Case Studies UNDP: SOCIEDADE CIVIL MAMIRAUA, Brazil

7/27/2019 Case Studies UNDP: SOCIEDADE CIVIL MAMIRAUA, Brazil

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Equator Initiative Case StudiesLocal sustainable development solutions for people, nature, and resilient communities

Brazil

SOCIEDADE CIVILMAMIRAU

Empowered live

Resilient nation

Empowered live

Resilient nation


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UNDP EQUATOR INITIATIVE CASE STUDY SERIES

Local and indigenous communities across the world are advancing innovative sustainable development solutions that woor people and or nature. Few publications or case studies tell the ull story o how such initiatives evolve, the breadththeir impacts, or how they change over time. Fewer still have undertaken to tell these stories with community practitionthemselves guiding the narrative.

To mark its 10-year anniversary, the Equator Initiative aims to ll this gap. The ollowing case study is one in a growing ser

that details the work o Equator Prize winners vetted and peer-reviewed best practices in community-based environmenconservation and sustainable livelihoods. These cases are intended to inspire the policy dialogue needed to take local succeto scale, to improve the global knowledge base on local environment and development solutions, and to serve as models replication. Case studies are best viewed and understood with reerence toThe Power o Local Action: Lessons rom 10 Yearsthe Equator Prize, a compendium o lessons learned and policy guidance that draws rom the case material.

Click on the map to visit the Equator Initiatives searchable case study database.

EditorsEditor-in-Chie: Joseph CorcoranManaging Editor: Oliver HughesContributing Editors: Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Erin Lewis, Whitney Wilding

Contributing WritersEdayatu Abieodun Lamptey, Erin Atwell, Toni Blackman, Jonathan Clay, Joseph Corcoran, Larissa Currado, Sarah Gordon, Oliver HugheWen-Juan Jiang, Sonal Kanabar, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Rachael Lader, Patrick Lee, Erin Lewis, Jona Liebl, Mengning Ma,Mary McGraw, Gabriele Orlandi, Juliana Quaresma, Peter Schecter, Martin Sommerschuh, Whitney Wilding, Luna Wu

DesignOliver Hughes, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Amy Korngiebel, Kimberly Koserowski, Erin Lewis, John Mulqueen, Lorena de la ParBrandon Payne, Mariajos Satizbal G.

AcknowledgementsThe Equator Initiative acknowledges with gratitude the Sociedade Civil Mamirau, and in particular the guidance and inputs o NeliPeralta and Isabel Soares, who are contributing writers or this case study. All photo credits courtesy o Mamirau Institute. EduarCoelho (page 4; page 5, top right; page 6; page 7, top let; page 8, top; page 11); Marilene Ribeiro (cover page; page 5, bottom right; pa10; 12); Jacqueline Gomes (page 5, let); Ruiter Braga (page 7, top right); and Joana Macedo (page 8, bottom). Maps courtesy o World Factbook and Wikipedia.

Suggested Citation

United Nations Development Programme. 2012. Sociedade Civil Mamirau, Brazil. Equator Initiative Case Study Series. New York, NY.
http://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/index.php?option=com_winners&view=casestudysearch&Itemid=858http://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdf


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PROJECT SUMMARYThis group currently co-manages the Mamirau and AmaaReserves, covering a combined total o 3.5 million hectareso ooded tropical orest and wetlands in the heart othe Amazon rainorest. Founded in 1992, the initiative isan environmental policy and research body that bringstogether academic institutes and local communities in thesustainable management o the areas wetland resources.The results o the initiatives work led to the declaration oMamirau as a Sustainable Development Reserve in 1996 a new category o protected area under Brazils NationalSystem o Conservation Units.

Since 1999, the Mamirau Institute or SustainableDevelopment has monitored a vast range o ecological,social, and economic indicators. These data inorm ongoinganalysis o the eectiveness o community-based resourceuse plans, and have been used to demonstrate the efcacyo community-based management to government partnersand donors.

