Proyecto Situación de Venezuela

8/16/2019 Proyecto Situación de Venezuela

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REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA.

MINISTERIO DEL PODER POPULAR PARA LA EDUCACIÓN.

CANTAURA, ESTADO: ANZOÁTEGUI.

U.E. “SANTA JOAQUINA DE VEDRUNA.I DE CIENCIAS, SECCIÓN “A”.

ESTUDIO DE LA SITUACION ACTUAL DEL PAIS Y SUS EFECTOS

EN LA ELECCION VOCACIONAL DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE I DE

CIENCIAS “C” DE LA U.E “SANTA JOAQUINA DE VEDRUNA”

CANTAURA, EDO. ANZOATEGUI.

Asesor(a! I"#e$ra"#es!

Mara E!"#a Bar$%!%&&' Á!(ar"&, A#)r*+

Á!(ar"&, J%+*

Barr'%+, Mara

C%#$r"ra+, "#r'-"

Gar/a, Mar'0"!

a!a0', E!'+a0"$1

a2&", Ja&2#

P'#%, Pa%!a

P*r"&, Gra/'"!a

R%)r3"&, A#a

Ca#$ara, J#'% )" 4567


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TA%LA DE CONTENIDOS

RESUMENDEDICATORIA

AGRADECIMIENTOINTRODUCCIÓN

CAPÍTULO I: El problema

P!a#$"a2'"#$% )"! 8r%0!"2aO09"$'(%+ )" !a I#("+$'3a/'#D"!'2'$a/'%#"+J+$';'/a/'#CAPÍTULO II: Marco Teórico

A#$"/")"#$"+ )" !a '#("+$'3a/'#

Ba+" $"r'/a+'8$"+'+Var'a0!"+Ba+"+ !"3a!"+P!a# )" A//'#G!%+ar'% )" $*r2'#%+CAPÍTULO III: Marco Metodológico.T'8% )" I#("+$'3a/'#D'+"


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La 8r"+"#$" '#("+$'3a/'# +" r"a!'& /%# "! ;'# )" “A#a!'&ar !a +'$a/'# a/$a! )"

V"#"&"!a = ++ ";"/$%+ "# !a "!"//'# (%/a/'%#a! )" !%+ "+$)'a#$"+ )" I )"

C'"#/'a+ “C” "# !a U.E Sa#$a J%a-'#a )" V")r#a”. M"$%)%!3'/a2"#$" "+ #"+$)'% )" /ar>/$"r /a!'$a$'(% = /%rr"+8%#)" a! $'8% )" '#("+$'3a/'# a8!'/a)a,

$ra#+"//'%#a!, )"+/r'8$'(a, 0a9% "! )'+"+ a !% )%/2"#$a!.

La+ $*/#'/a+ 8ara !a r"/%!"//'# )" )a$%+ ;"r%# !a+ "#/"+$a+ "+$r/$ra)a+,

2'"#$ra+ -" !%+ '#+$r2"#$%+ $'!'&a)%+ ;"r%# 1%9a )" 2>-'#a, '28r"+%ra,

/>2ara ;%$%3r>;'/a, "$/.

DEDICATORIA


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D")'/a2%+ "+$" $ra0a9% 8r'#/'8a!2"#$" a D'%+, 8%r )ar#%+ !a (')a = 8"r2'$'r#%+!!"3ar a "+$" 2%2"#$% '28%r$a#$" )" #"+$ra ;%r2a/'# a/a)*2'/a.

A #"+$r%+ 8a)r"+, 8%r +"r #"+$r%+ 8'!ar"+ ;#)a2"#$a!"+ = )"2%+$rar#%+ +

/ar'


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AGRADECI&IENTO

I#;'#'$a+ 3ra/'a+ a D'%+, 8%r /%#/")"r#%+ !a +a0')ra #"/"+ar'a 8ara r"a!'&ar *+$"

Tra0a9% )" I#("+$'3a/'#.

Gra/'a+ a #"+$r%+ 8a)r"+ 8%r !a /%#;'a#&a = "! a8%=% 0r'#)a)%, )"2%+$r>#)%#%+

+ a2%r, /%rr'3'"#)% ;a!$a+ = /"!"0ra#)% #"+$r%+ $r'#;%+.

A !a Pr%;"+%ra Mara E!"#a Bar$%!%&&' 8%r +"r #"+$ra 3a, )ra#$" !a "!a0%ra/'#

)" "+$" 8r%="/$%.

'#a!2"#$" a #"+$r%+ /%28a


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INTRODUCCION

Dra#$" 2/1%+ a#)%!%+ /a)a ("& 2>+ a "+$ar "# !%+ #'("!"+ )"8%0r"&a = !!"(>#)%!%+ a 1a/"r a/$'(')a)"+ 8ara!"!a+ -" #a)a $'"#"# -" ("r /%#!a /a8a/'$a/'# = a)'"+$ra2'"#$%.

La ")/a/'# ("#"&%!a#a "+$> "# /r'+'+, "# ("& )" )'+/$'r )" a(a#/", 8r%3r"+%, =$"2a+ ;#)a2"#$a!"+ 8ara !a ")/a/'# ("#"&%!a#a, "+$a2%+ a8"#a+ !/1a#)%8%r # 8r"+8"+$% 9+$% = r"+8"$% )" !a a$%#%2a.

CAP'TULO I! EL PRO%LE&A


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PLANTEA&IENTO DEL PRO%LE&A

G"#"ra!2"#$" +%# 2/1%+ !%+ ;a/$%r"+ -" '#;!="# "# !a "!"//'# (%/a/'%#a! )"!%+ 9("#"+ )"! 2#)%. E?'+$"# 2/1a+ 8%+'0'!')a)"+ )" "+$)'% U#'("r+'$ar'%, a+/%2% )';'/!$a)"+ 8ara '#3r"+ar a "+$". Pr%0!"2a+ 3"%3r>;'/%+ = 2%#"$ar'%++"!"# a;"/$ar a !%+ 9("#"+ )" $%)% "! 2#)%. P"r% "# V"#"&"!a "?'+$"# %$ra+!'2'$a/'%#"+ )" (ar'a)a+ #)%!"+, = $%)a )"0')a+ a !a +'$a/'# )"! 8a+. Para #a)'""+ # +"/r"$% -" V"#"&"!a "+$> +;r'"#)% #a /r'+'+, #% +%!% "/%#2'/a =8%!$'/a +'#% $a20'*# +%/'a!. E+$% #% a;"/$a a #%+%$r%+ /%2% "+$)'a#$"+ )'r"/$a %'#)'r"/$a2"#$" "# )'+$'#$%+ a+8"/$%+. E! )"+"28!"% = !a )"!'#/"#/'a 1a# +')% #%)" !%+ ;a/$%r"+ "/%#2'/%+ = +%/'a!"+ 2>+ arra'3a)%+ =a -" !%+ $ra0a9a)%r"+$'"#"# -" +%0r"('('r /%# # +"!)% 2#'2%, a;"/$a#)% ++ "2%/'%#"+ = + (')a

;a2'!'ar. E+$% %/a+'%#a -" 2/1a+ 8"r+%#a+ -")"# )"+"28!"a)a+ = "# # 8a+)%#)" !a "/%#%2a #% /r"/" = #% +" 8")"# 3"#"rar #"(a+ '#)+$r'a+, #"(a+"28r"+a+ = #"(a+ %8%r$#')a)"+ !a0%ra!"+.

E# V"#"&"!a +" )"0'"ra# "+$ar )"0a$'"#)% $"2a+ 8r'2%r)'a!"+ /%2%: 2"9%rar ++$a#/'a!2"#$" !a ")/a/'# 80!'/a, '#/r"2"#$ar "! #2"r% )" 8!a#$"!"+ /%#")/a/'# 2")'a = )'("r+';'/a)a, '#/r"2"#$ar !%+ 0"#";'/'%+ "/%#2'/%+ a!8r%;"+%ra)%, +0'r !%+ #)'/"+ a/a)*2'/%+ 8ara %8$ar a !a /arr"ra )" ")/a/'#,'#/"#$'(ar !a '#("+$'3a/'#, "+8"/'a!'&a/'# = 2a"+$ra+ a! 8r%;"+%ra)%, a28!'ar "!1%rar'% a/a)*2'/% 8ara '#/%r8%rar 2a$"r'a+ "!"/$'(a+ = a/$'(')a)"+ /!$ra!"+,

%;r"/"r /%2")%r"+ "+/%!ar"+ "# $%)%+ !%+ 8!a#$"!"+ ")/a$'(%+, r"('+'# )" !%+8"#+2 a/a)*2'/%+ " '#/%r8%ra/'# )" 2a$"r'a+ ;#)a2"#$a!"+ -" 8"r2'$a# !a/%28r"#+'# )"! 2#)% a/$a!.

M'"#$ra+ "# V"#"&"!a +" 2a#$"#3a #a ")/a/'# 80!'/a 8%0r", = #a")/a/'# 8r'(a)a /a)a )a 2>+ )";'/'$ar'a, #% +" 8%)r> r"("r$'r "! 8r%0!"2a"+$r/$ra! )" 8%0r"&a -" '28"ra "# "! 8a+.

