSDS for specific material handling, dosa

and application instructions.

Admixture(s) that are used in concrete should meet appropriate specifications (see page 7 of this guide)

7. Air EntrainmentProper air entrainment is required for exterior slabs freeze/thaw cycles and de-icing salts (Section 6.2.3). for interior industrial slabs, air entrainment is not dbecause of adverse effects on finishability and difficapplying surface hardeners. Air content should not 3% for these types of slabs.

B a s e C o n c r e t e P l a c e m e n t

5


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8. Synthetic FibersSynthetic fibers for use in concrete floors increase thecohesiveness of concrete and should meet the requirementsoutlined in ASTM C 1116. The most widely used syntheticfibers are polypropylene and nylon, although other types areavailable. Fibers are generally available in both fibrillatedand monofilament forms. Structural macro-fibers (larger coarsefibers) can be used to provide equivalent post-crack strengthto conventional reinforcement depending on the specificfiber dosage (see page 8 of this guide for further information).Synthetic macro fibers can also be used to reduce plasticshrinkage cracks as well as minimizing drying shrinkage crackswhen used in a low shrinkage mix (0.04% @ 28 days or less).Synthetic micro-fibers, polypropylene and nylon, are mostwidely used to reduce the formation of plastic shrinkagecracks and to hold cracks tight.

9. Placing SequenceIn many cases, the most efficient way to place concrete inlarge areas is in long alternating strips. Strip placements allowsuperior access to the sections being placed. A checkerboardsequence of placement has been used in the past in an effortto permit earlier placements to shrink, and to obtain minimumjoint width. However, experience has shown that shrinkage ofthe earlier placements occurs too slowly for this method to beeffective. Access is more difficult and expensive, and joints maynot be as smooth. The ACI 302 committee recommends thatthe checkerboard sequence of placement not be used. It isimportant to note, large block placements, up to two bayswide, are often used on laser screed projects.

10. BleedingExcessive bleeding is a major deterrent to achieving qualityslab surfaces. Proper concrete mix proportioning, the use of awell graded aggregate with a water reducing admixture and/ora high range water reducing admixture (superplasticizer), alongwith low water content and normal setting characteristicscontribute to quality results. Additionally, controlled vibrationand slump, the use of compactible fill as a blotter over vaporbarriers and concrete temperature controls help alleviate thisproblem. Collected bleed water should be removed before thestart of finishing operations or the application of dry shakesurface hardeners or toppings (Section 8.16).

11. EvaporationRapid evaporation and moisture loss can result in plasticshrinkage cracking in the slab surface. This undesirableappearance can be minimized or prevented by dampeningthe subgrade, cooling water and aggregates, using windbreaksor sunshades, eliminating vapor barriers, using fog sprays,and/or treating the concrete with a monomolecular film justafter bullfloating (Section 11.2.2.1). EUCOBAR, manufacturedby The Euclid Chemical Company, is recommended where amonomolecular film is desired.

12. Surface Tolerances (Based on ACI 302, Section 8.15)In the past, floor profile quality had been specified bylimiting the size of the gap measured under a 10 ft. (3 m)long straightedge placed anywhere on the floor. Today, theFace Floor Profile, or F-number system provides a moreaccurate method for specifying, executing, and measuringthe surface tolerance of a floor.

Two separate F-numbers are required to define the shapeof the worst acceptable floor profile:

1. The flatness F-number, FF, controls the floor surfacebumpiness by limiting the magnitude of successive 1 ft. (0.30m) slope changes measured on a pre-determined line. Flatnessis usually controlled by construction methods and finishingtechniques. The highway straightedge and pan floatsare pieces of equipment often used to ensure floor flatnessduring finishing operations.

2. The levelness F-number, FL, defines the relative conformityof the floor surface to a horizontal plane as measured overa 10 ft. (3 m) distance. Levelness is controlled by precise

forming, or by the use of a laser screed.

The F-number pair is always written in order FF/ FL. In theory,the range of flatness and levelness F-numbers extend fromzero to infinity. However, in practice these numbers usually falbetween 12 and 45. The minimum FF/ FL values should neverbe less than FF13 / FL10, since these numbers represent theworst local results to be expected from any concrete floorconstruction method. A more detailed discussion of floorflatness/ levelness is given in ACI 117.

Although less definitive results are obtained with the 10 ft.(3 m) straightedge, this method is occasionally used. When usedthe 10 ft. (3 m) freestanding unleveled 10 ft. (3 m) straightedgewould be placed anywhere on the slab within 72 hours after

slab concrete placement. The gap at any point between thestraightedge and the floor should not exceed the following:

ClassificationConventional

Bullfloated 1/2 in. (13 mm)Straightedged 5/16 in. (8 mm)

Flat 3/16 in. (4.8 mm)Very flat 1/8 in. (3.2 mm)

The range of floor tolerances being achieved is evidentafter several floor placements by the contractor. A changein technique termed restraightening using a 10 ft. or 12 ft.(3 or 3.6 m) highway straightedge has increased the floorflatness from 30% to 50%. The timing and number ofrestraightening operations necessary to achieve the specifiedrequirements varies. ACI 302 tables 8.1 and 8.2 providetypical composite FF/ FL values for various constructionand finishing methods.

6


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Modern admixtures can provide a range of benefits includingwater reduction, paste reduction, and therefore, reducedshrinkage, improved workability, finishability and overallquality, increased resistance to freeze/thaw cycles and sulfateattack, acceleration or retardation of setting, and control ofstrength development. This section is intended as a practicalguide to the types of chemical admixtures that are availableand offers general guidance on their use and application inmodern concrete construction.