KEY FACTS

EQUATOR PRIZE WINNER: 2004

FOUNDED: 1992

LOCATION: Central Amazon Conservation Complex

BENEFICIARIES: 45 settlement communities

BIODIVERSITY: Mamirau Reserve and Amaa Reserve

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SOCIEDADE CIVIL MAMIRAUBrazil

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Background and Context 4

Key Activities and Innovations 6

Biodiversity Impacts 8

Socioeconomic Impacts 9

Policy Impacts 10

Sustainability 11

Partners 12


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ociedade Civil Mamirau is a Brazilian environmental research andpolicy organization working toward the sustainable management o

vast area o ooded tropical orest and wetlands in the heart o theAmazon rainorest. With the ounding o the organization in 1992,

ociedade Civil Mamirau became co-manager o the Mamiraueserve, a 1,124,000 ha reserve in the state o Amazonas, near theillage o Boca do Mamirau in the municipality o Te. The protectedrea became Brazils rst Sustainable Development Reserve in998, establishing a model or community-based protected area

management that has since been replicated in many other areas ohe Brazilian Amazon.

Origins o the sustainable development reserve model

n the 1980s, the ooded orests o the central Amazon werender severe pressure rom commercial sheries, whose activities

hreatened the survival and resilience o ecosystems as well as localvelihoods. Local populations began to mobilize in opposition to theegradation o the local environment, orming a social movementalled the Preservation o the Lakes Movement. This campaign

was supported and backed in the Mamirau region by the CatholicChurch, and was bolstered by the scientic and legal support that

ame rom the activities o primate researcher Jos Mrcio Ayresnd anthropologist Deborah Lima. As occurred in other areas, the

partnership between social and environmental movements was

entral to the successul consolidation o the Mamirau Reserve andhe protection o its ooded orests.

When the protected area was rst created by the state government,t allowed neither human settlements nor the sustainable use oatural resources. Inormed by eld experience in the management the protected areas, Sociedade Civil Mamirau operates under theuiding principle that the conservation o biodiversity in the Amazoneeds to be closely related to the alleviation o poverty and thestablishment o strategies or the creation o sustainable livelihoods

or the people o the Amazon. In1992, this approach stood in contrast to traditional Brazilian conservation legislation, whichsubstantially limited natural resource use within certain proteareas, pursuing mutually exclusive strategies or poverty reducand biodiversity conservation based on a perceived incompatibetween people and nature.

Mamirau Sustainable Development Reserve, 1996

Accordingly, one o the initial unctions o Sociedade Civil Mamon its creation was to produce a sound, science-based managemplan or the Mamirau Reserve, one that combined a conserva

strategy with sustainable natural resource management activ

Background and Context


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or the local population. Sociedade Civil Mamirau providedhe state government with a reasoned argument or legislationhange that created space within protected area managementor poverty reduction considerations, and the declaration o aSustainable Development Reserve in 1996. This stands as theprincipal achievement o the Mamirau project. The creation ohis designation as a category o protected area under the Nationalystem o Conservation Units marked a groundbreaking shit in

razilian conservation and development policy, and was based onociedade Civil Mamiraus work in the early 1990s.

Amaa Sustainable Development Reserve, 1998

his breakthrough led to the creation o the Amaa SustainableDevelopment Reserve by state decree in August 1998. Located inhe course o the Middle Solimes River, near the conuence withhe river Japur, Amaa is one o the largest protected areas oropical orest in South America with an area o 2,350,000 hectares.

Coupled with the Mamirau Reserve (1,124,000 ha) and its neighborau National Park (2,272,000 ha), the areas orm a combined area o

protection o about 5,746,000 hectares, or around 22,000 squaremiles.

Mamirau Institute or Sustainable Development, 1999

Sociedade Civil Mamirau currently manages both the Mamand Amaa Sustainable Development Reserves, and has aoverall objective the promotion o biodiversity conservationimprovement o the standard o living o local residents throthe sustainable use o natural resources. Over the years, througcreation o the Mamirau Institute in 1999 and its association wit

Brazilian Ministry o Science and Technology, greater emphasisbeen placed on the development o science-based managemwith a ocus on sustainable natural resource managemstrategies that demonstrate conservation benets, improvemto local livelihoods, and applicability or other regions and conthroughout the Amazon.