E+$" "+ #% )" !%+ 8#$%+ 8r'#/'8a!"+, #%+ a;"/$a )'r"/$a2"#$" =a -", +' $"#"2%+')"a )" -" -"r"2%+ "+$)'ar, $"#"2%+ -" 8"#+ar "# -" 1a= /'"r$a+ /arr"ra+-" #% $'"#"# # "28!"% 0'"# r"2#"ra)% % '#/!+% #% +" /%#+'3" "28!"%. La+#'("r+')a)"+ "# V"#"&"!a 1a# +;r')% # )"$"r'%r%, 8%r !a 2a!a a)2'#'+$ra/'#/%2% "! #'("! '#$"r#% )" !a U#'("r+')a), /%2% 8%r !a 8%/a '#("r+'# = 8r"+8"+$%-" "! "9"/$'(% !" 8"r2'$". S'# "20ar3%, !a )";'/'"#/'a 8r"+8"+$ar'a, +" 1a0a!!"(a)% )" ;%r2a 2")'a#a2"#$" "+$a0!" )ra#$" # !ar3% 8"r'%)%. L%3ra#)%2a#$"#"r "! ;#/'%#a2'"#$% = )"+"#(%!('2'"#$% )" !a+ a/$'(')a)"+ r"3!ar"+ +'#'#$"rr8/'%#"+.


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E! +'+$"2a ")/a$'(% a/$a! #"/"+'$a, r"/r+%+ 12a#%+, ;+'/%+ = ;'#a#/'"r%+/a)a ("& 2a=%r"+ "# !a+ !$'2a+ )*/a)a+, !%+ )';"r"#$"+ 3%0'"r#%+ 1a# )a)% a !a")/a/'# !a 8r'2"ra 8r'%r')a) )"+$'#a#)% '28%r$a#$"+ 8%r/'%#"+ )"! 8r"+8"+$%#a/'%#a!, +'# "20ar3%, a/+a 3ra("+ ;a!!a+. Ca0" 2"#/'%#ar "! '#$"#$% +'+$"2>$'/%

)" 2%)"r#'&a/'# -" +" 1a ("#')% %8"ra#)% "# !%+ !$'2%+ a


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O%JETIVOS DE LA INVESTIGACION

O+e#)-o Ge"era!

A#a!'&ar !a +'$a/'# a/$a! )" V"#"&"!a = ++ ";"/$%+ "# !a "!"//'#

(%/a/'%#a! )" !%+ "+$)'a#$"+ )" I )" C'"#/'a+ “C” "# !a U.E Sa#$a J%a-'#a)" V")r#a.

O+e#)-os ese/01)/os!

A#a!'&ar !a +'$a/'# "/%#2'/a -" 8r"+"#$a V"#"&"!a. I#)a3ar !a+ "!"//'%#"+ (%/a/'%#a!"+ )'+8%#'0!"+ "# !a+ U#'("r+')a)"+ "

'#+$'$$%+ )"! 8a+. E+$)'ar !a +'$a/'# 8%!$'/a a/$a!. D"+/r'0'r "! "+$a)% +%/'a! "# -" +" "#/"#$ra V"#"&"!a. I#)'/ar !a+ )"+("#$a9a+ )" !a +'$a/'# a/$a! 8ara !%+ "+$)'a#$"+ )" !a U.E

Sa#$a J%a-'#a )" V")r#a.


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DELI&ITACION DE LA INVESTIGACION

La I#("+$'3a/'# +" r"a!'&a "# Ca#$ara E+$a)% A#&%>$"3' "+8"/;'/a2"#$" "# !aU#')a) E)/a$'(a Sa#$a J%a-'#a )" V")r#a "# !%+ a!2#%+ )"! /'/!%)'("r+';'/a)%. C%# "! 8r%8+'$% )" )ar a /%#%/"r !a+ 8%+'0!"+ 8r%0!"2>$'/a+ =)';'/!$a)"+ -" +" 8r"+"#$a# "# !a "!"//'# (%/a/'%#a! 8ara !%+ 9("#"+.


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JUSTIFICACION DE LA INVESTIGACION

E# !a V"#"&"!a )" 1%=, +" ('("# 2%2"#$%+ )';/'!"+ "# /a#$% a !%+ "+$)'%+#'("r+'$ar'%+ = $*/#'/%+. M/1%+ 9("#"+ "+$)'a#$"+ #% "9"r/"# !a /arr"ra "# #$ra0a9%, )"0')% a !%+ )'+$'#$%+ 8r%0!"2a+ -" 1a= % -" 8")a# 8r"+"#$ar+" "# !%+"+$a)%+ )"! 8a+, $ra="#)% a+ 2/1a+ )';'/!$a)"+. E+ 8%r "+$% -" "! /%#$"#')%)"! 8r"+"#$" 8r%="/$% +" )"+3!%+a 8r'#/'8a!2"#$" )"0')% a -" "+ # $"2a+2a2"#$" a28!'% "# "! 8a+, a0ar/a#)% !%+ "+$)'%+ )" !a+ 8"r+%#a+ @)"+)" !%+#'


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CAP'TULO II! &ARCO TE2RICO.

ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVESTIGACION

N% +" "#/%#$rar%# a#$"/")"#$"+ r";"r"#$"+ a !a '#("+$'3a/'# )"0')% a -" "!$"2a @!a +'$a/'# )"! 8a+ "+ a/$a!, = $%)a !a '#;%r2a/'# $'!'&a)a "# "+$"8r%="/$% )" '#("+$'3a/'# ;" "#/%#$ra)a "# #%$'/'a+ = 8"r')'/%+ +%0r" !%++/"+%+ %/rr')%+ "# "! 8a+ @)%/2"#$a! = "# /%2"#$ar'%+, 0!%3+ % "#$r"('+$a+)" "+8"/'a!'+$a+ "# 8%!$'/a, "/%#%2a, ")/a/'#, "$/.


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%ASES TEORICAS

La Or)e"#a/)3" Vo/a/)o"a!

La Or'"#$a/'# V%/a/'%#a! "+ # 8r%/"+% -" $'"#" /%2% %09"$'(% )"+8"r$ar '#$"r"+"+ (%/a/'%#a!"+, a9+$ar )'/1%+ '#$"r"+"+ a !a /%28"$"#/'a !a0%ra! )"!+9"$% = a !a+ #"/"+')a)"+ )"! 2"r/a)% )" $ra0a9%. E! 8r'2"r 8a+% )" !ar"1a0'!'$a/'# (%/a/'%#a! "+ !a "!"//'# )" # '#$"r*+ r"a!'+$a -" 8"r2'$a a! +9"$%a!/a#&ar + 2"$a !a0%ra! @A#$1%#= = /%!+., 6H. La a+"#/'a )" "?8"r'"#/'a!a0%ra!, "! )"+/%#%/'2'"#$% )" !a+ 8r%8'a+ 1a0'!')a)"+ = /a8a/')a)"+, !a ;a!$a )"/%#%/'2'"#$%+ +%0r" "! 2"r/a)% !a0%ra! = "! a$% /%#/"8$% )" 8"r+%#a #%"28!"a0!", +%# a!3#%+ )" !%+ ;a/$%r"+ -" /%#)/"# a #a %r'"#$a/'#(%/a/'%#a! )"+a9+$a)a.

a/$%r"+ -" '#;!="# +'3#';'/a$'(a2"#$" "# "! 8r%/"+% )" %r'"#$a/'# (%/a/'%#a!

La 2%$'(a/'# !a0%ra! r"a! )"! +ar'%.

La '#'/'a$'(a "# !a 0+-")a )" "28!"% = )" ;%r2a/'#.

La +'$a/'# ;a2'!'ar.

La r"!a/'# )"! +9"$% /%# "! 2#)% !a0%ra!

La+ !'2'$a/'%#"+ = 1a0'!')a)"+ !a0%ra!"+ )"! +9"$%.

I#$"r"+"+ )"! +9"$%. R"/r+%+ "/%#2'/%+.

La Ee//)3" Vo/a/)o"a!

