Disposición de Residuos Solidos en Actividades Mineras (1)

7/26/2019 Disposicin de Residuos Solidos en Actividades Mineras (1)

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M E C N I C A D E R O C A S I IA L U M N O : E S P I N O Z A C R I S T B A L B E R L Y N

DISPOSICIN DE RESIDUOSSOLIDOS EN ACTIVIDADES MINERAS


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OBJETIVOS

Construir y is!"#r un $ot#!ro ! !s%ont!& E'#(u#r (#s )#r#)t!r*sti)#s +!o%!),ni)#s ! (#

)i%!nt#)i-n y (#s .ro.i!#!s /*si)o 0%!),ni)#s

!( %#t!ri#( ! !s%ont!& Co%.r!n!r (# i%.ort#n)i# ! un $u!n is!"o !

$ot#!ro ! !s%ont!&


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INTRODUCCIN

E( .ro.-sito .rin)i.#( !s .ro.or)ion#r un# .!rs.!)ti'#+!n!r#( ! (os #suntos ! !st#$i(i# ! t#(u!s !n !(.(#n!#%i!nto1 is!"o1 o.!r#)i-n1 %#nt!ni%i!nto1 y)i!rr! ! (os !.-sitos ! !s!)2os ! %in#&D#o 3u! (# %#yor*# ! !s!)2os ! %in# )onst# !r!(#'!s1 y 3u! (os r!(#'!s +!n!r#(%!nt! )onstituy!n !(ti.o ! !s!)2o ! %in# 3u! )#us#n %#yor!s.ro$(!%#s !n !( P!r41 !st, ori!nt## .rin)i.#(%!nt!

2#)i# (os r!(#'!s& L# %#yor*# ! .rin)i.ios !!st#$i(i# ! t#(u!s t#%$i5n s! .u!!n #.(i)#rir!)t#%!nt! # otros ti.os ! !s!)2o ! %in#&


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PRINCIPALES RESIDUOS SOLIDOS

ESTERILES: Too %#t!ri#( sin '#(or !)on-%i)o!6tr#*o ! (# !6.(ot#)i-n ! un# %in#&

DESEC7OS: Son toos (os r!siuos so(ios ! (#s

o.!r#)ion!s ! tr#t#%i!nto ! %in!r#(!s& ESCORIAS: Conti!n!n i%.ur!8#s ! (os %!t#(!s

)u#no s! /un!n&


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DRENAJE ACIDO E( Dr!n#9! A)io ! Ro)#s ARD; .u!! +!n!r#rs! !n o

!ntro ! %u)2os )o%.on!nt!s %in!ros )o%o ro)# !!s%ont!1 r!(#'!s1 .#r!!s ! 9#to #$i!ro&

METODOS: Co(!)t#r #+u# #)i# 3u! r!n# ! (os r!siuos %in!ros

#nt!s ! su !s)#r+#& E%.(!o ! )o$!rtur#s !(#$or##s )on %#t!ri#(!s 3u!

)onsu%!n o6i+!no )o%o r!siuos ! %#!r#1 u otrosr!siuos or+,ni)os&


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PRINCIPIO DE LA MECNICA DE SUELOS

E( ti.o ! !rru%$#%i!nto ! su!(o 3u! %#s.r!o)u.# !s (# /#((# tr#ns'!rs#( o ! )ort!1 (#r!sist!n)i# #( )ort! o #( !s(i8#%i!nto ! un su!(o

s! .u!! !t!r%in#r !ntro !( (#$or#torio1#.(i)#no un# )#r+# #6i#( # un# %u!str#)i(*nri)#1 !n /or%# si%i(#r us##s .#r#!t!r%in#r (# r!sist!n)i# !( )on)r!to& Si s! ((!'## )#$o un# s!ri! ! .ru!$#s # i/!r!nt!s

.r!sion!s (i%it#nt!s1 s! .u!! tr#8#r !( !s/u!r8onor%#( )ontr# !( !s/u!r8o ! )ort!&


