Quiriguá-Com. y Lenguaje 2º Sem

8/9/2019 Quiriguá-Com. y Lenguaje 2º Sem

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Modufkmlmkýf

y Nhf`uleh


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Modufkmlmkýf y Nhfùleh 0]hùfao shdhstrh

Yhshrvlaos toaos nos ahrhmcos. \uhal rkùrosldhfth prockikal nl rhproaummkýf totln o plrmklnah hsth dlthrkln haumltkvo, por mulnqukhr dhako o promhakdkhfto, skf nl lutorkzlmkýf ahn Kfstktuto@ulthdlnthmo ah Haumlmkýf Ylakojýfkml, K@HY. ]h`õf lrtämuno 19 ah nl Mofstktumkýf Wonätkml ah@ulthdlnl quh sh rhhrh l nl lutoräl.

© Kfstktuto @ulthdlnthmo ah Haumlmkýf Ylakojýfkml, [email protected] ufl oirl proaumkal por hn Ahplrtldhfto ah Yhalmmkýf y Akshüo, plrl hn

Kfstktuto @ulthdlnthmo ah Haumlmkýf Ylakojýfkml, K@HY.


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KModufkmlmkýf y Nhf`uleh ∙ Äfakmh

ÄfakmhÄfakmh ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................ K

]hdlfl


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KKK@HY ∙ \ukrk`uì

Mrhmkhfao hf vlnorhs ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ....... =0 Iko`rljäl5 Eosë Lftofko Dlrkfl............................ ..................... ..................... ..................... .. =0Hn dufao ahn nhf`uleh


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KKKModufkmlmkýf y Nhf`uleh ∙ Äfakmh

]hdlfl 9=Hn lavhriko ...................................................................................................................... 3<Nl lvhfturl ah nhhr5 Hn nu`lr dìs iofkto ahn dufao .................................................... 3=Modprhfskýf ah nhmturl ................... ..................... ...................... ..................... ..................... . 31

Mrhmkhfao hf vlnorhs ................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ......... 38Iko`rljäl5 Lff Mldhrof........................................................................................................... 38Hn dufao ahn nhf`uleh


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KZK@HY ∙ \ukrk`uì

Hn vhrio (KK) ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ........


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ZModufkmlmkýf y Nhf`uleh ∙ Äfakmh

Modprhfskýf ah nhmturl .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .


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ZKK@HY ∙ \ukrk`uì

]hdlfl =<Nl nkthrlturl ...................................................................................................................


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ZKKModufkmlmkýf y Nhf`uleh ∙ Äfakmh

Hn dufao ahn nhf`uleh


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Nos profodirhs


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Nos no`ros quh mofsh`ukrì hstl shdlflsof5 Wrlmtkmlr hn plrljrlsho.

Hxprhslr lmmkofhs quh rhjnhehf hn vlnor ahn modprodk-so mof nl modufkala.

Kahftkjkmlr quë hs hn profodirh y su lfthmhahfth.

Hdpnhlr nos profodirhs phrsoflnhs.

Lpnkmlr morrhmtldhfth nl tknah hf nls plnlirls dofo-sänlils.

Xslr lahmulaldhfth nos profodirhs „no— y „nos—.

Hsmrkikr su lutoiko`rljäl.

¿\uë hfmoftrlrì hstl shdlfl?

Hxprëshsh mof mnlrkala

Nl lvhfturl ah nhhr

• Xso morrhmto ah nos profodirhs „no—

y „nos—

• Nos profodirhs

• Nos profodirhs phrsoflnhs

Dheorh su orto`rljäl • Nl tknah aklmrätkml

• ]oy Yoslnkfl Quyum

(Qhxto lalptlao)


9K@HY ∙ \ukrk`uì


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L. No quh hfthfaký ahn thxto. Fkvhn nkthrln

Chdos vksto quh hn plrljrlsho hs hxpnkmlr o ldpnklr uf thxto mof

otrls plnlirls. Jäehsh hf hstl kahl ah nl nhmturl.„Quvh quh ahelr ah hstuaklr plrl alrnhs oportufkalahs l dks chrdl-fos—.

Nl poahdos plrljrlshlr lsä5

„Wlrl quh dks chrdlfos puakhrlf hstuaklr, yo aheë ah kr l nl hsmuhnl,ah hsl dlfhrl hnnos tuvkhrof ufl oportufkala quh yo fo tuvh—.


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Dk modprodkso mof nl modufkala

Yoslnkfl Quyum hs uf hehdpno ah phrsofls ùlthdlnthmls quh sh clf modpro-

dhtkao hf nl numcl por nos ahrhmcos ah nls phrsofls. Hf hn mlso ah Yoslnkfl,hsphmklndhfth por nls duehrhs vämtkdls ah nl vkonhfmkl. Modo hnnl, dumclsphrsofls sh hsjuhrzlf hf alr no dheor ah sä dksdls mof hn f ah no`rlr uflvkal dheor plrl su modufkala o su puhino. Hsto l vhmhs nhs oink`l l slmrkmlrsu vkal phrsofln y jldknklr, phro no clmhf mof hn mofvhfmkdkhfto ah quh hnmodprodkso por ufl mlusl eustl hs uf vlnor por hn quh vlnh nl phfl numclr.

Kfvhstkùh hn fodirh ah phrsofls ùlthdlnthmls quh clf laqukrkaoln`õf modprodkso mof su `rupo o mof su puhino. Nh aldos uf hehdpno,iusquh otros y hsmräilnos ahileo. Wuhah shr lnùkhf ah su jldknkl o ah sumodufkala.

Lcorl nh toml l ustha. ¿\uë modprodksos tkhfh hf su vkal? ¿Hf quë nh ùstlrälmodprodhthrsh?

Yoslnkfl QuyumZhnìsquhz

(


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Hehrmkmko <Nhl mlal orlmkýf y suirlyh hn lfthmhahfth ah nos profodirhs rhslntlaos. Cly uf hehdpno.

7. Nuks hftrhfl toaos nos aäls, ën qukhrh plrtkmkplr hf nl dlrltýf ah Moiìf.


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9. Nos profodirhs phrsoflnhs Clinlfao ah nls phrsofls

Cly vlrkls mnlshs ah profodirh. Hstl shdlfl hstuaklrhdos nos profodirhsphrsoflnhs.

Nos profodirhs phrsoflnhs hqukvlnhf l uf sustlftkvo y shülnlf nls trhs phr-sofls quh puhahf kfthrvhfkr hf nl orlmkýf5

Nl prkdhrl phrsofl5 nl quh clinl o hsmrkih.

[o nho nl rhmhtl ah momkfl.

Nl shùfal phrsofl5 nl quh hsmumcl o nhh.

Qõ prhplrlrìs hn plsthn.

Nl thrmhrl phrsofl5 ah qukhf o ah quë sh clinl o sh hsmrkih.

Hnnl rhmkikrì l nos kfvktlaos.Nos profodirhs phrsoflnhs tkhfhf akstkftl jordl, sh`õf nls jufmkofhs quhrhlnkmhf hf nl orlmkýf.

]kfùnlr Wnurln

Wrkdhrl phrsofl5 yo, dh, dä, mofdkò fosotros,

fosotrls, fos

]hùfal phrsofl5 tõ, th, tk, moftkò, usthahs, sh

vos, ustha

Qhrmhrl phrsofl5 ën, no, nh, sh, sä, mofskò mofskò, hnno, hnnos,

hnnl, nl, nh, sh, sä nos, nhs, hnnls, nls, nhs

Fosotros fos mhftrlrhdos hf nos profodirhs phrsoflnhs ahn suehto.

Hn profodirh phrsofln skhdprh ahih mofmoralr mof hn vhrio ah nl orlmkýf. Nhlhstos hehdpnos.

Hnnls rhlnkzlf uf trlileo vonuftlrko.

Fosotros lyualdos hf nl modufkala .

vhrioprofodirh (thrmhrl phrsofl, pnurln)

vhrioprofodirh (prkdhrl phrsofl, pnurln)

prkdhrl phrsoflclinlfth

shùfal phrsofloyhfth

thrmhrl phrsofllquhn ah qukhf sh clinl

skfùnlr yo tõ, vos, ustha ën, hnnl

pnurln fosotros, fosotrls usthahs hnnos, hnnls

3K@HY ∙ \ukrkùì


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Fo së por quë pkhfsls tõ,

sonalao, quh th oako yo,sk sodos nl dksdl mosl

yo, tõ.Fkmonìs @uknnëf

usthahs

Hehrmkmko =

Nhl hstos vhrsos y suirlyh nos profodirhs phrsoflnhs ahn suehto quh hfmuhftrh. Cly uf hehdpno.

Hehrmkmko 1

Modpnhth mlal orlmkýf mof hn profodirh phrsofln lahmulao. Qkhfh uf hehdpno.

7. lirkdos ufl muhftl hf hn Ilfmo.


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Dheorh su orto`rljäl

Nl tknah aklmrätkmlWor no `hfhrln, nos dofosänlios fo sh lmhftõlf, phro mulfao aos dofosä-nlios tkhfhf nl dksdl jordl y akjhrhfth sk`fkmlao, hs fhmhslrko tknalr ufoah hnnos.

Nl tknah quh akjhrhfmkl hftrh sä plnlirls mof nl dksdl jordl y akstkfto sk`fk-

Hehrmkmko :

Modpnhth mlal orlmkýf mof nls plnlirls morrhmtls. Cly uf hehdpno.

7. Ch trläao elrlih plrl .


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Hehrmkmko 0Hsmrkil „no— o „nos— soirh nl näfhl plrl modpnhtlr mlal orlmkýf. Nuh`o, suirlyh hn lfthmhahfth.@uähsh por hn hehdpno.

7. Ën dh pkaký tu fõdhro y yo sh ak.


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Hn profodirh hs nl plnlirl quh sustktuyh ln sustlftkvo.

Wor hehdpno5 Zoy l vksktlr l dk liuhnl, hnnl hstì hfjhrdl.

Hn lfthmhahfth hs hn sustlftkvo o `rupo ah plnlirls quh hs sustktukao por hn profodirh.

Wor hehdpno5 Dh hfmoftrë mof dk modplarh, ën hstlil hf hn plrquh.

Hn profodirh y su lfthmhahfth ahihf thfhr hn dksdo `ëfhro y fõdhro.

Nos modplühros ah Eulf hstuaklf dl`ksthrko, hnnos hstìf hf qukfto.

Ln`ufos profodirhs sono tkhfhf ufl jordl5 yo , tõ , dh , dä , th , tk , sh , fos.

Nos profodirhs phrsoflnhs hqukvlnhf l uf sustlftkvo y shülnlf nls trhs phrsofls quh puhahf

kfthrvhfkr hf nl orlmkýf5 • Wrkdhrl phrsofl. Nl quh clinl5 yo, fosotros, fosotrls… • ]h`ufal phrsofl. Nl quh hsmumcl5 tõ, ustha, vos, usthahs… • Qhrmhrl phrsofl. Ah qukhf o ah quë sh clinl5 ën, hnnl, hnnos, hnnls…

]khdprh ahihf mofmoralr mof hn vhrio ah nl orlmkýf.

Qõ hsmrkihs mof nhtrl mnlrl. Xsthahs hstuaklf.

Lutoiko`rljäl5 (Ah luto5 ufo dksdo, ufl dksdl y iko`rljäl5 ckstorkl ah nl vkal ah ufl phrsofl). Zkalah ufl phrsofl hsmrktl por hnnl dksdl.

Iujhth5 omkfl hf nl quh ufl lio`lal o uf lio`lao ltkhfah l sus mnkhfths.MOFLZK@XL5 Moorakflaorl Flmkofln ah Zkuals ah @ulthdlnl.

Kfauehrof5 ahn vhrio kfaumkr quh sk`fkml mofvhfmhr, hstkdunlr, kdpunslr.

Dknktlrkzlmkýf5 lmmkýf ah sodhthr l nl aksmkpnkfl dknktlr l uf `rupo ah phrsofls.

Xtknkmh hstls plnlirls ahn `noslrko mof jordls akjhrhfths. Nhl lfths nos hehdpnos.


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Lmtkvkala


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A. Nhl mlal orlmkýf. Nuh`o, suirlyh hn lfthmhahfth ahn profodirh rhslntlao. Qkhfh uf hehdpno.

7. Ldlfal y ]hilstklfl vklelrìf l Dëxkmo. Hnnls krìf l hstuaklr por aos dhshs.


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Lmtkvkala =. Ahslrronnh fuhvls cliknkalahs.

Chdos lprhfakao quh ufl lutoiko`rljäl hs nl ckstorkl ah nl vkal ah ufl phrsofl hsmrktl por hnnl dksdl.Lfädhsh l hsmrkikr nl suyl. Nh lyualdos mof ln`ufls kfakmlmkofhs.