E+ #a "?8r"+'# )" !a 8"r+%#a!')a), "+ #a )"/'+'# -" +" r"!a/'%#a /%# !a')"#$')a) )" /a)a #%. D" a1 -", "# !a 2")')a -" 8%)a2%+ $"#"r /!ar% />!"++%# #"+$r%+ '#$"r"+"+ = 1a0'!')a)"+, 2>+ /"r/a (a2%+ a "+$ar )" a/"r$ar "# #a;$ra "!"//'# 8r%;"+'%#a!. C%#%/"r -* 8%+'0'!')a)"+ %;r"/" "! 2"r/a)%, -*ra2%+ +" "+$)'a# "# /a)a /arr"ra % />!"+ +%# !a+ a/$'(')a)"+ 3"#"ra!"+ -"

)"+"28"20'$% "9"r/" +8r%;"+'# %;'/'%, +%# $"2a+ r"!"(a#$"+. O$r% ;a/$%r '28%r$a#$" "+ "! +'+$"2a )"'#3r"+%, !%+ 8#$a9"+ "?'3')%+, !a 8%#)"ra/'# )" !a+ #%$a+ )" !a E#+"


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E+$" /%#/"8$% "+ 2= '28%r$a#$" a! 2%2"#$% )" "#;r"#$ar "! $"2a 8ara #% 2'rar +!% "! /%r$% 8!a&%. @L8"&, M. 456

O8$ar 8%r #a )"$"r2'#a)a /arr"ra % a/$'(')a) "+ $%2ar #a )"/'+'# -", "#

('r$) )" + '28%r$a#/'a 8ara #"+$ra+ (')a+, )"0" +"r +;'/'"#$"2"#$"r";!"?'%#a)a. S'# !3ar a ))a+, /a!-'"r 2a!a "!"//'# $"#)r> /%2%/%#+"/"#/'a #a 8*r)')a )" $'"28% '##"/"+ar'a. Para "!!%, "+ ;#)a2"#$a! -"$"#3a2%+ "# /"#$a a!3#%+ a+8"/$%+ 8ara %0$"#"r "! 2a=%r )" !%+ *?'$%+ "# "!a+8"/$% a/a)*2'/%:

• T'"28%: !a+ )"/'+'%#"+ '28%r$a#$"+ #% +" $%2a# )" # )a 8ara "! %$r%. a=

2/1a+ /%+a+ -" 8"#+ar = r";!"?'%#ar. A("r'3ar />!"+ +%# !a+ /arr"ra+,%/8a/'%#"+, "$/., !!"(a + $'"28% = "+ #"/"+ar'% 1a/"r!% "# ;%r2a%r3a#'&a)a.

•

I#$"r"+"+ = 3+$%+ 8"r+%#a!"+: "! 8"#+ar />!"+ +%# !a+ a/$'(')a)"+ -"2>+ $" '#$"r"+a# "+ $a20'*# #a /"+$'# a 8r'('!"3'ar )ra#$" !a)"!'0"ra/'# -" 8r"/")" a !a )"/'+'#.

• A8$'$)"+: />!"+ +%# !a+ a/$'(')a)"+ "# !a+ -" $"#3% 2a=%r"+

/a8a/')a)"+ % 2"9%r )"+"28"+'/a+ "# "! 9"3% )" r%!"+, /%2% 8%r "9"28!%,"! -"r"r +"r )%/$%r, 8%!'/a, 2a"+$r%, "$/. E+$a ;a#$a+a /a20'a # 8%/% a! !!"3ar a!a a)%!"+/"#/'a, )%#)" #"+$ra (%/a/'# (a "+$ar 2>+ "# ;#/'# a #"+$r%+3+$%+ " '#$"r"+"+, 8ara ;'#a!2"#$" a 8ar$'r )" !%+ 6K a+ '28%r$a#$"+ a! 2%2"#$% )" /%#;r%#$ar #"+$ra+


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#"/"+')a)"+, 3+$%+, 1a0'!')a)"+ " '#$"r"+"+ /%# !a+ %8%r$#')a)"+ -" #%+0r'#)a !a +'$a/'# r"a!.

S' 0'"# !a ")a) "+ # ;a/$%r r"!a$'(%, =a -" /a)a 8"r+%#a $'"#" + $'"28% '#$"r#%,

"# 2/1%+ /a+%+ 8%)ra +"r # '#)'/a)%r )" /a#)% 8")" "+$ar $%$a!2"#$" a8$a8ara a+2'r #a )"/'+'# 2a)ra -" '#(%!/r" $%)%+ !%+ a+8"/$%+ =a2"#/'%#a)%+. E+$a "!"//'# (%/a/'%#a! #% "+ +%!% # "("#$% 8r%8'% )" !aa)%!"+/"#/'a a! $"r2'#ar "! /%!"3'%, +'#% $a20'*# 8%r )'("r+a+ /a+a+, +" 8")"!!"(ar a /a0% "# )';"r"#$"+ "$a8a+ )" #"+$ra+ (')a+ +'# "20ar3% "+ "# "+$a"$a8a "# "+8"/'a! "# -" +" 8r"+"#$a /%# 2a=%r #)'/", 8"r% $a20'*# /%# 2a=%r '#/"r$')20r" = $"2%r a !% -" ("#)r>.

E# "! a)%!"+/"#$", "+$a "!"//'# '28!'/a #a /r'+'+ )" ')"#$')a), "#$"#)'*#)%+" a*+$a /%2% !a %8%r$#')a) )" /r"/'2'"#$% " '#)"8"#)"#/'a "# /%#$ra8%+'/'# a ++

+"#$'2'"#$%+ )" $r'+$"&a = 2'")% 8%r "! $*r2'#% )" #a "$a8a = "! '#'/'% )" #a#"(a = )"+/%#%/')a, -" 8")" r"+!$ar a2"#a&a#$". La 8"r+%#a +" +'"#$" a-"# # "+$a)% '#$"r2")'%, "#$r" #'+ /arr"ra+ /%2% 2"r/a)%$"/#'a, #"3%/'%+ '#$"r#a/'%#a!"+, 1%$"!"ra,;'#a#&a+, '#;%r2>$'/a, "$/.

I)"a!'&a/'# )" 8r%;"+'%#"+: E! a)%!"+/"#$" +"!" $"#"r "?8"/$a$'(a+ -" #% (a#a/%r)" a !a r"a!')a), "+8"ra#)% 8%r "9"28!%, /!2'#ar 8r%#$% !a /arr"ra 8ara 3a#ar )'#"r% = $"#"r # 8"+$% '28%r$a#$", +'# /%#+')"rar !%+ a+ a)"!a#$" /r"ar!"+ #a /r'+'+ a# 2a=%r, a! $%8ar+"/%# #a r"a!')a) $%$a!2"#$" )'+$'#$a, % 1a/"r -" #% /%#/!=a# !% -" "28"&ar%#.

Dar!" 8r'%r')a) a ++ '#$"r"+"+ +'# $%2ar "# /"#$a ++ 1a0'!')a)"+: E# "+$a"$a8a +"!"# 8r'%r'&ar ++ 3+$%+ " '#$"r"+"+, +'# $%2ar "# /"#$a ++ a8$'$)"+ =1a0'!')a)"+ 8ara )"$"r2'#a)a+ /arr"ra+, !% -" 8")" !!"(ar!%+ 2>+ a)"!a#$" a!;ra/a+% = )"+2%$'(a/'#.


16/49


17/49

/%2% 8ar$" %0!'3a$%r'a )" !a ")/a/'# )" # '#)'(')%. E+$% "+ a+ =a -" 8ara/%#+"3'r $ra0a9% % "+$ar "28!"a)%, "! '#)'(')% )"0" +%!a2"#$" /%28!"$ar !%+"+$)'%+ 8r'2ar'%+ = +"/#)ar'%+. S" "+$'2a -" "# "!!%+ +" r"/'0"# !%+/%#%/'2'"#$%+ 0>+'/%+ = 2>+ #"/"+ar'%+ r"+8"/$% )" )'("r+a+ >r"a+. S'#

"20ar3%, "+ '##"3a0!" -" 8ara "9"r/"r #a 8r%;"+'# = #% $"#"r # $ra0a9% )""28!"a)% -" /a!-'"ra 8%)ra r"a!'&ar, !a /arr"ra #'("r+'$ar'a "+ )" ('$a!'28%r$a#/'a.

P%r !% 3"#"ra!, !a+ /arr"ra+ #'("r+'$ar'a+ #% )ra# 2"#%+ )" /a$r% a+ /%2% !a+ )" 2")'/'#a, a0%3a/a% ("$"r'#ar'a. S' 0'"# "! $'"28% -" +" %/8a "# $"r2'#ar!a )"8"#)" )"! '#)'(')%,+'"28r" +" 8r"+"#$a # "+$'2a$'(% )" />#$% $'"28% )"0"ra $%2ar /a)a $'8% )"/arr"ra. A)"2>+, "+ /!ar% -" !a ")/a/'# #'("r+'$ar'a "+ 2/1% 2>+ "?'3"#$" =/%28!"9a -" !%+ #'("!"+ a#$"r'%r"+ )" ")/a/'# 8%r !% /a! %0$"#"r # $$!% )"

"+$" $'8% #% "+ # 1"/1% 2"#%r.

U")-ers)4a4es P5+)/as!

E+ #a #'("r+')a) /=a ;'#a#/'a/'# /%rr" a /ar3% 8r'#/'8a!2"#$" )" # 3%0'"r#%,0'"# +"a #a/'%#a! % )" a!3#a "#$')a) +0#a/'%#a!, a )';"r"#/'a )" !a+#'("r+')a)"+ 8r'(a)a+. U#a #'("r+')a) #a/'%#a! 8")" +"r % #% 80!'/a,)"8"#)'"#)% )" !%+ /a+%+.

E# a!3#a+ r"3'%#"+, !a+ #'("r+')a)"+ 80!'/a+ +%# '28%r$a#$"+ /"#$r%+ )"'#("+$'3a/'# = 2/1a+ )" "!!a+ a8ar"/"# "# !a+ 8r'#/'8a!"+ /!a+';'/a/'%#"+ )"2"9%r"+ #'("r+')a)"+.

