Mejora de la eficiencia y de la competitividad de la economía argentina

Mejora de la eficiencia y de la competitividad de la economía argentina

INTI - Unión Europea

SEGEMAR - INTEMIN

Taller

Implicaciones ambientales de la extracción de rocas y minerales no metalíferos5-Presentación de resultados

Dr. J.L. Fernández Turiel

Buenos Aires, 22-24 de agosto de 2005

ASTERISMOS PROJECTAS PONTES

ASTERISMOS PROJECT

AS PONTES COAL MINE

Timing

1956 (start) 1984 1991 1997 2010 (end)

Area A: As Pontes mine (10 %) - 13 km x 7 km Area B: Regional setting - 36 km x 26 km

A

B

AS PONTES COAL MINE

Restoration Map(Final)

Tim

e o

f M

ine

Lif

e

RESTORATION PLANNING AND MONITORING

DSS

PCALC

Land use - Land coverRegional Setting

Land use - Land coverMine Area

SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING APPLICATION





Restoration Maps(Annual Working Plans)

PCALC

REMOTE SENSING METHODOLOGY

MINE AREA RESTORATION EVOLUTION

multitemporal change detection

REGIONAL SETTING VEGETATION PATTERN

classification

DSS

ASTERISMOS PROJECT

GISREMOTE SENSING

RESTORATIONASSESSMENT

specificgeology, land use/cover, relief pattern, transport

distance, ...

CRITERIAgeneral

legislation and economy DSS

flat area

slopeterrace

hole

A

A

B

B

Slope criteria

AS PONTES RESTORATION

LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATIONAS PONTES - 1984

11

0 5 10 kmLandsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-7

08/09/1984Stepwise Linear Supervised Classification

LEGEND

Pasture, grassland and crop

Shrubland

Deciduous-mixed forest

Perennial forest

Bare Soil outside mine

Bare soil: clay

Bare soil:coal covered area

Bare soil: slate

Water: sea and reservoir

Water: mine clear water

Water: mine turbid water

Burnt area

Unclassified

N


11



LEGEND


Shrubland


Perennial forest


Bare soil: clay


Bare soil: slate




Burnt area

Unclassified

N

LAND USE (Ha) 1984 1991 1997

Pasture and crops

28359.8 26870.9 24920.8

Shrubland 11289.1 25765.2 35874.8

Deciduous forest 26397.6 21769.4 16656.4

Perennial forest 20948.2 17337.5 14481.6

Unvegetated 476.4 524.2 546.9

Water 681.3 617.5 697.2

Burnt area 5691.4 959.1 666.1

Total 93843.8 93843.8 93843.8

LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATIONAS PONTES

PERENNIALFOREST

DECIDUOUSFOREST

MINEOPEN PIT DUMP

AGRICULTUREFORESTRY NATURAL PARK

finalfilling

FOREST

landuse

diversity

< 2.5-16o

slope

< 2.5o < 16o

LAKE SHRUBLANDGRASSLAND

DSS RESTORATION MAPAS PONTES COAL MINE - 2010 WITH PLANNED LAKE (h < 340 m)

DSS RESTORATION MAP – BASE CASEAS PONTES COAL MINE - 2010 WITH PLANNED LAKE (h < 340 m)

Grassland

Shrubland

Forest

Buildings

Water

TRADITIONAL FINAL RESTORATION PLANAS PONTES COAL MINE - 2010 WITH PLANNED LAKE (h < 340 m)

Grassland

Shrubland

Forest

Buildings

Water

ENDESA (Ha) DSS (Ha)

Grassland 295 475

Forest 648 621

Shrubland 140 27

Water 892 851

Total 1974 1974

TRADITIONAL AND DSS FINAL RESTORATION MAPSAS PONTES COAL MINE

2010 WITH PLANNED LAKE (h < 340 m)

Tasks Traditional ground-based

surveys

ASTERISMOS DSS

1. Criteria and measures definition

3 person /month 2200 € (satellite imagery)2 person /month

2. Final DEM

a) Photogrametric restitution and topographic survey (existing terrane)

9000 € (aerial photography) + 1.5 p/m

4100 € (satellite imagery – stereo pair) + 0.1 p/m

b) Planned new areas (future terrane)

2 p/m 2 p/m

3. DSS construction 1 p/m

4. Restoration (land use) map evaluation

1 p/m 0.25 p/m

TOTAL 9000 € + 7 p/m 6300 € + 5.35 p/m 30 % + 25 %

COSTS OF TRADITIONAL AND ASTERISMOS PROCEDURES

PCALC

REMOTE SENSING METHODOLOGY

MINE AREA RESTORATION EVOLUTION

multitemporal change detection

REGIONAL SETTING VEGETATION PATTERN

classification

DSS

MULTITEMPORAL CHANGE DETECTION

1956 extrapolatedclassification

1984 classification

1956-1984restoration map

1997 classification

1991 classification




LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATIONAS PONTES COAL MINE - 1984

11

0 1 2 km Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-708/09/1984

Stepwise Linear Supervised Classification

LEGEND


Shrubland


Perennial forest


Bare soil: clay


Bare soil: slate




Burnt area

Unclassified

N


Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-711/08/1991


LEGEND


Shrubland


Perennial forest


Bare soil: clay


Bare soil: slate




Burnt area

Unclassified

N1

1

0 1 2 km


Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-705/04/1997


LEGEND


Shrubland


Perennial forest


Bare soil: clay


Bare soil: slate




Burnt area

Unclassified

N1

1

0 1 2 km

101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113

CRgrassCRshrubCRdeciduousCRperennialCBareSoilCw ater NRgrassNRshrubNRdeciduousNRperennialNBareSoilNw ater NOrVeg