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PRINCIPIO DE LA MECNICA DE SUELOS

L# i/!r!n)i# %#s i%.ort#nt! !n (os ti.os !.ru!$# ! r!sist!n)i# !s !( +r#o ! r!n#9!.!r%itio !ntro ! (# %u!str# !( su!(o& E(r!n#9!1 o (# r!u))i-n ! (# .r!si-n !( #+u#

!ntro ! (os .oros1 #/!)t# # (#s .ro.or)ion!s !)#r+# so.ort## .or !( !s3u!(!to !( su!(o1 y !(#+u# !ntro ! (os .oros, r!s.!)ti'#%!nt!&


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DISE S!+4n +!o%or/o(o+*#: L# .r!s!n)i# ! un# /#((# #)ti'# 3u! .u!! s!r

r!#)ti'## .or !( .!so& A'#(#n)2#s y !rru%$!s& Cu#no s! !/!)t4#n (os #n,(isis ! !st#$i(i# s!

!$! to%#r !n )u!nt# (# #(t# su.!r?)i! /r!,ti)#

n#tur#( !n su!(os ! )i%!nt#)i-n #y#)!nt!s #)u!r.os ! #+u#& L# .r!s!n)i# ! (#$or!s ! %in# su$t!rr,n!#s

#)ti'#s o .#s##s ir!)t#%!nt! !$#9o o#y#)!nt! #( sitio&


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DISE Con?+ur#)i-n !( $ot#!roL#s '#ri#$(!s +!o%5tri)#s .ri%#ri#s son: A(tur#: !?ni# )o%o (# ist#n)i# '!rti)#( !s!

(# )r!st# !( $ot#!ro 2#st# (# su.!r?)i! !(t!rr!no #( .i! !( $ot#!ro&

Vo(u%!n& n+u(o !( T#(u: !( ,n+u(o +!n!r#( !( $ot#!ro

%!io !s! (# )r!st# ! (# .(#t#/or%# %,s #(t#2#st# !( .i!&

T#(u ! /un#)i-n r#o ! )on?n#%i!nto


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TIPOS DE UNDACIN Est,n !n tr!s )#t!+or*#s:- Competente: $#s#%!nto ro)oso o su!(o #(t#%!nt!

)o%.!t!nt! ! i+u#( o %#yor r!sist!n)i# 3u! (os %#t!ri#(!s!( $ot#!ro y 3u! !s ins!nsi$(! # (# +!n!r#)i-n ! .r!si-n! .oros o (# r!u))i-n ! (# r!sist!n)i# !$io # (# )#r+#&

-

Intermedio: %#t!ri#( int!r%!io 3u! s! )onso(i#r, y+#n#r, r!sist!n)i# )on !( ti!%.o1 .!ro 3u! .u!! s!rsus)!.ti$(! # (# +!n!r#)i-n ! .r!si-n ! .oros y (# .5ri#! r!sist!n)i# si !s )#r+#o y )i8#((#o %uy r,.i#%!nt!&

- Dbil: %#t!ri#( 5$i( 3u! no .u!! s!r )#r+#o ! /or%#s!+ur# %,s #((, ! un ni'!( (i%it#nt! ! r!sist!n)i# #( )ort!y 3u! no +#n# r!sist!n)i# .or )onso(i#)i-n # un# '!(o)i#)onsi!r#$(!&


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ANLISIS DE LA CONDICIN DE UNDACIN

P#r# 2#)!r un #n,(isis ! in/or%#)i-ncalicatas: Un %5too '!nt#9oso .#r# in'!sti+#r %#t!ri#(!s

! .r5st#%o !s !6)#'#r )#(i)#t#s )on !3ui.o %-'i(& P#r#.ro.or)ion#r un sist!%# ! s!((#o !?)i!nt! y r!n#9!int!rno .#r# un# .r!s# ! r!(#'!s1 !s n!)!s#rio u$i)#r un#/u!nt! ! %#t!ri#( t#nto i%.!r%!#$(! )o%o .!r%!#$(!&


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Sondeos: (# .!r/or#)i-n ! )i%i!ntos !.!n!r, ! !(t#%#"o !( ,r!# )#r+##1 (# %#+nitu ! (# )#r+# y !( .!r?(!( su$su!(o& .!r/or#)ion!s !$!r*#n s!r (o su?)i!nt!%!nt!

