Acerca de En accin Pases Temas Medios Publicaciones Estadsticas Asociaciones

Antecedentes Actores no estatales Documentos Noticias Informacin para los participantes FAQs

Por qu una CIN2?

Ms de la mitad de la poblacin mundial se ve afectada negativamente por la malnutricin, la CIN2 mantendr la nutricin en un lugar prioritario de las agendas internacionales y nacionales de desarrollo

La CIN2 ser la primera conferencia intergubernamental mundial que abordar los problemas nutricionales mundiales en el siglo XXI

El objetivo de la CIN2 es mejorar la nutricin mediante polticas nacionales y cooperacin internacional efectiva

La economa mundial, los sistemas alimentarios y el estado nutricional de la poblacin han cambiado significativamente desde la primera CIN en 1992. Se necesitan un nuevo marco normativo y respuestas ms adecuadas

Los problemas globales requieren soluciones globales, nicamente una conferencia intergubernamental puede identificar legtimamente los compromisos de las partes interesadas de actuar con decisin para combatir la malnutricin

Segunda Conferencia Internacional sobre Nutricin (CIN2)La Segunda Conferencia Internacional sobre Nutricin (CIN2), una reunin intergubernamental inclusiva sobre nutricin organizada conjuntamente por la Organizacin de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentacin y la Agricultura (FAO) y la Organizacin Mundial de la Salud (OMS), en colaboracin con el Equipo de tareas de alto nivel sobre la crisis mundial de la seguridad alimentaria (HLTF, por sus siglas en ingls), FIDA, IFPRI, UNESCO, UNICEF, Banco Mundial, PMA y la OMC, se celebrar en la Sede de la FAO, en Roma, del 19 al 21 de noviembre de 2014. Ser una conferencia ministerial de alto nivel que propondr un marco normativo flexible para responder a los principales desafos nutricionales actuales e identificar las prioridades para mejorar la cooperacin internacional en materia de nutricin.

La CIN2 reunir a responsables nacionales de las polticas del sector agrcola, sanitario y otros ministerios y organismos relevantes, con dirigentes de organismos de las Naciones Unidas y otras organizaciones intergubernamentales y la sociedad civil, incluyendo ONGs, investigadores, el sector privado y los consumidores.La conferencia examinar los progresos realizados en la mejora de la nutricin desde 1992, reflexionando sobre los problemas nutricionales existentes, as como sobre los nuevos desafos y oportunidades para mejorar la nutricin derivados de los cambios en la economa mundial, los sistemas alimentarios y los avances cientficos y tecnolgicos, e identificar opciones de polticas para mejorar la nutricin. Los objetivos clave de la CIN2 sern:

1. revisar los avances desde la CIN de 1992 incluyendo los logros a nivel nacional en el fomento de la nutricin a travs de intervenciones nutricionales directas y polticas y programas para mejorar la nutricin;

2. revisar las polticas e instituciones relevantes en materia de agricultura, pesca, salud, comercio, consumo y proteccin social para mejorar la nutricin;

3. fortalecer la coherencia y coordinacin de las polticas institucionales y movilizar los recursos necesarios para mejorar la nutricin;

4. reforzar la cooperacin internacional, incluyendo la cooperacin intergubernamental, para mejorar la nutricin en todos los lugares, especialmente en los pases en desarrollo.

El mbito de la conferencia ser:

global en su perspectiva, pero se centrar especialmente en los desafos nutricionales en los pases en desarrollo; abordar todas las formas de malnutricin, reconociendo la transicin nutricional y sus consecuencias; tratar de mejorar la nutricin a lo largo del ciclo vital, centrndose en los hogares ms pobres y vulnerables, y en

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las mujeres, los bebs y los nios pequeos en contextos necesitados, vulnerables y de emergencia.

La CIN2 se basar en los procesos e iniciativas polticas mundiales en curso para contribuir a la agenda de desarrollo post-2015 de la ONU, e identificar las reas prioritarias, los objetivos de desarrollo nutricional, as como las polticas necesarias para alcanzarlos, medirlos y rendir cuentas. El resultado de la CIN2 contribuir al llamamiento del Secretario General de la ONU para que haya un alto grado de coherencia poltica a nivel mundial, regional, nacional y sub-nacional y una alianza mundial para el desarrollo a todos los niveles. La CIN2 tambin ampliar el llamamiento del Secretario General a los lderes reunidos en la Cumbre Ro+20 para asumir el "Desafo Hambre Cero".