E# V"#"&"!a !a+ #'("r+')a)"+ 80!'/a+ +%# a$#%2a+ @!a #'("r+')a) )"$"r2'#a+ 8r%8'% /rr/!% = a$%r')a)"+ )" 3%0'"r#%, 3ra$'$a+ @+%!a2"#$" 8ara /arr"ra+)" 3ra)% a#-" "# a!3#%+ /a+%+ +" /"#$a# /%# !a+ ('!!a+ #'("r+'$ar'a+ = "!a!2#% )"0" 8a3ar + a!%9a2'"#$%, 2a#$"#/'#, 2a$"r'a!"+ )" "+$)'%, "$/.

U")-ers)4a4es Pr)-a4as!

E+ #a #'("r+')a) -" #% "+ %8"ra)a 8%r # 3%0'"r#%, 8%r !% -" +%!% "# a!3#%+

/a+%+ 8")" r"/'0'r ;%#)%+ )" *!. D"8"#)'"#)% )" !a r"3'#, "+$%+ /"#$r%+8r'(a)%+ 8")"# "+$ar % #% +9"$%+ a !a r"3!a2"#$a/'# 30"r#a2"#$a!. La+#'("r+')a)"+ 8r'(a)a+ +%# /%2#"+ "# a!3#%+ 8a+"+, 8"r% #% "?'+$"# "# %$r%+.

G"#"ra!2"#$" !a+ #'("r+')a)"+ 8r'(a)a+ $'"#"# # 8r"/'% )" 2a$r'/!a/'# 8ara "!a!2#% 2>+ a!$% -" !a+ #'("r+')a)"+ 80!'/a+, =a -" #% r"/'0"# +0("#/'%#"+)" )'#"r% 8r%/")"#$" )" !%+ '28"+$%+.


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O1)/)"a 4e Pa")1)/a/)3" 4e Se/#or U")-ers)#ar)o (OPSU!

E+ #a %;'/'#a $*/#'/a a?'!'ar )"! /%#+"9% #a/'%#a! )" #'("r+')a)"+, -" +""#/ar3a )" '#+$r2"#$ar !a+ 8%!$'/a+ = "+$ra$"3'a+ 8ara !a ")/a/'# +8"r'%r

+"


19/49

E+ !a 8!a+2a/'# %r3a#'&a$'(a )" # /%#9#$% )" '#$"ra//'%#"+ -" +%# "+$a0!"+ a$ra(*+ )" !a+ /a!"+ +" "9"r/" !a 8%!$'/a "# # /%#$"?$% !'2'$a)% 8%r !a 8%0!a/'#.6E+$" +'+$"2a ('"#" ;%r2a)% 8%r a3"#$"+, '#+$'$/'%#"+, %r3a#'&a/'%#"+,/%28%r$a2'"#$%+, /r""#/'a+, #%r2a+, a/$'$)"+, ')"a!"+, (a!%r"+ = ++ r"+8"/$'(a+

'#$"ra//'%#"+, -" 2a#$'"#"# % 2%)';'/a# "! %r)"# )"! -" r"+!$a #a)"$"r2'#a)a )'+$r'0/'# )" $'!')a)"+, /%#!!"(a#)% a )'+$'#$%+ 8r%/"+%+ )")"/'+'# )" !%+ a/$%r"+, -" 2%)';'/a# !a $'!'&a/'# )"! 8%)"r 8%r 8ar$" )" !%8%!$'/% a ;'# )" %0$"#"r "! %09"$'(% )"+"a)%. U# +'+$"2a 8%!$'/% "+ #a ;%r2a/'#-" r"+!$a )" !a r"!a/'# "#$r" !a+ #%r2a+ )" #a +%/'")a) = !a+ 8a$a+ )"a$%r')a) 8r"(a!"/'"#$"+. @Da(') Er#"+$% A8$"r, 67.

De6o/ra/)a!

E+ #a ;%r2a )" %r3a#'&a/'# +%/'a! -" a$r'0=" !a $'$!ar')a) )"! 8%)"r a!

/%#9#$% )" !a +%/'")a). E# +"#$')% "+$r'/$%, !a )"2%/ra/'a "+ #a ;%r2a )"%r3a#'&a/'# )"! E+$a)% "# !a /a! !a+ )"/'+'%#"+ /%!"/$'(a+ +%# a)%8$a)a+ 8%r "!8"0!% 2")'a#$" 2"/a#'+2%+ )" 8ar$'/'8a/'# )'r"/$a % '#)'r"/$a -" /%#;'"r"#!"3'$'2')a) a ++ r"8r"+"#$a#$"+. E# +"#$')% a28!'%, )"2%/ra/'a "+ #a ;%r2a )"/%#('("#/'a +%/'a! "# !a -" !%+ 2'"20r%+ +%# !'0r"+ " '3a!"+ = !a+ r"!a/'%#"++%/'a!"+ +" "+$a0!"/"# )" a/"r)% a 2"/a#'+2%+ /%#$ra/$a!"+. a= )"2%/ra/'a'#)'r"/$a % r"8r"+"#$a$'(a /a#)% !a )"/'+'# "+ a)%8$a)a 8%r 8"r+%#a+r"/%#%/')a+ 8%r "! 8"0!% /%2% ++ r"8r"+"#$a#$"+. a= )"2%/ra/'a 8ar$'/'8a$'(a/a#)% +" a8!'/a # 2%)"!% 8%!$'/% -" ;a/'!'$a a !%+ /')a)a#%+ + /a8a/')a) )"a+%/'ar+" = %r3a#'&ar+" )" $a! 2%)% -" 8")a# "9"r/"r #a '#;!"#/'a )'r"/$a "#

!a+ )"/'+'%#"+ 80!'/a+ % /a#)% +" ;a/'!'$a a !a /')a)a#a a28!'%+ 2"/a#'+2%+8!"0'+/'$ar'%+ /%#+!$'(%+. '#a!2"#$", 1a= )"2%/ra/'a )'r"/$a /a#)% !a )"/'+'#"+ a)%8$a)a )'r"/$a2"#$" 8%r !%+ 2'"20r%+ )"! 8"0!%, 2")'a#$" 8!"0'+/'$%+('#/!a#$"+, "!"//'%#"+ 8r'2ar'a+, ;a/'!'$a/'# )" !a '#'/'a$'(a !"3'+!a$'(a 8%8!ar =(%$a/'# 8%8!ar )" !"="+, /%#/"8$% -" '#/!=" !a )"2%/ra/'a !-')a. E+$a+ $r"+;%r2a+ #% +%# "?/!="#$"+ = +"!"# '#$"3rar+" /%2% 2"/a#'+2%+/%28!"2"#$ar'%+ "# a!3#%+ +'+$"2a+ 8%!$'/%+, a#-" +'"28r" +"!" 1a0"r #2a=%r 8"+% )" #a )" !a+ $r"+ ;%r2a+ "# # +'+$"2a 8%!$'/% /%#/r"$%. N% )"0"/%#;#)'r+" R"80!'/a /%# D"2%/ra/'a, 8"+ a!)"# a 8r'#/'8'%+ )'+$'#$%+, !ar"80!'/a "+ "! 3%0'"r#% )" !a !"= 2'"#$ra+ -" )"2%/ra/'a +'3#';'/a "! 3%0'"r#%)"! 8"0!%.

7T)e"e" 4)1)/*#a4es os es#*4)a"#es ara )"$resar a a e4*/a/)3" s*er)or8

E! 3ra# r"$% )" !a ")/a/'# +8"r'%r % #'("r+'$ar'a +" "28'"&a a a;r%#$ar "# #a"$a8a 2= "+8"/'a!: !a a)%!"+/"#/'a. R"'#a "#$%#/"+ # /!'2a )" '#+"3r')a) =


20/49

/%#;+'#, =a -" "! /r"/"r (a a/%28a+ )';/'!. E+$%+ ;a/$%r"+ 8")"# +"r 8"r+%#a!"+, = "+ a- )%#)" !%+ 9("#"+ )"0"2%+ 0+/ar )"#$r% )" #%+%$r%+2'+2%+ = )"/')'r, /a!"+ +%# #"+$r%+ )"+"%+, r";!"?'%#ar +%0r" #"+$r%+ (a!%r"+,a8$'$)"+ = !'2'$a/'%#"+. A#a!'&ar a8$'$)"+, +8%#" 8"#+ar /a!"+ +%# #"+$ra+1a0'!')a)"+ 2>+ )"+$a/a)a+, !a+ -" /%#%/"2%+ #%+%$r%+ = !a+ -" !a+ 8"r+%#a+"# #"+$r% "#$%r#% #%+ 1a# r"/%#%/')%. "# /a#$% a !a+ !'2'$a/'%#"+, "#;%/ar!a++8%#" r"/%#%/"r!a+, #% 8ara r"+'3#ar+" ;r"#$" a "!!a+, +'#% 8ara )"+arr%!!ar "+$ra$"3'a+ 8ara a/"8$ar!a+ = +8"rar!a+. P%r %$r% !a)% "+$># !a+ "?8"/$a$'(a+ )" !a;a2'!'a = -'"#"+ #%+ r%)"a#. L%+ 8a)r"+ % 8"r+%#a+ /"r/a#a+ +'3#';'/a$'(a+ a !%!ar3% )"! )"+arr%!!%, )" #a %$ra 2a#"ra, #%+ 1a# $ra#+2'$')% ++ ')"a+, !a+/%+a+ -" !"+ 3+$ara# 8ara #%+%$r%+ a+ /%2% !a+ -" #% ("ra# /%# 0"#%+%9%+, = "+$a+ ')"a+ 8")"# +"r +"#$')a+ 2/1a+ ("/"+ /%2% 8r"+'%#"+ -"'#;!="# "# !a "!"//'#.