.ro/un#s .#r# !t!r%in#r !( .!r?( !( su$su!(o !ntro (#.ro/uni# #/!)t## si+ni?)#ti'#%!nt! .or (# !stru)tur#&


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Ensayos in situ: .#r# !sto s! .u!! uti(i8#r .!n!tro%!tros .#r# .ro$#r (# !nsi# y (# r!sist!n)i# #( )ort!&7#y .!n!tr- %!tros )-ni)os 3u! .u!!n s!r .r!sion#os

.or +#t#s 2ir,u(i)#s1 3u! t#%$i5n r!+istr#n .r!si-n !.oros y .ro)!s#n #uto%,ti)#%!nt! (os r!su(t#os&


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Muestreo: s! 2#)! %u!str#s #( su!(o !n !( )u#( s!)(#si?)# !n:

Muestra de lavado: )onsist!n !n 'irut#s ! t#(#ro !6tr#*#s

.or !( #+u# !n )ir)u(#)i-n& Est#s ti!n!n (# s!ri# (i%it#)i-n !3u! %!i#nt! !( (#'#o s! .u!! !6tr#!r #(+unos)onstituy!nt!s %in!r#(!s&Muestra disturbada: s! o$ti!n!n +!n!r#(%!nt! ! %u!str#s)u#rt!##s )on )u)2#r# o ! 'irut#s ! t#(#ro&

Co%4n%!nt! s! !%.(!# .#r# ini)#r !( )ont!nio ! #+u#1t#%#"o ! +r#no1 +r#'!# !s.!)*?)# y (*%it!s Att!r$!r+&Muestra no disturbada: r!3ui!r!n !3ui.os !s.!)i#(!s !%u!str!o y t5)ni)#s ! .!r/or#)i-n&1 s! !$! !'it#r 3u!s!#n istur$##s ur#nt! !( %#ni.u(!o& !n!r#(%!nt! s!

!s.#)2# !n tu$os 3u! !$!n !st#r !n .osi)i-n '!rti)#(!ntro ! )ont!n!or!s !s.!)i#(!s # .ru!$# ! +o(.!s& L#s%u!str#s no istur$##s son #.ro.i##s .#r# to#s (#.ru!$#s ! (#$or#torio&


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ENSAYO DE LABORATORIO 1. Distribucin del !ama"o del #rano

S! i'i! un# %u!str# ! su!(o !n un# /r#))i-n ! +r#no +ru!so yun# /r#))i-n ! +r#no ?no (u!+o s! !t!r%in# %!),ni)#%!nt! (#istri$u)i-n ! t#%#"o ! +r#no %,s +ru!so 3u! %#((# !%.(!#no %#((#s !st,n#r (# istri$u)i-n ! t#%#"o ! +r#no !%#t!ri#( %,s ?no 3u! %#((# s! !t!r%in# %!i#nt! 2ir-%!tros& $. #ra%edad Espec&'ca

Don!: F G uni# ! .!so !( #+u#&

sG +r#'!# !s.!)*?)# ! (#s .#rt*)u(#s ! su!(o&

G !nsi# !n s!)o1 y

! G r!(#)i-n ! 2u!)os (# r!(#)i-n !( 'o(u%!n ! 2u!)os )on !( 'o(u%!n! s-(ios !n un su!(o;

(. Densidad )elati%a Don!:

