Tesis William de grado

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 UNIVERSIDAD DE GUAYAQUIL FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN SISTEMA DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR SEMI-PRESENCIAL. CENTRO UNIVERSITARIO: MATRIZ GUAYAQUIL. PROYECTO EDUCATIVO PREVIO A LA OBTENCIÓN DEL TÍTULO DE LICENCIADAS EN CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN. MENCIÓN:  INFORMÁTICA. TÍTULO DEL PROYECTO “ESTRATEGIAS EDUCATIVAS Y SU INCIDENCIA EN LA PREVENCION DE ENFERMEDADES, DE ESTUDIANTES DE EDUCACION  BASICA”. PROPUESTA : “DISEÑO DE UN CD  INTERACTIVO PARA EL APRENDIZAJE  DE HABITOS DE HIGIENE”. AUTORES  Ros!"o P!"#"$"% S&'()*+ A(* o -"//' As/0' P/("os L/"1"' CONSULTORA  MS(. Ros H*!'&'2*+ Ls('o PROMOCI3N G45"/ 6 E(2o! 789 ; 789<

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UNIVERSIDAD DE GUAYAQUILFACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN

SISTEMA DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR SEMI-PRESENCIAL.

CENTRO UNIVERSITARIO: MATRIZ GUAYAQUIL.

PROYECTO EDUCATIVO

PREVIO A LA OBTENCIÓN DEL TÍTULO DE LICENCIADAS EN

CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN.

MENCIÓN: INFORMÁTICA.

TÍTULO DEL PROYECTO

“ESTRATEGIAS EDUCATIVAS Y SU INCIDENCIA EN LA PREVENCION

DE ENFERMEDADES, DE ESTUDIANTES DE EDUCACION

 BASICA”. PROPUESTA: “DISEÑO DE UN CD INTERACTIVO PARA EL APRENDIZAJE

 DE HABITOS DE HIGIENE”.

AUTORES

  Ros!"o P!"#"$"% S&'()*+ A(*o

-"//' As/0' P/("os L/"1"'

CONSULTORA

  MS(. Ros H*!'&'2*+ Ls('o

PROMOCI3N

G45"/ 6 E(2o! 

789 ; 789<

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INTRODUCIÓN

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CAPÍTULO IEL PROBLEMA

PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA.

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OB=ETIVOS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN

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2* =!*%*'"! *'>*!#*22*s 2* $o2o $"=o, *s=*("/#*'$* =!*%"'"*'2o /

)#'"22 2*s2* /os #&s =*5*?os, *s =o! *so 5* / !*/"+! '

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/ *s(*/ #()s %*(*s so' /s '"(s s*s (o' /s 5* (*'$' =!

=!*=!!s* *' / %"2 (o#o =*!so's.

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*22, )("'2o/*s *'$*'2*! #*2"'$* *s$!$*1"s =*2101"(s 5* *s

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=*!@2"("/*s =! *//os, / *s(*/, /os 2o(*'$*s 4 / (o#'"22 *'

1*'*!/.

CAPÍTULO II

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MARCO TEÓRICO

 

ANTECEDENTES DE ESTUDIO.

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)&"$os 2* )"1"*'* 4 s/2, 4 #&s *s=*(>"(#*'$* /s $!*s =!o=*s$s

=! */ $!@o 2* )&"$os 2* =!*%*'("0' (o!!*($, s* os*!%0 5* *'

/1's o(s"o'*s 'o *"s$* !*/("0' 2"!*($ *'$!* / $!* !*/"+! =o! */

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($"%"22*s 4 /s (!($*!s$"(s 5* 2**!' $*'*! s$s =! 5* /

=!&($"( s* s/2/*.

FUNDAMENTACION TEÓRICA.

