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© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007

The green data center

More than social responsibility: a foundation for growth, economic gain and operating stability

The green data center | 05/01/23 2 © Copyright IBM Corporation 2007

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Environmental concerns go beyond social responsibility — straight to the bottom line

Increasingly urgent warnings about the consequences of rising energy demands and increased greenhouse gas emissions are now focusing more attention than ever on the need to improve energy efficiency

Energy consumption issues and environmental concerns can impact a company’s ability to grow…

…especially when the company’s data center can’t accommodate new servers or storage because of power availability or infrastructure constraints

But the good news is that a green, or environmentally friendly, data center may be one of the best ways to accommodate growth and make a positive impact on the bottom line


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Contents

Understanding the issues

Making the transition – where to begin

Reducing cooling requirements

Increasing facilities system efficiency

Reducing power consumption

Taking the first step

Why IBM


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Power-hungry data centers are facing new pressures: a potential crisis is on the horizon

Increasing demand for computing

Gartner, Data Center Power and Cooling Challenge, Gartner 25th annual data conference presentation, Michael A. Bell, December 2006

By 2008, 50 percent of current data centers will have insufficient power and cooling capacity to meet the demands of high density equipment.

Changing total cost dynamics

Lagging data center investments


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Inexpensive dense computing and increasing power costs are shifting requirements and spending

The cost to power and cool servers in the data center could increase 54% by 2010

SOURCE: IDC, ‘Worldwide Server Power and Cooling Expense 2006-2010,’ Document #203598, Sept. 2006

New server spendPower & cooling spend

“With the growing demand for cheaper and ever-more-powerful high-performance computer clusters, the problem is not just paying for the

computers, but determining whether we have the budget to pay for power and cooling.” – University administrator


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Cost isn’t the only factor that is potentially inhibiting companies' ability to grow

Some companies can't even deploy more servers because extra electricity isn't available at any price. Many utilities, especially those in crowded urban areas, are telling customers that power feeds are at capacity and they simply have no more power to sell.


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That's why power companies and governments worldwide are actively promoting energy efficiency Over 80 local utility and state energy efficiency programs in the U.S. are

offering rebates for increasing energy efficiency A recently passed bill authorizes the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

(EPA) to analyze the growth of energy consumption in data centers The European Union has established a directive to drive a 20% reduction in

energy usage by 2020 Australia requires all companies using more than 150,000 MWH of electricity

per year to prepare an assessment and action plan


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The message is clear…

Energy costs are rising

Energy supply is

limited

The data center infrastructure is being taxed, and its ability to meet business demands is at stake


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Contents


Making the transition – where to beginReducing cooling requirements




Why IBM


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How do you go about creating an energy-efficient green data center?

Componentpower efficiency

Rackdesign

Product design

and workload/ energy management

Thermal load management

Power management:

Measure

Cap

Adjust to workload

VirtualizationPower and workload management

Data center Network

Integration maximizes power savings

Rack/roomlayout

Air flowmanagement

Liquid heatremoval

Variable cooling

deliveryFacilities systemimprovements

Integrate cooling delivery with equipment demand

Optimize the delivery of power and cooling to the data center(reduce wastage)

Reduce system power losses through utilization of more efficient equipment

The technologies and strategies for improving data center energy efficiency span the data center ecosystem


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The most productive first step is to conduct a best practices assessment and energy audit

Develop a holistic view of your environment, taking the following factors into account: An inventory of your current systems, their power usage and locations

Your company’s business and growth plans — to help forecast future needs

Current or planned governmental energy efficiency regulations in your area

Available energy efficiency rebates or economic incentives from government sources or your energy provider

Any already established goals for reducing your company’s carbon footprint — and the timeframe set for achieving those goals


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Use the results of the assessment to build a list of opportunities to drive maximum energy efficiency

Blocking cable openings to prevent cold air waste in the hot aisle

Removing under-floor cable blockages that impede airflow Turning off servers that are not doing any work Turning off computer room air conditioning (CRAC) units

in areas that are overprovisioned for cooling

Major projects might include upgrading chillers or uninterruptible power supplies (UPS)…

While other, less expensive measures could include:


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Keep in mind that business needs are likely to change over time

Employ a modular approach to the design of future power and cooling capacity, allowing for easy expansion or modification

Factor in local conditions and time periods Remember that chiller or heating, ventilation and air

conditioning (HVAC) energy usage will vary with outdoor temperature and humidity conditions

Ensure that power and cooling scenarios are designed for recovery, and not just for steady-state operation


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Whose job is it?