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Fotls5Hsmrkil lquä sus kfqukhtuahs, ahsmuirkdkhftos o auals plrl modplrtkr hf hn märmuno ah hstuako.

Dlrquh mof uf mchquh nl mlsknnl quh dheor kfakquh su rhfakdkhfto. no`rlao hfpromhsofo

no`rlao

D k h f t r l s

h s t u a k l i l

. . .

Wrlmtkquë hn plrljrlsho.

Hxprhsë lmmkofhs quh rhjnhelf dk modprodkso mof nlmodufkala.

A h s p u ë s a h h s t u a k l r . . .

Kahftkjkmo hn profodirh y su lfthmhahfth.

Hdpnho morrhmtldhfth nos profodirhs phrsoflnhs.

Xso ah jordl lahmulal nl tknah hf nls plnlirls dofosänlils.

Hsmrkio y hxprhso mof morrhmmkýf nos profodirhs „no— y „nos—.

Hsmrkio dk lutoiko`rljäl y nl modplrto.


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Mnlshs ah profodirhs


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Nos no`ros quh mofsh`ukrì hstl shdlflsof5 Kahftkjkmlr kahls prkfmkplnhs dhaklfth nls dlrmls ahn

thxto.

Yhjnhxkoflr soirh hn uso rhspofslinh ah Kfthrfht.

Kahftkjkmlr y hdpnhlr nos profodirhs ahdostrltkvos,kfthrro`ltkvos, hxmnldltkvos y poshskvos.

Dheorlr nl mlnk`rljäl ah nls nhtrls Q”t, A”a.

Xslr lahmulaldhfth vhrios mof profodirh hfmnätkmo.

Hsmrkikr uf thxto soirh mýdo kdl`kfl quh jufmkoflKfthrfht.



Nl lvhfturl ah nhhr

• Zhrios mof profodirh hfmnätkmo

• Wrofodirhs ahdostrltkvos

• Wrofodirhs kfthrro`ltkvos y

hxmnldltkvos

• Wrofodirhs poshskvos

Dheorh su mlnk`rljäl • Nhtrls5 Q”t, A”a

• ¿\uë hs Kfthrfht?



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Kahftkjkquh nls trhs kahls prkfmkplnhs ah nl nhmturl ah coy. Mopkh mlal prh`uftl rhslntlal hf

nl nhmturl. Nuh`o, rhspýfalnl mof sus plnlirls. Nh lyualdos mof hn hehdpno. 7. ¿\uë hs Kfthrfht? Kfthrfht hs uf mofeufto ah rhahs kfjordìtkmls quh phrdkth mofhmtlr

vlrkls modputlaorls l nl vhz h kfthrmldiklr kfjordlmkýf hftrh toaos nos usulrkos.


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Hn uso rhspofslinh ah Kfthrfht

Kfthrfht sh plrhmh l ufl kfdhfsl ikinkothml, rhpnhtl ah nkiros, phro nl kfjordl-

mkýf quh lnnä hfmoftrldos fo hstì moftronlal por fkfùfl phrsofl. Lsä quhplrl clmhr iuhf uso ah hsth rhmurso thmfoný`kmo, ahihdos shr rhspofslinhs ymukalaosos. Lthfaldos l hstls lavhrthfmkls.

• Nl mlnkala ah nl kfjordlmkýf. Ln fo hstlr suphrvkslal, fo poahdosalrnh toao hn mrëakto l nl kfjordlmkýf quh rhmkikdos. Cly phrsofls quhpuinkmlf kfjordlmkýf jlnsl o pomo prhmksl. Wlrl rhlnkzlr ufl iuhfl kfvhs-tk`lmkýf, modplrh nl kfjordlmkýf ah akjhrhfths pì`kfls ahn dksdo thdly mofsunth juhfths hsphmklnkzlals.

• Nl pkrlthräl=. Lnùfls pì`kfls fo rhsphtlf nos ahrhmcos ah lutor. Ahsmlr-

`lr nkiros, dõskml y phnämunls fo lutorkzlals lthftl moftrl nos ahrhmcosah sus lutorhs.

Mulfao „ileldos— kfjordlmkýf ah Kfthrfht y nl utknkzldos plrl uf trlileo,ahihdos mktlr ln lutor y dhfmkoflr hn fodirh ah nl pì`kfl ah aofah nl oitu-vkdos. Ahihdos nhhr, lflnkzlr y slmlr nls kahls kdportlfths ahn thxto. Hvkthdossono mopklr, skf skqukhrl nhhr.

¿\uë opkfl ustha soirh hn uso ah Kfthrfht? ¿\uë otros vlnorhs mrhh quhahih prlmtkmlr mulfao iusml kfjordlmkýf o sh hfmuhftrl mof otrls phr-sofls hf nos akstkftos sktkos ah Kfthrfht? Yhjnhxkofh soirh hstls prhùftls.

Nuhò, hsmrkil sus kahls y modpìrtlnls hf hn märmuno ah hstuako.

Ckstorkl ah Kfthrfht

Nl L`hfmkl ah Wroyhmtos ah Kfvhstk`lmkýf Lvlfzlal (LYWL, por sus sk`nls hf kf-

`nës) mrhý hn proyhmto nnldlao LYWLFHQ. ]u oiehtkvo hrl mofhmtlr hf rha :7,777modputlaorls ahn Ahplrtldhfto ah Ahjhfsl ah nos Hstlaos Xfkaos. LYWLFHQ ako ork`hf l Kfthrfht, ufl rha ah modufkmlmkýf hf nl quh nl kfjordlmkýf shhfmuhftrl akstrkiukal y ahsmhftrlnkzlal, skf fkfùfl mhftrln quh nl moftronh.Lsä flmký Kfthrfht hf Hstlaos Xfkaos hf


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Cly lahdìs trhsprofodirhsahdostrltkvosfhutros5 hsto, hso,lquhnno.


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Hehrmkmko 9

Modpnhth mlal orlmkýf mof uf profodirh ahdostrltkvo quh sustktuyl ln sustlftkvo rhslntlao.Wromurh utknkzlr akstkftls jordls (ësth, ësh, lquën, htm.). Hn hehrmkmko 7 hs uf hehdpno.

7. Hsth `þkpkn hs ah Fhile y hs ah ]lmlpunls.


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Dheorh su mlnk`rljäl

Ahsplmkto y iuhfl nhtrl...

Q Q Q t t t A A A a a a

Q Q Q t t t A A A a a a

Qkqukslth Akhò thmnlao

Qkqukslth Akhò thmnlao

Aorl usl nl modputlaorl.Aorl usl nl modputlaorl.

9:K@HY ∙ \ukrkùì


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90Modufkmlmkýf y Nhf`uleh ∙ ]hdlfl


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@noslrko

Yhsudhf

Kfjordìtkml5 mofeufto ah mofomkdkhftos mkhftämos y tëmfkmos quh clmhf poskinh hn trltldkhfto luto-dìtkmo ah nl kfjordlmkýf por dhako ah nls modputlaorls.

Wì`kfl5 hf Kfthrfht, „pì`kfl whi— hs uf aomudhfto mof kfjordlmkýf quh jordl plrth ah uf sktkowhi.

Wkrlthräl5 roio ah nos ikhfhs ah ln`ukhf. ]h rhhrh l ikhfhs kfthnhmtulnhs, modo uf nkiro, ufl mlfmkýfo ufl phnämunl.

Hsmrkil ufl orlmkýf mof hstls plnlirls ahn `noslrko. Jäehsh hf nos hehdpnos.


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Lmtkvkala


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M. ]uirlyh nos profodirhs quh hfmuhftrh hf mlal orlmkýf. Nuh`o, mnlskjäquhnos hf nl tlinl ahlileo. @uähsh por hn hehdpno.

7. Lquën hs fuhstro noth.


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¡Wof`l l vonlr su kdl`kflmkýf! ¿Mýdo mrhh quh jufmkofl Kfthrfht? ¿Mýdo puhahf mofhmtlrsh tlftlsmodputlaorls l nl vhz? ¿\uë nh `ustlräl iusmlr y hfmoftrlr? Wlrl rhspofahr l hstls prh`uftls sh vlnhuslr nl jlftlsäl. Hsmrkil uf thxto ah omco näfhls ahsmrkikhfao no quh kdl`kfl.

Yhmuhrah5• Orahflr sus kahls lfths ah hsmrkikr.

• Hsmrkikr orlmkofhs mortls y modprhfskinhs.

• Clmhr uso ah nos profodirhs quh hstuaký hstl shdlfl.

• Mukalr nl orto`rljäl y nl mlnk`rljäl.

• Wrhshftlr uf thxto nkdpko y orahflao.

Yhvksh su rhalmmkýf dhaklfth nl nkstl ah motheo.

Kfakmlaorhs ah no`ro no`rlao hf promhso fo no`rlao


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no`rlao

D k h f t r l s

h s t u a k l i l

. . .

Kahftkjkquë nls kahls prkfmkplnhs dhaklfth nls dlrmls ahn thxto.

Yhjnhxkofë soirh hn uso rhspofslinh ah Kfthrfht.

A h

s p u ë s a h h s t u a k l r . . . Kahftkjkmo y hdpnho profodirhs ahdostrltkvos, kfthrro`ltkvos,

hxmnldltkvos y poshskvos.

Mukao nl mlnk`rljäl ah nos thxtos quh hsmrkio.

Hsmrkio y profufmko morrhmtldhfth nos vhrios mof profodirhshfmnätkmos.

Hsmrkio uf thxto hf hn quh ahsmrkio mýdo kdl`kfo quh jufmkoflKfthrfht.

Yhvksh su lprhfakzleh

=9K@HY ∙ \ukrk`uì


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Hn vhrio (K)

97

==Modufkmlmkýf y Nhf`uleh ∙ ]hdlfl 97


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Nos no`ros quh mofshùkrì hstl shdlflsof5 Kahftkjkmlr hn phrsofleh prkfmkpln ah uf thxto.

Yhjnhxkoflr soirh nos vlnorhs quh hfshülf nls dlhs-trls y nos dlhstros hf nl hsmuhnl.

Kahftkjkmlr vhrios hf uf thxto.

Hdpnhlr vhrios hf orlmkofhs.

Akstkfùkr nl rläz y nl thrdkflmkýf ahn vhrio.

Kahftkjkmlr nl phrsofl y hn fõdhro vhrilnhs.

Dheorlr nl mlnk`rljäl ah nls nhtrls C”c, B”b.

Yhalmtlr mof morrhmmkýf uf thxto ah l`rlahmkdkhftol su orkhftlaorl u orkhftlaor vonuftlrko.


Nl lvhfturl ah nhhr

• Hn vhrio

• Whrsofl y fõdhro

Dheorh su mlnk`rljäl • Nhtrls5 C”c, B”b

• Codhfleh ln dlhstro

(Qhxto lalptlao)

Eosë Lftofko Dlrkfl


=1K@HY ∙ \ukrkùì


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Yhspofal l mlal prh`uftl.


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Nls hfshülfzls ah dks dlhstros

¿\uë nh cl plrhmkao nl nhmturl ah coy? ]kf aual uf dlhstro, ufl dlhstrl, tln

vhz vlrkos, clf eu`lao uf plphn kdportlfth hf fuhstrls vkals. Aäl l aäl fosclf hfshülao l modprhfahr dheor hn dufao hxthrkor y l ahsmuirkr fuhstrodufao kfthrkor ln lfkdlrfos l nl rhhxkýf, l nl opkfkýf y l nl mrhlmkýf. ¿\uë tlnsk clmhdos uf rhplso ah fuhstros dlhstros y dlhstrls?

Hsmrkil, hf hn dlpl mofmhptuln, plnlirls quh rhhehf nos vlnorhs quh su dlhstrlo dlhstro prhjhrkao nh hfshülrof. Nh lyualdos mof hn kfkmko.

Ahspuës ah kahftkmlr nos vlnorhs ah su dlhstro, pkhfsh hf quë lmmkofhsah su vkal aklrkl poaräl prlmtkmlr hsos vlnorhs. Hsmräilnls y modprodëtl-sh l mudpnkrnls. Nh prhshftldos hsth hehdpno.

Nnh`lrë puftuln l dk trlileo y l nls rhufkofhs l nls quh lskstl.

Eosë Lftofko Dlrkfl

(


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Ln fln ah nlshdlfl hstìf nosmularos doahnoah mofeu`lmkýf.Nëlnos mof lthfmkýf,vlyl eìfaosh hf

nls thrdkflmkofhs ahmlal jordl vhriln.


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Hehrmkmko <

Nhl hn thxto y suirlyh nos vhrios quh hfmuhftrh. Nh lyualdos mof hn hehdpno.

Hehrmkmko 9

Orahfh mlal kffktkvo sh`õf nl mofeu`lmkýf l nl quh phrthfhmh. Qkhfh uf hehdpno.

