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LOS MOLLES AND VACA MUERTA SOURCE ROCKS:COMPLEX HYDROCARBON-CHARGE SYSTEMS IN THE

CENTRAL DOMAIN OF THE NEUQUÉN BASIN, ARGENTINA

de PEREZ COMPANC S.A.

pluspetrol

Carlos E. Cruz, Andrés Boll, Ricardo Gómez Omil, Eduardo A. Martínez,Carlos Arregui, Carlos Gulisano, Guillermo A. Laffitte and Héctor J. Villar

Petr oleo & GasConsultor aCG

AAPG 2001 – Hedberg Research Conference – November 5-9, 2001, Mendoza, ArgentinaNew Technologies and New Play Concepts in Latin America

LA PAMPA

RIO NEGRO

CHIL

E

MENDOZA

0 60Km.

NEUQUEN

NEUQUÉN BASIN - TECTONIC SETTINGS

THR

UST

BEL

T

NORTHEASTERN

PLATFORM

EMBAYMENT

PICÚN LEUFÚ

SUB-BASIN

LA PAMPA

RIO NEGRO

CHIL

E

ARGE

NTIN

A

0 400 km200

Cruz et al., AAPG 2001 – Hedberg Research Conference – Mendoza, Argentina

LA PAMPA

RIO NEGRO

CHIL

E

MENDOZA

0 60Km.

NEUQUEN

LA PAMPA

RIO NEGRO

CHIL

E

NEUQUÉN BASIN - MAIN SOURCE ROCKS KITCHENS

LOS MOLLESMAIN RESERVOIRS: LAJAS, LOTENA& TORDILLO

VACA MUERTAMAIN RESERVOIRS: TORDILLO, QUINTUCO- LOMA MONTOSA & MULICHINCO IN NEUQUÉN.CHACHAO, NEUQUÉN GR. &TERTIARY INTRUSIVES IN MENDOZA.

AGRIOMAIN RESERVOIRS: AVILÉ & TRONCOSO

PRECUYOMAIN RESERVOIRS: LAJAS & PRECUYO

SOUTH DORSAL VACA MUERTAMAIN RESERVOIR: Qda. DEL SAPO

Modified from Legarreta et al.,1999


LA PAMPA

RIO NEGRO

CHIL

E

MENDOZA

0 60Km.

NEUQUEN

LA PAMPA

RIO NEGRO

CHIL

E

LOCATION MAP

Substantiate the good-quality hydrocarbon source of Los Molles beds in the study area.

Compare the main features of Vaca Muertaand Los Molles hydrocarbons charge systems.

Highlight the importance of Los Mollespetroleum system as contributor ofhydrocarbon accumulations.

OBJECTIVES


LA PAMPA

RIO NEGRO

CHIL

E

MENDOZA

0 60Km.

NEUQUEN

LA PAMPA

RIO NEGRO

CHIL

E

LOS MOLLES GEOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENTS

AGUADA BAGUALESLAS CHIVASCENTENARIOESTACIÓN FERNANDEZ OROBARREALES COLORADOSCERRO MOROLINDERO ATRAVESADORÍO NEUQUÉNCHARCO BAYOLA JARILLAAGUADA DE LOS INDIOS


0 6Km.

NEUQUÉN LAPAMPA

RÍONEGRO

NEUQUEN

MAIN OIL & GAS FIELDS - RESERVES & RESERVOIRS

QUINTUCOLOMA MONTOSA

CENTENARIO

TORDILLOSIERRAS BLANCAS

LOTENA

CUYO

PRECUYO

EUR

CATRIEL

0.4

11

1.10.2

0.1

0.440.13

0.1

17.3 TCF GAS

1

1

13

113

12.5

30

1248 MMB OIL1.9

3.2

0.63222

12

60.23.5

9.5

160

22

4417

0.7

1.9360

1.32.45.2

3.85.2

63

63

11


HUINCUL DORSALTO CATRIEL SHELF

SCHEMATIC CROSS SECTION&

CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CHART

VOLCANICS -TUFFS &CONTINENTAL CLASTICS

OFF SHORE - BASINAL CLASTICS

MARGINAL MARINE CLASTICS

CONTINENTAL CLASTICS

MARINE CARBONATES, EVAPORITES &CLASTICS

SHELFAL CARBONATES & CLASTICS

Pc: Precuyo; Mo: Molles; L: Lajas; Ch: Challacó;PR: Punta Rosada; Lo: Lotena; To: Tordillo;VM: Vaca Muerta; Q: Quintuco; LM: Loma MontosaCe: Centenario; Ry: Rayoso; Nqn: Neuquén; Mg: Malargüe