Dr G !nsi# r!(#ti'#& !%#6 G r!(#)i-n ! 2u!)os !n !( !st#o %,s su!(to&

! G r!(#)i-n ! 2u!)os in situ !%in Gr!(#)i-n ! 2u!)os !n !( !st#o %,s !nso&


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*. +imites tterber-

Son !%.(!#os .#r# !t!r%in#r (# .(#sti)i# ! su!(os& E( (*%it!(*3uio !?n! !( (*%it! !ntr! (os !st#os (*3uios y .(,sti)os1 y !((*%it! .(,sti)o !ntr! (os !st#os .(,sti)os y s-(ios& . /umedad 0 Densidad

E6ist! un# r!(#)i-n !?ni# !ntr! !( )ont!nio ! #+u# ! un su!(o#( %o%!nto ! (# )o(o)#)i-n y (# )#nti# ! !s/u!r8o !)o%.#)t#)i-n r!3u!rio .#r# o$t!n!r un# !nsi# ##& Si !( su!(o!s !%#si#o 24%!o o !%#si#o s!)o1 (# !nsi# !s!##

.u!! s!r i/*)i( o i%.osi$(! ! o$t!n!r %!i#nt! %5toos nor%#(!s! )o%.#)t#)i-n& . )esistencia al corte

S! %i! %!i#nt! .ru!$#s ! )o%.r!si-n tri#6i#( o %!i#nt!.ru!$#s ! )ort! ir!)to& L#s .ru!$#s tri#6i#(!s .u!!n !?nir (#r!sist!n)i# #( )ort! t#nto $#9o )oni)ion!s )on r!n#9! )o%o sin

r!n#9! (#s .ru!$#s !st,n#r ! )ort! !n )#9#s .u!!n !?nir s-(o(# r!sist!n)i# #( )ort! $#9o )oni)ion!s )on r!n#9!&


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2. Consolidacin.

L#s .ru!$#s ! )onso(i#)i-n !t!r%in#n (# )o%.r!si$i(i# ! unsu!(o y (# t#s# # (# )u#( s!r, )onso(i#o )u#no s!# )#r+#o& &L#s os .ro.i!#!s ! su!(o 3u! +!n!r#(%!nt! s! o$ti!n! ! un#.ru!$# ! )onso(i#)i-n son C)1 !( *ni)! ! )o%.r!si-n1 3u!ini)# (# )o%.r!si$i(i# !( su!(o1 y C'1 !( )o!?)i!nt! !

)onso(i#)i-n1 3u! ini)# (# t#s# ! )o%.r!si-n $#9o )#r+#& 3. 4ermeabilidad.

E( %5too ! .ru!$# .#r# .!r%!#$i(i# !.!n! !( r#n+o !

.!r%!#$i(i# !( su!(o 3u! '# # s!r .ro$#o& E( .!r%!,%!tro !)#r+# )onst#nt! ASTM DHH; !s !%.(!#o .#r# !t!r%in#r (#.!r%!#$i(i# ! su!(os +r#nu(#r!s1 %i!ntr#s 3u! !( .!r%!,%!tro! )#r+# !s)!n!nt! !s %,s #.ro.i#o .#r# su!(os ! $#9#.!r%!#$i(i#&


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ANLISIS DE ESTABILIDAD

S! !%.(!#n %5toos on! .#rt! !n ),()u(os ! /#)tor !s!+uri#1 ,n+u(o ! t#(u1 ,n+u(o ! /ri))i-n int!rn#&

L# !st#$i(i# +!n!r#( ! (# )#n)2# ! !s%ont! !.!n! !:- To.o+r#/*# !( sitio&- P#r,%!tros +!o%!),ni)os !( !s%ont!&-

u!r8#s !6t!rn#s 3u! #)t4#n so$r! !( $ot#!ro.r!s!n)i# ! #+u# ysis%os;&- M5too ! )onstru))i-n& Un t#(u )ons!r'#or ! =&:= HK; !s r!)o%!n#o !n or!n .#r#