Wrkdhrl mofeu`lmkýf5

]h`ufal mofeu`lmkýf5

Qhrmhrl mofeu`lmkýf5

Hehrmkmko =

L. Hsmrkil hn vhrio quh sh jordl ln ufkr nl rläz mof mlal thrdkflmkýf. Qkhfh uf hehdpno.


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Hehrmkmko 1Nhl mlal orlmkýf. Nuh`o, mopkh l nl ahrhmcl hn vhrio rhslntlao y hsmrkil l nl plr nl phrsofl y hnfõdhro morrhspofakhfths. Hn profodirh nh puhah shrvkr ah `uäl plrl rhsonvhr hn hehrmkmko. Qkhfhuf hehdpno.

7. Fosotros quhrhdos hstuaklr.


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C C C c c c B B B b b b

C C C c c c B B B b b b

Cuò Blrnl cofaurhüos

Cuò Blrnl cofaurhüos

Coy mldkfë uf bknýdhtro.Coy mldkfë uf bknýdhtro.

1<Modufkmlmkýf y Nhfùleh ∙ ]hdlfl 97



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Mofmhahr5 alr, otor`lr, hftrh`lr o laeuakmlr.

Hdhr`hr5 ahstlmlr o slnkrsh ah uf dhako o ldikhfth.

Nlihrkfto5 nu`lr jordlao por fudhrosos mldkfos mruzlaos hftrh sä ah tln jordl quh hs akjämkn hfmof-trlr nl slnkal.

Hsmrkil ufl orlmkýf mof hstls plnlirls ahn `noslrko. Jäehsh hf nos hehdpnos.


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Lmtkvkala


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A. Hsmrkil hn vhrio quh sh jordl ln ufkr nl rläz y nl thrdkflmkýf. Qkhfh uf hehdpno.


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I. Modpnhth hn akìno`o mof hn vhrio quh sh kfakml ahileo ah nl näfhl. Mukah nl mofmoralfmkl ah mlalorlmkýf. Nh lyualdos mof hn hehdpno.

‑ ¡Conl Whtrofl! ¿\uë ?

‑ [o prkdhro ah iìskmo.

‑ Fuhstro `rupo l nl orkhftlmkýf nos aodkf`os ¿[ hn ah usthahs?

‑ Fosotros orkhftlmkýf nos sìilaos.

‑ ¿Xsthahs yl hn prkdhr hxldhf?

‑ Nl prýxkdl shdlfl, nl orkhftlaorl nl pruhil.


L. Nl nhmturl ah hstl shdlfl fos kfvktl l rhjnhxkoflr soirh nl nlior ah nos dlhstros hf fuhstrlmodufkala. Hsmrkil uf dhfsleh ah l`rlahmkdkhfto l su orkhftlaorl u orkhftlaor vonuftlrko porlmodplülrno hf hsth promhso ah lprhfakzleh. Nh lyualdos mof hn kfkmko.

Hvlnõh su rhalmmkýf dhaklfth nl nkstl ah motheo.



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no`rlao

D k h f t r l s

h s t u a k l i l

. . .

Kahftkjkquë hn phrsofleh prkfmkpln ah uf thxto.

Yhjnhxkofë soirh nos vlnorhs quh hfshülf nls dlhstrls y nos dlhs-tros hf nl hsmuhnl.

A h s p u ë s a h h s t u a k l r . . . Kahftkjkmo vhrios hf uf thxto, nl mofeu`lmkýf l nl quh phrthfhmhf y

akstkf`o nl rläz y nl thrdkflmkýf.

Hdpnho morrhmtldhfth nos vhrios hf nos thxtos quh hsmrkio.

Kahftkjkmo nl phrsofl y fõdhro vhrilnhs.


Yhalmto mof morrhmmkýf uf thxto ah l`rlahmkdkhfto l dkorkhftlaorl u orkhftlaor vonuftlrko.


1:K@HY ∙ \ukrk`uì


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Mularos doahno

ah mofeu`lmkýf

l d lr

l d ë

l d l r ë

p l r t ä p l r t k r ë

t h d h r ë

t h d ä

t h d h r p l r t k r

- l r -h r

-k r

10Modufkmlmkýf y Nhf`uleh ∙ ]hdlfl 97


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9. Zhrio doahno ah nl sh`ufalmofeu`lmkýf5 thdhr

Doao kfakmltkvo Doao suieuftkvo

Jordls skdpnhs Jordls modpuhstls Jordls skdpnhs Jordls modpuhstls

Wrhshfth Wrhtërkto phrjhmto Wrhshfth Wrhtërkto phrjhmto

[o thdoQõ thdhsXstha thdhËn/Hnnl thdhFosotros thdhdosZosotros thdëksXsthahs thdhfHnnos/Hnnls thdhf

ch thdkaocls thdkaocl thdkaocl thdkaochdos thdkaocliëks thdkaoclf thdkaoclf thdkao

thdlthdlsthdlthdlthdldosthdìksthdlfthdlf

clyl thdkaoclyls thdkaoclyl thdkaoclyl thdkaoclyldos thdkaoclyìks thdkaoclylf thdkaoclylf thdkao

Wrhtërkto kdphrjhmtoWrhtërkto

pnusmuldphrjhmtoWrhtërkto kdphrjhmto

Wrhtërktopnusmuldphrjhmto

[o thdälQõ thdälsXstha thdälËn/Hnnl thdälFosotros thdäldosZosotros thdälksXsthahs thdälfHnnos/Hnnls thdälf

cliäl thdkaocliäls thdkaocliäl thdkaocliäl thdkaocliäldos thdkaocliälks thdkaocliälf thdkaocliälf thdkao

thdkhrl o thdkhshthdkhrls o thdkhshsthdkhrl o thdkhshthdkhrl o thdkhshthdkërldos o thdkëshdosthdkhrlks o thdkhshksthdkhrlf o thdkhshfthdkhrlf o thdkhshf

cuikhrl o cuikhsh thdkaocuikhrls o cuikhshs thdkaocuikhrl o cuikhsh thdkaocuikhrl o cuikhsh thdkaocuikërldos o cuikëshdos thdkaocuikhrlks o cuikhshks thdkaocuikhrlf o cuikhshf thdkaocuikhrlf o cuikhshf thdkao

Wrhtërkto kfahjfkao Wrhtërkto lfthrkor Juturo kdphrjhmto Juturo phrjhmto

[o thdä Qõ thdksthXstha thdkýËn/Hnnl thdkýFosotros thdkdos

Zosotros thdksthksXsthahs thdkhrofHnnos/Hnnls thdkhrof

cuih thdkaocuiksth thdkaocuio thdkaocuio thdkaocuikdos thdkao

cuiksthks thdkaocuikhrof thdkaocuikhrof thdkao

thdkhrhthdkhrhsthdkhrhthdkhrhthdkërhdos

thdkhrhksthdkhrhfthdkhrhf

cuikhrh thdkaocuikhrhs thdkaocuikhrh thdkaocuikhrh thdkaocuikërhdos thdkao

cuikhrhks thdkaocuikhrhf thdkaocuikhrhf thdkao

Juturo kdphrjhmto Juturo phrjhmto Doao kdphrltkvo

[o thdhrëQõ thdhrìsXstha thdhrìËn/Hnnl thdhrìFosotros thdhrhdosZosotros thdhrëksXsthahs thdhrìfHnnos/Hnnls thdhrìf

clirë thdkaoclirìs thdkaoclirì thdkaoclirì thdkaoclirhdos thdkaoclirëks thdkaoclirìf thdkaoclirìf thdkao

Wrhshfth

Qhdh tõQhdl usthaQhdl ënQhdldos fosotrosQhdha vosotrosQhdlf usthahsQhdlf hnnos

Wothfmkln skdpnh okdphrjhmto Wothfmkln modpuhstoo phrjhmto Jordls fo phrsoflnhs o vhriokahs

[o thdhrälQõ thdhrälsXstha thdhrälËn/Hnnl thdhrälFosotros thdhräldosZosotros thdhrälksXsthahs thdhrälfHnnos/Hnnls thdhrälf

cliräl thdkaocliräls thdkaocliräl thdkaocliräl thdkaocliräldos thdkaoclirälks thdkaoclirälf thdkaoclirälf thdkao

]kdpnhsKfjfktkvo ..............................thdhr@hrufako .............................. thdkhfaoWlrtkmkpko .............................thdkao

ModpuhstlsKfjfktkvo ..............................clihr thdkao@hrufako ..............................clikhfao thdkao

1;Modufkmlmkýf y Nhf`uleh ∙ ]hdlfl 97


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=. Zhrio doahno ah nl thrmhrlmofeu`lmkýf5 plrtkr

Doao kfakmltkvo Doao suieuftkvo

Jordls skdpnhs Jordls modpuhstls Jordls skdpnhs Jordls modpuhstls

Wrhshfth Wrhtërkto phrjhmto Wrhshfth Wrhtërkto phrjhmto

[o plrtoQõ plrthsXstha plrthËn/Hnnl plrthFosotros plrtkdosZosotros plrtäsXsthahs plrthfHnnos/Hnnls plrthf

ch plrtkaocls plrtkaocl plrtkaocl plrtkaochdos plrtkaocliëks plrtkaoclf plrtkaoclf plrtkao

plrtlplrtlsplrtlplrtlplrtldosplrtìksplrtlfplrtlf

clyl plrtkaoclyls plrtkaoclyl plrtkaoclyl plrtkaoclyldos plrtkaoclyìks plrtkaoclylf plrtkaoclylf plrtkao

Wrhtërkto kdphrjhmtoWrhtërkto

pnusmuldphrjhmtoWrhtërkto kdphrjhmto

Wrhtërktopnusmuldphrjhmto

[o plrtälQõ plrtälsXstha plrtälËn/Hnnl plrtälFosotros plrtäldosZosotros plrtälksXsthahs plrtälfHnnos/Hnnls plrtälf

cliäl plrtkaocliäls plrtkaocliäl plrtkaocliäl plrtkaocliäldos plrtkaocliälks plrtkaocliälf plrtkaocliälf plrtkao

plrtkhrl o plrtkhshplrtkhrls o plrtkhshsplrtkhrl o plrtkhshplrtkhrl o plrtkhshplrtkërldos o plrtkëshdosplrtkhrlks o plrtkhshksplrtkhrlf o plrtkhshfplrtkhrlf o plrtkhshf

cuikhrl o cuikhsh plrtkao

cuikhrls o cuikhshs plrtkaocuikhrl o cuikhsh plrtkaocuikhrl o cuikhsh plrtkaocuikërldos o cuikëshdos plrtkaocuikhrlks o cuikhshks plrtkaocuikhrlf o cuikhshf plrtkaocuikhrlf o cuikhshf plrtkao

Wrhtërkto kfahjfkao Wrhtërkto lfthrkor Juturo kdphrjhmto Juturo phrjhmto

[o plrtä Qõ plrtksthXstha plrtkýËn/Hnnl plrtkýFosotros plrtkdosZosotros plrtksthksXsthahs plrtkhrofHnnos/Hnnls plrtkhrof

cuih plrtkaocuiksth plrtkaocuio plrtkaocuio plrtkaocuikdos plrtkaocuiksthks plrtkaocuikhrof plrtkaocuikhrof plrtkao

plrtkhrhplrtkhrhsplrtkhrhplrtkhrhplrtkërhdosplrtkhrhksplrtkhrhfplrtkhrhf

cuikhrh plrtkaocuikhrhs plrtkaocuikhrh plrtkaocuikhrh plrtkaocuikërhdos plrtkaocuikhrhks plrtkaocuikhrhf plrtkaocuikhrhf plrtkao

Juturo kdphrjhmto Juturo phrjhmto Doao kdphrltkvo

[o plrtkrëQõ plrtkrìsXstha plrtkrìËn/Hnnl plrtkrìFosotros plrtkrhdosZosotros plrtkrëksXsthahs plrtkrìfHnnos/Hnnls plrtkrìf

clirë plrtkaoclirìs plrtkaoclirì plrtkaoclirì plrtkaoclirhdos plrtkaoclirëks plrtkaoclirìf plrtkaoclirìf plrtkao

Wrhshfth

Wlrth tõWlrtl usthaWlrtl ënWlrtldos fosotrosWlrtka vosotrosWlrtlf usthahsWlrtlf hnnos

Wothfmkln skdpnh o

kdphrjhmto

Wothfmkln modpuhsto

o phrjhmtoJordls fo phrsoflnhs o vhriokahs

[o plrtkrälQõ plrtkrälsXstha plrtkrälËn/Hnnl plrtkrälFosotros plrtkräldosZosotros plrtkrälksXsthahs plrtkrälfHnnos/Hnnls plrtkrälf

cliräl plrtkaocliräls plrtkaocliräl plrtkaocliräl plrtkaocliräldos plrtkaoclirälks plrtkaoclirälf plrtkaoclirälf plrtkao

]kdpnhsKfjfktkvo ..............................plrtkr@hrufako ..............................plrtkhfaoWlrtkmkpko .............................plrtkao

ModpuhstlsKfjfktkvo ..............................clihr plrtkao@hrufako ..............................clikhfao plrtkao

87K@HY ∙ \ukrk`uì


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Hn vhrio (KK)

9<

8<Modufkmlmkýf y Nhf`uleh ∙ ]hdlfl 9


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Nos no`ros quh mofshùkrì hstl shdlflsof5 Kahftkjkmlr hn nu`lr aofah omurrhf nls lmmkofhs ah ufl

flrrlmkýf.