D"9a#)% )" !a)% !a+ ('/'+'$)"+ 8"r+%#a!"+, #%+ "#/%#$ra2%+ /%# !a +'$a/'# )"!8a+ = a1 "+ )%#)" !% )"2>+ 8ar"/" '#+'3#';'/a#$". E! '#3r"+% a !a ")/a/'#+8"r'%r 8ara # 9%("# ("#"&%!a#% +" 1a /%#("r$')% "# # )%!%r )" /a0"&a @#%+%!% 8ara !%+ 9("#"+ +'#% $a20'*# 8ara ++ 8a)r"+ % r"8r"+"#$a#$"+ )"0')% a !%+8r%0!"2a+ -" +" 8r"+"#$a# a !% !ar3% )" "+$a "$a8a. E28"&a#)% 8%r "!)"+"28!"%, a/$a#)% /%2% #a )"+2%$'(a/'# =a -" !%+ 9("#"+ +'"28r"$"#)r># 8r"+"#$" -" a+ %0$"#3a# # $$!% #'("r+'$ar'% = +" "+8"/'a!'/"# "# #a/arr"ra, #% $"#)r># # "28!"% -" +a$'+;a3a ++ "?8"/$a$'(a+ @"# "! /a+% )" -"/%#+'3a# "28!"% = +a0'"#)% -" !a "/%#%2a )"! 8a+ #% /r"/" = 8%r "!!% #% +"8")"# 3"#"rar #"(a+ '#)+$r'a+. P%r %$r% !a)%, "+$> !a +'$a/'# "/%#2'/a, +'#% "+$>+ 8%+'/'%#a)%@a "# #a /!a+" +%/'a! a!$a % 2")'a, #% $'"#"+ a28!'a+8%+'0'!')a)"+ )" "+$)'% )"0')% a !a '#;!a/'# = a !a 3ra(" /r'+'+ "/%#2'/a a/$a!)" V"#"&"!a, !%+ 8r"/'%+ )" 2a$r/!a "# !a+ #'("r+')a)"+ 8r'(a)a+ +%#"?/"+'(a2"#$" "!"(a)%+ 8ara #a 8"r+%#a /=%+ '#3r"+%+ +"a# )" # +"!)%2#'2%, = "+$)'ar "# #a #'("r+')a) 80!'/a "+ # r'"+3% -" #% $%)%+ !%+

9("#"+ -'"r"# /%rr"r, = "+$% 3ra/'a+ a %$r% )" !%+ 8r'#/'8a!"+ 8r%0!"2a+ -"a;"/$a a! 8a+: !a '#+"3r')a) = !a )"!'#/"#/'a.

T%)%+ "+$%+ ;a/$%r"+ +" 1a/"# #% = )';'/!$a# #% +%!% !a "!"//'# (%/a/'%#a! +'#%$a20'*# "! '#3r"+% a !a ")/a/'# #'("r+'$ar'a )" !%+ 9("#"+ ("#"&%!a#%+, = "+$""+ # 3ra(" 8r%0!"2a =a -" !a ")/a/'# "+ !a 0a+" ;#)a2"#$a! )" !a+ 8"r+%#a+


21/49

= )" #a +%/'")a) +a#a, = +'# ")/a/'#, "! 8a+ 8%/% a 8%/% +" /%#("r$'r> "# #/a%+.

9IPOTESIS

U#a 1'8$"+'+ "+ #a 8r%8%+'/'# a/"8$a0!" -" 1a +')% ;%r2!a)a a $ra(*+ )" !ar"/%!"//'# )" '#;%r2a/'# = )a$%+, a#-" #% "+$* /%#;'r2a)a, +'r(" 8arar"+8%#)"r )" ;%r2a a!$"r#a$'(a a # 8r%0!"2a /%# 0a+" /'"#$;'/a. E# 0a+" a "+$%;%r2!a2%+ !a +'3'"#$" 1'8$"+'+:

7A1e/#ar: a s)#*a/)3" a/#*a 4e a0s a os es#*4)a"#es 4e I 4e C)e"/)as “C”4e a U.E. Sa"#a Joa;*)"a 4e Ve4r*"a e" s* ee//)3" -o/a/)o"a8


22/49

VARIA%LES DE LA INVESTIGACI2N

La+ (ar'a0!"+ "# !a '#("+$'3a/'#, r"8r"+"#$a# # /%#/"8$% )" ('$a! '28%r$a#/'a)"#$r% )" # 8r%="/$%. La+ (ar'a0!"+, +%# !%+ /%#/"8$%+ -" ;%r2a# "##/'a)%+)" # $'8% 8ar$'/!ar )"#%2'#a)% 1'8$"+'+.

Var)a+e )"4ee"4)e"#e!

La (ar'a0!" '#)"8"#)'"#$", (ara = "+ !a /a+a +8"+$a )" !a (ar'a0!")"8"#)'"#$". D"#$r% )"! "+$)'% "?8"r'2"#$a! +" /%#('"r$" "# !a (ar'a0!"2a#'8!a)a. D"#$r% )" !%+ "+$)'%+ #% "?8"r'2"#$a!"+ +" /%#('"r$" "# !a -" $'"#"

% 3ar)a r"!a/'# !3'/a /%# !a (ar'a0!" )"8"#)'"#$" @"r!'#3"r = L"", 4554. E#$*r2'#%+ /!ar%+ "+ !% -" #%+%$r%+ /%#$r%!a2%+ % 1a/"2%+ )"#$r% )" #"?8"r'2"#$%, 8%r "9"28!%, 3"#"ra!2"#$" !% -" 2a#'8!a2%+ "+ "! $ra$a2'"#$%, "!/a! -" a8!'/a2%+ 8ara )'+2'#'r !%+ #'("!"+ )" "+$r*+, 8%r "!!% "+ $a20'*# #a/ara/$"r+$'/a )" !a (ar'a0!" '#)"8"#)'"#$", +"a !% -" a#$"/")" a !a (ar'a0!"


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)"8"#)'"#$". E# "+$" /a+% !a (ar'a0!" '#)"8"#)'"#$" "+ !a "!"//'# (%/a/'%#a! )"!%+ "+$)'a#$"+ )" I )" C'"#/'a+ “C” )" !a U.E. Sa#$a J%a-'#a )" V")r#a

Var)a+e 4ee"4)e"#e:

La (ar'a0!" )"8"#)'"#$", $a20'*# ')"#$';'/a)a /%2% /%#+"/"#$" % "! ";"/$%, = +"a!$"ra )" ;%r2a /%#/%2'$a#$" /%# !%+ /a20'%+ % (ar'a/'%#"+ "# !a (ar'a0!"'#)"8"#)'"#$", $a! = /%2% "?8!'/a M/G'3a# @6. E# %$r%+ $*r2'#%+ !a (ar'a0!")"8"#)'"#$" "+ 1a/'a !a -" +" 1a/" !a 8r")'//'#, 2'"#$ra+ -" !a '#)"8"#)'"#$""+ a-"!!a a 8ar$'r )" !a /a! +" 8r")'/". D" "+$" 2%)% !a “(ar'a0!" )"8"#)'"#$" "+"! r"+!$a)% 2")')% -" "! '#("+$'3a)%r +a 8ara )"$"r2'#ar +' !%+ /a20'%+ "# !a(ar'a0!" '#)"8"#)'"#$" $('"r%# # ";"/$%” @"r!'#3"r = L"", 4554, 8. . E##"+$ra '#("+$'3a/'# !a (ar'a0!" )"8"#)'"#$" "+ !a +'$a/'# a/$a! )"! 8a+.

%ASES LEGALES

E# !% /%#/"r#'"#$" a E)/a/'#, #"+$ra /ar$a 2a3#a 8r%2"(" !a %0!'3a$%r'")a),3ra$')a), )"2%/ra$'&a/'# = "! !'0r" a//"+% a! +'+$"2a ")/a$'(%. E ar#0/*o ,"+$a0!"/" "! “)"r"/1% 12a#% a r"/'0'r ")/a/'# )"2%/r>$'/a, 3ra$'$a =%0!'3a$%r'a”, a + ("& “"+ # +"r('/'% 80!'/% = "+$> ;#)a2"#$a)a "# "! r"+8"$% a$%)a+ !a+ /%rr'"#$"+ )"! 8"#+a2'"#$%”, )"9a#)% /!ara !a r"+8%#+a0'!')a) )"! E+$a)%,)" 3ara#$'&ar!a = 8r%2%("r!a a $%)%+ !%+ ("#"&%!a#%+, /%# a8%=% )" !a+ ;a2'!'a+ =!a +%/'")a), "# /%#+%#a#/'a /%# !%+ /r'$"r'%+ )" #'("r+a!')a), *$'/a = 8"r$'#"#/'a+%/'a!.