(# s!+uri#& E( #n,(isis .#r# )#()u(#r !( #)tor ! S!+uri# s! ((!'# # )#$o

$ii%!nsion#(%!nt! us#no !( )on)!.to ! !3ui(i$rio (i%it! y!%.(!#no !( %5too ! Bis2o. %oi?)#o&

E6ist!n .ro+r#%#s )o%o !( PCSTABL1 3u! .!r%it! !( #n,(isis !!st#$i(i# ! t#(u!s # tr#'5s !( )#()u(o ! #)tor ! S!+uri#&


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CRITERIOS PARA UNA BUENAESTABILIDAD DEL TALUD

Si !( $ot#!ro ! !s%ont! no !s /*si)#%!nt!!st#$(! s! .ro.on!n tr!s %5toos:ME!5D5S DE 6789E!S

-

S! us# !( %is%o %#t!ri#( !( $ot#!ro !!s%ont!1 %#t!ri#( ! )ort! y r!((!no s! ((!+# #!st#$i(i8#r /*si)#%!nt!&

- S! 3uit# (# so$r!)#r+# 3u! +!n!r# +r#n 'o(u%!n! %#s# !n (# .#rt! su.!rior&

- S! n!)!sit# t!n!r un# to.o+r#/*# ! .!ni!nt!$#9# !n (# .#rt! !( .i! ! t#(u&

- Es !( %5too %#s !)on-%i)o&


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ME!5D5 DE #I57ES- Es %uy us#o .#r# (# )ont!n)i-n !( .i! ! t#(u1

s! uti(i8# )o%o %uros ! )ont!n)i-n (o )u#(#yu# # no !s.(#8#r !( !s%ont!1 ,no(! un#

#(tur# #!)u## .#r# (o+r#r !( An+u(o !!st#$i(i#1 !sto .!r%it! t!n!r #(tur#s ! t#(u!s%#yor!s # (#s 3u! s! .u!! o$t!n!r )on !(%5too ! $#n3u!t#s&


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APLICACIN

L# Uni# Min!r# S#nt# Ros#1 u$i)## !n !( istrito S#nt# Ros# 0 Co((#o 0 Puno12# r!#(i8#o un is!"o ! un# )#n)2# ! !s%ont!s&P#r# !( )#()u(o ! (os /#)tor!s ! s!+uri# #( )ort! s! 2# !%.(!#o !( %5toosi%.(i?)#o ! Bis2o.1 $#s#o !n (# !t!r%in#)i-n %!i#nt! !( #n,(isis !!3ui(i$rio (i%it!1 ! (# r!(#)i-n ! (# r!sist!n)i# is.oni$(! !( su!(o #( )ort! y !(

!s/u!r8o )ort#nt! r!3u!rio .#r# %#nt!n!r !( !3ui(i$rio (i%it! # (o (#r+o !su.!r?)i!s 3u! !?n#n un %!)#nis%o .ot!n)i#( ! /#((#&S! !%.(!o un .ro+r#%# ! )o%.uto +!ot5)ni)o ! r!)ono)i# )on?#$i(i#.ro+r#%# STABL H;&E( .ro+r#%# #n#(i8# (# !st#$i(i# ! t#(u!s to%#no !n )u!nt# (#s.ro.i!#!s !( su!(o )o2!si-n y ,n+u(o ! /ri))i-n;1 (#s )#r#)t!r*sti)#s+!o%5tri)#s !( t#(u y (#s '#ri#$(!s !s!n)#!n#nt!s ! !s(i8#%i!nto&

Los .#r,%!tros r!3u!rios .#r# !( #n,(isis ! !st#$i(i# son: P!so unit#rio 24%!o 2; P!so unit#rio s#tur#o s#); Co2!si-n n+u(o ! r!sist!n)i# #( )ort!


