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Introduction HTL

HydrothermalLiquefactionFET 570Energy and EnvironmentInteraction andSustainabilitySercan zeren

30.05.2012

Advantages

Feedstocks

EnvironmentCatalysts References

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Fossil fuels found innature are based on

biogenic hypothesis This occurs through

thermochemicalconversion of

biomass burriedunderneath theground andsubjected to millionsof years of highpressure and

Formation of Oil, Gas and

Coal

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HTL has two pathways:

Direct conversion of

biomassBiomass with littlelignocellulosicfraction: waste fromanimal, human andfood industry

Pretreatment ofbiomass and thenfermentation

Celluslosic feedstocks

Hydrothermal Liqefaction

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Wet biomass slurry is fed into a HTL reactor which is at~

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Water is will not likely to

react with organic matterunder standardenvironenmentalconditions. With theincrease in temperature ofwater:

Dielectric constant of waterdecreases: H2O moleculesbecome more non-polar (4times) and affinitive toorganic materials

Dissociation of water

increase: H2O moleculesmore split (500 times) into

Conversion of Biomass

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Main feedstocks include:

Crop residues and wood,

Primarily include lignocellulose

Food processing waste and animal manure,

Contains lipids, proteins and usually small

amounts of lignocellulose(except ruminant animalmanure)

Algae

Feedstocks for HTL

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The end product is crude oil which has a much

higher energy content than syngas and alcohol

compared to other TCC processes If the feedstock contains a low of water, HTL

does not require drying and gasification andpyrolysis

On the other hand the energy used up in theheating of feedstock in HTL process can berecovered effectively

Advantages of HTL Over

Other TCCs

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The aim of the usage of catalyst in HTL is to

improve the yield and heating values of crude

oil produced Alkali catalysts used to limit the amount of

secondary reactions of the oil pahse to charproduction

Salts and bases: CaCO3, Ca(OH)2, NaOH,HCOONa, NaCl, K2CO3, KOH, HCOOK triggered50% heavy oil-like products

RbOH, CsOH: Hindered the formation of char

Also, some other catalysts used to favor theroduction of as ahses

Catalysts Used in HTL

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Liquid and solid animal wastes, sewage sludge,

and municipal wastes generate considerable

gas and odor, harbor disease, and contribute toenviorenmental problems

Wood wastes accumulate in landfillsand causestorage problems

These problems result in waste spent money intransportation, storage and treatment with nobenefit

Pollution due to Biomass

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Theoretically, bomass

has the capacity to

provide 100% of theworlds energyrequirement

Current production

approaches and useof biomass for energyare not sustainable

Biomass fuels used in

sustainable mannerwill result in no net

Sample Data

According to a researchin Lousina State, oil

production through HTLwith only animal manurewould provide the energyneed of ~48K homes orwould make available~24K gals of oil

production

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Hydrothermal liquefaction has also advantages

in terms of water treatment,

Its robust reaction conditions and aqueousenvironement make hydrothermal liquefactionwell-suited for the conversion of low lipid, fastgrowing algae that poliferate in wastewater

treatment facilities, These algae capture and utilize dissolved

nitrogen and phosporous in wastewater and ifnot used would be released to the environment

Synergistic Wastewater

Treatment

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Biofuels from agricultural wastes andbyproducts, Zhang Y., 2010

Assessing a hydrothermal liquefaction processusing biomass feedstocks, Midgett J. S., 2005

Hydrothermal liquefaction: A route to improvedbio-oils, NABC, 2011

http://algae.illinois.edu/Projects/Hydrothermal.html

References