ASTM C 494 and AASHTO M 194 are the industry specificationscovering the general and physical properties of the seventypes (Types A - G) of chemical admixtures. Air entrainingadmixtures are specified separately in ASTM C 260 andAASHTO M 154, while superplasticizers should meet therequirements of ASTM C 1017.

The Euclid Chemical Company offers a full line of EUCONhigh performance concrete admixtures. Additional informationon these products can be obtained by calling The EuclidChemical Company.

Accelerators - ASTM C 494, Types C & EAccelerating admixtures speed up hydration, and are addedto concrete either to shorten the setting time, increase therate of early strength development, or both. Accelerators canimprove finishability as well. Set-accelerators are primarilyused in cold weather concreting to counteract the slowingeffect of cold temperatures on hydration. They are also usedin normal temperatures where early set or strength is requiredsuch as early formwork stripping, or to allow more immediatestructural use following repairs. Because of problemsassociated with chloride-induced corrosion, a non-calciumchloride admixture should be used in concrete when riskfactors associated with chloride corrosion are present(Section 5.7.3). Check with your local Euclid Chemicaladmixture representative to find the right non-chloride

accelerator to use.

Retarders - ASTM C 494, Types B & DSet-retarding admixtures relieve many of the difficultiesinvolved in placing and finishing concrete in a range ofdifficult conditions, and are especially beneficial in warmweather construction. Retarders delay the hydration of cementwithout affecting the long-term mechanical properties. As aresult, they are most commonly used to counteract the effectof high temperatures which decrease setting times, or where adelay in setting time is required to ensure sufficient placement,vibration or compaction time, such as in long hauls, long waittimes and undermanned placement crews. Retarders are alsopopular in prestressed applications to keep concrete workablethroughout the length of the vibrating operation and to allow

the use of high-temperature curing without affecting theultimate strength of the concrete.

Air Entrainers - ASTM C 260Air entraining admixtures help develop a proper air voidsystem within concrete, which will increase the freeze-thawdurability and scaling resistance of concrete. The use of airentraining admixtures enhances workability during placement,and also reduces bleeding and segregation of fresh concrete.Air entrainers should be used when there is the risk ofexposure to freeze/thaw conditions, deicing salts or sulfate

attack, but floors receiving dry shake hardeners sholess than 3% air content to avoid delamination.

Water Reducers

Conventional Water Reducers - ASTM C 494, Typeare used to lower concretes water content withoworkability or compromising strength. Water redalso known to improve the quality of concrete in freeze/thaw resistance and durability. Conventionreducers produce a minimum 5% water reductionincrease slump 1-1/2 to 2 in. (40 - 50 mm) withoutaddition of water.Mid Range Water Reducers can typically produce water reduction without excessive set retardationover a wider range of temperatures, mid-range wreducers are known to have more consistent settiand are most effective in a designed slump rangein. (130 - 180 mm). Benefits include outstanding sgain, enhanced workability, finishability and concdurability, especially in concrete exposed to salt otemperatures. Concrete containing mid range wacan be pumped and placed at much higher slumpuntreated concrete without increasing water conHigh Range Water Reducers (HRWRs) -ASTM C 494, Types F & G or superplacticizers are class of water reducers for very low water to cemratios with slump ranges of 6 to 10 in. (150 - 255 to produce very flowable concrete. HRWRs are claccording to their water content reduction capaccan range from 12% to as much as 40%.

Specialty AdmixturesSpecialty admixtures address the needs of particulaapplications for specific markets. Contact The EuclidCompany for information on specialty admixtures in

Alkali-Silica Reactivity ControlAlkali-silica reactivity (ASR) is a chemical reaction thbetween reactive silica in certain types of concrete aand cement alkalis in the presence of water. This recauses the formation of a compound that surroundaggregates, absorbs water and swells. This creates ipressure that can lead to cracking and deteriorationconcrete. If it is known that reactive aggregate will in a concrete mix, the use of a lithium nitrate admixas EUCON INTEGRAL ARC will prevent damaging AS

If an ASR problem has been identified on an existinlithium nitrate surface treatment, EUCO ARC TREATbe used to halt the process and reduce the expansiocracking associated with ASR.

The Euclid Chemical Company manufactures a wideof high quality admixtures and provides technical sfor applications involving the use of these productsmore information on EUCON admixtures, contact TChemical Company.

A d m i x t u r e s

7

Corrosion Control Viscosity Modifiers Silica Fume Alkali Silica Reactivity Control

Cement Stabi Anti-Washout Shrinkage Red


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S y n t h e t i c F i b e r s

In North America, use of synthetic fiber reinforced concretehas increased in pre-cast, shotcrete, slab-on grade and toppingapplications. Synthetic fibers can increase the tensile straincapacity of plastic concrete, which tends to reduce the formationof plastic shrinkage and settlement cracks at the surface and canalso provide toughness or load carrying capacity to concretedepending on the fiber quantity and type. The use of synthetic

micro and macro-fibers in concrete can often greatly improvethe overall durability and long-term performance of concretestructures. Synthetic fibers are described in Section 5.9.3.

The design of slabs on grade have traditionally beenperformed whereby the concrete thickness resists theimplied loads and reinforcing is supplied to resist anystresses due to plastic and temperature induced shrinkage.Secondary reinforcing can be supplied by the use of syntheticmicro-fibers which are available in monofilament andfibrillated forms of polypropylene and monofilamentpolyester fibers from The Euclid Chemical Company underthe product line name FIBERSTRAND. It has been shown thatthe use of these fibers can reduce the formation of plasticshrinkage cracking in concrete by as much as 88% at fiber

dosages ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 lbs/yd

3

(0.3 0.9 kg/m

3

).