Ahsmuirkr nos vlnorhs quh hfmkhrrl nl trlakmkýf orln

ùlthdlnthml. Yhmofomhr nos mldikos `rldltkmlnhs ah tkhdpo hf

nos vhrios.

Hdpnhlr morrhmtldhfth nos tkhdpos ahn vhrio.

Akstkfùkr nls jordls skdpnhs y modpuhstls ah nosvhrios.

Hdpnhlr morrhmtldhfth nls thrdkflmkofhs vhrilnhs5„”lsth—, „”ksth—.

Ahsmrkikr morrhmtldhfth nl mlsl aofah vkvh.



Nl lvhfturl ah nhhr

• Qhrdkflmkofhs vhrilnhs hf „”lsth—,

„”ksth—

• Hn tkhdpo ahn vhrio

• Jordls skdpnhs y modpuhstls ah

nos vhrios

• Nos hspärktus ahn nlò

(Qhxto lalptlao)

Whrnl Whtrkmc




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¿Hn ìdikto aofah sh ahslrronnl nl lmmkýf ah nl nhmturl hs likhrto o mhrrlao? Hsmräilno hf hn

rhmularo ahn mhftro y modpnhth hn dlpl mofmhptuln mof nls plnlirls quh sh rhnlmkofhf mofhn ìdikto ah nl nhmturl. Nh aldos uf hehdpno.

I. No quh ahaueo ah nl nhmturl. Fkvhn kfjhrhfmkln


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Nl rkquhzl ah nl trlakmkýf orln

Nl nhmturl ah hstl shdlfl fos clinl ah nos sumhsos quh sh muhftlf hf jldknkl

o hftrh nos vhmkfos ah uf dksdo nu`lr.

Qoaos nos puhinos ùlralf hf su dhdorkl ckstýrkml nhyhfals y mlfmkofhs quhclf hsmumclao ah sus lfthplslaos y quh nls vlf rhpktkhfao ah plarhs l ckeos.Nl jlftlsäl y nl kdl`kflmkýf ah qukhf nls muhftl, nls vl trlfsjordlfao, por hsopuhah clihr vlrkls vhrskofhs ah ufl dksdl ckstorkl.

Nl trlakmkýf orln ̀ ulthdlnthml hs duy rkml y vlrklal. Hf hnnl poahdos vhr rhh- elals nls mrhhfmkls, nls mostudirhs y nos vlnorhs ah fuhstrls munturls akvhrsls.

¿\uë nhyhfals sh muhftlf hf su modufkala? Kfvhstkùh hftrh sus jldk-nklrhs, ldkòs o mof nls lfmklfls y nos lfmklfos ah su puhino. Hsmrkil nostätunos hf nls näfhls ah lileo. Cly lnùfos hehdpnos hf nl monudfl ah nlahrhmcl quh puhahf shrvkrnh ah ùäl.

Modplrtl hn hehrmkmko lfthrkor hf hn märmuno ah hstuako y pnltkquh mof susmodplührls y modplühros soirh nl nhyhfal quh dìs nhs kfthrhsý y soirh

nos vlnorhs quh hfmkhrrlf nos rhnltos ah nl trlakmkýf orln.

Whrnl Whtrkmc

(


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Hehrmkmko <

Nhl mlal orlmkýf. Nuh`o, dlrquh mof uf mchquh nl mlsknnl quh kfakml hn tkhdpo hf quh hstìmofeu`lao hn vhrio. Qkhfh uf hehdpno.

Hehrmkmko 9

Hsmrkil hn vhrio „oishrvlr — hf hn tkhdpo quh sh kfakml hf mlal monudfl. ]k tkhfh auals, rhvkshnos mularos doahno ah mofeu`lmkýf. Mukah ah monomlr nl tknah hf nos vhrios quh nl fhmhsktlf. Nhlyualdos mof hn hehdpno.

Hehrmkmko =

Nls orlmkofhs ah nl monudfl kzqukhral hstìf hf tkhdpo prhshfth. Zuhnvl l hsmrkikr mlal uflmldiklfao hn vhrio hf hn tkhdpo quh sh kfakml. ]k tkhfh auals, mofsunth nos mularos doahno ahmofeu`lmkýf. Nh lyualdos mof uf hehdpno.

orlmkýf prhshfth prhtërkto juturo

7. ¿\uë akmh?


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9. Jordls skdpnhs y modpuhstls Xfl plnlirl o aos plnlirls

Hf hsplüon sh puhah hxprhslr hn tkhdpo mof jordls skdpnhs y jordls mod-puhstls.

• Nls jordls skdpnhs ahn vhrio hxprhslf nl lmmkýf mof ufl sonl plnlirl.

[o modo. Qõ modhs.

Hnnl modký. Hnnos modhrìf.

• Nls jordls modpuhstls ahn vhrio hxprhslf nl lmmkýf mof aos plnlirls5hn vhrio clihr dìs hn plrtkmkpko ahn vhrio mofeu`lao.

Hn plrtkmkpko sh jordl lülakhfao l nl rläz ahn vhrio nls thrdkflmkofhs”lao o ”kao5 vklelao, modkao, nhäao, mudpnkao... Zhldos5

Cliäl nlv lao. clf nhäao.

Nh prhshftldos uf hehdpno ah tkhdpo modpuhsto.

[o ch modkao. Fosotros chdos modkao.

Qõ cls modkao. Xsthahs clf modkao.

Hnnl cl modkao. Hnnos clf modkao.

Nos mularos doahno ah mofeu`lmkýf prhshftlf toals nls jordls skdpnhs ymodpuhstls ahn vhrio. Hstõakhnls mof lthfmkýf hf nl shdlfl 97.

Hehrmkmko 1Nhl mlal orlmkýf y suirlyh hn vhrio. Nuh`o, kfakquh mof uf mchquh () sk sh trltl ah ufl jordlskdpnh o ufl jordl modpuhstl ahn vhrio. @uähsh por hn hehdpno.

7. Nls liuhnls rhnltlrof muhftos ah lplrhmkaos.


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Qhrdkflmkýf vhriln hf „”lsth— „”ksth—Mulfao clinldos o hsmrkikdos ahihdos thfhr mukalao ah hdpnhlr morrhmtldhfth nl thrdkflmkýfah nos vhrios. Hf hstl shmmkýf, pofarhdos lthfmkýf l nls thrdkflmkofhs5 ”lsth, ”ksth, ah nl sh`ufalphrsofl ahn skf`unlr, hf prhtërkto kfahfkao. Wor hehdpno5 akeksth, mlnnlsth, htm.

Nhl hf voz lntl5

Nls thrdkflmkofhs vhrilnhs „”lsth, ”ksth— fo nnhvlf „s— fln.

Hehrmkmko 8

Modpnhth mlal orlmkýf mof hn vhrio quh sh kfakml ahileo ah nl näfhl. Hsmräilno hf prhtërkto kfah-fkao, modo hf hn hehdpno.

7. Nl cliktlmkýf hstì vhftknlal porquh tõ nl vhftlfl.


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Hfoeýf5 quh sh hfjlal mof jlmknkala.

Hfmuhftrh otrls plnlirls ah nl dksdl jldknkl quh nl ahn `noslrko. Nh lyualdos mof uf hehdpno.


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Lmtkvkala


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Lmtkvkala 9. Wkhfsh y lpnkquh no quh lprhfaký.L. Mldiko ah tkhdpo. Nhl hn thxto mof lthfmkýf. Ahspuës vuhnvl l hsmrkikrno hf tkhdpo juturo. Nh

lyualdos mof hn kfkmko.

I. Mldiko ah phrsofl. Zuhnvl l hsmrkikr hn pìrrljo quh skùh hf shùfal phrsofl ahn skfùnlr. Nhlyualdos mof hn modkhfzo.

Modo sh moftlrì hf nls ckstorkls quh flakh mrhhrì ,

Qõ hsmumclsth

Modo sh muhftl hf nls ckstorkls quh lcorl flakh mrhh, hstl mkuala

juh mofstrukal soirh mkualahs hfthrrlals hf hn mhftro ah Ldërkml.Wlrl ufkr nls pkharls ah sus duros nl dhzmnl sh ldlsý mof nhmch.

Dkùhn Ìf`hn Lsturkls

[o hsmumcë uf rhnlto duy kfthrhslfth, no hsmrkiä plrl fo onvkalrno y nuhò sh no

moftë l dks modplührls y modplühros. [o aksjrutë kdl`kflfao l nos phrsoflehs.

Lmtkvkala =. Ahslrronnh fuhvls cliknkalahs.L. ¡]k`l prlmtkmlfao mof nls jordls skdpnhs ahn vhrio! Hsmrkil hn vhrio „morrhr — hf hn tkhdpo quh

sh kfakml hf mlal monudfl. ]k tkhfh auals, rhvksh nos mularos doahno ah mofeu`lmkýf. Mukah ahmonomlr nl tknah hf nos vhrios quh nl fhmhsktlf. Nh lyualdos mof hn hehdpno.

prhshfth prhtërkto kfahjfkao juturo kdphrjhmto

[o morro [o morrä [o morrhrë

Qõ Qõ Qõ

Xstha Xstha Xstha

Hnnl/Ën Hnnl/Ën Hnnl/Ën

Fosotrls (os) Fosotrls (os) Fosotrls (os)

Xsthahs Xsthahs Xsthahs

Hnnls/Hnnos Hnnls/Hnnos Hnnls/Hnnos

:9K@HY ∙ \ukrkùì


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vhrio5 clinlr

prhtërkto phrjhmto prhtërkto pnusmuldphrjhmto juturo phrjhmto

[o ch clinlao [o cliäl clinlao [o clirë clinlao

Qõ Qõ Qõ

Xstha Xstha Xstha


Fosotrls (os) Fosotrls (os) Fosotrls (os)

Xsthahs Xsthahs Xsthahs


vhrio5 vkvkr

prhtërkto phrjhmto prhtërkto pnusmuldphrjhmto juturo phrjhmto

[o ch vkvkao [o cliäl vkvkao [o clirë vkvkao

Qõ Qõ Qõ

Xstha Xstha Xstha


Fosotrls (os) Fosotrls (os) Fosotrls (os)Xsthahs Xsthahs Xsthahs


I. ¡Xf rhto dìs! Nl dlfhrl ah lprhfahr nls akstkftls jordls modpuhstls ahn vhrio hs prlmtkmlf-ao dumco. Ltrëvlsh l rhlnkzlr nos hehrmkmkos quh hstìf l moftkfulmkýf. Hsmrkil mlal vhrio hf hntkhdpo quh sh kfakml hf nls monudfls. ]k tkhfh auals, rhvksh nos mularos doahno ah mofeu`lmkýf.Mukah ah monomlr nl tknah hf nos vhrios quh nl fhmhsktlf. Nh lyualdos mof hn hehdpno.

M. Ln ahsmrkikr uf nu`lr, ahihdos promurlr alr ufl vkskýf `hfhrln y prhshftlr nos hnhdhftos quhno jordlf5 räos, doftlüls, mldkfos... Qldikëf poahdos kfmnukr nls hdomkofhs quh fos provoml5lnh`räl, trksthzl, hsphrlfzl… Ahsmrkil su mlsl. ¿Mýdo hs? ¿\uë oiehtos cly? Yhlnkmh hsth hehrmkmkohf su mulahrfo y sk`l hstls kfakmlmkofhs.

• ]hnhmmkofh nos hnhdhftos y nos laehtkvos quh utknkzlrì plrl ahsmrkikr. Fo onvkah kfmnukr sus

hdomkofhs.

• Or`lfkmh nl kfjordlmkýf lfths ah hsmrkikr.

• Xtknkmh hn dksdo tkhdpo vhriln hf toao hn hsmrkto.

• Mukah nl rhalmmkýf, nl orto`rljäl y nl mlnk`rljäl.

• Ln thrdkflr ah hsmrkikr, rhvksh su thxto y morräelno sk hs fhmhslrko.

:=Modufkmlmkýf y Nhf`uleh ∙ ]hdlfl 9


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no`rlao

D k h f t r l s

h s t u a k l i l

. . .

Kahftkjkquë hn nu`lr aofah omurrh nl lmmkýf ah ufl flrrlmkýf.

Ahsmuirä nos vlnorhs quh hfmkhrrl nl trlakmkýf orln ùlthdlnthml.