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  L =!*%*'("0' *s */ (o'@'$o 2* (("o'*s 5* s* =*2*' !*/"+! (o'

*/ >"' 2* 2"s#"'"! / "'("2*'(" 4o #o!$/"22. C4o o@*$"%o *s /

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5* =*2' 1*'*!! /1' (o#=/"(("0' 1!%*.

LA @IGIENE

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  L )"1"*'* *s */ (o'@'$o 2*

'o!#s 4 =!&($"(s 5* s* *#=/*'

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'o (o'o+(' /os =!*(*=$os, E/ Es$2o =o! "'$*!#*2"o 2*/ M"'"s$*!"o 2*

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  Es / s* 2* / )"1"*'* "'2"%"2/. Es ' >($o! "#=o!$'$* =! /

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∗ F!0$*s* /os 2*2os 4 /os =/1!*s, *'$!*/+&'2o/os 4 #o%"'2os*/os

=!"#*!o *' ' 2"!*(("0' 4 /*1o *' / 2"!*(("0' (o'$!!".

∗ E'@&1*s* /s #'os )s$ 5* s* 5"$* $o2o */ @0'.

∗ S5*s* /s #'os so!"*'2o */ 1 (o' ' $o// /"#=".

∗ S5*s* /s #'os s'2o ' $o// /"#=" o 2*@&'2o/s s*(! /

"!*. S* (o'$#"'' >&("/#*'$* /s $o//s 5* s* (o#=!$*'. P!

*%"$! s! $o//s s("s o (o'$#"'2s, $"/"(* ss =!o="os

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*/ o/s"//o.

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)1'.

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∗  A'$*s 4 2*s=s 2* "! (o#*!.

∗ S"*#=!* 5* s* $o5*' '"#/*s.

∗ D*s=s 2* @1!.

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  Es$ =!$* 2*/ (*!=o, =*s! 2* *s$! =!o$*1"2 =o! #*2"s 4

+=$os, !*5"*!* ' )"1"*'* 2"!" s* 2* 1 4 @0'. So#*$"2os

#o%"#"*'$o 2!'$* 1!' =!$* 2*/ 2, s $!'s="!("0' *s '2'$*. L

>/$ 2* )"1"*'* 2* /os ="*s *s (#=o =!o="("o =! */ 2*s!!o//o 2*

*'>*!#*22*s 2* / ="*/. E'$!* *//s / #"(os"s, >*(("o'*s =!o2("2s =o! 

)o'1os. E' /os (sos *' 5* / $!'s="!("0' 2* /os ="*s *s #4

'2'$*, s* (o's*@ */ so 2*/ $/(o. Ls ?s 2* /os ="*s, (o#o /s

2* /s #'os, s* (o!$' / !s 2*/ =/=*@o.

@i5i%#% E$+!i"# F?2i!

  L ($"%"22 >s"( *s ' */*#*'$o 5* *s$& #4 !*/("o'2o (o' /

s/2, 4 5* *s$& #&s 5* 2*#os$!2o 5* / =!&($"( 2* ($"%"22 >s"(

#*@o! / s/2 2*/ s*! )#'o.

  E' '*s$!s s*s"o'*s 2* E2(("0' Fs"( s(#os 5* '*s$!os

/#'os *s$/*+(' 'os )&"$os 2* )"1"*'* 4 5* s* (o'("*'("*' 2* /

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s =!o=" o/s 2* s*o (o' */ 5* //*%! ' s*o s=*!>"("/.

  D!'$* / =!&($"( 2* ' 2*=o!$* #*'$ */ (o's#o 2* *'*!1 *'

(o's*(*'(", #*'$ $#"' / 2*#'2 2* o1*'o =o! =!$* 2* /s

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/os #s(/os $o!&("(os 2**' $!@! (o' #&s "'$*'s"22 */ #*'$o 2*

/ */s$"("22 2* *s$os #s(/os =*!#"$* ' #4o! #=/"$2 2*/

#o%"#"*'$o !*s="!$o!"o, =o! /o 5* #*'$ / ('$"22 2* "!* 5* *'$!