For providing a fiber reinforced solution equivalent instrength to specified steel, the use of a synthetic macro-fibermay be warranted. This can be accomplished with the useof Euclids TUF-STRAND SFTM, a patented, self-fibrillatingpolypropylene / polyethylene fiber blend specificallyengineered to be a direct replacement to steel fibers,welded wire fabric and light gage steel reinforcing forslabs on grade. To provide equal performance, a syntheticmacro-fiber reinforced alternative must provide the samepost-crack tensile strength as the specified steel fiber, weldedwire fabric or light reinforcing bar configuration.

With regards to selecting an appropriate TUF-STRAND SF fiber

dosage, each project must be treated individually. These fibersare generally used in pre-cast concrete, shotcrete applicationsand floor or slab on grade construction in quantities rangingfrom 3.0 to 20 lb/yd3 (1.8 to 11.5 kg/m3). Pre-cast concrete andshotcrete applications will be provided with fiber dosagesto match the required bending moment capacities of existingconcrete designs. Slabs on grade will be analyzed as eithera structural or non-structural element with respect to

reinforcing. Non-structural slabs will be provided with a fiberdosage based on equivalent or minimum PCA requirements tospecified steel. For structural slabs on grade, the subgrademodulus, concrete flexural strength, vehicle, post and rack,and forklift loads will be computed by The Euclid Chemical

Companys proprietary design software to calculate a fiberdosage satisfying ultimate limit states design. The software canthen be used to optimize slab thickness versus fiber dosage.

Synthetic micro and macro-fibers are ideally suited to arange of applications including elevated and on-ground slabs,parking structures, pavements, bridge decks, pre-cast structureand shotcrete applications.

All Euclid Chemical Company synthetic micro and macro-fibersmeet or exceed the requirements of ASTM C 1116 whichdefines Type III Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Concrete orShotcrete. This standard requires documentary evidenceconfirming fibers long term resistance to deteriorationwhen in contact with the moisture and alkalies present in

cement paste or the substances present in air entrainingand chemical admixtures.

8


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S p e c i a l F l o o r F i n i s h e s

9

Dry shake floor hardeners come in mineral aggregate andmetallic varieties. The selection of a dry shake hardener isdependent on the specific solution intended for the particularapplication. Floor hardeners provide a dense, tough surfacecapable of withstanding the abrasion and impact loading seenby floor slabs in a wide range of commercial, industrial andmanufacturing facilities. Dry shake hardeners provide 2 to 8times the abrasion resistance of plain, cured concrete. Mostmanufacturers offer hardeners in a range of colors.

Metallic floor hardeners are formulated with graded, non-oxidizing or oxidizing metallic aggregate in a high strengthcementitious binder. Mineral hardeners contain a mixture ofwell graded, non-metallic aggregates, plasticizer and cementbinder. Both are recommended for use in either interior orexterior applications where a hard, long wearing, heavy dutyfloor is required. Metallic hardeners should not be appliedto concrete with intentionally added chloride.

Non-oxidizing metallic and mineral aggregates come in a lightreflective version designed to increase reflectivity to improvelighting levels. In combination with providing increasedabrasion resistance, this type of dry shake floor hardener canboost reflectivity in excess of 60%. Benefits can include lowerelectrical requirements and fewer light fixtures resulting insignificant cost savings.

The use of embedded mineral or metallic hardenerusually intended for industrial floors exposed to mor heavy traffic. In some cases, floor hardeners are where impact resistance is required. The manufacturecommendations should be followed along with tprocedures described in Section 8.6.

Accordingly, dry shake floor hardeners should be enear the top surface of the slab to obtain the requhardness, toughness and impact resistance. It is recthat the total air content of normal weight concretnot exceed 3% except when service conditions expconcrete to freeze/thaw cycling and the slab is not finished. Consult the manufacturer and ACI for speinstallation guidelines since these vary slightly betwmetallic and mineral hardeners due to differences properties. In general, it is advised that good constpractices be followed. This includes obtaining flat asurfaces and joints, using proposed mix proportionwhen installing test panels or placements and makrequired adjustments at that time. A concrete mix review should be conducted prior to installation ofshake floor hardener with all appropriate parties pIssues such as air content, use of blended cements, admixtures, and placing and finishing techniques sdiscussed and agreed upon before the project begi


11/18

S p e c i a l F l o o r F i n i s h e s

1 Non-oxidizing metallic dry shakes provide an aesthetic appearanceideal for architectural concrete.

Proper curing of dry shake floor hardeners is critical to maximize the

full potential of the floor. There are several options for curing. Thebest choice depends on the intended use of the floor. If a one-stepcuring and sealing is desired, a high solids acrylic product such asSUPER DIAMOND CLEAR (solvent-based) or SUPER AQUA-CURE VOX

(water-based) should be used. For an exceptionally dense surfaceand increased wear resistance, cure the floor with a dissipating andremovable curing compound such as KUREZ DR VOX and seal with

EUCO DIAMOND HARD .

When appearance is a concern, sheet curing of dry shake hardeners isnot recommended, as surface discoloration and mottling can occur.