A h s p u ë s a h h s t u a k l r . . . Yhmofozmo nos mldikos `rldltkmlnhs ah tkhdpo hf nos vhrios.

Hdpnho morrhmtldhfth nos tkhdpos ahn vhrio.

Akstkfò nls jordls skdpnhs y modpuhstls ah nos vhrios.

Hdpnho morrhmtldhfth nls thrdkflmkofhs „”lsth—, „”ksth— hf nlhxprhskýf orln y hsmrktl.

Ahsmrkio mof morrhmmkýf nl mlsl aofah vkvo.


:1K@HY ∙ \ukrkùì


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99

Zhrios rhùnlrhsh krrhùnlrhs

:8Modufkmlmkýf y Nhfùleh ∙ ]hdlfl 99


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Nos no`ros quh mofshùkrì hstl shdlflsof5 Kahftkjkmlr plnlirls y hxprhskofhs quh kfakmlf sumhskýf

thdporln hf uf thxto.

Yhjnhxkoflr soirh hn rhsphto quh ahduhstrlf nls for-

dls ah morthsäl. Kahftkjkmlr nos vhrios rhùnlrhs h krrhùnlrhs.

Wrlmtkmlr nl mofeu`lmkýf ah nos vhrios krrhùnlrhs.

Hdpnhlr morrhmtldhfth nos vhrios mof hn profodirh„vos—.

Yhalmtlr nl flrrlmkýf ah uf vkleh.


Nl lvhfturl ah nhhr

• Zhrios rhùnlrhs h krrhùnlrhs

Hxprëshsh mof mnlrkala• Mofmoralfmkl ah nos vhrios mof hn

profodirh „vos—

• Qzuntlb‛l slnh ahn mhrro

Mhnso Nlrl


::K@HY ∙ \ukrkùì


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Nhl mlal orlmkýf y suirlyh nls plnlirls quh kfakmlf thdporlnkala mof monor fh`ro y hn vhrio

mof monor lflrlfelao. Nuh`o, hsmrkil sk nl lmmkýf hstì hxprhslal hf tkhdpo plslao, prhshftho juturo. Jäehsh hf hn hehdpno.

7. Nuh`o, plsý uf foinh ah nl rh`kýf.


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Hn rhsphto y nls fordls ah morthsäl

L toals y toaos fos ̀ ustl quh fos trlthf mof rhsphto. Hn rhsphto hs nl lthfmkýf

y nl mofskahrlmkýf clmkl nls phrsofls. Hs uf vlnor quh sh dlfkhstl hf fuhstrljordl ah lmtulr y ah trltlr l nos ahdìs. Yhmorahdos mýdo slnualrof nos l`rk-muntorhs ln ]hüor ah nos Mhrros.

Iuhfos aäls shüor, quh no plsh ikhf, dumco ùsto.

Hstls hxprhskofhs ah morthsäl sof ufl ahdostrlmkýf ah rhsphto y ljhmto quhjlmknktlf nl mofvkvhfmkl. L aklrko, kfthrmldikldos jrlshs ah morthsäl modo ëstls5

• Conl, ¿mýdo hstìs? • Iuhfos aäls, ¿mýdo ldlfhmký?

• ¡Lakýs! \uh th vlyl ikhf. • Dumco ùsto. Muäahsh.

Wkhfsh hf aos lmmkofhs mofmrhtls quh produhvlf hn rhsphto y nls for-dls ah morthsäl, por hehdpno5 hfshülr l sus ckeos l slnualr mof rhsphto. Nnhvh sus kahls ln märmuno ah hstuako. Hnliorh eufto l sus modplühros ymodplührls uf mlrthn mof nls kahls ah toaos y toals. Iusquhf uf tätunolahmulao, modo por hehdpno5 Hn rhsphto lyual l nl mofvkvhfmkl.

Mhnso L. Nlrl Jkùhrol

Mhnso Nlrl hs uf ckstorklaor ùlthdlnthmo quh sh cl hsphmklnkzlao hf nl mun-turl popunlr. Hs tldikëf kfvhstk`laor y mltharìtkmo ah nl Xfkvhrskala ah ]lfMlrnos.

Cl hsmrkto fudhrosos nkiros, lrtämunos y hfslyos soirh trlakmkýf orln, ckstorkly lftropono`äl ah @ulthdlnl y Ldërkml Nltkfl. Hs pohtl, dõskmo y ufo ah nos

hstuakosos ahn jonmnorh dìs jldosos ahn moftkfhfth ldhrkmlfo.

Ah sus oirls ahstlmldos5

• Nhyhfals y mlsos ah nl trlakmkýf orln ah @ulthdlnl (


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[o soy [o juk [o shrë

Qõ hrhs Qõ juksth Qõ shrìsXstha hs Xstha juh Xstha shrì

Ën/Hnnl hs Ën/Hnnl juh Ën/Hnnl shrì

Fosotros (ls) sodos Fosotros (ls) jukdos Fosotros (ls) shrhdos

Xsthahs sof Xsthahs juhrof Xsthahs shrìf

Hnnos/Hnnls sof Hnnos/Hnnls juhrof Hnnos/Hnnls shrìf


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Hehrmkmko =

Mofeuùh hn vhrio kr hf prhshfth, prhtërkto kfahjkfkao y juturo kdphrjhmto. Nh lyualdos mof nos

hehdpnos.

• Hn vhrio kr tldikëf hs duy krrhùnlr. Modpìrhno mof hn vhrio do-ahno y jäehsh mýdo mldikl.

Mofmnukdos quh hn vhrio kr hs krrhùnlr porquh mldikl hf prhshfth y hfprhtërkto kfahjkfkao. Yhplsh nl mofeu`lmkýf ahn vhrio kr.

¡Dumcl lthfmkýf!

• Hn prhtërkto kfahfkao ahn vhrio shr tkhfh nl dksdl jordl quh hnprhtërkto kfahfkao ahn vhrio kr. Akstkfùkdos mlal ufo por hnshftkao ah nl orlmkýf.

[o juk hstuaklfth ah l`rofodäl. (ahn vhrio shr) [o juk l nl ufkvhrskala. (ahn vhrio kr)

kfjfktkvo prhshfth prhtërkto juturo kfjfktkvo prhshfth prhtërkto juturo

plrtkr plrto plrtä plrtkrë kr voy juk krë


[o voy [o juk [o krë

Qõ vls Qõ juksth Qõ krìs

Xstha vl Xstha juh Xstha krì

Ën/Hnnl vl Ën/Hnnl juh Ën/Hnnl krì

Fosotros (ls) vldos Fosotros (ls) jukdos Fosotros (ls) krhdos

Xsthahs vlf Xsthahs juhrof Xsthahs krìfHnnos/Hnnls vlf Hnnos/Hnnls juhrof Hnnos/Hnnls krìf


[o voy krë

Qõ

Xstha

Ën, hnnl juh

Fosotros, fosotrls vldos

Xsthahs

Hnnos, hnnls

0=Modufkmlmkýf y Nhfùleh ∙ ]hdlfl 99


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Mofmoralfmkl ah nos vhrios mof hn

profodirh „vos—Hf @ulthdlnl, hn rhsto ah pläshs mhftroldhrkmlfos, Lr`hftkfl y Xruùly, hs duy modõf utknkzlr hnprofodirh „vos— plrl nl shùfal phrsofl ahn skfùnlr. Hstl dlfhrl ah trltldkhfto tkhfh sus jordlsvhrilnhs (vos morrës, slntìs… ) sono hf tkhdpo prhshfth. Hf hn rhsto ah nos tkhdpos vhrilnhs hn profodirh„vos— utknkzl nls dksdls jordls quh hn profodirh „tõ— (tõ vonvhrìs, vos vonvhrìs).

Jäehsh mýdo mldikl hn vhrio sh`õf sh hdpnhh hn profodirh „vos— o hn profodirh „tõ—.

Qldikëf mldikl nl jordl ahn vhrio mulfao sh hxprhsl ufl orahf o nl phtkmkýf ah uf jlvor.

Hn pnurln ah nl shùfal phrsofl „vos— morrhspofah ln profodirh „vosotros—, phro hf @ulthdlnl y hfhn rhsto ah pläshs nltkfoldhrkmlfos sh utknkzl hn profodirh „usthahs—.

No morrhmto hs5

Qõ clinls o vos clinìs.

Qõ hrhs o vos sos.

¡Lthfmkýf! Hs kfmorrhmto ahmkr5

Qõ clinìs.

Qõ sos.

vos clinìs poaës aordäs sos

tõ clinls puhahs auhrdhs hrhs

mldkfì vos pofë vos slnä vos

mldkfl tõ pof tõ sln tõ

Hehrmkmko 1L. Modpnhth nl tlinl mof nl jordl quh lmodplül ln profodirh „vos—. Hsmräilno hf tkhdpo

prhshfth. Monoquh nl tknah morrhmtldhfth. Cly uf hehdpno.

trlilelr ahsmlfslr proth`hr rhsonvhr vhfkr ahmkakr

vos trlileìs

I. Nhl mlal orlmkýf, mldikh hn profodirh „tõ— por hn profodirh „vos— y vuhnvl l hsmrkikr nlorlmkýf, modo hf hn hehdpno. Mukah ah hdpnhlr nl jordl morrhmtl ahn vhrio.

7. Qõ akiuels duy ikhf.


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@noslrko

Yhsudhf

Modktkvl5 `rupo ah `hfth quh lmodplül l ln`ukhf.

Jlrao5 iunto `rlfah ah dhrmlfmäl plrl nnhvlr ah uf nu`lr l otro quh sh muirh ah thnl juhrth plrl quh

fo sh dlntrlth.Nu`lrhüo5 flturln y cliktlfth ah uf nu`lr phquhüo.

Hsmrkil ufl orlmkýf mof mlal plnlirl ahn `noslrko. Jäehsh hf nos hehdpnos.


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Lmtkvkala


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kfthrrudpkr Hs uf vhrio rhùnlr.

A. Nhl ahthfkaldhfth hn akìnoò. Nuhò, hsmrkil hn kfjkfktkvo ah mlal vhrio rhslntlao y lfoth l nlahrhmcl sk hs uf vhrio rhùnlr o krrhùnlr. Yhmuhrah lpnkmlr nos plsos quh lprhfaký. @uähsh por hnhehdpno.

‑ Iuhfos aäls. ¿No kfthrrudpo?

‑ Fo sh prhomuph. ¿\uë sh nh ojrhmh?

‑ Wor jlvor, ¿dh puhah kfjordlr l quë corl hs nl rhufkýf?

‑ Nl rhufkýf hstì pro`rldlal plrl nls skhth ah nl tlrah.

‑ Nh l`rlahzmo nl kfjordlmkýf.

7.


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@. Nhl mlal orlmkýf, mldikh hn profodirh „vos— por hn profodirh „tõ— y vuhnvl l hsmrkikr nl orlmkýf,modo hf hn hehdpno. Wromurh hdpnhlr nl jordl morrhmtl ahn vhrio.

7. Mruzì hf nl hsqukfl.


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Yhmuhrah ln`õf vkleh quh clyl rhlnkzlao y hsmrkil uf thxto hf hn quh flrrh sushxphrkhfmkls. Muhfth no quh vko, nls phrsofls mof nls quh sh hfmoftrý, nls mof-vhrslmkofhs, nos sumhsos, htm.

Nh aldos ln`ufls plutls plrl su trlileo.

• Hsmrkil trhs pìrrljos mof ln dhfos trhs orlmkofhs mlal ufo.

• Xtknkmh plnlirls quh hxprhshf sumhskýf thdporln5 lfths, ahspuës,ln jkfln, coy, dlülfl… y hdpnhh hn tkhdpo ah nos vhrios sh`õf nlshmuhfmkl ahn rhnlto5 plslao, prhshfth o juturo.

• Mukah nl rhalmmkýf y nl orto`rljäl. ]k aual ah modo sh hsmrkih ln`uflplnlirl, utknkmh su akmmkoflrko.

Yhvksh su rhalmmkýf mof nl nkstl ah motheo.



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no`rlao

D k h f t r l s

h s t u a k l i l

. . . Kahftkjkquë plnlirls y hxprhskofhs quh kfakmlf sumhskýf thdporln

hf uf thxto.

Yhjnhxkofë soirh hn vlnor ahn rhsphto quh sh duhstrl hf nls fordlsah morthsäl.

A h s p u ë s a h

h s t u a k l r . . .

Kahftkjkmo y akstkfò nos vhrios rhùnlrhs h krrhùnlrhs.

Mofeuò morrhmtldhfth nos vhrios krrhùnlrhs.

Hdpnho lahmulaldhfth nos vhrios mof hn profodirh „vos—.

Yhalmto morrhmtldhfth nl flrrlmkýf ah uf vkleh.