*' /os =/#o'*s. D* *s$ >o!#, s* *'*>"("' /os =!$os !*s="!$o!"o 4

("!(/$o!"o. E' ('$o / =!$o os$*o6!$!o6#s(/!, */ *@*!("("o >s"(o

#*'$ / >*!+ #s(/! 4 / >/*""/"22 2* /os #s(/os 4 /s

!$"(/("o'*s.

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@i5i%#% %# &! <%2i*%#!

L %*s$"#*'$ !*(!* 4 =!o$*1* / ="*/ 4 !"'2 !"1o / (*!=o

)#'o. E/ (*!=o s* =!o$*1* 2*/ =o/%o $#os>!"(o, 2*/ >!o 4 2*/ (/o!,

(o' 2">*!*'$*s =!*'2s 2* %*s$"!. E'$!* *//s: %*s$"2os, so#!*!os,

+=$os, *$(.

Ess =!*'2s 4 o$!s 5* /s (o#=/*#*'$', 2**' >!"(!s* 4 s!s*

2* (*!2o (o' =!*(*=$os )"1"'"(os, 5* >%o!*(*' / s/2.

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o $!@*s

L !o= "'$*!"o! 2** s*! )o/12 4 (o's$!"2 (o' $*/s =*!#*/*s /

"!*, 5* so!*' / $!'s="!("0'. S* (o's*@' /s 2* /' =! */

"'%"*!'o. Aso!*' >&("/#*'$* 4 s* s*(' (o' /*'$"$2. E' (#"o, /s 2*

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!*(o#*'2/*s /s =!*'2s "'$*!"o!*s (o'>*(("o'2s (o' #$*!"/*s

s"'$$"(os, 5* 'o so!*' */ s2o!.

Los $!@*s o %*s$"2os 2* so *$*!'o 2**' !*s=o'2*! /s s"1"*'$*s

(!($*!s$"(s:

S*! =*!#*/*s / "!* 4 / 1: /os $!@*s =*!#*/*s / "!* 4 / 1,

=*!#"$*' / !*'o%("0' 2*/ "!* 5* ("!(/ *'$!* *//os 4 */ (*!=o.

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 A2*#&s, >%o!*(*' / */"#"'("0' 2*/ %=o! 2* 1, 5* / ="*/ *)/ /

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No @s$! */ (*!=o: 'o 2**' @s$!s* / (*!=o, =! =*!#"$"! s /

("!(/("0' 2*/ "!* 5* 'os )*#os !*>*!"2o. Po! o$! =!$* /os $!@*s

@s$2os, /$*!' / ("!(/("0' =*!">!"( 2* / s'1!*.

E' "'%"*!'o *%"$! / =!2"2 2* (/o!: =! / (o'>*(("0' 2* $!@*s 5*

*%"$*' / =!2"2 2* (/o! *' "'%"*!'o, s* $"*'*' *' (*'$ /os $*@"2os 5*

s* $"/"+', */ 1!oso! 2* /s $*/s 4 */ (o/o!. Po! *so, *' */ "'%"*!'o, so'

1!*sos =o!5* s (o'$"*'*' *' s $!# #4o! ('$"22 2* "!*. E/ "!*

*s #/ (o'2($o! 2*/ (/o!, =o! (o's"1"*'$* / "!!2"("0' (/0!"( 2*/

(*!=o s* (o's*!%, 2* (o/o!*s os(!os =o!5* /os (o/o!*s os(!os

so!*' 4 #'$"*'*' #*@o! /s "!!2"("o'*s so/!*s 4 (o'>*(("o'2os

2* =!*>*!*'(", (o' $*/s 2* o!"1*' '"#/ (o#o ="*/*s, /'s 4

s*2s=o!5* so' #/os (o'2($o!*s 2* (/o!.