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Key Activities and Innovations

ociedade Civil Mamirau works in three main areas: i) scienticesearch on the management o natural resources, ii) extensionnd outreach programs and iii) environmental protection andonservation. The organizations activities can be urther categorized

nto three cross-cutting themes: sheries, orest and agroorestrymanagement and ecotourism; environmental and health education;

nd community-based control and protection o natural areas.

terative reserach and adaptive management

he natural resource management programs o Sociedade CivilMamirau aim to generate income or the local population, to

reate systems that eectively integrate local access to resources

with the direct participation o local populations in environmentalnd ecosystem management, and the promotion o tried andested environmental conservation strategies. Natural resource

management systems and activities have been developed basedon the traditional practices o the local and indigenous population,pursuing low-impact technologies and approaches, and combiningocal knowledge with sound, scientic research. In many cases,conomic alternatives have represented either a departure rom,

or adaptations to, traditional local activities such as shing, timberxploitation, and certain types o agriculture. Simultaneously,ew economic activities, such as ecotourism and the sustainablexploitation o non-timber orest products, have been introduced.nvironmental and health education have also been key components

o the organizations work. While income generation activities haveocused on sheries management, orest management, ecotourismnd handicrats production, the initiative has also expanded intoreas such as ornamental sh, caiman shing and terrestrial wildlieonservation.

mproving livelihood sustainability

he strategy pursued by Sociedade Civil Mamirau has the primaryobjective o improving the access o the local population to naturalesources, as well as the equitable distribution o resultant benets.

The organization also aims to add commercial value to naresources by reducing local dependence on commercial capitareducing the gap between local harvesting and regional end ma in short, developing value-added secondary processing. In theo sheries management, activities are designed to promoteconservation o species that are under most commercial pressuch as pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) and tambaqui. Fisherare assisted in counting their stocks, protecting and monitopopulations and linking to market supply chains. As a recommunities harvesting pirarucu have been able to earn mthan double their previous earnings. The same income generabenets can be seen as a result o Sociedade Civil Mamiraus management plans, where timber harvested sustainably by

agroorestry armers is providing returns between 100 and 150cent higher than beore.

Target beneciaries

The target population o Sociedade Civil Mamiraus work isresidents o the two protected areas under the organizations spo inuence, totaling over 14,000 people. Indirectly, many progtested and implemented in Mamirau are being replicated in oareas o the Amazon. Furthermore, ecosystem services providethe reserves aect the urban population o the regions towns,a combined population o over 120,000 people.

The populations that use and protect the reserves live in smallhocommunities, each housing no more than 100 people on averMost settlements are located on the river, are denitmarginalized, and average 13 households. As o 2005, roughsettlement communities in the reserves were carrying out resomanagement activities which were overseen by Sociedade Mamirau. This number has increased by ve communities eyear since. The majority o communities concentrate on activitiesbroadly relate to sheries, but a number also work in agroorenon-timber orest products, and ecotourism.


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nnovations in sustainable management

he most notable innovation o Sociedade Civil Mamirau hasbeen the combination o natural resource management systemshat are based on traditional and indigenous knowledge with

modern science and monitoring the combination o scientic andraditional knowledge. In the areas o sheries and marine resource

management, this has been illustrated through locally-testedechniques or monitoring and assessment, where local shermenount their own stocks using modern sampling and researchechniques. The methodology was developed collaboratively

between local shermen and researchers.

An important innovation o Sociedade Civil Mamirau has been toprovide a sound scientic basis or correlating conservation and

poverty reduction objectives, and demonstrating that people-entered development strategies in protected areas are viable.