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Hn lavhriko

9=

3<Modufkmlmkýf y Nhf`uleh ∙ ]hdlfl 9=


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Nos no`ros quh mofsh`ukrì hstl shdlflsof5 Kahftkjkmlr nl hstrumturl ah uf thxto5 kftroaummkýf,

ahslrronno y mofmnuskýf.

Zlnorlr nos nu`lrhs quh sk`fkjkmlf ln`o kdportlfth hf

su vkal. Yhmofomhr lavhrikos ah nu`lr, tkhdpo, doao y mlftkala.

Kahftkjkmlr nls plnlirls l nls quh doakjkml hn lavhriko5vhrio, laehtkvo o lavhriko.

Hdpnhlr morrhmtldhfth lavhrikos hf orlmkofhs.

Dheorlr nl mlnk`rljäl ah nls nhtrls N ” n, I ” i.

Yhalmtlr uf thxto soirh uf nu`lr kdportlfth hf suvkal.


Nl lvhfturl ah nhhr

• Hn lavhriko• Lavhrikos ah nu`lr, tkhdpo,

doao y mlftkala

• Nhtrls5 N ” n, I ” i

• Hn nu`lr dìs iofkto ahn dufao

(Jrl`dhfto lalptlao)

Lff Mldhrof





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Nos nu`lrhs kdportlfths ah fuhstrl vkal

Hf nl vkal ah mlal phrsofl cly nu`lrhs mof uf sk`fkmlao hsphmkln5 hn nu`lr

aofah flmkdos, aofah mrhmkdos, aofah rhlnkzldos fuhstro prkdhr trlileo,aofah plsldos ufls vlmlmkofhs o aofah mofomkdos l fuhstro modplühro omodplührl ah vkal.

Yhnlmkofldos nos lmofthmkdkhftos kdportlfths ah fuhstrl vkal mof nu`lrhsquh proaumhf hf fosotros ufl hdomkýf hsphmkln mulfao vonvhdos l hnnos.Fos rhmuhralf lquhnno quh vkvkdos ufl vhz y l nls phrsofls mof nls quh nomodplrtkdos.

Cl`l ufl nkstl mof nos nu`lrhs quh sk`fkmlf lnò kdportlfth hf su vkaly hsmrkil por quë hs lsä. Wor hehdpno, Eulf, hn protlòfkstl ah nl nhmturl

ah coy, poaräl hsmrkikr5

]lf Wlino hstì hf ]ononì l nl orknnl ahn nlò ah Ltktnìf. Yhlnkmh ufl phquh-ül kfvhstk`lmkýf mof sus modplührls y modplühros ah ̀ rupo soirh hsthdufkmkpko. Jordhf trhs `rupos y rhspofalf l hstls prhùftls.

@rupo


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Nls plnlirlskfvlrklinhs fomldiklf ah `ëfhroy fõdhro. ]ofkfvlrklinhs noslavhrikos, nlsprhposkmkofhs, nlsmofeufmkofhs y nlskfthrehmmkofhs.


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Hehrmkmko <]uirlyh hn lavhriko ah mlal orlmkýf. Nuh`o, mnlskjäquhno hf nl tlinl ah lileo. Jäehsh hf hn hehdpno.

7. Monoml lrrkil nls dlnhtls.


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Hehrmkmko =

Nl plnlirl rhslntlal hf mlal orlmkýf hs uf lavhriko. ]uirlyh nl plnlirl l nl quh doakml yshüìnhnl mof ufl hmcl. Jäehsh hf hn hehdpno.

7. NNh`uë lfths quh Mldknl.


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N N N n n n I I I i i i

N N N n n n I I I i i i

Nuks Ilrknnls nlirlaor

Nuks Ilrknnls nlirlaor

Nonl hstuakl ilmcknnhrlto.Nonl hstuakl ilmcknnhrlto.

3;Modufkmlmkýf y Nhf`uleh ∙ ]hdlfl 9=



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Mëspha5 `rldl, ckhril ilel y hsphsl.

Hsmlrplao5 thrrhfo lnto, lmmkahftlao y akjämkn ah ltrlvhslr.

Hsmrkil ufl orlmkýf mof nls plnlirls ahn `noslrko. Qkhfh uf hehdpno.


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Lmtkvkala


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Lmtkvkala 9. Wkhfsh y lpnkquh no quh lprhfaký.L. Nhl mlal orlmkýf. Nuh`o, mldikh hn lavhriko rhslntlao por otro lavhriko quh sk`fkjkquh no mof-

trlrko y hsmrkil nl orlmkýf. @uähsh por hn hehdpno.

7. Nl ilfml hstì ahftro ah nl mlsl.


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aual ljrdlmkýf fh`lmkýf

qukzìs

Lmtkvkala =. Ahslrronnh fuhvls cliknkalahs.L. ¡Wrlmtkquh dìs! L moftkfulmkýf nh prhshftldos otrls mnlshs ah lavhrikos. Nëlnos mof lthfmkýf y

ahspuës rhlnkmh hn hehrmkmko quh skùh.

]uirlyh hn lavhriko ah mlal orlmkýf. Nuhò, mnlskjäquhno hf nl tlinl ah lileo. Jäehsh hf hn hehdpno.

• \ukzìs vkleh l ]lylxmcë.

• Krhfh eldìs jlntl l nl orkhftlmkýf.

• Yljlhn fo cl nnldlao.

• ]ä, qukhro plrtkmkplr hf nl dlrltýf.

• Lndl tldikëf hsmrkikrì su opkfkýf soirh nl nhmturl.

• Qln vhz nnuhvl hstì tlrah.

ah aual5 lmlso, qukzì o qukzìs, tln vhz...

Qln vhz vhf`lf l vksktlrfos por Flvkala.

ah ljrdlmkýf5 sä, tldikëf, vhralahrldhfth, mkhrtldhfth...

Dks ckeos tldikëf vkvhf hf Ylikfln.

ah fh`lmkýf5 fo, fufml, eldìs, tldpomo...

Fo mofozmo nl mostl.

Otros lavhrikos

Zhrios modo5 hdphzlr ,modhfzlr,… sh

hdpnhlf hf nlkftroaummkýf ah ufrhnlto.

Zhrios modo5mofmnukr , flnkzlr ,thrdkflr,… shhdpnhlf hf nlmofmnuskýf.

I. Yhalmth uf thxto soirh uf nu`lr quh sk`fkjkquh lnò kdportlfth hf suvkal. Hsmrkil trhs pìrrljos, ufo plrl mlal plrth ah su hsmrkto5 kftroaum-mkýf, ahslrronno y mofmnuskýf. Yhlnkmh hn hehrmkmko hf su mulahrfo. Hdpnhhplnlirls y hxprhskofhs quh kfakquhf uf orahf hf su rhnlto5

• Kftroaummkýf5 prkdhro, plrl hdphzlr…

• Ahslrronno5 ahspuës, nuhò…

• Mofmnuskýf5 jkflndhfth, plrl thrdkflr…

Hxprhsh sus kahls mof mnlrkala. Mukah nl orto`rljäl y nl mlnk`rljäl.

;=Modufkmlmkýf y Nhfùleh ∙ ]hdlfl 9=


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no`rlao

D k h f t r l s

h s t u a k l i l

. . . Kahftkjkquë nl hstrumturl ah uf thxto5 kftroaummkýf, ahslrronno y

mofmnuskýf.

Hxprhsë hn vlnor quh tkhfhf nos nu`lrhs quh sk`fkjkmlf ln`okdportlfth hf dk vkal.

A h s p u ë s a h h s t u -

a k l r . . .

Yhmofozmo lavhrikos ah nu`lr, tkhdpo, doao y mlftkala, y noshdpnho morrhmtldhfth hf nls orlmkofhs quh hsmrkio.

Kahftkjkmo nls plnlirls l nls quh doakjkml hn lavhriko5 vhrio, laehtkvoo lavhriko.


Yhalmto uf thxto mof morrhmmkýf soirh uf nu`lr kdportlfth hf dkvkal.


;1K@HY ∙ \ukrk`uì


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Nls prhposkmkofhs

91

;8Modufkmlmkýf y Nhf`uleh ∙ ]hdlfl 91


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Nos no`ros quh mofshùkrì hstl shdlflsof5 Clmhr prhakmmkofhs soirh nl nhmturl lpoyìfaosh hf

hn tätuno y nls knustrlmkofhs.

Hxprhslr aos lmmkofhs mofmrhtls quh nh lmhrquhf l

otrls munturls ah @ulthdlnl. Kahftkjkmlr nls prhposkmkofhs hf thxtos.

Hdpnhlr morrhmtldhfth nls prhposkmkofhs hf orlmkofhs.

Yhalmtlr uf thxto soirh nl mhnhirlmkýf ahn < ahfovkhdirh hf su modufkala.


Nl lvhfturl ah nhhr

• Otros usos ah nls prhposkmkofhs

• Modo ufl pkfturl fos krhdos

iorrlfao

(Jrl`dhfto)

Fhzlculnmýyotn


Hn dufao ahn nhfùleh • Nls prhposkmkofhs

;:K@HY ∙ \ukrkùì


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Otros puhinos, otros phfsldkhftos

Hn ; ah l`osto ah mlal lüo sh mhnhirl hn Aäl Kfthrflmkofln ah nos Wuhinos

Kfaä`hfls.

Hn dufao sh modpofh ah akvhrsls munturls y akjhrhfths htfkls, mlal ufl tkhfhsu propko doao ah vhr nl vkal y ah rhsonvhr nos mofkmtos motkaklfos. Hn rhyFhzlculnmýyotn, lutor ah nl nhmturl ah hstl shdlfl, sh prhomupý ah jodhftlrnl munturl ah su puhino y `rlmkls l ën sh cl mofshrvlao hn phfsldkhfto lzthmlclstl coy. ¿Fo nh plrhmh quh mofomhr otrls munturls y modufkmlrfos mof otrospuhinos fos hfrkquhmh modo phrsofls?

Wkhfsh hf aos lmmkofhs mofmrhtls quh fos lmhrquhf l nos puhinos kfaä-`hfls. Nh aldos uf hehdpno.

7.


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Hehrmkmko <Dhdorkmh nls prhposkmkofhs mof hsth hehrmkmko. Modpnhth mlal orlmkýf mof ufl prhposkmkýf. Hsmrä-ilnls hf orahf lnjliëtkmo. Jäehsh hf hn hehdpno.

7. Krë nl k`nhskl.


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Hehrmkmko =

Nhl hn thxto, suirlyh nls prhposkmkofhs quh hfmuhftrh y mýpkhnls hf nls näfhls ah lileo. Qkhfh ufhehdpno.

7.


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Otros usos ah nls prhposkmkofhsHn iuhf uso ah nls prhposkmkofhs fos lyual l hxprhslrfos mof mnlrkala. Mof nl prìmtkml lprhfahrhdosl mofomhr nos akstkftos sk`fkmlaos y hn uso morrhmto ahftro ah jrlshs y orlmkofhs. Hstuakhdos ln`ufosmlsos.

• Hf5 L vhmhs sh hdpnhl nl prhposkmkýf „hf— hf nls jrlshs modo „hf nl dlülfl o hf nl tlrah— mulfaono morrhmto hs hdpnhlr „por—.

Yhmuhrah quh fufml sh hdpnhl „hf— plrl kfakmlr akrhmmkýf5 „Zoy l nnh`lr hf Qlmtkm— . „Krë hf Moiìf—.

• Hftrh5 Hs uf hrror jrhmuhfth utknkzlr „hftrh dìs— hf nu`lr ah nl hxprhskýf „mulfto dìs— o „mulftlsdìs—.

• Wlrl5 Mulfao ahmkdos5 „elrlih plrl nl tos—, hstldos utknkzlfao dln hn sk`fkjkmlao ah jkflnkala ahnl prhposkmkýf „plrl—. No quh hf rhlnkala quhrhdos ahmkr hs quh hn elrlih hs moftrlrko l nl tos,por no tlfto, no morrhmto hs5 „ Elrlih moftrl nl tos—.

Hehrmkmko 8

Modpnhth mlal orlmkýf mof nl plnlirl morrhmtl. Qkhfh uf hehdpno.

7. Dh lpnkquë ufls `otls nl skfusktks.


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@noslrko

Yhsudhf

Moftrlmmkýf5 hf `rldìtkml sk`fkml nl ufkýf ah aos plnlirls plrl jordlr ufl sonl.

Ahsmorporkzlao5 skf muhrpo, duhrto.

Wrojhmäl5 prhakmmkýf o lakvkflmkýf ah uf lmofthmkdkhfto por kfspkrlmkýf akvkfl.

OFX5 Or`lfkzlmkýf ah nls Flmkofhs Xfkals.

Hsmrkil ufl orlmkýf mof hstl plnlirl ahn `noslrko. Jäehsh hf hn hehdpno. Wrojhmäl5 Hf nl Ikinkl, hn nkiro ah Hzhqukhn hstì nnhfo ah projhmäls.