CIN 1992

CIN 1992 - Informe final de la conferencia

CIN 1992 - Elementos principales de estrategias nutricionales

CIN 1992 - Declaracin mundial y plan de accin para la nutricin

CIN 1992 - Nutricin y desarrollo - Una evaluacin mundial

CIN 1992 - Elementos principales de estrategias nutricionales - Resumen

RecursosEstrategia y visin de la labor de la FAO en materia de nutricin

Sector privadoSociedad civil

Participacin de las partes interesadasLa experiencia ha demostrado que la creacin de foros ms inclusivos ha permitido una mayor participacin, transparencia, inclusin y pluralidad en los debates sobre polticas, lo que conduce a una mayor apropiacin de las decisiones tomadas a nivel global. Tambin es necesario movilizar los conocimientos y las capacidades de todas las partes interesadas para generar un consenso poltico para promover la nutricin como prioridad en la agenda de desarrollo global.

En vista de lo anterior, los rganos rectores de la FAO y la OMS han solicitado a ambas organizaciones que aseguren la celebracin de consultas con todas las partes interesadas pertinentes, incluyendo a otras organizaciones de las Naciones Unidas que trabajan en el campo de la nutricin, organizaciones no gubernamentales y el sector privado.

Las dos organizaciones han desarrollado una hoja de ruta para permitir que los actores no estatales (ANE) hagan contribuciones a la conferencia. El compromiso con los ANE se llevar a cabo durante todo el proceso de la CIN-2, incluidas las consultas en lnea y las reuniones informales previas a la conferencia, as como la participacin en mesas redondas y actos paralelos durante la propia conferencia.

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Participacin de actores no estatales en la CIN2

Sesin plenariaLos representantes de la sociedad civil y del sector privado invitados a la CIN2 pueden participar en la Conferencia en calidad de observadores. Los Parlamentarios y representantes de la sociedad civil y del sector privado tendrn tres intervalos de tiempo para presentar los resultados de los tres eventos previos a la Conferencia en una reunin plenaria de la misma. Por otra parte, los representantes de los actores no estatales pueden designar entre ellos a algunos portavoces para intervenir en la Conferencia durante el debate general, dentro del tiempo disponible para intervenciones. En funcin de la disponibilidad de espacio, los representantes de los actores no estatales podrn asistir al debate general, las mesas redondas y los eventos paralelos, con acceso a las salas de reuniones limitado segn el nmero de asientos disponibles en cada sala.

Mesas redondasAdems del debate general, con las declaraciones de los jefes de las delegaciones, la Conferencia incluir mesas redondas temticas. Los resmenes de los Presidentes de las mesas redondas se presentarn en la sesin plenaria del ltimo da de la Conferencia. Los representantes de los actores no estatales pueden ser invitados a intervenir en las mesas redondas.

Eventos paralelosPor otra parte, durante la Conferencia tendrn lugar nueve eventos paralelos. Los representantes de los actores no estatales pueden asimismo ser invitados a intervenir durante los eventos paralelos.

Documento de concepto sobre la participacin de actores no estatales en la CIN-2

DocumentosEsta seccin contiene documentos de todas las reuniones oficiales de la CIN2, incluyendo el orden del da provisional, los documentos finales, horarios y otros materiales relevantes e informacin.

Documentos de trabajo

ICN2 2014/1 Rev.1 Programa provisional

ICN2 2014/2 Documento final de la Conferencia: Declaracin de Roma sobre la Nutricin

ICN2 2014/3 Corr. 1 Documento final de la Conferencia: Marco de accin

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Documentos de informacin

ICN2 2014/INF/1 Rev.1

Calendario provisional

ICN2 2014/INF/2 Rev.1

Disposiciones para la Segunda Conferencia Internacional sobre Nutricin (CIN-2)

ICN2 2014/INF/3 Rev.1

Lista provisional de documentos

ICN2 2014/INF/4 Declaracin de competencias y derechos de voto de la Unin Europea y sus Estados miembros

ICN2 2014/INF/5 Corr. 1

Nota de las Copresidentas de acompaamiento de los documentos finales de la Conferencia

Documentos de exposicin de conceptos de las mesas redondas

ICN2 2014/RT/1 Mesa redonda 1: La nutricin en la agenda para el desarrollo despus de 2015

ICN2 2014/RT/2 Mesa redonda 2: Mejora de las opciones en materia de poltica, mayor coherencia de las polticas

ICN2 2014/RT/3 Mesa redonda 3: Gobernanza y rendicin de cuentas en materia de nutricin