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%*!'o 2**' s*! 2*/12os =o!5* s (o'$"*'*' #*'os "!* *' s $!#

4 *s #&s >&("/ / */"#"'("0' 2*/ (/o! 5* "!!2" */ (*!=o, (/!os=o!5*

*/ (o/o! /'(o 4 o$!os (o/o!*s (/!os, !*()+' o so!*' *s(s#*'$*,

/s "!!2"("o'*s so/!*s 4 2* =!*>*!*'(" (o'>*(("o'2os (o' $*/s 2*

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o!"1*' %*1*$/, >("/"$' / "!!2"("0' 2*/ (/o! (o!=o!/.

 C!&!$): / (/+2o 2** =!*s$&!s*/* */ #&"#o 2* $*'("0'. S >o!#

2** 2=$!s* / >o!# 2*/ ="* =! *%"$! /s 2*>o!#("o'*s 5*

=!o2(* ('2o (o#=!"#*. L s*/ 2** (o"'("2"! (o' / (!%$! 2* /0%*2, s"!%"'2o/* 2* !*>*!+o =! 5* 'o s* =/'*.

E/ ="* =/'o *s ' *s$2o =$o/01"(o 5* o(s"o' ' s*!"* 2* s*(*/s

('s'("o, 2">"(/$2 *' / #!(), 2*s%"("o'*s *' / (o/#' %*!$*!/,

/$*!("o'*s *' /s !$"(/("o'*s (oo>*#o!/*s o 2* / (2*!, *$(.

E/ so 2* /=!1$s 2** s*! $!'s"$o!"o. S so (o's$'$*, >%o!*(* /

>o!#("0' 2*/ ="* =/'o.

@i5i%#% %# %& 1)5!( 

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C'2o s* )/ 2* )"1"*'* 2*/ )o1! s* $"*'2* =*'s! so/o *' /

/"#="*+ 2"!" 2* / (s, =*!o *' / =!&($"( *s$* (o'(*=$o *s #()o

#&s #=/"o 4 (o!!*s=o'2* / s# 2* $o2s /s #*2"2s $*'2"*'$*

=!*%*'"! "'>*(("o'*s, ss $!'s>*!*'("s 4 *' 2*>"'"$"% ("2! / s/2 2*

/os "'$*1!'$*s 2*/ )o1!.

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L 2*s"'>*(("0' *s ' =!o(*2"#"*'$o 5* ''( 2** s/$!s* / #o#*'$o

2* /"#="!, 2* /o (o'$!!"o */ ("(/o 2* / )"1"*'* 'o *s$ (o#=/*$o 4 s* (o!!*

*/ !"*s1o 2* (o'$#"'!.

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L H"1"*'* !"'2 /s 'o!#s =! #'$*'*! / s/2 2*/ (*!=o, 4

#'$*'*! / s/2, *s 1o+! 2* / %"2, )(*!/ #&s )*!#os 4

so!* $o2s /s (oss.

∗ P!*%"*'* "'>*(("o'*s 4 *'>*!#*22*s / P!*%*'("0' 2*

*'>*!#*22*s *s #*@o! 5* $!$! o (!! ' =*!so' 5* 4 *s$&

*'>*!#. P!*%*'("0' *s ' #'*! 2* *%"$! *'>*!#*22 '$*s

2* 5* 'os "'>*($*. S" =*2* =!*%*'"! / //*12 2* *'>*!#*22, 'o

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*'>*!#*22*s 5* #*@o!! 2* ' *'>*!#*22. Y '5* =*2*

#'$*'*! /"#=" / (s 4 */ (*!=o, 'o =*2* (o!$! */ (!so 2*

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' #2"(o 6 so/#*'$* ' =o5"$o 2* (o'o("#"*'$o. L #*@o! 

#'*! =! =!*%*'"! *'>*!#*22*s (o'$1"oss *s (o' ' *'

s*o.