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Los '#(or!s ! !stos .#r,%!tros s! 2#ns!(!))ion#o t!ni!no !n )onsi!r#)i-n (osr!su(t#os ! (os i'!rsos !ns#yos ! )#%.o y

(#$or#torio1 #s* )o%o (#s )oni)ion!s +!ot5)ni)#s! (# )i%!nt#)i-n&METODOLOIA DE ANALISISP#r# !( #n,(isis ! !st#$i(i# ! t#(u!s s! 2#

!%.(!#o !6)(usi'#%!nt! !( %5too si%.(i?)#o! $is2o.1 !$io # 3u! s! o$ti!n!n /#)tor!s !s!+uri# s#tis/#)torios .#r# su.!r?)i!s ! /#((#)ir)u(#r!s&


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S! )onsi!r# un# #)!(!r#)i-n %,6i%# G &H+ y.or (o 3u! .#r# !( #n,(isis .s!uo!st#tio s!)onsi!r# 3u! (# %#s# in'o(u)r## !n (# /#((# !st#

so%!ti# # un# #)!(!r#)i-n 2ori8ont#( i+u#(&=+&

Los )rit!rios ! is!"o !st#$(!)ios .#r# !( .r!s!nt!#n,(isis /u!ron (os si+ui!nt!s:- M*ni%o /#)tor ! s!+uri# !st,ti)o # (#r+o .(#8o

i+u#( # =&&- M*ni%o /#)tor ! s!+uri# .s!uo>!st#ti)o #

(#r+o .(#8o i+u#( # =&

E( .ro+r#%# r!#(i8# #n,(isis ! !st#$i(i# s!+4n !(!3ui(i$rio (i%it! $ii%!nsion#( )#()u(#no !( /#)tor! s!+uri# ! un t#(u )on '#rios !str#tos!%.(!#no !( %5too si%.(i?)#o ! Bis2o.&


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RESULTADOS DEL ANALISIS DE ESTABILIDAD DE TALUDES DELOS BOTADEROS DE DESMONTE DE MINAEn !( si+ui!nt! )u#ro s! %u!str# (os r!su(t#os !( #n,(isis

!'#(u#o # (os $ot#!ros !n !( !st#o .s!uo>!st#ti)o1 .or s!r!st#1 (# )oni)i-n %#s !s/#'or#$(!&L#s so(u)ion!s .#r# !st#$i(i8#r (os t#(u!s1 )onsist!n !n #r(!sun .!r?(#o ! in)(in#)i-n #!)u## 2#st# ((!+#r # '#(or!s S!st#$(!s&


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CONCLUSIONES P#r# r!#(i8#r un $u!n is!"o ! $ot#!ro ! !s%ont! t!n!%os

3u! r!#(i8#r !6.(or#)ion!s +!o%!)#ni)#s ! )#%.o .#r# )ono)!r(#s .ro.i!#!s /*si)o>%!),ni)#s %,s i%.ort#nt!s ! (#)i%!nt#)i-n y !( %#t!ri#( ! !s%ont! 3u! s!r, #(%#)!n#o& L#)u#( s! .u!!n us#r %5toos ! son#9!s ! P!n!tr#)i-n y!6)#'#)ion!s ! )#(i)#t#s&

E( %5too %,s #!)u#o .#r# (# !st#$i(i8#)i-n /*si)#1 ! #)u!ro

# (#s )#r#)t!r*sti)#s /*si)#s 'o(u%!n1 !%.(#8#%i!nto y )osto !!9!)u)i-n !s !( M5too ! B#n3u!t#s1 %5too !n !( )u#( s! us# !(%is%o %#t!ri#( .#r# su !st#$i(i8#)i-n1 )on %o'i%i!ntos !%#t!ri#(1 #(i'i#no (# )#r+# su.!rior y t!ni!no (# .!ni!nt! !(t#(u .#r# #o.t#r un# in)(in#)i-n !st#$(! !n )oni)ion!s!st,ti)#s y .s!uo !st,ti)#s&

Disposición de Residuos Solidos en Actividades Mineras (1)

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