Demonstrating this correlation through studies and researchre part o a broader conservation strategy that includes localystems o resource access, control and surveillance, political

mobilization o local advocacy eorts and the strengthening oocal leadership, environmental education and awareness-raisingctivities, and the promotion o community health and wellbeing.

Access to economic benets rom natural resource management isontingent on biodiversity conservation activities, as regulated byociedade Civil Mamirau. In sheries management, or example,ommercial exploitation is today carried out through associations

whose members have annual quotas, established accordintheir perormance in relation to pre-determined criteria, suc

participation in courses and meetings promoted by the associaparticipation in community surveillance and protection systand their compliance to the management rules. Although member has access to a minimum quota or commercializationpossibility o raising this quota encourages shermen to supconservation initiatives.

Another example o this incentivization can be seen in commuinvolvement and benet sharing in ecotourism projects inMamirau. The prots derived rom this activity are divided amthe communities that participate in the initiative. Access to tmonetary resources by the communities is also regulated. Deconomic benets, like provision o services and sale o produc

the lodge, go to those who respect management rules. Communreceive a share o the prots according to their perormancthe sustainable management o the area, as well as on the o participation in conservation activities. Depending on the ycommunities have elected to share prots equally, as well adistribute prots according to levels o adherence to managemrules. The resources are thus used politically, with the commundeciding when it is strategic to share prots equally and wit is not. It is important to note that the communities themseelaborated and regulated the system on access to natural resouand benets.


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Impacts

BIODIVERSITY IMPACTSSociedade Civil Mamirau emerged in response to a collectiveproblem the unsustainable use o natural resources in the area.This remains an ongoing challenge, although eorts have beenmade to address the challenge. First o all, since the protected

rea has been recognized ofcially by the government, pressurerom commercial sheries and timber extraction companies has

diminished signicantly. In addition, the initiative has been ableo advance viable and sustainable income generation activities orhe local population that do not compromise (and in many cases

maintain) ecosystem integrity, oering a compelling argument orhe win-win benets possible in conservation activities that put

ocal people at their very center. Similarly, protection o the areas likely to be sustainable over the long term, as investments have

been made in local capacity building, specically in monitoring andevaluation. Participation in community-based monitoring systemss high. Voluntary environmental agents (VEAs) are responsibleor identiying and reporting poachers and those who transgress

on agreed resource management plans. This system was createdo legitimize the protection o resources and the conservation

o ecosystems based on a principle o shared responsibility ormonitoring.

Participatory management systems have been used by SociedadeCivil Mamirau to increase biodiversity, improve ecosystem health,

nd to protect and strengthen populations o wildlie within theeserves. The organization has adopted management standardsnd land-use zoning systems that enable low-impact tourism and

protected area conservation.

ncreases in wildlie species populations

Monitoring and evaluation over the last decade have shown theecovery o wildlie populations that were in sharp decline prior tohe creation o the protected areas, including alligators, turtles and

pirarucu; stabilization in numbers o other hunted species, such as

the red howler monkey; and recovery o endangered species suthe jaguar, white uacari, and black-headed squirrel monkey. Rasighted vertebrate species like the jaguar and curassow which low reproductive rates are particularly vulnerable to the pressurhuman development.

Jaguars

The density o the jaguar population, or example, was estimatabout 10 individuals per 100 km. Although there are no prevestimates or the area, this can be considered high compared to oenvironments, and is probably a reection o the high produco the oodplain and the large number o alligators, which are

main prey o the jaguar in the area. In addition, research shthat the Mamirau oodplain serves as an area or reproducand weaning o jaguar cubs. The suspected recovery o the japopulation suggests a successul land-use strategy.


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Primates

The abundance o primates in the reserves is relatively high. Thedensity o howler monkeys registered in the reserves is between38 and 40 individuals per km. Sociedade Civil Mamirau has beenuccessul in running low-impact ecotourism programs. Monitoring

conducted by the organizations tourism program shows that theabundance o primates (Cacajao calvus calvus, Alouatta seniculus,

Saimiri sciureus and Cebus macrocephalus) has not varied signicantlybetween areas with tourism activity and those without, despiteongoing pressure rom poachers. This indicates that sensitively-planned tourism can bring economic and social benets to thearea and to local people without necessary contributing to thedegradation o wildlie and ecosystems.