10

PRODUCT USAGE CHART FOR DRY SHAKE FLOOR HARDENERS

Product Name Application Rate Typical Applications

minimumpounds persquare ft.(kg/m2)

maximumpounds persquare ft.(kg/m2)

Warehou

se/Distribution

Floors

Loading

Docks

Processin

gPlants

Industria

lFloors

AircraftHangars

RetailFloors/

Showroo

ms

Pedestrian

Traffic

METALLIC

1DIAMONDPLATE

1.0 (4.9) 2.5 (12.2) N N N N

1DIAMONDPLATE LIGHTREFLECTIVE

1.0 (4.9) 2.5 (12.2) N N N N N

EUCO FLATPLATE

1.0 (4.9)Up to 2.5(12.2)

N N

EUCO PLATEHD

1.5 (7.3)Up to 3.0(14.6)

N N N N

EUCO PLATEHD LIGHTREFLECTIVE

1.5 (7.3)Up to 3.0(14.6)

N N N N N

MINERAL

SURFLEX 0.5 (2.4) 2.0 (9.8) N N N N N N

LIGHTREFLECTIVESURFLEX

1.0 (4.9) 2.5 (12.2) N N N N N N

SURFLEX TR 0.75 (3.7) 2.0 (9.8) N N N N

NON-SLIPAGGREGATE

1.0 (4.9) 1.0 (4.9) N N


12/18

C o n c r e t e C u r i n g C o m p o u n d s a n d S e a l e r s

CHART RATING SYSTEM

Recommended (RD) - The product is primarily designed for this application.Acceptable (AC) - The product may be used in this application but might expchange in appearance or reduced service life in certain situations. (In most cbe a product offered that may be better suited for the particular applicatioNot Recommended (NR) - The product is not recommended for this applicatExcellent (E) - The product is unaffected when exposed indefinitely to the penvironment.Good (G) - The product shows functional performance when exposed to theenvironment but may exhibit some discoloration or show a slightly reduced Poor (P) - The product does not normally show acceptable performance whethis environment. Another product should be selected.

USAGE CHART CRITERIA

Interior - Primarily industrial or commercial floor slab areas not exposed to dor freeze/thaw cycles.Exterior - Concrete exposed to the elements (may include interior concrete etemperature fluctuations (freezer floors) or an area near an exit (loading doArchitectural - Concrete (interior or exterior) where the appearance of the cis a design consideration (includes stamped concrete, acid stained concrete, concrete, and integrally colored concrete).

SUNLIGHT/ULTRAVIOLET RESISTANCE - UV rays that make up a portion of suthe resin materials in some curing compounds and sealers, when exposed toand some types of interior lighting. Some products may discolor, and othersdisintegrate over time.

BLUSH RESISTANCE - Some sealers, when exposed to high humidity or contiwill discolor and/or show a milky appearance. Though the sealing capacityis not normally reduced, the appearance is usually less than desirable.

ABRASION RESISTANCE - The profile indicates relative wear resistance whenother products on the selection guide. The test used for the comparison was(Taber Abrader), which is generally considered a good indicator of resistancewheeled traffic.

Liquid densifiers can be used to increase the durabilitwell designed and properly placed concrete floor, or aremedial treatment on concrete surfaces that are softLiquid densifiers are based on silicoflouride, silicate otechnology compounds that react to form extremelycrystalline minerals within the open pores and capillaconcrete surface. Siliconates provide a liquid repellentsurface and are best when blended with silicates to p

surface densifying and sealing. A concrete floor treatea silicate-siliconate densifier will develop an attractiveover time. Silicoflourides are used to improve the cona deficient concrete slab that is soft or dusting by chegluing the loose particles together within the concr

It is important to note that liquid densifiers should noto take the place of natural or metallic aggregate floowhen exceptional abrasion resistance is required. Policoncrete floors with specialized diamond grinding eqand a liquid densifier as the polishing medium is becopopular method to both improve the appearance andthe density of a concrete floor.

Why do well designed concrete floors dust? Factors t

contribute to this problem include:

Finishing while bleed water or condensation moion the surface

Insufficient curing or no curing Using gasoline powered equipment (heaters, gen

mixers) in the vicinity of new concrete without pventilation

Inadequate protection of freshly placed concrete rain, snow, or drying wind

11

Concrete Curing Compounds and SealersCuring is the process of maintaining a sufficient amount ofmoisture in the concrete to promote proper cement hydrationand strength gain. Properly cured concrete is more durable andresistant to freeze-thaw damage, and is less susceptible todusting, scaling, and carbonation of the surface.

Liquid membrane-forming curing compounds are applied to fresh

concrete immediately after finishing operations are complete,when the concrete surface is damp but without standing bleedwater. Curing compounds form a film on the surface that restrictsthe amount of water that can evaporate from the concrete. Theseproducts can be formulated to be dissipating over time, allowingfor easy removal before any subsequent floor coating or coveringis installed. Some curing compounds contain a white pigment toreflect sunlight helping to keep outdoor concrete cool. Generally,curing compounds do not provide any long-term protection orenhanced appearance to concrete.

Because of regulations controlling the amount of volatile organiccompounds in concrete curing products, most curing compoundsare water-based. Curing compounds should meet or exceedthe requirements of ASTM C 309, a specification that includesperformance properties such as moisture retention, drying time,

and reflectance.

Concrete curing and sealing compounds are used in the sameway as curing compounds, but with the added benefit ofimparting a lasting seal on the concrete surface. Curing andsealing products often provide a glossy appearance or wet-lookto the concrete as well. These products can be reapplied whentraffic or weathering wear away the protective seal and diminishits effectiveness. Curing and sealing compounds can be eithersolvent or water-based, and are sometimes offered in colors tofurther enhance the appearance of the concrete.

ASTM C 1315 specifies the performance characteristics for concretecuring and sealing products. This specification is more demandingthan ASTM C 309, including additional requirements such as UVdegradation and yellowing resistance, acid and alkali resistance,and compatibility with tile cements. The specification for moistureretention is more stringent in ASTM C 1315 as well.