1 Grass NRgrassCRgrassCRgrassCRgrassCRgrassCRgrassNRgrassCRgrassCRgrassCRgrassCRgrassCRgrassNOrVeg

2 Shrub CRshrubNRshrubCRshrubCRshrubCRshrubCRshrubCRshrubNRshrubCRshrubCRshrubCRshrubCRshrubNOrVeg

3 Deciduous CRdeciduousCRdeciduousNRdeciduousCRdeciduousCRdeciduousCRdeciduousCRdeciduousCRdeciduousNRdeciduousCRdeciduousCRdeciduousCRdeciduousNOrVeg

4 Perennial CRperennialCRperennialCRperennialNRperennialCRperennialCRperennialCRperennialCRperennialCRperennialNRperennialCRperennialCRperennialNOrVeg

5 Unvegetated

6 Clays CBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilNBareSoilNBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilNBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoil

7 Coal cov. CBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilNBareSoilNBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilNBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoil

8 Slates CBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilNBareSoilNBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilNBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoil

9 Water

10 Clear w ater Cw ater Cw ater Cw ater Cw ater Cw ater Nw ater Cw ater Cw ater Cw ater Cw ater Cw ater Nw ater Cw ater

11 Turbid w ater Cw ater Cw ater Cw ater Cw ater Cw ater Nw ater Cw ater Cw ater Cw ater Cw ater Cw ater Nw ater Cw ater

12 Burnt areaNE

WE

R Y

EA

R C

LAS

SIF

ICA

TIO

N M

AP

OLDER YEAR RESTORATION MAP

NEW RESTORED VEGETATION RESTORED VEGETATION

POST-CLASSIFICATION AUTOMATICLOGICAL COMPARISON MATRIX

POST CLASSIFICATION RESTORATION MAPAS PONTES COAL MINE 1956 - 1984

Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-7(100 % veg. 1956) - 08/09/1984

Post classification automatic logical comparison

LEGEND

C.restored grassland

C. restored shrubland

C. restored deciduous forest

C. restored perennial forest

C. bare soil

C. water

N. restored grassland

N. restored shrubland

N. restored deciduous forest

N. restored perennial forest

N.C. bare soil

N.C. Water

Original Vegetation

CHANGE (C)

NO CHANGE (N)

N1

1

0 1 2 km

POST CLASSIFICATION RESTORATION MAPAS PONTES COAL MINE 1984 - 1991

Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-708/09/1984 and 11/08/1991


LEGEND





C. bare soil

C. water





N.C. bare soil

N.C. Water

Original Vegetation

CHANGE (C)

NO CHANGE (N)

N1

1

0 1 2 km

POST CLASSIFICATION RESTORATION MAPAS PONTES COAL MINE 1991-1997



LEGEND





C. bare soil

C. water





N.C. bare soil

N.C. Water

Original Vegetation

CHANGE (C)

NO CHANGE (N)

N1

1

0 1 2 km

POST CLASSIFICATION RESTORATION MAPAS PONTES COAL MINE 1984-1997



LEGEND





C. bare soil

C. water





N.C. bare soil

N.C. Water

Original Vegetation

CHANGE (C)

NO CHANGE (N)

N1

1

0 1 2 km

EVOLUTION OF MINING ACTIVITYAS PONTES COAL MINE 1984 - 1991 - 1997

LEGEND

Affected area in 1984



Not affected

Mine perimeter

Landsat 5 - TM Years: 1984 - 1991 - 1997

Bare soil classes in stepwise classification

N1

1

0 1 2 km

1997 ENDESA RESTORATION AND PCALC MAPSAS PONTES COAL MINE

1997 ENDESA RESTORATION AND 1984-1997 PCALC MAPSAS PONTES COAL MINE

Grassland

Shrubland

Deciduous forest

Not restored area

Conniferous forest

Restored area

Land use \ Pair of years 56 - 84 84 - 91 91 - 97

56 - 84 84 - 91 91 - 97

Hectares

%

Grassland 0 8.7 239.5

0.0 0.3 7.9

Shrubland 0 125.9 583.1

0.0 4.1 19.2

Deciduous forest 0 12.3 95.2

0.0 0.4 3.1

Perennial forest 0 87 106.9

0.0 2.9 3.5

Original Vegetation 1169.4 665.3 581.6

38.5 21.9 19.2

Water 9.8 7.8 6.8

0.3 0.3 0.2

Bare soil 888.3 1160.5 454.4

29.3 38.2 15.0

Planned lake (< 340 m) 968.8 968.8 968.8

31.9 31.9 31.9

Total mine area 3036.3 3036.3 3036.3

100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Restored 0 233.9 1024.7

0.0 7.7 33.7

RESTORATION EVALUATION

TasksTraditional ground-

based surveysASTERISMOS

PCALC

1. DEM of year of interest (Photogrametric restitution

and topographic survey)

9000 € (aerial photography) + 1.5 p/m

4100 € (satellite imagery – stereo pair) + 0.1 p/m

2. Restoration (land use) map evaluation

0.25 p/m4400 € (2 satellite images)

+ 0.25 p/m

TOTAL 9000 € + 7 p/m8500 €+ 0.35 p/m 5 % + 95 %

COSTS OF TRADITIONAL AND ASTERISMOS PROCEDURES

FINAL RESTORATION PLANAS PONTES COAL MINE - 2010 WITH PLANNED LAKE (h < 340 m)

Mejora de la eficiencia y de la competitividad de la economía argentina

INTI - Unión Europea

Taller

Mejora de la eficiencia y de la competitividad de la economía argentina

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