IT department

Facilities department

Outside consultants

The green data center

Collaboration is critical to the successful creation – and maintenance – of a green data center


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Contents



Reducing cooling requirementsIncreasing facilities system efficiency



Why IBM


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Improving rack and room layout

Improvements in rack and room layout can increase energy efficiency with relatively low upfront investment

Organize IT equipment into a hot aisle and cold aisle configuration Position the equipment so that you can control the airflow between the

hot and cold aisles and prevent hot air from recirculating back to the IT equipment cooling intakes

Leverage low-cost supplemental cooling options — such as water or refrigerant heat exchangers

Improve rack cooling efficiency by employing a rear door heat exchanger or an enclosed racking system to dissipate heat from high-density computer systems before it enters the room


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Example of a cooling problem: heated air from the hot aisle flows directly into the cold aisle


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Blockages let you control airflow between hot and cold aisles


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Improving airflow management

Relatively simple improvements in airflow management can boost energy efficiency Take advantage of the current capacity by clearing under-floor blockages and

implementing effective cable management Ensure that floor openings match the equipment thermal load by adding or

removing perforated tiles at the equipment air intakes Consider adding ducted returns


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Contents




Increasing facilities system efficiencyReducing power consumption


Why IBM


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Energy efficiency for infrastructure equipment has significantly improved in recent years

Replacing chiller or UPS systems that have been in service for 15 years or more can result in substantial savings

New best-in-class UPS systems can experience as much as 70% less loss than legacy UPS equipment

New chiller systems can improve efficiency by up to 50% New chiller plants also can be installed with variable-

speed drives, reducing pumping system energy usage and allowing better integration of the liquid cooling system into the chilled water infrastructure

Water-side economizers, which utilize outside air to directly cool the chilled water, can further reduce the energy required to run the chillers


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Thermal storage systems can augment the capacity and efficiency of chilled water systems

Storing energy at night – when chillers typically operate more

efficiently…

…then releasing that energy during the day – when energy costs are

higher


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Two ways that air delivery can be made more efficient

or

Central HVAC systems Tend to be more efficient Are larger and more amenable to taking advantage of

no-cost cooling – when outside air temperatures are sufficiently low to provide some or all of the cooling requirements

Computer Room Air Conditioning (CRAC) units Provide greater flexibility in managing the data center


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Relaxing stringent relative humidity and temperature requirements can help save energy and boost cooling capacity

Eliminating hot spots will allow humidity and temperature specifications to be eased


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Taking advantage of options for more eco-friendly power sources can help reduce your company’s carbon footprint

Integrating renewable energy into the power supply — including solar, wind, hydro and bio-mass generated energy — is a good way to reduce dependency on fossil fuels


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Contents





Reducing power consumptionTaking the first step

Why IBM


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Applying innovative technologies within the data center can yield more computing power per kilowatt

Replacing older IT equipment with newer models can significantly reduce overall power and cooling requirements and free up valuable floor space

IBM studies have demonstrated that blade servers reduce power and cooling requirements by 25 to 40% over 1U technologies

While it may seem financially unwise to replace equipment before it’s fully depreciated, the advantages that new models can offer — lower energy consumption, plus two to three times more computing power than older models — combined with potential space, power and cooling recoveries are enough to offset any lost asset value


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Virtualization can be a tremendous ally in reducing heat and expense — simply because it means that you’ll need fewer servers

Fact:Servers use energy and give off heat whether they’re in use 100% of the time or 15% of the time

1

Fact:The difference in electricity consumed and heat generated between those two points is not significant

2

Fact:A server that is only 15 % utilized will actually cost as much to run as a server that is fully utilized

3


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Virtualization is a technology designed to enable multiple application workloads to run on a single machine