Nl prhposkmkýf hs ufl plnlirl kfvlrklinh quh tkhfh nl jufmkýf ah ufkr plnlirls o `rupos ahplnlirls.

ropleh ah pnudls Dkrë clmkl nl vhftlfl.

Nls prhposkmkofhs dìs modufhs sof5 l, lfth, ileo, mof, moftrl, ah, ahsah, hf, hftrh, clmkl,

clstl, plrl, por, sh`õf, skf, soirh, trls.

Mulfao nls prhposkmkofhs „l— y „ah— vlf ahnlfth ahn lrtämuno „hn— sh jordlf nls moftrlmmkofhs5 „ln—y „ahn—.

Krhdos ln nl`o. nls nnlvhs ahn portýf

]k`fkmlao ah ln`ufls prhposkmkofhs5

sustlftkvosustlftkvo lrtämuno + sustlftkvovhrio

• l5 akrhmmkýf o tkhdpoZoy l nl plflahräl.Yh`rhslrë l nls skhth.

• lfth5 ahnlfth ah o hf prhshfmkl ah Cliný lfth sus modplühros.• ileo5 ahileo ah Hstì ileo hn flrlfeo.

• mof5 modplüäl Zklel mof su jldknkl.

• ah5 ork`hf o promhahfmkl Hnnl hs ah Wlfldì.

• hf5 nu`lr Dk liuhnl flmký hf Fhftýf.

• soirh5 hfmkdl ah Qh aheë hn jýnahr soirh nl dhsl.


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Lmtkvkala


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M. Modpnhth mlal orlmkýf mof nl prhposkmkýf lahmulal. Hsmrkil l, mof, ah, hf, plrl o soirh, sh`õfmorrhspofal. Qkhfh uf hehdpno.

7. Zkvo dks plarhs.


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L. Hsmrkil ufl orlmkýf hf nl quh hdpnhh nl prhposkmkýf quh sh kfakml hf mlal fudhrln. @uähsh porhn hehdpno.

7. mof


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no`rlao

D k h f t r l s

h s t u a k l i l . . . Ckmh prhakmmkofhs soirh nl nhmturl lpoyìfaodh hf hn tätuno y nls

knustrlmkofhs.

Hxprhsë aos lmmkofhs mofmrhtls quh dh lmhrmlf l otrls munturls ah@ulthdlnl.

A h s p u ë s a h h s t u -

a k l r . . .

Kahftkjkmo nls prhposkmkofhs y nls hdpnho morrhmtldhfth hforlmkofhs.

Kahftkjkmo nls plnlirls l nls quh doakjkml hn lavhriko5 vhrio, laehtkvoo lavhriko.

Yhalmto uf thxto soirh nl mhnhirlmkýf ahn < ah fovkhdirh hf dk

modufkala.



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Nls mofeufmkofhs ynls kfthrehmmkofhs

9:


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Nos no`ros quh mofshùkrì hstl shdlflsof5 Kahftkjkmlr nl kahl prkfmkpln clmkëfaosh prhùftls.

Wrlmtkmlr nos vlnorhs ahn rhsphto, nl ldliknkala y nlmorrhmmkýf hf hn dhfsleh plrl uf morrho hnhmtrýfkmo.

Kahftkjkmlr nls mofeufmkofhs mopunltkvls, aksyuftkvls ylavhrsltkvls.

Xtknkzlr morrhmtldhfth nls mofeufmkofhs mopunltkvls,aksyuftkvls y lavhrsltkvls.

Kahftkjkmlr nls kfthrehmmkofhs y su uso.

Wrofufmklr morrhmtldhfth nl nhtrl „a— ln jkfln ah nlsplnlirls.

Hsmrkikr uf morrho hnhmtrýfkmo y hfvklrno morrhmtl-

dhfth ln K@HY.


Nl lvhfturl ah nhhr • Hn morrho hnhmtrýfkmo

Hxprëshsh mof mnlrkala • Nhtrl „a— ln jkfln ah nls plnlirls

• Nls mofeufmkofhs

• Nls kfthrehmmkofhsHn dufao ahn nhfùleh


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Nl modufkmlmkýf mnlrl y rhsphtuosl

Hn rhsphto, nl morrhmmkýf y nl ldliknkala ln akrk`krfos l otrl phrsofl jlmknktl nl

mofvkvhfmkl. Ln hsmrkikr uf morrho hnhmtrýfkmo tldikëf ahihdos prlmtkmlr hstosvlnorhs. Nhl ln`ufos mofsheos plrl hsmrkikr mof morrhmmkýf.


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Hehrmkmko 9Modpnhth mlal orlmkýf mof nl mofeufmkýf lahmulal. Hsmräilnl soirh nl näfhl. Qkhfh uf hehdpno.

7. Fo së sk hsmo`hr hn suëthr vhrah hn lzun.


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Hehrmkmko =

Nhl mlal orlmkýf y suirlyh nl kfthrehmmkýf quh hfmuhftrh. Nuh`o, hsmrkil soirh nl näfhl hn hstlaoah ìfkdo o nl hdomkýf quh hxprhsl. Hn hehrmkmko 7 hs uf hehdpno.

7. ¡Conl! Dh al `usto vhrth.


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Nl „a— ln jkfln ah nls plnlirlsNhl hf voz lntl nls plnlirls ahn rhmularo. Wromurh profufmklr morrhmtldhfthtoals nls sänlils.

Qoals hstls plnlirls thrdkflals hf „a—, jordlf su pnurln hf „ahs—5

¿]h cl alao muhftl quh l vhmhs fo profufmkldos ikhf nl „a— fln ah nlsplnlirls?


Hehrmkmko 1

Hsmrkil hn pnurln ah mlal plnlirl. Cly uf hehdpno.

7. ufkala


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@noslrko

Yhsudhf

Lrmckvos ah kdl`hf y sofkao5 moftkhfhf joto`rljäls, knustrlmkofhs y vkahos hf jordl ak`ktln, hs ahmkr,fo hstìf hf hn plphn o hf ufl mkftl, skfo hf nl dhdorkl ah nl modputlaorl.

Iuzýf5 ahpýskto hf hn quh sh lndlmhflf nos dhfslehs trlfsdktkaos por morrho hnhmtrýfkmo.Xsulrko5 hf nl nhmturl sh rhhrh l nl phrsofl quh utknkzl hn shrvkmko ah Kfthrfht.

Hsmrkil ufl orlmkýf mof hstls plnlirls ahn `noslrko. Nh lyualdos mof nos hehdpnos.


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Lmtkvkala


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A. ]uirlyh mlal kfthrehmmkýf quh hfmuhftrh hf hn akìno`o. Nh lyualdos mof uf hehdpno.

‑ ¡Iuhfos aäls! ¿Qkhfh plplyls?

‑ ¡Mýdo fo! [ ah nls dheorhs.

‑ ¡Wõmckml! ]ä sof `rlfahs. ¿Muìfto muhstlf?

‑ ]khth quhtzlnhs.

‑ ¡Cuy! ]of duy mlrls.

‑ ¡Ilc! ]h nls aheo hf shks.

‑ ¡Iuhfo, puhs! Lquä tkhfh. ¡Lakýs!

Lmtkvkala 9. Wkhfsh y lpnkquh no quh lprhfaký.L. Hnkel nl mofeufmkýf lahmulal ahn rhmularo plrl modpnhtlr mlal orlmkýf. Qkhfh uf hehdpno.

7. Ihrtl Krdl hstuaklf modputlmkýf.


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L. Euhùh l „plrhmkaos y moftrlrkos— mof hsth hehrmkmko. Nhl mof lthfmkýf mlal orlmkýf y jäehsh skhxprhsl ufl kahl plrhmkal o ufl kahl moftrlrkl. Nuhò, hnkel y rhnnhfh nl opmkýf quh modpnhtlmlal orlmkýf morrhmtldhfth. @uähsh por hn hehdpno.

I. Fos ùstlräl rhmkikr uf morrho suyo. Hsmrkil su fodirh, hn fõdhro ah su märmuno ah hstuako.Wuhah lülakr otros ahtlnnhs modo hn fodirh ah su dlhstrl o dlhstro y uf modhftlrko soirh susmodplühros y modplührls. Hfvähno l nl akrhmmkýf hnhmtrýfkml ahn K@HY5 k`hrGk`hr.hau.`t

Yhmuhrah mukalr su rhalmmkýf y su orto`rljäl.

Yhplsh nl shmmkýf ah „Nl lvhfturl ah nhhr— y vlnorhs ah hstl shdlfl y hsmrkil hf hn jordlto ah

lileo hn thxto quh hfvklrì por morrho hnhmtrýfkmo. Fo onvkah l`rh`lr toaos nos altos.

nuz

mnlrkala

inlfmurl

7. ]k jlmknkala hs no moftrlrko ah akjkmuntla , hftofmhsosmurkala hs no moftrlrko ah…


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no`rlao

D k h f t r l s

h s t u a k l i l . . .

Kahftkjkquë nl kahl prkfmkpln clmkhfao prh`uftls ln thxto.

A h s p u

ë s a h h s t u a k l r . . .

Kahftkjkmo nls mofeufmkofhs mopunltkvls, aksyuftkvls y lavhrsltkvls ynls utknkzo morrhmtldhfth.

Kahftkjkmo nls kfthrehmmkofhs y su uso.

Wrofufmko morrhmtldhfth nl nhtrl „a— ln jkfln ah nls plnlirls.

Hsmrkio y hfväo morrhmtldhfth uf morrho hnhmtrýfkmo ln K@HY.



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Nl orlmkýf

90


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Nos no`ros quh mofsh`ukrì hstl shdlflsof5 Kahftkjkmlr nl rhnlmkýf ah mlusl y hjhmto hf uf thxto.

Kahftkjkmlr lmmkofhs mofmrhtls plrl prodovhr nos ahrh-mcos ah nl euvhftua.

Akstkf`ukr nl akjhrhfmkl hftrh orlmkýf ikdhdirh yufkdhdirh.

Mofomhr nls mnlshs ah orlmkofhs ufkdhdirhs.

Wrlmtkmlr nl mlnk`rljäl mof uf jrl`dhfto nkthrlrko.

Yhalmtlr uf modhftlrko soirh ufl fotkmkl puinkmlal hfhn phrkýakmo.


Nl lvhfturl ah nhhr

• Nl orlmkýf ikdhdirh y ufkdhdirh

• Hsmrkturl ah uf jrl`dhfto nkthrlrko

• Hn Aäl ah nl Euvhftua

]hmrhtlrko @hfhrln ah nls Flmkofhs Xfkals




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Hf nl nhmturl poahdos kahftkjkmlr rhnlmkofhs ah mlusl y hjhmto. Wor hehdpno, ufkrsh plrl

prodovhr hn kfthrës por nos eývhfhs. Mlusl5 ufkrsh Hjhmto5 prodomkýf ah nl euvhftua

Iusquh otrls rhnlmkofhs ah mlusl y hjhmto hf nl nhmturl ah hstl shdlfl y modpnhth hn mularoah lileo. Jäehsh hf hn hehdpno.


Ahspuës ah nhhr lthftldhfth hn thxto, rhnnhfh hn mularo quh modpnhtl nl jrlsh.

M. ]u phfsldkhfto. Fkvhn mrätkmo

Nhl nls plnlirls ahn rhmularo y hsmoel ufl o vlrkls plrl hxprhslr su opkfkýf, hf uf pìrrljo

ah trhs näfhls, soirh nl euvhftua ah @ulthdlnl.kf`hfkosl kahlnkstl lnh`rhrhsphtuosl modprodhtkal rhlnkstl

mlusl hjhmto

7. ]k nls ufkvhrskalahs or`lfkzlflmtkvkalahs…

puhahf prodovhr hn kfthrës soirh thdls ahnl euvhftua.


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Nl voz ah nos eývhfhs

]k quhrhdos quh fos hsmumchf y fos todhf hf muhftl thfhdos quh iusmlr hn

doao ah modufkmlr fuhstros phfsldkhftos y fuhstrls propuhstls ah lmmkýf.Qodhdos hn mofsheo ahn ]hmrhtlrko ah nls Flmkofhs Xfkals ah ufkrfos, or`lfk-zlrfos y lmtulr mof hn f ah hxprhslr fuhstrls kfqukhtuahs modo eývhfhs.

Õflsh l sus modplühros ahn märmuno ah hstuako, or`lfämhfsh hf `ruposah trlileo y lmtõhf. Hsmrkilf uf pìrrljo soirh nos ahrhmcos ah nos eývh-fhs, lüìalfnh akiueos, joto`rljäls, mktls, htm. y hfvähfno l ln`õf dhako ahmodufkmlmkýf nomln. Wuhahf phakr uf hsplmko hf ufl rlako nomln, sonkmktlrsu puinkmlmkýf hf ln`ufl rhvkstl, jonnhto dufkmkpln, htm.