Archivo de noticiasINFOGRAFA: La Declaracin de Roma sobre la Nutricin

Se prev que la Segunda Conferencia Internacional sobre Nutricin (CIN2) apruebe un documento poltico final, esto es, la Declaracin de Roma sobre la Nutricin y el Marco de accin tcnico correspondiente para orientar su aplicacin. La Declaracin compromete a los pases a erradicar el hambre y a prevenir todas las formas de malnutricin en el mundo especialmente la desnutricin...La FAO presenta un libro de bolsillo sobre nutricin antes de la CIN2

Con motivo de la Segunda Conferencia Internacional sobre Nutricin (CIN2) que se lleva a cabo en Roma en esta semana, la FAO publica un completo libro de bolsillo con datos sobre nutricin de todas las regiones del mundo.La alimentacin y la nutricin en cifras - un compendio dedicado al estado de...VDEO: Qu es la doble carga?

La doble carga de la malnutricin se produce cuando el sobrepeso y la obesidad coexisten con la desnutricin en los mismos pases. Es ms comn en las economas en desarrollo. En este breve video puedes aprender ms acerca de la doble carga de la mano de expertos de la FAO...VDEO: Qu es el hambre crnica?

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Ms de 800 millones de personas en el mundo constantemente no ingieren suficientes alimentos y se van a dormir con hambre. Los efectos del hambre crnica son irreversibles, lo que contribuye a casi la mitad de todas las muertes infantiles en todo el mundo. En este breve video puedes aprender...Preguntas frecuentes sobre los documentos finales de la CIN2

La Segunda Conferencia Internacional sobre Nutricin (CIN2) es una conferencia intergubernamental de alto nivel en la que se que examinarn las cuestiones y desafos relacionados con la nutricin en el mundo en el siglo XXI. Se prev que la CIN2 apruebe un documento poltico final, la Declaracin de Roma sobre...

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En los mediosCon un histrico acuerdo sobre acceso y cobertura universal de salud, concluye el 53 Consejo Directivo de la OPSWashington, D.C., 3 de octubre de 2014 (OPS/OMS).- Con un histrico acuerdo sobre acceso universal de salud y cobertura universal de salud finaliz hoy el 53 Consejo Directivo de la Organizacin Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), en Washington, DC. La Directora de la OPS, Carissa F. Etienne, calific de "histrica" la aprobacin de una estrategia y plan de accin regional que buscarn que todas las personas de la regin tengan acceso a los servicios de salud que necesitan, cuando los necesitan y sin temor a padecer dificultades financieras. La nueva estrategia regional "refleja la solidaridad panamericana, ya que hemos llegado a un acuerdo basado en valores profundamente compartidos y lecciones histricamente compartidas", consider y aclar que alcanzar el acceso y la cobertura universal de salud es un proceso gradual, y cada pas seguir su propio camino". Publicado 17 octubre 2014Ecuador presenta informe de preparacin de Conferencia Mundial Nutricin en GinebraEcuador, a travs de la Misin Permanente ante Naciones Unidas en Ginebra, se encuentra liderando el proceso de preparacin de la Segunda Conferencia Internacional de Nutricin, organizada por los Estados Miembros de la Organizacin Mundial de la Salud y la Organizacin de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentacin y la Agricultura (FAO, por sus siglas en ingls), que tendr lugar en Roma, Italia, del 19 al 21 de noviembre de 2014. Publicado 15 julio 2014

Informacin para los participantesInscripcin Disposiciones de seguridad Sede de la FAO Alojamiento en Roma Transporte Servicios de restauracin Informacin Prctica Servicios mdicos de urgencia

CredencialesLas credenciales de los delegados, suplentes, adjuntos y asesores, as como de los representantes de las organizaciones internacionales participantes, deben depositarse en poder del Director General de la FAO por lo menos 15 das antes de la fecha de apertura de la Conferencia. Por tanto, se ruega a los delegados que presenten las credenciales a ms tardar el 4 de noviembre de 2014.Se aceptarn como vlidas las credenciales presentadas mediante documentos tales como una carta firmada por la autoridad nacional competente, notas verbales, ordres de mission y en forma electrnica, en el entendimiento de que el original de las credenciales oficiales de los Miembros y Miembros Asociados se presentar a la Secretara (Sede de la FAO, sala A-484; telfono [+39] 0657055872; fax [+39] 0657056105; o por correo electrnico en la siguiente direccin: ICN2-Protocol@fao.org

VisadosLos participantes que requieran visado debern obtenerlo del Consulado de Italia o la Misin Diplomtica competente en su pas antes de viajar a Roma. Las solicitudes de visado debern presentarse con antelacin suficiente respecto a la salida, ya que la expedicin de un visado italiano puede requerir hasta tres semanas. Puede encontrarse informacin sobre los visados italianos en la siguiente pgina web: http://www.esteri.it/visti/index_eng.asp. Para cualquier otra informacin, puede ponerse en contacto con la Jefa de Protocolo de la FAO por correo electrnico (ICN2-Protocol@fao.org) o por telfono ([+39] 06570 53356).