∗ U' *' s*o #$ /os #"(!o"os, %"!s, 4 ($*!" 5* (s

*'>*!#*22*s (o'$1"oss. Es$os #"(!o"os so' $' =*5*?os 5*

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'o =o2*#os %*!/os s"' ' #"(!os(o=", =*!o %"%*' /!*2*2o! 4

*'("# 2* 'oso$!os. Po! *so, (o' *' s*o 'o )4 #()os

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Po! *@*#=/o, #()s "'>*(("o'*s "'$*s$"'/*s s* =s' 2* ' =*!so'

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)*%*("//os s/*' *' */ *(!*#*'$o 2* =*!so's "'>*($2s. Los

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L! ')&i).

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=*!!os, "'s*($os, o (/5"*! *s=*("* 2* '"#/ 5* s* =*2 *'(o'$!! 

*' '*s$! (s.

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  @)#5)2: /*s *'('$ (!*(*! *' /1!*s #o@2s, os(!s, 4 s("s

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(o's$'$*#*'$* #o@2s (o' s2o!. Po2*#os =!*%*'"! )o'1os s"

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∗ M'$*'*! s"*#=!* /s ?s /"#="s 4 *' =*!>*($o *s$2o. N2 2*

#o!2*!s* /s ?s *s #4 >*o 4 2*#&s s* *s$!o=*'. Lo #"s#o

=! /s ="*/*s 4 o$!os =*//*@"$os 2* /os 2*2os o /s #'os. No s*

#*!2*'.

∗ S" 'os #'()#os / (! o$! =!$* 2*/ (*!=o, $#"'

2**#os /%!'os =! #*@o!! '*s$! =!*s*'(".

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S"' !o$os, 2*s)"/2 o >/$ 2* /1' o$0'.

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2** $!$! 5* */ '"?o s* 2()* =! */"#"'! /os #/os o/o!*s 4 */

s2o!.

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∗ C"22o (o' */ 2*!!o()* 2* 1 / )o! 2* /%!'os o

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=!"'("=/,

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L%* "*' /os =/$os 2* *//os =! *%"$! / =!o=1("0' 2*

*'>*!#*22.

∗ #'$*'1 /os '"#/*s >*! 2* / (s.

∗ M'$*'$* *' / ("# 2* / )"1"*'* o!/ (#"'2o $ (*="//o 2*

2"*'$*s / #*'os ' %*+ (2 $!*s #*s*s.

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∗ L !o= "'$*!"o! 2* /1o20' 4 /os (/(*$"'*s $!'s="!/*s 4 =o! /o

$'$o #*'os =!o/*s /*!1! ($*!"s 5* //*%' / #/ o/o! (o!=o!/.

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(#/("0' 2* (*! 4 (*"$*. N'( "'$*'$*s =o'*! '2 *' */

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2*#&s '*s$!o >/@o 25"*!* ' so! #&s o #*'os >*!$*.

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<i$!, &! 2+'%(<i<%#i!, %& *i*) 5(!$) $% $%2!(()&&), %&

!%2) ! &! 2!&+$ ! &)2 2%(<ii)2 $% 2!&+$, #) 2)# 2"&)

#%%2i$!$%2 b2i!2 $% &)2 #iH)2 $% &)2 !$)&%2%#%2,

2i#) +% )#2i+%# $%(%1)2 1+*!#)2

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  Q+% %& %2!$) '()%5%( ! &!2 '%(2)#!2 2)i%$!$ &!

#!+(!&%! (%#% &)2 %%)2 #%5!i<)2 $% &)2 $%2!2(%2 $%

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(%!&i!i"# 2% <i#+&! !& %>%(ii) $% )()2 $%(%1)2, %#(%

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%&&)2 %& $%(%1) !& !5+!, !&i*%#!i"#, &! %$+!i"#, &!

+&+(! ?2i!, %& (!b!>), &! 2%5+(i$!$ 2)i!&, &)2 !*bi%#%2

2!#)2 )()2 +% 2+2%#!# %& b+%# <i<i(.