Water-repellent penetrating sealers for concrete form a barrierwithin the surface that helps prevent damage from the ingressof water and salts, without changing the appearance of theconcrete. These products provide a highly effective chloride screenand water barrier, protecting both the concrete and reinforcingsteel from the harmful effects of deicing salts, moisture, andfreeze-thaw cycling. Water-repellent sealers do not cure concrete;they are normally applied to concrete that has been properlycured and is at least 28 days old. Because penetrating sealers mustbe able to soak into the concrete, the surface must be free of anycuring compounds or curing and sealing products, as the presenceof these films will prohibit penetration. Therefore, the curingmethod should be carefully considered if a penetrating sealer isto be used. A dissipating curing compound, wet cure, or sheet curemethod should be used to cure the concrete before application ofa penetrating sealer.

Water-repellent penetrating sealers are formulated with polymersknown as silanes, siloxanes, or a blend of both. Silanes and

siloxanes are both effective water and salt repellents, but thereare advantages of each that are dependent on the characteristicsof the concrete to be treated and the environmental conditions ofthe jobsite. Always consult the sealer manufacturer for assistancein choosing the best product for your specific project.


13/18

C o n c r e t e C u r i n g C o m p o u n d s a n d S e a l e r s

12

CURING AND SEALING PRODUCTS PERFORMANCE AND USAGE GUIDE

PENETRATING SEALERS AND LIQUID DENSIFIERS PERFORMANCE AND USAGE GUIDE

PRODUCTS ASTM

C309

ASTM

C1315

Interior

Exterior

Architectural EXPOSURE RESISTANCE

COVERAGE RATESft2/gal (m2/liter)

Yellowing Abrasion Blush

1st Coat 2nd Coat

SOLVENT-BASED

B

estfor

Sealing

Only

EverClear N N AC RD RD E E E 300-400(7.4-9.8)

400-500(9.8-12.3)

CuringandSealing

BrownTone CS N N NR RD RD G G G 300-400(7.4-9.8)

400-450(9.8-11.0)

SUPER FLOOR COAT N N AC AC NR P G G 450-500(11.0-12.3)

500-550(12.3-13.5)

REZ-SEAL N N AC AC NR P G G 300-350(7.4-8.6)

350-400(8.6-9.8)

SUPER REZ-SEAL N N AC AC NR P G G 400-450(9.8-11.0)

450-500(11.0-12.3)

DIAMOND CLEAR N N AC RD AC E G E 300-350(7.4-8.6)

350-400(8.6-9.8)

SUPER DIAMOND CLEAR N N AC RD RD E G E 300-400(7.4-9.8)

400-450(9.8-11.0)

WATER-B

ASED

CuringandSealin

g

DIAMOND CLEAR VOX N N AC RD NR E G G 250-300(6.1-7.4)

300-400(7.4-9.8)

SUPER DIAMOND CLEARVOX

N N RD RD NR E G G 300-400(7.4-9.8)

400-500(9.8-12.3)

AQUA-CURE VOX N N RD AC AC G G G 200-300(4.9-7.4)

300-400(7.4-9.8)

SUPER AQUA-CURE VOX N N RD AC AC G G G 300-400(7.4-9.8)

400-500(9.8-12.3)

REZ-SEAL VOX N N RD AC NR G G G 300-350(7.4-8.6)

350-450(8.6-11.0)

EUCOCURE VOX N N RD AC NR G G G 300-350(7.4-8.6)

350-450(8.6-11.0)

CuringOnly

KUREZ DR VOX N RD RD NR P P P 200-300(4.9-7.4)

NR

KUREZ W VOX N RD RD NR G P P 200-300(4.9-7.4)

NR

KUREZ WHITEPIGMENTED VOX

N RD RD NR G P P 200-300(4.9-7.4)

NR

PRODUCT NAME TYPE

ASTM D4887 APPLICATIONS EXPOSURE RESISTANCECOVERAGE RATE

ft2/gal(m2/liter)

INTERIOR

EXTERIOR

ARCH

SEALING

DUST-

PROOF

HARDEN/

DENSIFY

WATER-

REPELLENT

CHLORIDE-

BARRIER

YELLOWING

ABRASION

ASTMD

4060

BLUSH

1st Coat 2nd Coat

SO

LVENT-BASED

EUCO-GUARD 100 10% Siloxane NR RD AC N N N E N/A E

75-125 (1.8-3.1)wet on wetapplication

EUCO-GUARD S-40 40% Silane NR RD AC N N N E N/A E

EUCO-GUARD 200 20% Siloxane NR RD AC N N N E N/A E

LINSEED OILTREATMENT

Natural Oil NR RD NR P N/A N/A 400(9.8)

400(9.8)

WATER-BASED

EUCO-GUARDVOX

Water-basedSilane/Siloxane

Blend

RD RD AC N N N E N/A E100-150 (2.4-3.7)

wet on wet application

EUCO DIAMOND HARD Silicate/SiliconateBlend

RD AC NR N N N N E G E200-250 (4.9-6.2)

EUCO#512 VOX

Epoxy RD AC NR N N P G E 200-300(4.9-7.4)

400-600(9.8-14.8)

SURFHARD Silicofluoride RD AC NR N N E N/A G 150-300 (3.7-7.4)For 3 coats

EUCOSIL Sodium Silicate RD AC AC N N N E N/A G 200-500(4.9-12.3)


14/18

Selection of Joint Fillers and SealantsJoint fillers are hard, semi-rigid materials typically used to fillcontrol and construction joints in concrete floors. The jointfiller transfers the load of heavy wheeled traffic across the

joint, protecting the joint edges (also called shoulders) fromdamage. Joint fillers are not flexible, and are not meant foruse in any joint where significant movement is expected. Jointfillers are epoxy or polyurea based materials that must be100% solids and have a minimum Shore A hardness of 80.