E ar#0/*o


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E# !% r";"r')% a! +"/$%r #'("r+'$ar'%, a Co"s#)#*/)3" 4e a Re5+)/a 1ar"8r"+"#$a)% "! 2ar/% !"3a! /%#("#'"#$" 8ara '28!+ar !a+ $ra#+;%r2a/'%#"+ -""# !a+ #'("r+')a)"+ !a$'#%a2"r'/a#a+ +" 1a# ("#')% 3"+$a#)%, "?8r"+a)a+a/$a!2"#$" 8%r !a /r"/'"#$" 2a+';'/a/'#. A 8"+ar )" !%+ ";"/$%+ 8%+'$'(%+ -"

)'/1a+ $ra#+;%r2a/'%#"+ 1a# $"#')% +%0r" "! )"+arr%!!% +%/'% "/%#2'/% )" !%+8a+"+, !a 2a+';'/a/'# 1a 3"#"ra)% 8r%0!"2a+ )" '#;ra"+$r/$ra = r"/r+%+'#+;'/'"#$"+, )';'/!$a) 8ara "! )"+arr%!!% )" !a+ a/$'(')a)"+ )%/"#$"+, )"'#("+$'3a/'# = "?$"#+'#, = # '#/r"2"#$% )" !a $a+a )" )"+"r/'#, r"8"$'/'# =a0a#)%#% a! '#/r"2"#$ar+" "! '#3r"+% )" +"/$%r"+ +%/'a!"+ )'("r+%+, $ra0a9a)%r"+,8"r+%#a+ /%# )'+/a8a/')a) % )" 2a=%r ")a) /r">#)%+" #a #"(a /%28%+'/'#"+$)'a#$'! -" 2"+$ra #)'/"+ 2>+ "!"(a)%+ )" r"8%$"#/'a = )"+"r/'#2%)a!')a)"+ )" r"/'r/!a/'# @"#$ra)a = +a!')a 2>+ ;r"/"#$", = # a2"#$% )" !a)ra/'# )" !%+ "+$)'%+.

E! '#/r"2"#$% )" !a 2a$r/!a = )" !a+ '#+$'$/'%#"+ #'("r+'$ar'a+ "# V"#"&"!a, 1a+')% )ra2"#$" /r'$'/a)% = /a!';'/a)% 8%r 2/1%+ %0+"r(a)%r"+ = a#a!'+$a+ /%2%# ;"#2"#% )" /r"/'2'"#$% /a#$'$a$'(%, -" 1a /%#+8'ra)% /%# !%+ #'("!"+ )"/a!')a) -" "?'3" $%)% +"r('/'% ")/a$'(% = -" "+$a0!"/" !a C%#+$'$/'# )" !aR"80!'/a. E+ +"#/'!!% "(')"#/'ar -" "# !a+ )';"r"#$"+ '#+$'$/'%#"+ #'("r+'$ar'a++" 1a 3ara#$'&a)% "! a//"+% a $%)a "+$a /a#$')a) )" "+$)'a#$"+, +'# /%#$ar 2/1a+ )" "!!a+ /%# # 8r"+8"+$% -" 8"r2'$a 2"9%ra+ "# + '#;ra"+$r/$ra =+"r('/'%+, -" 3ara#$'/" !%+ r"/r+%+ = "-'8%+ #"/"+ar'%+ 8ara "! )"+arr%!!% )" !%+/%#$"#')%+ /rr'/!ar"+, -" 8%+'0'!'$" !a /%#$ra$a/'# a $'"28% )" # 8"r+%#a!)%/"#$" /a8a/'$a)%, = -" 8r%2"(a !a 8"r2a#"#/'a )" "+a 2a+a "+$)'a#$'! "# !a'#+$'$/'#.

E! 2a=%r /%28r%2'+% )"! E+$a)% "+ )ar /28!'2'"#$% a $%)% !% "+$a0!"/')% "# !aC%#+$'$/'#, "+ )"/'r, a$"#)"r #% +%!% "! a//"+% !'0r" = 3ra$'$% a !a ")/a/'#,+'#% )%$ar a !a+ '#+$'$/'%#"+ ")/a$'(a+ )" !a '#;ra"+$r/$ra, 1"rra2'"#$a+ =r"/r+%+ 12a#%+, 2a$"r'a!"+ = ;'#a#/'"r%+, #"/"+ar'%+ 8ara 3ara#$'&ar !a8"r2a#"#/'a = /!2'#a/'# )" !%+ 8r%3ra2a+ ")/a$'(%+.

P%r %$ra 8ar$", e ar#0/*o + "+8"/;'/a2"#$" "# "! +"/$%r #'("r+'$ar'%, )"0')% a!'#/28!'2'"#$% "# !%+ a9+$"+ +a!ar'a!"+, a !a '#"?'+$"#/'a )" # 8r"+8"+$% 9+$%


25/49

-" 8"r2'$a 2a#$"#"r a! 8r%;"+%ra)% "# /%#+$a#$" ;%r2a/'#, = +2'#'+$rar !%+r"/r+%+ #"/"+ar'%+ 8ara "! )"+arr%!!% )" !a+ a/$'(')a)"+ )" )%/"#/'a,'#("+$'3a/'# = "?$"#+'#, = !a 0r%/ra/'a -" !a2"#$a0!"2"#$" +" "(')"#/'a "#!a+ /%#$ra$a/'%#"+ " '#3r"+% )" 8"r+%#a!, -" "# a!3#%+ /a+%+, #% /"#$a /%# !a

/a8a/'$a/'# #"/"+ar'a 8ara )"+"28"# !%3rar )'/1a a$%#%2a, ;a/'!'$a#)% a !a+ #'("r+')a)"+$ra0a9ar /%#9#$a2"#$" /%# ++ /%2#')a)"+, "# 8r%="/$%+ )" '#("+$'3a/'# -"r"8%r$"# '#3r"+%+ "/%#2'/%+ % 2a$"r'a!"+, 8ara "! +%+$"#'2'"#$% )" !a+ 8r%8'a+'#("+$'3a/'%#"+, "! 2"9%ra2'"#$% )" !a '#;ra"+$r/$ra, = "! )"+arr%!!% )" $%)a+ !a+

a/$'(')a)"+ a/a)*2'/a+ = +"r('/'%+ 8r"+$a)%+ #% %0+$a#$" +" r"-"r'ra )" #+'+$"2a )" r"#)'/'# )" /"#$a+ "?1a+$'(%, $ra#+8ar"#$" = /%#;'a0!" a#$" "!3%0'"r#%, = !%+ a/$%r"+ +%/'a!"+, )" 2a#"ra -" 8")a "(')"#/'ar+" # ("r)a)"r%/%28r%2'+% )" !%+ 8r%;"+'%#a!"+ )" !a ")/a/'# /%# !a /a!')a) a/a)*2'/a, !a*$'/a, !%+ (a!%r"+, !a 8"r$'#"#/'a +%/'a! = !a $ra#+;%r2a/'# #'("r+'$ar'a.

Ta20'*# e ar#0/*o 2"/a#'+2%+ a0'"r$%+ =;!"?'0!"+ 8ara -" !%+ E+$a)%+ = M#'/'8'%+ )"+/"#$ra!'/"# = $ra#+;'"ra# a !a+/%2#')a)"+ = 3r8%+ ("/'#a!"+ %r3a#'&a)%+ !%+ +"r('/'%+ -" *+$%+ 3"+$'%#"#8r"('a )"2%+$ra/'# )" + /a8a/')a) 8ara 8r"+$ar!%+, 8r%2%('"#)% !a

$ra#+;"r"#/'a )" +"r('/'%+ "# )'("r+a+ >r"a+, "#$r" "!!a+, ")/a/'#, /%# !% -" +"a8%=a !a $"rr'$%r'a!'&a/'#, -" 1a +')% a)%8$a)a 8%r a!3#a+ #'("r+')a)"+,/%#9#$a2"#$" /%# !a+ /%2#')a)"+ = a$%r')a)"+ )" !%+ 2#'/'8'%+, 8ara )ar r"+8"+$a a !a /r"/'"#$" )"2a#)a "+$)'a#$'!, = 0r'#)ar %8%r$#')a)"+ a8%0!a/'%#"+ -" a#$"r'%r2"#$" #% 8%)a# a//")"r a !a ")/a/'#. S'# "20ar3%, a"+$" a+8"/$% )"0" 8r"+$ar+" "+8"/'a! a$"#/'# a ;'# )" 3ara#$'&ar #a ")/a/'#'#$"3ra! = )" /a!')a).