L Es(*/ G2/=* L!!"% 'o (*'$ (o' ' CD. I'$*!($"%o 2*

=!*%*'("0' 2* *'>*!#*22*s =! / s/2 2* /os '"?os 2* *2(("0'

&s"(, s"*'2o 'o 2* /os s*($o!*s #&s =!o=*'sos 2* 25"!"! /

*'>*!#*22*s (s2s =o! /os )&"$os 2* )"1"*'* "'2*(2os.

VARIABLES DEL PROBLEMA.

V!(i!b&% I#$%'%#$i%#%.

Es$!$*1"s E2($"%s 4 ss "'("2*'("s =! / =!*%*'("0'

V!(i!b&% $%'%#$i%#%.

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P()'+%2!: (!*("0' 2* ' CD INTERACTIVO =! */ =!*'2"+@* 2*

)&"$os 2* )"1"*'*.

DEFINICIONES CONCEPTUALES

E2(!%5i!2: Mo2o o s"s$*# 2* 2"!"1"! ' s'$o =! /o1!! ' >"'

I#i$%#i!: I'>/*'(" o *>*($o 5* $"*'* ' (os so!* o$!.P(%<%#i"#: M*2"2 o 2"s=os"("0' 5* s* $o# 2* #'*! '$"("=2

=! *%"$! 5* ' (os #/ s(*2

@bi)2: M'*! 2* ($! 25"!"2 =o! / !*=*$"("0' !*1/! 2* '

#"s#o $"=o 2* ($o o =o! */ so !*"$*!2o 4 !*1/! 2* ' (os.

Cos$#!*. F("/"22 =! )(*! ' (os, 5* s* 25"*!* (o' /

=!&($"(

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I#%(i)(i!(: H(*! =!o="o o s*'$! 2* #'*! =!o>'2 * '$"# *' /

#*'$*, *s=*("/#*'$* ' =*'s#"*'$o o ' s*'$"#"*'$o

A$+i2ii"#: A(("0' 2* 25"!"! o =s! $*'*! ' (os

P()%2): Co'@'$o 2* /s 2">*!*'$*s >s*s o *$=s s(*s"%s 5* $"*'*

' (("0' o ' >*'0#*'o (o#=/*@os

LJ$i): !*/("o'2o (o' */ @*1o

L!%#%: * *"s$* =*!o *s$& o(/$o o 'o s* #'">"*s$ *$*!"o!#*'$*

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Co'$1"o 2* ' *'>*!#*22 o 2* ' *s$2o 2* &'"#o

G(*%#%2: O!1'"s#o #"(!os(0="(o, >o!#2o =o! ' so/ (//, 5* *s

(=+ 2* (s! *'>*!#*22*s

I#+((%: C*! *' ' (("0' #*!*(*2o! 2* (s$"1o o (o!!*(("0'

I#%5(!&: * *s$& (o#=/*$o o *s 1/o/

I&+2(!i)#%2: D"@o, >o$o1!> o /&#"' 5* s* (o/o( *' '

=/"(("0' o "#=!*so =! )(*!/o #&s $!($"%o / %"s$ o *=/"(! 4

#=/"! s (o'$*'"2o E=/"(("0' 2* ' "2* o ' (o'(*=$o =o! #*2"o

2* *@*#=/os, 2"@os, 1!&>"(os o$! "'>o!#("0' (o#=/*#*'$!"

A#i*!i)#%2:  Co'@'$o 2* $('"(s =! >o#*'$! / =!$"("=("0' 4

(!*$"%"22.

P%$!5)5?!: C"*'(" 5* *s$2" /os #$o2os 4 /s $('"(s 2*s$"'2s

*'s*?! 4 *2(!, *s=*("/#*'$* /os '"?os 4 /os @0%*'*s

C)#i#+i$!$: C"!('s$'(" 2* s(*2*! o )(*!s* /1o s"' "'$*!!=("0': /

(o'$"'"22 *' */ $!@o ( =o! 2! >!$o U'"0' *'$!* /s =!$*s 5*

>o!#' ' $o2o I's"s$*'(" *' /s (("o'*s, "2*s o "'$*'("o'*s.