Joint sealants are flexible materials that expand and contractalong with the concrete. Their main purpose is to preventwater, other liquids, and debris from entering the joint. Theycan also improve the appearance of a floor. Most sealants areavailable in colors and can make the joints disappear.Sealants are one or two-component polyurethanes and shouldnot be used on floors that will receive heavy traffic or loadsbecause sealants will not support and protect the joint edges.

Timing of Joint Filling and SealingACI 302 advises that joint filling be postponed as long aspossible to minimize joint filler splitting and cracking. Thiscondition occurs because the concrete slab shrinks and the

joint itself widens. Semi-rigid epoxy and polyurea fillers arenot flexible enough to withstand joint widening, and may splitwithin the filler and along the filler/joint wall interface. Thissplitting is normal if the joints are filled before most of theconcrete shrinkage has occurred (concrete undergoes the mostsignificant shrinkage during the first year, especially the first60 to 90 days). If the construction project requires joints to befilled before the slab shrinkage has occurred, provisions

should be made for repair of the filler cracks or sepA low-viscosity epoxy can be used to fill these areas

Choosing a Joint Filler or SealantA semi-rigid epoxy or polyurea product must be usefloors exposed to heavy wheel traffic or loads. Polythe added benefit of a quick cure and fast turn-aroMany semi-rigid fillers are available in colors to eithor contrast the color of the surrounding concrete. Epolyureas may discolor in UV light, and may not befor outdoor use if aesthetic appearance is critical.

Flexible polyurethane sealants are suitable for lightfloors and pavements. These products are UV stablegood for outdoor use. Like the semi-rigid fillers, flepolyurethane sealants are available in a range of comeet design requirements.

J o i n t F i l l e r s a n d S e a l a n t s

13

JOINT FILLERS AND SEALANTS PRODUCT SUMMARY SHEET

1 On floors where joint filler overfill staining is undesirable and appearance is critical, useEUCO Clean-Cut joint filler stain prevention film in combination with these semi-rigid jointfillers. EUCO Clean-Cut is a water-based polymer film-forming liquid that is applied with roller

or brush to concrete, adjacent to joints. The product dries in 15-20 minutes aremoved with water immediately after joint filling operations are complete.

Product JointType

GenericType

DurometerReading PerASTM D2240Hardness

Classification

Applications Primer Packaging Application Information

PackagingOptions Mix Ratioby Volume Procedure Pot Life @75 F.(24 C)

1EUCO 700 Control andconstruction

joints

2 partepoxy

D55A>100Semi-rigid

ACI 302 sec5.12

Industrial floors Pavements Hard wheels Minimal slab

movement

No 1 and 10 gal.(3.8 and37.8 liter)

1:1 Pour byhand orinstall withmechanicalpump orbulk handgun

15 min.

1EUCO 800 2 partepoxy

D50A90Semi-rigid

No 2 gal.(7.6 liter)

1:1 50 min.

1EUCOQWIKjoint200

Control andconstruction

joints

2 partpolyurea

D38A90

ACI 302 sec5.12

Industrial floors Pavements Hard wheels Minimal slab

movement Freezers

No 10 gal. (37.8liter) and 600mL cartridges

1:1 Install withmechanicalpump orcartridgegun

< 1 min.

EUCOLASTICI and II

ControlConstructionor moving

joints

1 or 2 partpolyurethane,gun grade(non-sag) orpourablegrade

A30Elastomeric

All pavements Exterior Interior Extensive

movement

Yes;Dependson JointType

2 gal. (7.6liter) and 11and 30 oz.cartridges

Varies Cartridgegun or pourby hand

Varies withgrade

EUCO#452-P

ControlConstruction

2 part epoxy D85A>100

Prisons No 1 and 3 gal.(3.8 and 11.3liter)

2.7:1 Use bulkgun or pourby hand

50 min.


15/18

H i g h P e r f o r m a n c e C o a t i n g s

Guidelines for Selection of High Performance CoatingsHigh performance epoxy and polyurethane coatings providean attractive appearance as well as chemical and abrasionresistance. However, these coatings are very sensitiveproducts and certain procedures for concrete placementand coating application must be followed to ensure asuccessful installation.

Concrete PlacementAlong with the standard requirements for subgradepreparation, a vapor retarder should be installed for slabson grade where a non-breathable coating is intended.Vapor retarders reduce moisture from passing through theslab. Moisture passing through the slab can interfere withapplication of coatings as well as with the performance ofinstalled systems.

Concrete curing is very important, however, membraneforming curing and sealing compounds should not be usedon floors to receive non-breathable coatings because curingmembranes interfere with the bond of most products. Instead,curing paper, polyethylene, water curing or dissipating curingcompounds (such as KUREZ DR VOX) are recommended.The concrete must be a minimum of 28 days old prior tocoating application.

Concrete of any age must be properly prepared prior toapplication of a coating. The surface should be textured andfree of any oil, grease, laitance, moisture, or any other debrisincluding curing or sealing compounds that will preventbonding to the surface.

Choosing the Proper CoatingHigh performance coatings are used in many environments:auto/truck repair bays, airplane hangars, laboratories,warehouses, chemical retaining areas, animal shelters,and manufacturing plants. Each facility has its particularrequirements. To achieve a long lasting durable surface,many questions should be asked.

What appearance and texture is desired? Must the product(s) be U.S.D.A. approved? What type(s) of traffic is expected? What are the service condition challenges?