Each application workload can have an independent computing environment and service level objectives

Avoids the need to dedicate a single workload to a single server – which yields low utilization rates

Allows virtualized servers to function near maximum capacity The environment is typically more resilient than a dedicated

server environment Component failures can be automatically managed and the

workload restarted Resources in a virtualized environment can be managed from a

single point of control, improving operations


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Storage virtualization offers similar advantages Can be used to combine storage capacity

from multiple vendors into a single reservoir of capacity that can be managed from a central point

Reduces the number of spindles required, increasing the total amount of available disk space and optimizing utilization rates

Can improve application availability by insulating host applications from changes to the physical storage infrastructure

Fact:The most energy efficient equipment is equipment that’s no longer in use — whether it’s a server, a router or a storage device

4


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New power management technology gives data center managers full control over optimizing power consumption

Enables metering of actual power usage and produces trend data for any single physical system or group of systems

Allows for capping the amount of power used by a single server or groups of servers — based on workloads and business trends — to optimize energy use and application performance without sacrificing productivity


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Environmentally responsible disposal can help accelerate the movement to greener equipment

About 1 billion computers will become potential scrap between now and 2010 (IDC, Gartner and the National Safety Council)

55% of US-based companies do not have an IT disposal strategy(IDC)

Eco-friendly disposal services typically ensure compliance with regulations and remove data before disposal.

Some programs will pay market value for the old equipment


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Contents






Taking the first stepWhy IBM


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Do you have a game plan? Are you prepared to continue supplying a reliable, high-

performance infrastructure to support your company’s business – within your allocated budget and in the face of a changing environment?

Do you know for sure that your data center can meet growing power and cooling demands?

Do you have a plan to manage the impact of rising energy costs?

Are you taking advantage of financial incentives or rebates? Are you prepared to contribute to corporate initiatives to reduce

greenhouse gas emissions? Do you have a strategy for your data center to ensure that you

can continue to meet your company’s expectations?


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Focus on the ‘four Rs’ in thinking green – to help keep your company operating in the black

We believe that the following “four Rs” must play an essential role in the development of any initiative to create a green data center:

Regain power and cooling capacity

Recapture resiliency

Reduce energy costs

Recycle end-of-life equipment


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Contents







Why IBM


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IBM has the global experience and expertise to help you develop and implement a successful green data center initiative

Dedicated team of 500+ experts globally; having designed and built: 30 million+ square feet of raised floor

100+ IBM data centers – with 6 million square feet in production

100+ IBM business recovery centers to house clients in crisis

5 of the top 14 green/intelligent buildings in Japan

Global strength and worldwide local presence, including: The five largest banks in China The largest customer data center in India

Deep technological expertise derived from firsthand experience: Leading provider of server and storage technologies One of the largest users of equipment from Hewlett Packard, Sun,

EMC, etc.


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While some assume that cutting CO2 emissions costs businesses money, IBM has found just the opposite

Energy efficiency solutions have saved IBM an annual average of US$15.8 million and achieved an enviable 4.9 percent annual average energy savings rate against its annual energy usage since 1998

In CO2 emission avoidance, that's equal to removing 51,600 cars, each traveling 10,000 miles annually


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What are the next steps IBM can help you can take to improve your data center efficiency?Web-based self-assessment toolFree self-assessment to highlight opportunities for energy efficiency improvement by providing: Report on improvement areas IBM service recommendations

www.ibm.com/itsolutions/optimizeit/cost_efficiency//energy_efficiency/services.html

Data center energy efficiency assessment

An IBM service designed to help you understand your energy use and identify measures to improve energy efficiency by providing:

An assessment of the energy usage of the cooling, electrical and building systems that support your IT equipment

Identification of opportunities for improving energy efficiency

Business-case financial justification for efficiency improvements based on potential energy cost savings

Prioritized potential investments

Comparison to a data center energy efficient standard

Estimated Electricity Annual Savings

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© IBM Corporation 2007. All Rights Reserved

IBM and the IBM logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both.

Other company, product and service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.

References in this publication to IBM products or services do not imply that IBM intends to make them available in all countries in which IBM operates.

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