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Tiempo de intervencin y declaracionesLa duracin de las declaraciones se limitar a cinco minutos por jefe de delegacin nacional y a cuatro minutos por organismo de las Naciones Unidas u otras organizaciones. Las solicitudes de turnos de intervencin durante el debate general en el pleno deben presentarse a la Oficina del Director de la Divisin de la Conferencia, del Consejo y de Protocolo (sala A-140, tel. [+39] 06570 53207). A tal fin, deber cumplimentar el formulario de Reserva de tiempo de intervencin, adjunto a la carta de invitacin, y remitirlo por correo electrnico a la siguiente direccin: ICN2-Speaking-Time@fao.org. Para facilitar el control del tiempo, un sistema de semforo instalado en el atril advierte al orador de que ha terminado el tiempo a su disposicin. Para garantizar la interpretacin exacta de las declaraciones y su publicacin oportuna despus de que hayan sido pronunciadas, las declaraciones debern enviarse al menos tres horas antes del inicio de la intervencin (preferiblemente en formato Word) a la direccin de correo electrnico Conference-Statements@fao.org.

Salas adicionalesLas personas que no hayan podido entrar en la Sala de Plenarias (en la tercera planta del Edificio A) la maana del 19 de noviembre podrn seguir la sesin inaugural en la Sala Roja (en la primera planta del Edificio A) gracias a una conexin de vdeo. Asimismo, la Sala Roja estar disponible como sala adicional para quienes deseen seguir las mesas redondas que se celebrarn en la Sala Verde (en la primera planta del Edificio A) los das 19 (por la tarde), 20 y 21 de noviembre.

Idiomas de las sesionesLas sesiones se llevarn a cabo en rabe, chino, espaol, francs, ingls y ruso. Durante la ceremonia inaugural tambin se ofrecer interpretacin al italiano. Si los oradores desean pronunciar una declaracin en otro idioma, debern proporcionar con bastante antelacin el texto en uno de los idiomas mencionados anteriormente a la Secretara de la Conferencia (en la sala A-274). La delegacin en cuestin tambin deber poner a disposicin del Grupo de Interpretacin (sala A-274, tel. [+39] 06570 52933) a una persona que conozca tanto el idioma en que se pronunciar la declaracin como el idioma al que se ha traducido para garantizar la sincronizacin entre el orador y el intrprete.

Los Miembros que deseen poner copias de sus declaraciones a disposicin de los participantes en la Conferencia debern entregar el nmero de copias deseado en el mostrador de distribucin de documentos situado en el Centro de servicios de conferencias de Corea (primera planta del Edificio A, a la entrada de las salas Roja y Verde).

Salas para reuniones bilaterales para los jefes de delegacinExiste un nmero limitado de pequeas salas de reunin que podrn reservarse para que los jefes de delegacin mantengan reuniones bilaterales o multilaterales. Las salas de reunin podrn ser reservadas por las delegaciones por horas y sern asignadas segn el orden en que se reciban las solicitudes. Para reservar una sala, se invita a las delegaciones nacionales a enviar un correo electrnico a ICN2-Services@fao.org indicando claramente la fecha, la hora deseada, las delegaciones que se reunirn y el nmero de participantes. La confirmacin definitiva de la reserva se proporcionar por correo electrnico antes de la reunin.

La Secretara no est en condiciones de proporcionar servicios de interpretacin para las reuniones bilaterales.

Servicios de Internet y telfono Hay cobertura WiFi en todas las salas de reunin, en el Atrio y en los bares y comedores. Los participantes con computadoras porttiles, telfonos inteligentes o tabletas habilitados para la conexin inalmbrica a redes de rea local (LAN) pueden utilizar este servicio seleccionando la red ICN2. El nombre de usuario y la contrasea se proporcionarn en el Diario de la CIN2. Se aconseja adems a los delegados que lleven a la Conferencia sus computadoras porttiles, telfonos inteligentes o tabletas cargados, as como cables alargadores y adaptadores para enchufes europeos.