River turtles

mprovements in the health o other locally important speciespopulations has resulted rom management systems developed bySociedade Civil Mamirau. As one example, on Horizonte Beach thenumber o Yellow-Spotted River Turtle nests (P. unilis) increased by

over 1000% between 1998 and 2006. The increase is consistent or allhree species o river turtles in Mamirau (Podocnemis sextuberculata,

P. unilis and P. expansa). The number o Arrau River Turtle (Tartaruga-da-amaznia: P. expansa) nests has nearly doubled since the starto Sociedade Civil Mamiraus beach protection activities. In 1999,here were 42 nests in the sample area, and in 2010 approximately

75 nests o this species were recorded in this same region.

Between 2000 and 2010, Sociedade Civil Mamirau releasedapproximately 57,000 turtle hatchlings into the reserve. Spawning isoverseen by the organization on a series o protected beaches. Whatbegan as an activity involving eleven communities, involved theparticipation o 25 communities by 2010. Due to increased interestn the conservation o turtles by local communities, a new strategy is

being encouraged which consists o the in situ conservation o nestsn spawning areas, avoiding the transer o eggs to articial beaches.

River dolphins and sh species

Conservation in the reserves has also resulted in protection romcommercial sheries, which has allowed populations o sh-eating predators to rejuvenate. For example, it is estimated that

3,000 river dolphins (Inia georensis) survive in the reserve and itsurroundings, constituting a much higher density o cetaceans than

previously recorded. The river dolphins, however, ace the threat o

laughter due to the commercial shing o piracatinga (Callophysusmacropterus). Studies detected a reduction in the number o riverdolphins between 2001 and 2005, coinciding with an increase inhis type o shing in the surrounding reserves. Mamirau also has aelative abundance o other predatory sh, such as the black caimanMelanosuchus niger) and pirarucu sh (Arapaima gigas).

Alligators and caimans

Community reports also show an increase in alligator and blackcaiman (M. niger) populations. Studies have showed that black

caiman in particular were extremely scarce during the 1960s1970s, when they were hunted or their skins. Surveys conduin Mamirau have demonstrated a population recovery ollowhunting bans and species protection, even with ongoing subsisthunting or local consumption. A growing population o bcaiman in areas o permanent protection was observed. Duringdry season, alligators converge on the Mamirau lakes and rdensities o almost 2000 individuals per square kilometer.

Forest conservation

Finally, prior to creation o the reserves, logging was the meconomic activity o coastal communities during the ood pewhen household income is signicantly reduced. Though all wharvesting in the period beore 2000 was illegal, deorestationstill a substantial problem. Since the creation o the reserve, thas been a substantial decrease in recorded number o instao illegal trade in timber products, with a parallel improvemesustainably managed harvests.

Environmental educationThe organization also puts emphasis on environmental educaby training teachers and students rom rural areas and produeducational materials on biodiversity conservation, incluvideos, comic strips, books and booklets, workshops and meetlectures, and drama perormances. Eorts have also been mto integrate environmental education into the curriculum o schools, undertaken in partnership with government stakeholTraining has been provided to over 800 teachers, and a nethas been created to link and keep them in dialogue with relestakeholders.

SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTSMonitoring and evaluation indicators show that the actionSociedade Civil Mamirau and its partners over the last decade resulted in signicant changes in living standards o local residin the Mamirau and Amaa Reserves. In addition to the activo natural resource management, investments have been madhealth education, in social technologies (in particular or sanitaand energy) and environmental education.