C%2% 8")" "(')"#/'ar+", !a C%#+$'$/'# )" !a R"80!'/a B%!'(ar'a#a )"V"#"&"!a "+$a0!"/" # 2ar/% !"3a! -" 8"r2'$" "! )"+arr%!!% )" "+$)'%+

/'"#$;'/%+ 8ara r"("!ar !a "+"#/'a )" !%+ 8r%0!"2a+ ")/a$'(%+, = a8!'/ar !a+2")')a+ % "+$ra$"3'a+ #"/"+ar'a+ 8ara /%rr"3'r!%+ )" 2a#"ra '#$"3ra!, "# "! 2ar/%)" 8r%="/$%+ '#+$'$/'%#a!"+ ;%r2a!'&a)%+, -" a8%r$"# +%!/'%#"+ = r"+!$a)%+)"+"a0!"+.


26/49

LI&ITACIONES

A 8"+ar )" -" "! $'"28% ;" # ;a/$%r -" "9"r/' 8r"+'#, !a 8r'#/'8a! !'2'$a/'#-" +" #%+ 8r"+"#$ "# !a "!a0%ra/'# )" #"+$r% 8r%="/$% )" '#("+$'3a/'# ;" !a;a!$a )" '#;%r2a/'# )"0')% a -" #"+$r% $"2a "+ a/$a!, = 3ra# 8ar$" )" !a

'#;%r2a/'# "#/%#$ra)a 8r"+"#$a0a # 2a$'& 8%!$'/%, a!$a2"#$" 8ar/'a!'&a)a =+09"$'(a +"3# !a '#/!'#a/'# 8%!$'/a )"! 2")'% -" !a +2'#'+$ra0a, #% "ra #a'#;%r2a/'# %09"$'(a " '28ar/'a!.


27/49

PLAN DE ACCION

O+e#)-o Ge"era! A#a!'&ar !a +'$a/'# a/$a! )" V"#"&"!a = ++ ";"/$%+ "# !a "!"//'#(%/a/'%#a! )" !%+ "+$)'a#$"+ )" I )" C'"#/'a+ “C” "# !a U.E Sa#$a J%a-'#a )" V")r#a.

O+e#)-os Ese/01)/os A/#)-)4a4esoes#ra#e$)as

Re/*rsos Reso"sa+es Fe/a

A"a)ar a s)#*a/)3"e/o"36)/a ;*e rese"#aVe"e*ea.

Des/r)+)r as)#*a/)3" a/#*a 4ea0s

9*6a"os! A"4rs -are&ar0a J. %arr)os

? oras

I"4a$ar as ee//)o"es-o/a/)o"aes 4)so")+es e"as U")-ers)4a4es e )"s#)#*#os4e a0s.

Ea+ora/)3" e"#re$a 4e #r0#)/os

A*#ores 4eProe/#o 4eI"-es#)$a/)3"

9e"r);*eCo"#rerasJa60" 9a6e

?40as


28/49

Es#*4)ar a s)#*a/)3" o0#)/aa/#*a.

O+e#o 4ees#*4)o(Es#*4)a"#es4e I 4e

C)e"/)as “C”

Paoa P)"oA"a Ro4r0$*e

Des/r)+)r e es#a4o so/)a e";*e se e"/*e"#ra Ve"e*ea. Rea)a/)3" 4e

e"/*es#asre1ere"#es a as)#*a/)3" 4e a0s

&a#er)aes!==


29/49

Per#)"e"/)a! Ca!')a) )" !% -" "+ 8"r$'#"#$".

P"r$'#"#$": Q" "+ a)"/a)% %8%r$#% "# # 2%2"#$% % #a %/a+'#)"$"r2'#a)%+.

Pe+)s/)#os! Pr%/")'2'"#$% 9r)'/% 8%r "! -" +" +%2"$" a (%$a/'# 8%8!ar #a!"= % # a+#$% )" "+8"/'a! '28%r$a#/'a 8ara "! E+$a)%.

CAP'TULO III!&ARCO &ETEDOLOGICO.

&ARCO &ETODOLOGICO

E# "+$" /a8$!% +" "?8!'/a )" 2a#"ra +'+$"2a$'&a)a = "+$r/$ra)a "! 8r%/"+%

2"$%)%!3'/% -" +" $'!'&a# 8ara r"a!'&ar "! "+$)'% )"! 8r%0!"2a 8!a#$"a)%,

$a20'*# $ra$a a+8"/$%+ -" 1a/"# r";"r"#/'a a !%+ 8r%/")'2'"#$%+ 2"$%)%!3'/%+

"28!"a)%+ "# !a '#("+$'3a/'# /%2% +%#: "! )'+"


30/49

E! )'+";'/a+ /%2%: !'0r%+, r"('+$a, ;%!!"$%+,

"#+a=%+ " I#$"r#"$, !a -" a8%r$a /%# "! ++$"#$% /'"#$;'/% a #"+$r% $ra0a9% )"

'#("+$'3a/'#. @P>3. 4KE+ '28%r$a#$" a/%$ar, !% +"


31/49

/r'$"r'%+ +'+$"2>$'/%+ 8ara )"+$a/ar !%+ "!"2"#$%+ "+"#/'a!"+ )" + #a$ra!"&a” @8.

7H

PO%LACION Y &UESTRA

La )";'#'/'# )"#$r% )"! /%#$"?$% )" #a '#("+$'3a/'# +%0r" !a 8%0!a/'#,

+"3# Ba!"+$r'#', M. @6K,”#a 8%0!a/'# % #'("r+% 8")" "+$ar r";"r')% a

/a!-'"r /%#9#$% )" "!"2"#$%+ )" !%+ /a!"+ 8r"$"#)"2%+ '#)a3ar = /%#%/"r ++

/ara/$"r+$'/a+, % #a )" "!!a+, = 8ara "! /a! +"r># (>!')a+ !a+ /%#/!+'%#"+

%0$"#')a+ "# !a '#("+$'3a/'#” @8. 644. E# "! 8r"+"#$" "+$)'% !a 8%0!a/'# "+$>

/%#;%r2a)a 8%r "+$)'a#$"+ )" I )" C'"#/'a+ “C” )" !a U#')a) E)/a$'(a Sa#$a

J%a-'#a )" V")r#a "# Ca#$ara E+$a)% A#&%>$"3'

Para )"$"r2'#ar #a r"8r"+"#$a$'(')a) +'3#';'/a$'(a )" !a 8%0!a/'# "# !a%0$"#/'# )" !a 2"+$ra )" "+$)'%, +" 1a/" #"/"+ar'% 8#$a!'&ar a!3#a+

)";'#'/'%#"+ 0>+'/a+ +%0r" !a 2"+$ra /%2% #a 8ar$" )" !a 8%0!a/'#, )" a/"r)%

a !% -" "?8r"+a Ga0a!)%#, @6H5, !a 2"+$ra "+$a)+$'/a2"#$" "+:


32/49


33/49

;'#a!')a) )" %0$"#"r 2a=%r "+8%#$a#"')a) /%# !%+ r"+!$a)%+ = ";"/$'(')a) "# "!

$ra0a9% )" /a28%.

Las re$*"#as rea)a4as 1*ero" as s)$*)e"#es!

T" +'"#$"+ a;"/$a)% 8%r !a +'$a/'# "/%#2'/a a/$a! )"! 8a+ "# $

"!"//'# (%/a/'%#a!F Cr""+ -" "! +'+$"2a ")/a$'(% #'("r+'$ar'% 1a )'+2'#')% + /a!')a) 8%r

!a /r'+'+ a/$a! )"! 8a+F T"#"2%+ %8/'%#"+ )" "+$)'% )" ")/a/'# +8"r'%r )" a/"r)% a #"+$r%

#'("! "/%#2'/% "# "! 8a+F Cr""+ -" 1a= 8%+'0'!')a) )" # "28!"% )'3# a! /!2'#ar !a #'("r+')a)F Cr""+ -" !a "!"//'# (%/a/'%#a! 8ara !%+ 9("#"+ 8r"+"#$a )';'/!$a)"+

a/$a!2"#$"F

CAPITULO IV! ANALISIS DE LOS RESULTADOS


34/49

A":)s)s 4)s/*s)3" 4e os res*#a4os

U#a ("& r"/%3')a = 8r%/"+a)a !a '#;%r2a/'#, "+ #"/"+ar'% 8r"+"#$ar !%+

r"+!$a)%+ )" 2a#"ra a)"/a)a, )" ;%r2a $a! -" /%#$r'0=a a #a 2"9%r

/%28r"#+'# = "?8%+'/'# )" )'/1%+ r"+!$a)%+, "# ;#/'# )" !%+ %09"$'(%+ )"!

$ra0a9%. P%r /%#+'3'"#$", !%+ '#("+$'3a)%r"+ )"+$a/a# -" a8!'/ar%# = 8r%/"+ar%#

!a '#;%r2a/'# /%rr"+8%#)'"#$" "# !a "#/"+$a a8!'/a)a, #a ("& r"a!'&a)% "+$%,

)'+8%#" )" #a ;%r2a )" %r3a#'&a/'# 8ara a#a!'&ar !%+ )a$%+ 8r"+"#$ar!%.