Informacin para los participantes (PDF)

ltima actualizacin 14 de noviembre de 2014

http://www.fao.org/3/a-mk977s.pdfmailto:ICN2-Services@fao.orgmailto:Conference-Statements@fao.orgmailto:ICN2-Speaking-Time@fao.org

Frequently Asked Questions

What is ICN2?The Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2) is a high-level intergovernmental conference being held to focus global attention on malnutrition in all its formsundernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, overweight and obesity. It will be the first world forum to address global nutrition issues and challenges in the 21st century. The Rome Declaration on Nutrition and Framework for Action for its implementation are expected to be endorsed at ICN2.

ICN2 will address the persistent and unacceptably high levels of malnutrition that have serious consequences for individuals and families, societies and nations. While the global food system has succeeded in increasing the quantity of food produced to feed a growing population in terms of providing enough dietary energy, ensuring the availability, accessibility and affordability of a variety of food products that contribute to healthy diets for all remains a challenge. Poor and monotonous dietshigh in carbohydrate-rich staples but lacking in variety, diversity and micronutrient contentare a major contributing factor to malnutrition.

Today, we have a clearer understanding of the complex nature of malnutrition and we know what is needed to address the multiple challenges of malnutrition. Global nutrition problems require global solutionsthats why countries are coming together to move nutrition issues higher up the development agenda.

What has changed since the first ICN in 1992?There has been a significant improvement in overall nutritional status of the worlds population since the 1992 ICN. Millions of people have been lifted out of poverty and hunger (down 21% from the 1 billion hungry in 199092 to 805 million 201214). Today, more people are eating better, are enjoying more balanced diets and safer foods and are better able to meet their nutritional needs than ever before. As a result, people are living longer and healthier, thanks also due to improvements in water and sanitation, health services and rising incomes.

However, not everyone has benefited from such development and many have been left out. Progress in reducing hunger and undernutrition has been uneven and unacceptably slow. Some 805 million remain undernourished and 2 billion people are estimated to suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. To have so many people be hungry and malnourished in the 21st century is unacceptable. Moreover, alongside the problems of undernourishment and micronutrient deficiencies, today, many countries in the world are facing increasing problems of overweight and obesity, often starting during childhood, creating a double burden of nutrition-related ill-health. Over half a billion adults are obese while the incidence of diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs)such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes and some cancersis increasing globally.

What can be expected from ICN2?The Rome Declaration on Nutrition and the Framework for Action are expected to be endorsed at ICN2. Through the Declaration, countries commit to eradicate hunger and prevent all forms of malnutrition worldwideparticularly undernutrition in children, anaemia in women and children, and other micronutrient deficienciesas well as to reverse the trend in obesity and diet-related NCDs. It aims to do this by increasing investments in sustainable food systems to ensure access to balanced and healthy diets and nutrition for all.

The Framework or Action sets out how to create an enabling environment for effective action, and calls for strengthening sustainable food systems, including through investments in pro-poor agriculture and smallholder agriculture to improve diets and raise levels of nutrition; nutrition education and information; social protection; strengthened health systems for addressing specific conditions; improved water, sanitation and hygiene; and improved food safety. The Framework is underpinned by recommendations for ensuring accountability.

Committed leadership is required to put nutrition high on political agendas and foster cooperation and coordination among

partners.

What is malnutrition?Malnutrition is an abnormal condition caused by deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in energy and/or nutrients necessary for an active, healthy life. Therefore, it refers both to undernutrition and overnutrition, as well as to conditions arising from dietary imbalance leading to diet-related non-communicable diseases.

How widespread is malnutrition?Undernourishment or hunger affects 805 million people; chronic malnutrition as measured by stunting (low height-for-age) has declined, but still affects 161 million children under five years of age, while acute malnutrition as measured by wasting (low weight-for-height) affects 51 million children under five years of age; micronutrient deficiencies (also referred to as hidden hunger) affect an estimated 2 billion people. At the same time, about 500 million adults are obese.

Anaemia affects more than 1 billion people. It afflicts more than a third of all children under five in developing countries and accounts for 20% of maternal mortality. Vitamin A deficiency disorders, which cause blindness and weaken immune systems, also affect more than a third of young children in developing countries and cause 1 million child deaths annually. Zinc deficiency is another major risk to health; notably, it exacerbates diarrhoea, a major cause of illness and death among children.

More than one-quarter (27%) of all children under five in developing countries are stunted, meaning they are short for their age due to chronically inadequate intake of food. Infectious diseases such as diarrhoea, tuberculosis, malaria and HIV/AIDS contribute to severe undernutrition in mothers and children.