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CAPÍTULO III

METODOLOGÍA

Di2%H) $% &! I#<%2i5!i"#

  L #*$o2o/o1 (o's$"$4* / % #&s !&="2 =! (o#=!*'2*! '

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(o'o(*! (o' (/!"22, / !*/"22, s* =! 2*s(!""!/o o

$!'s>o!#!/o.

  L #*$o2o/o1 s* o(= 2* / =!$* o=*!$o!" 4 5* *' *//

*s$&' "'(/"2os /os #$o2os 4 $('"(s 5* so' )*!!#"*'$s 5*

"'$*!%"*'*' *' / "'%*s$"1("0' 2* (#=o.

  Es >($"/*, =o!5* s* >'2#*'$ *' */ '&/"s"s 2* os*!%("0' 4

=/'$* so/("o'*s /$*!'$"%s *' */ #'*@o 2* / =!*%*'("0' =! /

%"2 s/2/*, 2* *2(("0' &s"( *' >o!$/*(*! /os )&"$os 2*

)"1"*'*.

  E' *s$* =!o4*($o s* *'>$"+ / "#=o!$'(" 2*/ !'1o 2* *22 2*s*"s 2o(* ?os 2* %"2 *' /os '"?os, *s ' =!o4*($o %"/*, /

"'%*s$"1("0' 5* s* !*/"+0 / !*s=*($o, 42! 5* /os "'>'$*s

25"*!' ' '"%*/ 2* =!*%*'("0' #&s s/2/* (o' / =/"(("0'

2* $//*!*s =! >o!$/*(*! )&"$o 2* )"1"*'*.

  Es$* =!o4*($o s* =o4 *' / "'%*s$"1("0' 2* (#=o, s* !*/"+0

' 2"1'os$"(o so!* / "#=o!$'(" 2* / =!*%*'("0' =! / %"2

s/2/* 4 /o 5* !*=!*s*'$, *' /os '"?os 2* *s$s *22*s, (o' /

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"'%*s$"1("0' 2o(#*'$/ "/"o1!&>"( s* =*!#"$"!& (o's$!"! /

F'2#*'$("0' $*0!"( 4 ("*'$>"( 2*/ =!o4*($o.

M)$!&i$!$ $% &! i#<%2i5!i"#.

L #o2/"22 2* "'%*s$"1("0' 2* *s$* =!o4*($o >($"/* *s$&

s2 *' / "'%*s$"1("0' 2* (#=o (o' */ =o4o 2* /

"'%*s$"1("0' "/"o1!&>"( 2o(#*'$/.

Y=*+ A'2"'o, 7887, 2* =!o4*($o >($"/*:

)#2i2% %# &! %&!b)(!i"# $%2!(()&&) $% +#!

'()'+%2! $% +# *)$%&) )'%(!i<) <i!b&%, '!(!

2)&+i)#!( '()b&%*!2, (%+%(i*i%#)2 ) #%%2i$!$%2

$% )(5!#i!i)#%2 ) 5(+')2 2)i!&%2 '+%$% (%%(i(2%

! &! )(*+&!i"# $% ')&?i!2, '()5(!*!2 %#)&)5?!,

*)$)2 '()%)2.

P!(! 2+ )(*+&!i"# %>%+i"# $%b% !')!(2% %#

i#<%2i5!i"# $% i') $)+*%#!& $% !*') ) +#

$i2%H) +% i#&+! !*b!2 *)$!&i$!$%2. P5. K

Ti') $% i#<%2i5!i"#

  Es$* $!@o 2* "'%*s$"1("0' *s$& 2*'$!o 2*/ =!2"1#

(/"$$"%o 4 $"=o 2* "'%*s$"1("0': *=/"($"%o

E/ $"=o 2* "'%*s$"1("0' *=/"($"% *s s"#=/*#*'$* 2! (o'o(*! 