Hfvähf su trlileo por morrho hnhmtrýfkmo l nl akrhmmkýf ahn K@HY o dìf-

ahfno l nl omkfl mhftrln l trlvës ah su orkhftlaorl u orkhftlaor vonuf-tlrko. ¡Wuinkmlrhdos sus trlileos hf nos dhakos ah akjuskýf ahn K@HY!

Hsmrkil hf nls näfhls sus kahls plrl modplrtkr mof sus modplühros.

Nl Or`lfkzlmkýf ah nls Flmkofhs Xfkals

Nl Or`lfkzlmkýf ah nls Flmkofhs Xfkals (OFX) hs ufl or`lfkzlmkýf kfthrflmko-fln quh kfth`rl l


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Hehrmkmko 9]hplrh mlal orlmkýf hf suehto y prhakmlao. Jäehsh hf hn hehdpno.

7. Nos eývhfhs or`lfkzlrof ufl dlrmcl por nl plz.


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Hehrmkmko =

Nhl hn pìrrljo, suirlyh nls orlmkofhs ufkdhdirhs y hsmräilnls hf nl monudfl quh morrhspofal.]k`l hn hehdpno.

Hehrmkmko 1

Hsmrkil aos orlmkofhs ufkdhdirhs.


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¿Nh `ustlräl lprhfahr ah dhdorkl sus nhmturls jlvorktls? Xfl dlfhrl ah clmhrno hs mopklfao vlrklsvhmhs hn thxto. Wor hso, l plrtkr ah hstl shdlfl, hf hstl shmmkýf, hfmoftrlrì thxtos plrl quh l nl vhzquh dheorl su mlnk`rljäl, puhal dhdorkzlr ln`ufos jrl`dhftos nkthrlrkos. ]k no ahshl, sk`l prlmtkmlfaohf uf mulahrfo ah aoinh näfhl. Kfkmkldos mof uf thxto ah Wlino Fhrual.

\ukhro quh nl `rlf dlyoräl puhal clinlr,

nhhr, hsmumclr, jnorhmhr.


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Nl orlmkýf hs nl hxprhskýf orln o hsmrktl dìs phquhül mof shftkao modpnhto. Kfkmkl mof dlyõsmunly flnkzl mof pufto.

• Orlmkofhs ikdhdirhs5 sh modpofhf ah aos plrths5 suehto y prhakmlao.

Hn suehto hs qukhf rhlnkzl nl lmmkýf.

Hn prhakmlao nl lmmkýf quh rhlnkzl hn suehto.

Nl euvhftua rhprhshftl hn mldiko ahn dlülfl.

Hf nls orlmkofhs ikdhdirhs l vhmhs fo lplrhmh hn suehto hsmrkto, phro slihdos qukëfrhlnkzl nl lmmkýf porquh no hxprhsl hn vhrio. ]h nnldl suehto tìmkto u odktkao.

Hsmrkikhrof ufl nhyhfal.

• Orlmkofhs ufkdhdirhs5 sof nls quh jordlf uf sono inoquh y fo sh puhahf akvkakr hfsuehto y prhakmlao, phro tkhfhf shftkao modpnhto.

Mnlshs ah orlmkofhs ufkdhdirhs5

Nls kfthrehmmkofhs5 plnlirls o `rupos ah plnlirls quh hxprhslf uf hstlao ah ìfkdoo ufl hdomkýf y tkhfhf shftkao modpnhto.

¡Lakýs! ¡Wor jkf!

Nls orlmkofhs quh sh rhjkhrhf l jhfýdhfos flturlnhs5 hstls orlmkofhs sof ufkdhd-irhs porquh nos vhrios sof kdphrsoflnhs, fo sh puhahf mofeu`lr.

Nnovhrì duy profto.

suehto odktkao5 hnnos

] W

@noslrko

Yhsudhf

Lnhftlr5 lfkdlr, kfjufakr lnkhfto o hsjuhrzo.

Hdinhdl5 sädiono o `url quh rhprhshftl l ufl kfstktumkýf.

Wrodovhr5 kfkmklr o kdpunslr ufl lmmkýf o promhso, promurlfao quh sh rhlnkmh.

Hsmrkil ufl orlmkýf mof mlal plnlirl ahn `noslrko. Nh lyualdos mof nos hehdpnos.


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Lmtkvkala


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I. Hsmrkil aos orlmkofhs ikdhdirhs y aos orlmkofhs ufkdhdirhs. Nh lyualdos mof nos hehdpnos.

Orlmkofhs ikdhdirhs

7.


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no`rlao

D k h f t r l s

h s t u a k l i l . . .

Kahftkjkquë nl rhnlmkýf ah mlusl y hjhmto hf uf thxto.

Hxprhsë lmmkofhs mofmrhtls plrl prodovhr nos ahrhmcos ah nl euvhftua.

A h

s p u ë s a h h s t u a k l r . . .

Akstkf`o nl akjhrhfmkl hftrh orlmkýf ikdhdirh y ufkdhdirh.


Yhalmto uf modhftlrko soirh ufl fotkmkl puinkmlal hf hn

phrkýakmo.



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Nl hstrumturl ah nlorlmkýf5

suehto y prhakmlao

93


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Nos no`ros quh mofsh`ukrì hstl shdlflsof5 Kahftkjkmlr nl rhnlmkýf ah mlusl y hjhmto quh sh prh-

shftl hf uf thxto.

Yhjnhxkoflr soirh dhakals ah prhvhfmkýf ah hfjhr-dhalahs.

Kahftkjkmlr hn suehto y hn prhakmlao hf nl orlmkýf.

Yhmofomhr hn fõmnho ahn suehto y ahn prhakmlao.

Xtknkzlr lahmulaldhfth „clyl— y „clylf— hf hn nhf-`uleh mofvhrslmkofln.

Hnliorlr uf mlrthn soirh nls dhakals ah prhvhfmkýfah hfjhrdhalahs.



Nl lvhfturl ah nhhr

• Xso morrhmto ah „clyl— y „clylf—

• Hn suehto y hn prhakmlao

• Hn mukalao ah nl slnua

(Qhxto lalptlao)



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Iusquh hn hjhmto ah mlal mlusl quh sh prhshftl hf nl tlinl y hsmräilno. Qkhfh uf hehdpno.

• ljhmtlf nl slnua jäskml y psäqukml

• hfshül l prhvhfkr hfjhrdhalahs

• puhah provomlr vlrkls hfjhrdhalahs

• dlftkhfhf hn or`lfksdo rhsksthfth l hfjhrdhalahs


Yhnnhfh hn mularo sono ah nls orlmkofhs quh kfakquhf cìiktos rhspofslinhs soirh nl slnua.Cly uf hehdpno.

Ilülrsh toaos nos aäls.

Modhr hf hxmhso. Dlfthfhr lkrhlaos nos aordktorkos.

Zlmuflr l nos dhforhs.

Qodlr dhakmkfls skf mofsuntlr ln aomtor.

Mldkflr y clmhr hehrmkmko jäskmo.

Mofsudkr aro`ls.


Hsmrkil uf pìrrljo ah multro näfhls hf hn quh hxpnkquh nl rhspofsliknkala quh mlal phrsofltkhfh ah dlfthfhr su slnua y hvktlr hfjhrdhalahs. Orkëfthsh mof nls kahls ah nl nhmturl.

mlusl hjhmto

7. Nl jlntl ah ck`khfh puhah provomlr vlrkls hfjhrdhalahs.


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Wrhvhfkr hs dheor quh murlr

¿]odos mofsmkhfths ah quh fuhstrl slnua ahphfah hf `rlf dhakal ah foso-

tros dksdos? Fo cly quh hsphrlr l hfjhrdlrsh plrl mukalr fuhstro muhrpo,hs dheor prhvhfkr nls hfjhrdhalahs todlfao nls dhakals lahmulals. Lsä foshvktlrhdos donhstkls y lcorrlrhdos akfhro.

Nl nhmturl ah hstl shdlfl trltl soirh ahn mukalao quh ahihdos thfhr moffuhstrl slnua. Mlal ufo hs rhspofslinh ah su muhrpo y nl rhspofsliknkala ahtoaos lyual l dlfthfhr uf ldikhfth slnualinh.

Hsmrkil aos lmmkofhs mof nls quh mukal su slnua y nl ah su hftorfo. Nhprhshftldos uf hehdpno.

7.


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Hehrmkmko <

Nhl nl orlmkýf y sk`l nos plsos plrl akstkf`ukr hn suehto y hn prhakmlao.


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Hehrmkmko 8

Modpnhth mlal orlmkýf mof clyl o clylf, sh`õf morrhspofal. Qkhfh uf hehdpno.

7. Hs fuhstro ahsho quh usthahs aksjrutlao mof nl vksktl.


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@noslrko

Yhsudhf

Lakmmkýf5 cìikto ah qukhf sh ahel aodkflr por hn uso ah aro`ls.

Ilnlfmhlal5 hquknkirlal.

Cìikto5 doao hsphmkln ah mofaumkrsh quh mofsksth hf nl rhphtkmkýf ah lmtos k`ulnhs.

Hsmrkil ufl orlmkýf mof hstls plnlirls ahn `noslrko. Qkhfh uf hehdpno.


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Lmtkvkala


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I. Nhl nl orlmkýf ahn rhmularo y modpnhth nl kfjordlmkýf ah nl tlinl ah lileo. Cly uf hehdpno.

M. Kfvhfth nl orlmkýf quh sh kfakml hf mlal fudhrln. Qkhfh uf hehdpno.

7. Orlmkýf mof prhakmlao skdpnh


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no`rlao

D k h f t r l s

h s t u a k l i l . . . Kahftkjkquë nl rhnlmkýf ah mlusl y hjhmto quh sh prhshftl hf uf

thxto.

Yhjnhxkofë soirh nls dhakals ah prhvhfmkýf ah hfjhrdhalahs.

A h s p u ë s a h h s t u a k l r . . .

Kahftkjkmo hn suehto y hn prhakmlao hf nl orlmkýf.

Yhmofozmo hn fõmnho ahn suehto y ahn prhakmlao.

Xtknkzo lahmulaldhfth „clyl— y „clylf— hf hn nhf`uleh

mofvhrslmkofln.

Hnlioro uf mlrthn soirh nls dhakals ah prhvhfmkýf ahhfjhrdhalahs.



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Nos lftýfkdos

9;

Modufkmlmkýf y Nhf`uleh ∙ ]hdlfl 9;


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Nos no`ros quh mofshùkrì hstl shdlflsof5 Kahftkjkmlr hn proinhdl y nl sonumkýf quh sh prhshftl

hf uf thxto.

Yhjnhxkoflr soirh hn vlnor ahn hsjuhrzo por lprhfahr

l nhhr y hsmrkikr. Kahftkjkmlr nos lftýfkdos y uslrnos morrhmtldhfth.

Xslr morrhmtldhfth nls hxprhskofhs „sk fo— y „skfo—.

Yhalmtlr uf modhftlrko soirh nl rhnlmkýf hftrh slnuay lnjlihtkzlmkýf.


• Nos lftýfkdosHn dufao ahn nhfùleh

• „]k fo— hs akstkfto ah „skfo—Dheorh su orto`rljäl

Nl lvhfturl ah nhhr• Hn hsjuhrzo ah Ahsk

(jrl`dhfto lalptlao)

Dkùhn Ahnkihs

K@HY ∙ \ukrkùì


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Ahspuës ah nhhr hn thxto lthftldhfth, modpnhth nl tlinl quh prhshftl proinhdls o sonumko-fhs quh lplrhmhf hf nl nhmturl. Qkhfh uf hehdpno.


Ahauzml hn sk`fkjkmlao ah ln`ufls hxprhskofhs todlals ah nl nhmturl ah hstl shdlfl. Nhlmlal orlmkýf y rhnnhfh hn mularo ah nl opmkýf morrhmtl. Jäehsh hf hn hehdpno.



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Hn hsjuhrzo por lprhfahr l nhhr y hsmrkikr

¿]h cl elao muìfto tkhdpo nh mostý l Ahsk lprhfahr hn lihmhalrko?5 „Fhmhsktý

uf lüo, mkfmo dhshs y skhth aäls plrl aodkflr hn lihmhalrko skf ufl vlmknlmkýf—.Nl protlòfkstl ah nl nhmturl ah coy fos hfshül hn vlnor ahn hsjuhrzo. L phslrahn tkhdpo quh nh nnhvý slihr nls nhtrls y alrsh muhftl ah quh nh jlntlil lnòdìs por lprhfahr, fo sh ahslfkdý y skùký lahnlfth. Woahdos lprhfahr ah hslmofstlfmkl mulfao fos shftkdos ahslfkdlaos ln p

Quiriguá-Com. y Lenguaje 2º Sem

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