- Chemical exposure: type, concentration, frequency- Traffic and load demand- Maintenance requirements

These questions are very common, however they are justthe beginning since the range of considerations can varyconsiderably depending on each unique application. TheHigh Performance Coatings Usage Chart provides additionalinformation on Euclid Chemical coatings. If further informatiois required on an individual product consult the producttechnical data sheet or contact The Euclid Chemical Company.

14

HIGH PERFORMANCE COATINGS USAGE CHART

EUCOPOXY

TUFCOAT

EUCOPOXYTUFCOAT VOX

EUCOPOXYTUFCOAT HB+

EUCOPOXYTUFCOAT DBS EUCOTHANE

EUCOTHANE

VOX

TYPE 2 component solvent-based epoxy coating

2 component water-basedepoxy coating

2 component 100% solidshigh-build epoxy coating

2 component 100% solidsepoxy and colored quartzaggregate decorativebroadcast system

2 component solvent-based polyurethanecoating

2 component solvent-based polyurethanecoating

Mix Ratio By Volume:A to B

1:1 color 4.5:1clear 3.9:1

2:1 2:1 2:1 2:1

Solids Content 55-60% 55-60% 100% 100% 55-60% 65-70%

Primer Required NO NO YES NO YES YES

Coverage Rateft2/gal (m2/L)

250 (6.1) 250 (6.1) 125 (3.1) See technical data sheet 325 (8) 325 (8)

Wet Film Thickness (per coat) 6-7 mils 6-7 mils 13 mils 10-20 mils 5 mils 5 mils

Dry Film Thickness (per coat) 3-4 mils 3-4 mils 13 mils 1/16 1/8 3 mils 3-4 mils

Drying Time 70F tack free 2 hrs 4 hrs 6 hrs 8-10 hrs 5-6 hrs 5-6 hrs

Recoat 4-6 hrs 6-8 hrs 8-10 hrs 5-7 hrs 6-10 hrs 6-10 hrs

Application Method spray, roll, brush spray, roll, brush roll, brush, squeegee roll, squeegee spray, roll, brush spray, roll, brush

Variety of Colors YES YES YES YES YES YES

Finish/Appearance semi-gloss semi-gloss semi-gloss semi-gloss high gloss high gloss

U.S.D.A. YES YES NO YES YES YES

U.V. Resistance FAIR FAIR FAIR FAIR EXCELLENT EXCELLENT


16/18

ACI 302 describes concrete as a forgiving constructionmaterial that provides a durable, serviceable and attractivesurface. However, floor and slab surface imperfections can,and do occur, and are often caused by conditions over whichthe designer or contractor has little control. For instance, manywell designed and expertly placed concrete structures areadversely affected by drying shrinkage cracking simply dueto the characteristics inherent in portland cement concrete.While some curling and cracking can be expected on everyproject, most common imperfections result from failure tofollow the basic rules of concrete curing (Section 9.1-9.9)and finishing (Section 8.3.3 and 8.3.5). In almost all cases,imperfections stem from a combination of factors ratherthan a single cause. By carefully avoiding the various causesof imperfections, satisfactory results are more likely to beobtained. Sections 11.2 through 11.11 provide a thoroughexplanation of these causes and resulting imperfectionsincluding cracking, low wear resistance, dusting, scaling,popouts, blisters, delamination, spalling, discoloration, lowspots and poor drainage, and curling.

The cause of most surface imperfections can be detperforming a petrographic (microscopic) analysis onthe concrete in accordance with ASTM C 856. A petanalysis evaluates and reports on the probable causextent of the distress, as well as the general quality,durability and performance of the concrete.

Given all the planning and preparation, in reality, thwill be situations that occur that will warrant repairand slabs. The two most commonly used repair matcement-based and epoxy-based. The Euclid Chemicahas a complete line of repair and restoration produexpert technical support, and can provide the approsolution for floor or slab imperfections.

Specific installation guidelines for repair products don the product chosen. Refer to Euclids technical dafor information. Consult your local representative oThe Euclid Chemical Company for assistance with reproducts selection.

C o n c r e t e R e p a i r

15

Product Name Thickness of Repair

DesignedPlacement

MaterialType

Typical Applications

MinimumInch (mm)

MaximumInch (mm)

CommercialWarehouseFloors

LoadingDocks

Multi-UnitResidential,Pavements,Ramps andWalkways

IndustrialFloors

FoodProcessing

Cracks,SpalledConcrete

ParkingDecks

Self-levelingLight DutyRepair

FloorToppings

VERSASPEED &VERSASPEED LS

1/4 " ( 25.4) 6" (1 52) Pa tc hin gandRepair/FloorTopping

Rapid SetCementitious

X X X X X X

EUCO-SPEED &EUCO-SPEED

MP

1/2 " ( 12.7) 8" (2 03) Pa tc hin gand Repair

Rapid SetCementitious

/MagnesiumPhosphate

X X X X X

THIN-TOPSUPREME

1/16" (1 .6) 3 /8" (9 .5) PatchingandRepair/FloorTopping

Cementitious

X X X X X

CONCRETE-TOPSUPREME

3/8" (9.5) 2" (51) PatchingandRepair/Floor

Topping

Cementitious

X X X X X

EUCOCRETE 1" (25.4) 6" (152) PatchingandRepair/FloorTopping

Cementitious

X X X X X X

EUCOCRETESUPREME

1" (25.4) 6" (152) PatchingandRepair/FloorTopping

Cementitious

X X X X X X

POLY-PATCH Featheredge1/16" (1.6)