Improvements in public health and sanitation options

Indeed, one o the areas where the organization has had

greatest impact is in public health, particularly reductions in inmortality. In general, high rates o inant mortality are reto poor living conditions and a lack o access to health servSociedade Civil Mamirau has overseen a 64 per cent reductiothe inant mortality rate in the region rom 90 deaths per 1births in 1995 to 32 deaths per 1,000 in 2005. The organizahas served as a mediator between local health departments inarea and the local and ederal governments. Initiative was takesupport the training o 450 healthcare proessionals across emunicipalities. Additionally, training and guidance was providea regional organization o traditional midwives operating in the

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ommunities o the reserves, with the aim o improving pre-natalare and child health. This project also helped traditional midwives

make a connection to and gain credibility and recognition rom theational health system.

he group has been equally active in health education, workinghrough partnerships to monitor, guide and encourage the work oommunity health agents, who in turn oer advice to amilies about

ealthcare issues such as breasteeding, the use o oral hydrationalts, personal hygiene, dental care, nutritional guidance, human

waste management and waste disposal. The organization has alsobeen working on vaccination campaigns in the rural communities.

n more general public health terms, Sociedade Civil Mamirau hasmade investments in social technologies or potable water supply,water treatment and addressing water-borne diseases. A clean waterprogram, which ocused on amily education on clean drinkingwater, encouraged amilies to install tanks to catch rainwater, ando use solar energy technology or water disinection. This programas been replicated across the villages o Mapiranga, Morada Nova,nd Pau Pixuna. These eorts have been complemented by parallel

programing to pilot a variety o water pumping systems in dierentommunities, which have received a positive level o uptake andcceptance. Human waste management has been another area o

project intervention, as inadequate management in areas subjecto ooding results in the prolieration o water-borne diseases andealth issues like diarrhea, intestinal worms, anemia, dehydrationnd malnutrition. Sociedade Civil Mamirau has worked with localommunities to install septic tanks adapted to seasonal variations in

water levels, using experience gained over 15 years o successes andailures to ne-tune their interventions in high variability wetlandnvironments.

mprovements in livelihood optionseyond public health, Sociedade Civil Mamirau has successully

mproved local incomes and expanded livelihood options. Ruralvelihoods in the region are highly dependent on natural resources,

with 58 per cent o income in the reserves coming rom amilyproduction in shing, agriculture and wood collection. A study

xamining the economic situation o communities beore and aterhe implementation o systems or participatory management oatural resources has shown that, ater ten years, inhabitants o the

eserves earn more. In Mamirau, or example, there was an averagencrease in household income o 130 per cent rom 1995 to 2005.ocal community members have been able to get better market

prices or their products, due to value-added secondary processing,he market premium placed on sustainably harvested products, andhe legal status o the organization as supply-chain intermediary. Ohe 220 communities in the two reserves, about 30 per cent werectively engaged in natural resource management activities inhe period 2001 to 2010. Pirarucu sh production in both reservesncreased rom three tons in the rst year o management in 1999 to

more than 200 tons in 2010. Sociedade Civil Mamirau is also activen the implementation o eight shing agreements in the region.

Increases in household income were accompanied by increashousehold consumption, a key living standard indicator. Stuindicate a 53% increase in average monthly household expendbetween 1995 and 2005. Increased purchasing power has transto the ability to access motorized boats, which empowers residto carry out productive activities, reduces isolation, promintegration with other communities, and acilitates quicker acceemergency and health services.

POLICY IMPACTS

The primary result o Sociedade Civil Mamiraus work has beencreation o supportive public policies and inclusive environmelegislation. The experiences o participatory management inreserves have demonstrated positive economic and environmeresults which lend credibility to advocacy and policy inputs. Soresearch, with the support o partners and with the ull participao communities, has made it possible or the group to inulegislation on orest management, pirarucu sheries managemand the creation o legal standing or Sustainable DevelopmReserves. The accumulation o scientic data and proper monito

and evaluation has made the group an asset or policymakers, can draw rom their experience in the ormation o policies onmanagement o protected areas.