Five percent of global deaths (2.7 million) can be attributed to overweight/obesity. An estimated 6% of children under the age of five (42 million) are overweight.

Many developing countries now face multiple burdens of malnutrition, with people living in the same communitiessometimes even the same householdssuffering from undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies and obesity.

Where do the malnourished live?Every country is affected by some form of malnutrition. The highest levels of undernutrition and multiple micronutrient deficiencies are found in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, while rising obesity levels are a major concern worldwide, including in low- and middle-income countries. Countries facing particular challenges related to undernutrition include India, where almost half of all children are stunted, and Nigeria, where more than half of the poorest children are stunted. National data do not tell the whole story. In China, for example, food security and nutrition has increased significantly, but children in poor rural counties are six times more likely to be stunted than their urban peers.

Whose needs should receive priority attention?Everyone has the human right to adequate food and the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health. The Rome Declaration on Nutrition emphasizes the importance of all individuals having a diversified, balanced and healthy diet at all stages of life. In particular, it calls for special attention to be given to the first 1000 days from pregnancy to two years of age, pregnant and lactating women, women of reproductive age, and adolescent girls by promoting and supporting adequate care and feeding practices, including exclusive breastfeeding for six months and continued breastfeeding until two years of age and beyond with appropriate complementary feeding.

Other groups that will receive priority attention are the most vulnerable, neglected, socially excluded and economically marginalized parts of the population, including those affected by humanitarian crises. These groups must be included in the development process, and provided with decent employment as well as essential water, sanitation, hygiene and education services.

The Framework for Action strongly recommends both the promotion of universal health coverage and the use of cash and food transfers, including school lunch programmes, to ensure that vulnerable populations can improve their diets.

How does gender fit into the nutrition agenda?Malnutrition reflects socio-economic and gender inequalities in access to food, incomes, productive resources and other essential goods and services. Women have specific nutritional requirements that need to be acknowledged and met. In addition, gender-sensitive interventions should recognize and address womens critical role in food production, food purchase, processing and meal preparation and in providing care and support for family members. Empowering women and improving their access to, and control over, resources, opportunities, services and information can increase their productivity as food producers as well as incomes from other sources, resulting in better nutrition, health and education

outcomes for all the family.

Strengthening womens role in policy development is key for poverty alleviation and the eradication of malnutrition. Womens voices should be heard in decision-making from the household to the political level.

What are food systems?Food systems comprise the resources, environment, people, institutions and processes with which food is produced, processed, stored, distributed, prepared and consumed. The food system influences the availability and accessibility of diverse nutritious foods and thus the ability of consumers to choose healthy diets. The food system in terms of how food is produced, processed, distributed and marketed as well as the culture of food influence consumer choices, diets and nutrition. In turn, the demand generated through consumer preferences affects the food supply.

Food systems are changing rapidly, generally becoming more industrial, commercial and global, with profound implications for diets and nutrition, as well as for farmers. Governments have a role in shaping food systems to ensure food safety and balanced diets for all.

What is the nutrition transition?Nutrition transition refers to both quantitative and qualitative changes in the diet often associated with globalization, modernization of food systems, as well as urbanization and lifestyle changes that reflect reduced physical activity at work and during leisure time. The adverse dietary changes include shifts in diets towards a high-calorie diet with a greater content of fats and sugars and greater intake of saturated fats (mostly from animal sources) and reduced intake of fruits and vegetables. On the other hand, the nutrition transition has led to reductions in hunger. Increased dietary diversity may also have led to a fall in the proportion of those suffering from micronutrient deficiencies.

The shift experienced by most of the world population, from early death due to infectious diseases and hunger to death later in life due to other causes, can be viewed as a technological, social and economic success. However, these changes have brought some negative impacts, with obesity and associated non-communicable diseases such as heart disease, stroke, cancer and diabetes having emerged as major public health concerns, in developed and developing countries alike. People are leading more sedentary lifestyles and consuming more processed foods and drinks high in sugars, fats and salt than ever before. These changes in production and consumption have also come at a cost for the environment, with increased pressure on ecosystems and reduced biodiversity.

As much of the projected global population growth through 2050 will be urban, authorities are urged to anticipate such trends and try to shape food systems to sustainably produce foods and enable consumption that is conducive to better health.

How can the private sector contribute to addressing malnutrition?Collective actionrequiring collaboration between governments, the private sector, civil society and communitiesis instrumental to improving nutrition. The private sector, including smallholder farmers, has an important role to play in ensuring the availability, accessibility and distribution of diversified food products which contribute to healthy diets.

