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9-Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall1
Organizational Theory,Design, and Change
Sixth Edition
Gareth R. Jones
Chapter 9
Organizational Design,
Competences, and
Technology
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9-Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall(
Learning Objectives(cont.)
*. )nderstand ho! technologya#ects organi"ational culture
+. ppreciate ho! ad$ances in
technology, and ne! techniuesor 'anaging technology, arehelping to increase
organi"ational e#ecti$eness
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9-Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall*
What is Technology?
Technology:the co'bination os&ills, &no!ledge, abilities,techniues, 'aterials, 'achines,
co'puters, tools, and othereuip'ent that people use tocon$ert or change ra! 'aterials
into $aluable goods and ser$ices
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9-Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall+
What is Technology?(cont.)
echnology e/ists at three le$els Individual level:the personal
s&ills, &no!ledge, and
co'petences that indi$idualspossess
Functional or department level:
the procedures and techniues thatgroups !or& out to peror' their!or& and create $alue
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9-Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
What is Technology?(cont.)
echnology e/ists at three le$elscont. Organizational level:the !ay an
organi"ation con$erts inputs intooutputs Mass production:the organi"ational
technology based on co'petences in
using standardi"ed, progressi$easse'bly process to 'anuacture goods
Craftswork:the technology thatin$ol$es groups o s&illed !or&ers !hointeract closely to produce custo'-designed products
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7/219-Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3
OrganizationalEfectiveness echnology is present in all
organi"ational acti$ities4 Input:allo!s each organi"ational
unction to handle relationships !ithoutside sta&eholders so that theorgani"ation can e#ecti$ely 'anageits speci5c en$iron'ent
Conversion:transor's inputs intooutputs Output:allo!s an organi"ation to
e#ecti$ely dispose o 5nished goods
and ser$ices to e/ternalsta&eholders
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8/219-Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Technology andCometitive !dvantage
he technology o anorgani"ation6s input, con$ersion,and output processes is an
i'portant source o co'petiti$ead$antage
7
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Conversion and O#t#trocesses
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Technical Comle*ity& TheTheory o+ ,oan Wood-ardProgrammed technology:a
technology in !hich theprocedures or con$erting inputs
into outputs can be speci5ed inad$anceas&s can be standardi"ed and the
!or& process can be 'adepredictable
T h i l C l i
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Technical Comle*ity(cont.)
Technical compleity:thee/tent to !hich a productionprocess can be progra''ed so
that it can be controlled and'ade predictable igh technical comle*ity4 e/ists
!hen con$ersion processes can beprogra''ed in ad$ance and ullyauto'ated
Lo- technical comle*ity4 e/ists
!hen con$ersion processes depend
T h i l C l it
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Technical Comle*ity(cont.)
8ood!ard identi5ed 10 le$els otechnical co'ple/ity that areassociated !ith three types o
production technology4 'all-batch and unit technology :arge-batch and 'ass production
technology Continuous-process technology
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13/219-Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall1(
Technical Comle*ity(cont.)
'all-batch and unit technology In$ol$es 'a&ing one-o-a-&ind,
custo'i"ed products or s'all
uantities o products he con$ersion process is ;e/ible,
thereby pro$iding the capacity toproduce a !ide range o goods that
can be adapted to indi$idual orders Is relati$ely e/pensi$e cores lo!est on the di'ension o
technical co'ple/ity
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Technical Comle*ity(cont.)
Continuous-process technology In$ol$es producing a steady strea'
o output
Production continues !ith little$ariation in output and rarely stops
Indi$iduals are only used to'anage e/ceptions in the !or&
process ends to be 'ore technically
e
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16/219-Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall1
Comle*ity and Three Tyeso+ Technology
h i l l i d
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Technical Comle*ity andOrganization 0tr#ct#re
n organi"ation that uses s'all-batch technology
I'possibility o progra''ing
con$ersion acti$ities becauseproduction depends on the s&illsand e/perience o people !or&ingtogether
n organic structure chap. * isthe 'ost appropriate structure orthis technology
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Organization 0tr#ct#re(cont.)
n organi"ation that uses 'assproduction technology bility to progra' tas&s in ad$ance
allo!s the organi"ation tostandardi"e the 'anuacturingprocess and 'a&e it predictable
'echanistic structure chap. *beco'es the appropriate structureor this technology
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Organization 0tr#ct#re(cont.)
n organi"ation that uses 'assproduction technologyas&s can be progra''ed in
ad$ance, and the !or& process ispredictable and controllable in atechnical sense
till the potential or a 'a=orsyste's brea&do!n n organic structure is the
appropriate structure or this
technology
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Comle*ity andOrganizational 0tr#ct#re
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