Sociedade Civil Mamirau has been active in advancingsustainable development reserve model, which has been appliother areas o the Amazon. The organization also serves as a natlaboratory or environmental and social science research, throthe Mamiraua Institute or Sustainable Development, establiin 1999. Partnerships have been developed with various reseinstitutions to study the oodplain ecosystems, as well as management systems and the application o management sysin other locations.

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Sustainability and Replication

SUSTAINABILITYundamental to the sustainability o the Mamirau Reserve has

been its impressive monitoring o biological and socio-economiconditions within the reserves area. Ongoing research has beenoordinated by the Mamirau Institute and conducted by teams oesearchers since 1999, providing baseline and time series data thatonclusively demonstrate the positive impacts o local ecosystem

management or the reserves natural heritage and its communities.hese results are catalogued online through the Mamirau Institutes

website, and have been extensively documented and disseminated.horough research was critical in the initial establishment o

he Mamirau Sustainable Development Reserve and has beenundamental to its ongoing success, demonstrating to localommunities and government institutes the benets o investment

n community-based management.

he Mamirau Institute has developed an Integrated Monitoringystem or the continuous and systematic processing o dataollected rom the reserves. This covers environmental, social,conomic and institutional variables, and seeks to identiy andualitatively and quantitatively evaluate trends over time. The chieim is to investigate whether the primary unction o the Mamiraund Amaa Sustainable Development Reserves protecting the

biodiversity o the oodplains o the middle Solimes is being

chieved.

he system also assesses the extent to which management standardsor sustainable use and zoning are being met by the various socialctors involved, and whether these are eective in protecting localatural resources. This inormation has proved particularly important

or the projects main stakeholders and donors.

Currently, the system comprises twelve distinct datasets, all o ware available online:

Monitoring o the Physical Environment:1. Monitoring o water levels and aspects o climate in Mam

and Aman Reserves2. Limnological research, or reshwater science

Biodiversity monitoring:3. Monitoring o aquatic biodiversity4. Monitoring o terrestrial biodiversity

Social monitoring:5. Monitoring health and nutrition6. Monitoring population7. Socioeconomic monitoring8. Monitoring o the local market

Monitoring Natural Resource Use:9. Forest monitoring10. Monitoring the use o wildlie11. Monitoring o sh12. Monitoring or surveillance, control and invasions

Since 2004, monitoring and analysis in these elds has bcarried out by research groups that bring together univeacademics, students and technical support sta, according to areas o expertise. There are currently eight groups, ocussingRiparian Populations, Livelihoods and Public Policy in the WeAmazon; Innovation, Development and Adaptation o SustainTechnologies; Forest Ecology; Social Organization and ParticipaManagement; Territories, Identity and Environmental Managemin Protected Areas; Agroecology; Aquatic Mammals o the Amaand Ecology o Terrestrial Vertebrates.


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PARTNERS

Academia Brasileira de Cincias (ABC)Centro Estadual de Unidades de Conservao do Amazonas(CEUC/SDS)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientco e Tecnolgico(CNPq)Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP)

Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas(FAPEAM)Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos NaturaisRenovveis (IBAMA)Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservao da Biodiversidade (ICMBio)Instituto de Proteo Ambiental do Estado do Amazonas(IPAAM)Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaznia (INPA)Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)Ministrio da Cincia e Tecnologia (MCT)Ministrio da Sade (MS)

Ministrio de Minas e Energia (MME) Ministrio do Meio Ambiente (MMA) Museu Paraense Emlio Goeldi (MPEG) Observatrio Nacional (ON) Preeitura Municipal de Alvares Preeitura Municipal de Mara Preeitura Municipal de Uarini

Preeitura Municipal de Fonte Boa Preeitura Municipal de Te Prelazia de Te Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa -(RNP) Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvim

Sustentvel do Amazonas (SDS) Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Cincia (SBPC) Unio das Naes Indgenas (UNI) Te Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA) Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) Universidade Federal do Par (UFPA) Wildlie Conservation Society WCS