/s (ss 4 #o$"%os 2* /1's (oss / *=o'*! (/5"*! #$*!"/

*' >o!# (/! 4 (o#=!*'s"/* 5* =*!#"$ @s$">"(! =/!s 4

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(("o'*s *' s* / *=*!"*'(" 4 2! !*=*s$ (/5"*! 

"'$*!!o1'$*.

E/ $"=o 2* "'%*s$"1("0' *=/"($"% =! BELTRAN J. 9<

E2% i') $% i#<%2i5!i"# '%(%#%% !& #i<%& $% &!

%'&i!i"# i%#?i!, $%2(ib% &) +% 2%(, %2 $%i( 

+#! (%!&i$!$ +% )# %i2% !& *)*%#), '%() +%

%i2i( &+%5) $%& %'%(i*%#) %& *i2*) +%

)#2i2% %# (%'()$+i( '(%*%$i!$!*%#% %&

%#"*%#) +% 2% +i%(% )b2%(<!(, %& '(i#i'i) 2)b(%

%& +!& 2% $%2!(()&&! %& %'%(i*%#) %2 %&

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&)2 *i2*) %%)2. E2) 2% !&!#! 5(!i!2 !&

*!#%>) +i$!$)2) '()&i>) $% &!2 <!(i!b&%2. P&1. 7

 

POBLACIÓN Y MUESTRA

L! P)b&!i"#.

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2* / #"s# *s=*("* 5* o(=' ' #"s# &!* 1*o1!&>"(.

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(o's"2*!!, 4 5* *s '*(*s!"o 5* *s$ 2*>"'"2o =! 5* s* s*=

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=os"/* *s$2"! (2 'o 2* /os */*#*'$os 5* (o#=o'*' /

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*s$2"o 2* $o2os /os */*#*'$os 5* (o#=o'*' / =o/("0', s*

"'>"'"$ o $' 1!'2* 5* *(*2 /s =os""/"22*s 2*/ "'%*s$"12o!. E/

*s$2"o 2* =o/("o'*s 'o!#/#*'$* *s$& 1o*!'2o =o! /s /*4*s

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s"*#=!* =/"(/*s /1'os "'2"%"2os, 1!=os o =s*s.

  L =o/("0' s*!&' 2o(*'$*s, !*=!*s*'$'$*s /*1/*s, 2"!*($"%o

2* / I's$"$("0' 4 *s$2"'$*s.

  * *s$ (o's$"$"2o =o! 9 s/o'*s, 8 !*=!*s*'$'$*s

/*1/*s, 9 2o(*'$*s 88 *s$2"'$*s.

 

P)b&!i"#

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=! *s$ "'%*s$"1("0' /os (*s$"o'!"os, *'$!*%"s$ 4 *'(*s$.

 

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F+%#%: D"!*($"%os, !*=!*s*'$'$*s 4 *s$2"'$*s

E&!b)(!$) ')(: Ros!"o S&'()*+ 4 -"//' P/("os

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V!(i!b&%2

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2* )"1"*'*

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L! %#(%<i2!.

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L! %#+%2!.

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/ *'(*s$ =*!#"$* !*/"+! ' '&/"s"s 2* $"=o ('$"$$"%o 2* ss

!*s/$2os, s(! /s (o'(/s"o'*s 5* (o!!*s=o'2' (o' /os 2$os

!*(o1"2os.

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/ !*/"22 5* #*s$! /os !*s/$2os 2* >o!# 2"!*($, 2*#&s /

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='$os >%o!/*s.

P()%$i*i%#) $% &! i#<%2i5!i"#.

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• E/o!("0' 2*/ =!"#*! o!!2o! 

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