However, it should be noted that governments have the primary responsibility for taking action at country level, in particular those related to policy development.

The private sector has a role to play in producing and promoting the quality foods needed by consumers for a healthy diet.

Does the ICN2 Framework for Action envision the use of hard legislative powers in some cases?The Framework for Action is voluntary and notes that there is no one-size-fits-all nutrition solution or ideal shape of a food system. The Framework provides a set of policy options and strategies which governments can consider in relation to national needs and conditions, as well as regional and national priorities including in legal frameworks.

What does ICN2 say about the policy linkage between agriculture and nutrition?A key principle in the Rome Declaration on Nutrition and the Framework for Action is the call for coherent policies from production to consumption and across relevant sectors. This should sustainably improve nutrition by providing people with year-round access to food that meets their nutrition needs and promotes safe, diversified, healthy diets. The food -systems approach is meant to assist food, agriculture, health, trade, water and sanitation, social protection, education, transport and energy ministries to make integrated policy decisions.

What are food fortification and biofortification?Food fortification involves deliberately increasing the content of essential micronutrients (i.e. vitamins and minerals, including trace elements) in a food so as to improve the nutritional quality of the food supply and to provide a public health benefit with minimal risk to health. Food fortification may also be used for the purpose of preventing or correcting a deficiency of one or more nutrients in the population or specific population groups. Commonly fortified foods include widely used products such as salt, flour, sugar, vegetable oil, and rice.

Biofortification is the process of using traditional breeding practices and modern biotechnology to produce food crops such as rice, sweet potato, beans, wheat, millet or cassava that are rich in micronutrients.

What is a healthy diet?Nutrition guidelines generally suggest that healthy diets are diverse, containing an appropriate amount of energy, fat and protein, as well as micronutrients from a combination of cereals, vegetables, fruits and animal-source foods. Dietary diversitydefined as the number of different food groups consumed over a given time periodis an indicator of a high-quality diet.

WHO recommends that adults eat a mix of foods, with at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day, less than 10% of total energy from free sugars added to foods, and less than 30% of total energy from fats, and that salt should be limited to less than 5 g (approximately 1 teaspoon) per day and it should be iodized. Advice on a healthy diet for infants and young children is similar, but these elements are also important.

Infants should be breastfed exclusively for the first six months of life; Infants should continue to be breastfed until two years of age and beyond; From six months of age onwards, breast milk should be complemented with a variety of adequate, safe and nutrient-

dense complementary foods. Salt and sugars should not be added to complementary foods.

Should we all eat less meat?With incomes rising in developing countries, where traditionally people have had low disposable incomes, meat consumption is bound to rise. However, nutrition advice is for consumption to be in moderation. Too much of anything is not healthy.

Animal foods are good sources of high-quality protein and vitamins and minerals such as iron and zinc, which are especially important for children and lactating mothers. Increasing access to affordable animal-source foods could significantly improve many peoples nutritional status and health, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, the one region in the world where per capita meat consumption is not increasing. However, excess consumption of high fat-containing meat is associated with heart disease and other non-communicable diseases.

It should also be kept in mind that livestock offer many rural households non-food benefits such as a store of wealth, a risk-management service, energy in the form of draught power, and often boost womens employment.

What can we learn from nutrition success stories?We need to learn from the past to create a better future. We can learn from success stories as well as from mistakes and even failures. One lesson is that adopting a multi track approach may be best: malnutrition in all its forms cannot be solved by one miracle solution: it needs concerted and coherent systemic approaches implemented by multiple actors working in very different areas of health, trade, agriculture, education, social protection, etc. Mainstreaming nutrition into food and agriculture policy frameworks and bolstering local institutions capacity to identify problems and deliver solutions is crucially important, but so is providing resources and services to those households most at risk of malnutrition.

Nutrition can be improved by ensuring that increases in food production are channelled into well-functioning markets, narrowing the gap between locally available foods and the foods required for a healthy diet. Other strategies include increasing small-scale production of micronutrient-rich foods, reducing post-harvest food losses, selecting and breeding plants to increase micronutrient levels, and education and social marketing strategies to encourage the production and consumption of foods rich in needed micronutrients. Introducing weather-risk insurance schemes may help, and publicprivate partnerships that engage with farmer organizations and civil society groups to promote local food purchases also show promise. Many developing countries have had positive experiences with locally sourced school feeding programmes, and investing in womens and girls education is a clear winner for nutrition.