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FURTHER REFERENCE

Amaral, E. et al. 2011. O Manejo Comunitrio de Pirarucu (Arapaima Gigas) nas Reservas de Desenvolvimento Sustentvel Mamirau e Aman 2009. Relatrio tcnico apresentado ao IBAMA. IDSM, Te.Arantes, C.C. 2009. Ecologia do pirarucu Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822) na vrzea da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentvel Mamirau, AmazBrasil. Dissertao apresentada para a obteno do ttulo de Mestre em Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz.Ayres, J. M. 1986. The conservation status o the white uakari. Primate Conservation, (7): 200-6.Bernhard, R. 2001. Biologia reprodutiva de Podocnemis sextuberculata (testudines Pelomedusidae) na Reserva de desenvolvimento SustenMamirau, Amazonas, Brasil. Dissertao de Mestrado. INPA/UFAM Manaus, AM. 52p.Camillo, C. S. 2010. Ecologia reprodutiva e conservao de quelnios aquticos (Testudines: Podocnemididae) nas Reservas de DesenvolvimSustentvel Mamirau e Aman, Amazonas, Brasil. Relatrio Tcnico Final das Atividades de Bolsa/CNPq. IDSM, Te.Da Silveira, R. and Thorbjarnarson, J. 1999. Conservation Implications o Commercial Hunting o Black and Spectacled Caiman in the MamSustainable Development Reserve, Brazil. Biological Conservation, v. 88, p. 103-109.Fachn-Teran, A. 2001. Preservao de quelnios aquticos com participao comunitria na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentvel MamTe- Amazonas, Brasil. 51p.Lima, D. 2010. As Transormaes na Economia Domstica de Mamirau. UAKARI, Vol. 6, No 1. 2010.Martin A.R. and da Silva V. M. F. 2004 (a). River dolphins and ooded orest: seasonal habitat use and sexual segregation o botos (Inia geofrenan extreme cetacean environment. J. Zool., London. 263, 295305.Martin A.R. and da Silva, V.M.F. 2004. (b) Number, seasonal movements, and residency characteristics o river dolphins in an Amazonian oodlake system. Can. J. Zool. Vol. 82.Moura, E.A.F. 2007. Prticas socioambientais na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentvel Mamirau estado do Amazonas, Brasil. UniversiFederal do Par, Ncleo de Altos Estudos Amaznicos.Oliveira, P. H. 2007. Conservao de quelnios aquticos e proteo de praias de nidicao com envolvimento comunitrio na RDSM.Peralta, N. 2005. Os ecoturistas esto chegando: Aspectos da Mudana Social na RDS Mamirau. 204 . Dissertao (Mestrado) - Universi

Federal do Par, Ncleo de Altos Estudos Amaznicos.Pezzut, J.C.B. 1998. Ecologia reprodutiva da Ia, Podocnemis sextuberculata (Testudines, Pelomedusidae), na Reserva de desenvolvimSustentvel Mamirau, Te, Amazonas, Brasil.Queiroz, H.L. 1995. Preguias e Guaribas. Os Mameros Folvoros Arborcolas do Mamirau.Ramalho, E. E. 2006.A dieta e o uso do habitat da ona-pintada (Panthera onca) em uma rea de vrzea, Reserva de Desenvolvimento SustenMamirau, Amaznia Central, Brasil. Unpubl. MSc. Thesis., Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amaznia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.Ramalho, E.E. 2008.Jaguar population dynamics in the varzea oodplain orests o Mamirau. Report to WCS Jaguar Conservation Program.Sousa, I. S., et al. 2010. Gesto participativa das reservas Mamirau e Aman: os desaos para a manuteno dos pactos institucionais e a importde novas parcerias. VII Seminrio Anual de Pesquisas do Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentvel Mamirau.Storni, A. et al. 2007. Evaluation o the Impact on Fauna Caused by the Presence o Ecotourists on Trails o the Mamirau Sustainable DevelopReserve, Amazonas, Brazil. Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development, 4:1, 25 32.

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Case Studies UNDP: SOCIEDADE CIVIL MAMIRAUA, Brazil

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