2" (51) Patching,Resurfacing,Facing

Cementitious

X

EUCO #456 S MORTAR

1/8" (3.2) 2" (51) SurfaceResurfaceOverlays

Epoxy

X X X X

ULTRA-TEX Skim Coat1/8" (3.2)

Skim Coat1/8" (3.2)

DecorativeOverlay

Cementitious

EUCO #452EPOXY

NA NA Moistureinsensitiveadhesive andbinder forconcrete

Epoxy

X

EUCOPOXYINJECTIONRESIN

NA NA PressureInjection ofCracks

Epoxy

X

FLO-TOP &SUPERFLO-TOP1

Featheredge1/16(1.6)

1" (25.4) Underlayment Cementitious

X X1


17/18

S e r v i c e s a n d S o l u t i o n s

Customer SolutionsThe Euclid Chemical Company is unique in our offering ofa comprehensive line of superior products, unparalleledcustomer service, and industry support. Comprised of highlytrained professionals, the Euclid team delivers a range ofvalue-added resources and in-depth industry experience toarchitects, designers, engineers, building contractors andowners, assisting in product selection, specification, installation

and related technology.

These individuals serve Euclids customers, as well as supplyfield evaluations, recommendations and application problemsolving on a project-by-project and technology basis. Ourexperts are active technical committee members with ACI,ICRI and ASTM. Euclids professionals are available in localoffices nationwide.

The Euclid Chemical Companys experienced field teamis available to support you and your projects using EuclidChemicals extensive product line of highly engineered productsmanufactured under the stringent standards of our 9001:2000Certified quality system. Our staff of experts are available forpre-design meetings, assisting in clarifying specifications and

recommending product selection. This trained team is alsoavailable to support you by providing proper pre-installationinstructions and methods for achieving quality results.

Pre-job Conference SupportEuclid Chemical stresses the importance of a pre-job conferenceattended by the owners, architects, engineers, contractors andothers allied to the project. In addition, a sample slab shouldbe produced before the actual construction begins in order topractice placement and perfect finishing techniques, especiallyif new materials are being used. If any questions arise or moreinformation is required, please contact your local Euclid salesrepresentative or The Euclid Chemical Companys Marketingand National Accounts group.

The Euclid Chemical Company does not stop there. Backingthese field experts is an exceptional team of professionalCertified Technicians utilizing our world-class laboratoryand call center with state-of-the-art technology.

TECHNICAL SERVICE

Technical SupportOur Technical Support group provides real-time solutionsvia telephone and e-mail regarding product and applicationquestions. If youre more Internet minded, productinformation and support data is available at our website24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

Laboratory ServicesThe Euclid Chemical Company proudly serves the concreteconstruction industry, utilizing our world-class laboratory todeliver precise solutions to customers problems and advanceconcrete technology for the benefit of all users. Our CCRLinspected facilities are equipped with state-of-the-arttechnologies and staffed by our exceptional team ofprofessional, ACI certified technicians. These outstandingresources provide The Euclid Chemical Company thecapability to offer comprehensive analytic and petrographicevaluation and testing services via programs that conform

16

In Association with the Best:

to the standards prescribed by the American Society forTesting and Materials, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,the American Concrete Institute and the InternationalConcrete Repair Institute.

TrainingEuclid Chemical seeks to advance the concrete and masonryindustry as a whole, and generously shares technical

knowledge through training and seminars conducted forproject owners and design professionals. Many programsare AIA/CEU registered, allowing eligible attendees to earnprofessional development hours. These range from helpingcustomers identify and work with properly trained installatiocrews to offering a large variety of programs on concrete andrelated technologies. The Euclid Chemical Company is proud sponsor these opportunities for our associates and colleaguesas part of our ongoing commitment to the industry.

Industry LeadershipFor almost 100 years, The Euclid Chemical Company hasserved as a leading supplier to the concrete and masonryindustry with a full line of engineered concrete admixtureand construction products marketed under the EUCO brand

name. These products include concrete admixtures, blockand masonry additives, curing and sealing compounds,epoxy adhesives, floor and wall coatings, structural groutsfor columns, equipment and machinery, joint fillers andrepair products. The Euclid Chemical Company strives tobring innovative technologies and products to the concretemarket with industry leading customer service. The EuclidChemical Company is an RPM International, Inc. company.For more information, contact The Euclid ChemicalCompany at 800.321.7628, or log onto the web site atwww.euclidchemical.com.


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The Euclid Chemical Company, founded in 1910, is today a worldwide

supplier of quality products and services for the concrete and masonryindustry. Marketed under the EUCO name, we offer a full line of admixtures,

repair and maintenance products based on the latest technologies. Weprovide complete specification assistance and laboratory support as well

as on-site service for guidance on proper product usage. EUCO materials

are warehoused in over 200 locations in the USA and are available world-widethrough international affiliates.

B 16 Floor Design Guide 6.06 5M 2006 The Euclid Chemical Company. All rights reserved. The informationcontained herein is, to our knowledge, true and accurate. While this material is furnished in good faith, no warrantyexpressed or implied, of merchantability, completeness, fitness or otherwise is made. Th is material is offered only for

your consideration, investigation and verification, and The Euclid Chemical Company disclaims any liability incurred

from the use thereof and shall not in any event be liable for any special, incidental or consequential damages

arising from such use. This information is not intended to be all inclusive and the manner and conditions of useand handling of any material may involve other or additional considerations specific to the use or user. NothingAn Company

The Euclid Chemical Company

19218 Redwood Rd. Cleveland, OH 44110

Toll-free: [800] 321-7628 Fax: [216] 531-9596

www.euclidchemical.com

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