Do we have all the data we need to achieve nutrition goals?The ICN2 agreements call for all countries, and especially for developing countries, to improve food and nutrition information systems and increase their capacity for data collection and analysis. It is especially important to have good data

if we are to accurately identify nutrition problems and craft solutions and ensure accountability.

What can be done to reduce food waste and losses?Globally, about one-third of the food that is produced for human consumption is lost or wasted. In developing countries, most losses occur at the farm level and along the supply chain before they reach the consumer. Reducing those losses by improving harvesting, storage, processing and distribution practices could increase food supplies, reduce food prices and reduce pressure on land and other scarce resources. In developed countries, the bulk of waste occurs after purchase, so greater focus should be placed on consumer education and information.

VDEO: Qu es la doble carga?

La doble carga de la malnutricin se produce cuando el sobrepeso y la obesidad coexisten con la desnutricin en los mismos pases. Es ms comn en las economas en desarrollo. En este breve video puedes aprender ms acerca de la doble carga de la mano de expertos de la FAO y de la OMS.

VDEO: Qu es el hambre crnica?

Ms de 800 millones de personas en el mundo constantemente no ingieren suficientes alimentos y se van a dormir con hambre. Los efectos del hambre crnica son irreversibles, lo que contribuye a casi la mitad de todas las muertes infantiles en todo el mundo. En este breve video puedes aprender ms acerca del hambre crnica de la mano de expertos de la FAO y de la OMS.

INFOGRAFA: La Declaracin de Roma sobre la Nutricin

Se prev que la Segunda Conferencia Internacional sobre Nutricin (CIN2) apruebe un documento poltico final, esto es, la Declaracin de Roma sobre la Nutricin y el Marco de accin tcnico correspondiente para orientar su aplicacin. La Declaracin compromete a los pases a erradicar el hambre y a prevenir todas las formas de malnutricin en el mundo especialmente la desnutricin infantil y la anemia en las mujeres y nios, entre otras carencias de micronutrientes as como a invertir la tendencia al aumento de la obesidad. A estos efectos, propone aumentar las inversiones en los sistemas alimentarios para mejorar las dietas y la nutricin de las personas. El Marco recomienda una serie de medidas para la creacin de un entorno favorable a una accin eficaz y el fortalecimiento los sistemas alimentarios sostenibles, por ejemplo mediante inversiones a favor de la agricultura de los pobres y la agricultura en pequea escala para mejorar las dietas y los niveles de nutricin, la promocin de la educacin e informacin nutricionales, la proteccin social, el fortalecimiento de los sistemas sanitarios para hacer frente a condiciones especficas, la mejora de los servicios de agua, saneamiento e higiene, y la mejora de la inocuidad de los alimentos.

Vea a la infografa para conocer ms sobre la Declaracin de Roma y sobre las medidas que los gobiernos pueden adoptar para eliminar la malnutricin.

Enlaces relacionados http://www.fao.org/about/meetings/icn2/es; Fecha: 17/11/2014 Descargar en PDF

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Acerca de En accin Pases Temas Medios Publicaciones Estadsticas AsociacionesPor qu una CIN2?Segunda Conferencia Internacional sobre Nutricin (CIN2)CIN 1992RecursosParticipacin de las partes interesadasParticipacin de actores no estatales en la CIN2Sesin plenariaMesas redondasEventos paralelosDocumentosDocumentos de trabajoDocumentos de informacinDocumentos de exposicin de conceptos de las mesas redondasArchivo de noticiasEn los mediosInformacin para los participantesCredencialesVisadosTiempo de intervencin y declaracionesSalas adicionalesIdiomas de las sesionesSalas para reuniones bilaterales para los jefes de delegacinServicios de Internet y telfonoFrequently Asked QuestionsWhat is ICN2?What has changed since the first ICN in 1992?What can be expected from ICN2?What is malnutrition?How widespread is malnutrition?Where do the malnourished live?Whose needs should receive priority attention?How does gender fit into the nutrition agenda?What are food systems?What is the nutrition transition?How can the private sector contribute to addressing malnutrition?Does the ICN2 Framework for Action envision the use of hard legislative powers in some cases?What does ICN2 say about the policy linkage between agriculture and nutrition?What are food fortification and biofortification?What is a healthy diet?Should we all eat less meat?What can we learn from nutrition success stories?Do we have all the data we need to achieve nutrition goals?What can be done to reduce food waste and losses?VDEO: Qu es la doble carga?VDEO: Qu es el hambre crnica?INFOGRAFA: La Declaracin de Roma sobre la Nutricin