C*a4ro


35/49

V

46V

67V

7Te s)e"#es a1e/#a4o .or (a s)#*a/)3" e/o"36)/a a/#*a( 4e( .a0s e" #* e(e//)3" -o/a/)o"a(8

SI

NO

MUQ POCO

"#$": E#/"+$a a8!'/a)a a !%+ "+$)'a#$"+

E# r"!a/'# a !%+ r"+!$a)%+, +" %0+"r(a -" "! )" !%+ "+$)'a#$"+

r"+8%#)' -" SI +'"#$"+ a;"/$a)% 8%r !a +'$a/'# "/%#2'/a a/$a! )"! 8a+ "# $

"!"//'# (%/a/'%#a!, = "! 46 )'/" -" #% !" a;"/$a, 2'"#$ra+ -" "! 67r"+8%#)' -" 2= 8%/% !% a;"/$a !a +'$a/'# "# + "!"//'# (%/a/'%#a!. E!

/a)r% /%2% "! 3r>;'/% )"2"+$ra -" !a 2a=%ra )" !%+ r"+!$a)%+ )")/" -" !a

$%$a!')a) )" !%+ "+$)'a#$"+ 8"r/'0" -" !a +'$a/'# "/%#2'/a a/$a! )"! 8a+ !%+

a;"/$a a! 2%2"#$% )" !a "!"//'# )" + (%/a/'#.

C*a4ro >: D)s#r)+*/)3" a+so*#a e" rea/)3" a 7Crees ;*e e s)s#e6a e4*/a#)-o

*")-ers)#ar)o a 4)s6)"*)4o s* /a)4a4 or a /r)s)s a/#*a 4e a0s8


36/49

"#$": E#/"+$a a8!'/a)a a !%+ "+$)'a#$"+

Gr:1)/o >. D)s#r)+*/)3" or/e"#*a e" rea/)3" a 7Crees ;*e e s)s#e6a e4*/a#)-o

*")-ers)#ar)o a 4)s6)"*)4o s* /a)4a4 or a /r)s)s a/#*a 4e a0s8

79%

14%

7%

7Crees ;*e e( s)s#e6a e4*/a#)-o *")-ers)#ar)o a 4)s6)"*)4o s* /a()4a4 .or (a /r)s)s a/#*a( 4e( .a)s8

SI

NO

MUY POCO

"#$": E#/"+$a a8!'/a)a a !%+ "+$)'a#$"+

E# "! /a)r% NW 4 +" 8")"# %0+"r(ar !%+ r"+!$a)%+ )" !a /%#+!$a r"a!'&a)a a

!%+ )" !%+ "+$)'a#$"+ )" I )" C'"#/'a+ “C” "# !a U.E Sa#$a J%a-'#a )" V")r#a.

A#er"a#)-a Fre/*e"/)a Por/e"#ae

SI 66 K

NO 4 6&UY POCO 6 K

TOTAL 6 655


37/49

E# r"!a/'# a! +'+$"2a ")/a$'(% #'("r+'$ar'% 1a )'+2'#')% + /a!')a) 8%r !a /r'+'+

a/$a! )"! 8a+. L%+ )a$%+ a0+%!$%+ = 8%r/"#$a!"+ )" !a+ r"+8"+$a+ "2'$')a+ 8%r

!%+ a!2#%+ r";!"9a# -" "! K )" !%+ "+$)'a#$"+ "?8r"+a# -" SI 1a )'+2'#')%

!a /a!')a) )" !a ")/a/'# +8"r'%r, 2'"#$ra+ -" "! 6 2a#';"+$ -" +" NO 1a)'+2'#')% -" +'3" +'"#)% '3a! = "! K )'/" MU POCO. E+$%+ r"+!$a)%+

"(')"#/'a# -", !%+ "+$)'a#$"+ )"2"+$ra# !a /%28r"#+'# )" !a r"a!')a) )"#$r%

)" + "#$%r#% +%/'a!, )" 2a#"ra -" !%3r" "! "-'!'0r'% "#$r" ++ #"/"+')a)"+ = !a+

)" !a +%/'")a).

C*a4ro NM ?: D)s#r)+*/)3" a+so*#a e" rea/)3" a 7Te"e6os o/)o"es 4e es#*4)o 4e

e4*/a/)3" s*er)or 4e a/*er4o a "*es#ro ")-e e/o"36)/o e" e a0s8

"#$": E#/"+$a a8!'/a)a a !%+ "+$)'a#$"+

Gr:1)/o ?. D)s#r)+*/)3" or/e"#*a e" rea/)3" a 7Te"e6os o/)o"es 4e es#*4)o 4e

e4*/a/)3" s*er)or 4e a/*er4o a "*es#ro ")-e e/o"36)/o e" e a0s8


SI 4NO 4

&UY POCO 4

TOTAL 6 655


38/49

43%

29%

29%

¿Tenemos opciones de estudio de educación superior de acuerdo a nuestro nivel económico en el país?

SI

NO

MUY POCO

"#$": E#/"+$a a8!'/a)a a !%+ "+$)'a#$"+

D" a/"r)% a !%+ )a$%+ %0+"r(a2%+ -" "! 4 )" !%+ "+$)'a#$"+ 2a#';"+$

-" SI 2'"#$ra+ -" 4 r"+8%#)' -" NO = "! 4 MU POCO !% /a!, !!"(a a

ar32"#$ar -" !a 2a=%r 8ar$" )" !%+ "+$)'a#$"+ 8"r/'0"# -" a/$a!2"#$"

"?'+$"# %8%r$#')a)"+ )" "+$)'%, 8%r-" +' 0'"# "+ /'"r$%, a 8"+ar )" !a /r'+'+ -"

a$ra('"+a #"+$r% 8a+, "! 3%0'"r#% 1a '#$"#$a)% '28!"2"#$ar #"(%+ 8!a#"+

")/a$'(%+ 8ara -" $%)a !a 8%0!a/'#, '#)"8"#)'"#$"2"#$" )" ++ "+$a$+ +%/'a!,

8")a $"#"r a//"+% a !a ")/a/'#, /%2% 8%r "9"28!% !a M'+'# S/r".


39/49

C*a4ro @: D)s#r)+*/)3" a+so*#a e" rea/)3" a 7Crees ;*e a os)+))4a4 4e *"

e6eo 4)$"3 a /*6)"ar a *")-ers)4a48

"#$": E#/"+$a a8!'/a)a a !%+ "+$)'a#$"+

Gr:1)/o @. D)s#r)+*/)3" or/e"#*a e" rea/)3" a 7Crees ;*e a os)+))4a4 4e *"

e6eo 4)$"3 a /*6)"ar a *")-ers)4a48

7%

36%

57%

Distribución porcentual en relación a ¿Crees que hay posibilidad de un empleo dignó al culminar la universidad?

SI

NO

MUY POCO


SI 6 KNO 7

&UY POCO H 7K

TOTAL 6 655


40/49

"#$": E#/"+$a a8!'/a)a a !%+ "+$)'a#$"+

L%+ r"+!$a)%+ 2%+$ra)%+ "+$># r";"r')%+ a -" "! 7K )" !%+ "+$)'a#$"+

/%#+')"ra -" MU POCO = "! r"+8%#)' -" NO = +%!% # K "#;a$'&% -"

SI 1a= 8%+'0'!')a) )" # "28!"% )'3# a! /!2'#ar !a #'("r+')a). E# + 2a=%ra

!%+ "+$)'a#$"+ /r""# -" #% $"#)r># "+$a+ 8%+'0'!')a)"+ )"0')% a -" !a /r'+'+

"/%#2'/a a/$a! )" V"#"&"!a %0!'3a a! /'"rr" )" 2/1a+ "28r"+a+ " '#)+$r'a+!'2'$a#)% a+ !a ;"#$" )" "28!"%.

C*a4ro : D)s#r)+*/)3" a+so*#a e" rea/)3" a 7Crees ;*e a ee//)3" -o/a/)o"a

ara os 3-e"es rese"#a 4)1)/*#a4es a/#*a6e"#e8


SI 66 KNO 4 6

&UY POCO 6 K

TOTAL 6 655


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"#$": E#/"+$a a8!'/a)a a !%+ "+$)'a#$"+

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L%+ )a$%+ -" 8r"+"#$a# "! /a)r% = 3r>;'/% NW7 r"("!a# -" "! K )" !%+

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Co"/*s)o"es

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8%!$'/a, !% /a! a;"/$a a! )"+arr%!!% +%/'a!, "/%#2'/% = 8%!$'/% )" #"+$r%8a+.

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#% )" #%+%$r%+.


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Re/o6e"4a/)o"es

A os J3-e"es!

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A os Rerese"#a"#es!

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2/1%+ 8a)r"+ 8%r "! 1"/1% )" $"#"r 2"$a+ % +"


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• N% )"+a#'2ar a !%+ 9("#"+ -" "+$># "# 0+-")a )" !a )"/'+'#

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%)+)o$ra10a


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