150

100

NqnMg

Ry

Ce

Q LMVMTo

Lo

PR

L

Mo

Ch Ch

PCPCPC200

SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY

HUINCUL DORSAL EMBAYMENT CATRIEL SHELF

CUYO GR.

PRECUYOGR.

LOTENA Fm.

TORDILLO Fm.

LOWERMENDOZA Gr.

UPPERMENDOZA Gr.

RAYOSOFm.

NEUQUÉNGr.

MALARGÜEGr.

UPP

ERLO

WER

MID

DLE

UPP

ERLO

WER

UPP

ERLO

WER

TERT.

CR

ETA

CEO

US

JUR

ASS

ICTR

IAS.

Nqn

Mg

Ry

Ce

Q

VMLo

ToPR

L

Mo

Ch

Pc

My

LM

Choiyoi

NS


0 6Km.

NEUQUÉN LAPAMPA

RÍONEGRO

0 6Km.

NEUQUÉN LAPAMPA

RÍONEGRO

LOS MOLLES VACA MUERTA

0250500

750

CATRIEL

0100200 CATRIEL

NEUQUENNEUQUEN

100

ORGANIC RICH FACIES - ISOPACH MAPS

Thickness in Meters


LAS CHIVAS - GEOCHEMICAL LOGCruz et al., AAPG 2001 – Hedberg Research Conference – Mendoza, Argentina

CENTENARIO - GEOCHEMICAL LOGCruz et al., AAPG 2001 – Hedberg Research Conference – Mendoza, Argentina

0 2 4% Ro

0 40 80HI

0 1.5S2(mg/g)

0 1.5S1(mg/g)

0 3 6TOC(%)

4000

4500

TOARCIAN LOS

MO

LLES

LAJA

S

Modified from Fernández Seveso et al., 1996

BARREALES COLORADOS - GEOCHEMICAL LOGCruz et al., AAPG 2001 – Hedberg Research Conference – Mendoza, Argentina

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY AND BIOMARKER FINGERPRINTS

Vaca Muerta Oil - Sierras Blancas Reservoir

Los Molles Oil - Lajas Reservoir

Whole oil GC Terpanes m/z 191 Steranes m/z 217

Whole oil GC Terpanes m/z 191 Steranes m/z 217


Los Molles

Phytane/nC18

Pristane/nC17

THERMAL MATURITY Oxidizing

Terrestrial O.M.

Reducing

AquaticO.M

.

10.01.00.10.1

1.0

10.0

-24-32

-23

Vaca Muerta

Los Molles

Non marineoils

Marineoils

-33δ13C saturates

δ13C aromatics

St C29

Marine Terrestrial

Vaca Muerta

Los Molles

St C28

St C27

5050

50

Gas Chromatography

CarbonIsotopes

SteraneBiomarkers

Vaca Muerta

Compositional andmolecular features

discriminatingVaca Muerta & Los Molles oils


Los Molles Fm.Oil (0.7 Ro%):130 (bottom) - 94 (top)Wet Gas & Condensate (1.3 Ro%): 94 (bottom) - 43 (top)Dry Gas (2.0 Ro%):75 (bottom)

Vaca Muerta Fm.Oil (O.7 Ro%): 80 (bottom) - 73 (top)

Los Molles Fm.Oil (0.7 Ro%): 84 (bottom) - 78 (top)

Vaca Muerta Fm.Oil (0.7 Ro%): 58 (bottom) - 54 (top)

Los Molles Fm.Oil (0.7% Ro): 63 (bottom) - 9 (top)

ONSETS OF HYDROCARBONGENERATION (My)



Neuquen Gr.Centenario Fm.Quintuco Fm.Vaca Muerta Fm.

Los Molles Fm.Pre-Cuyo

Tordillo Fm.Lajas Fm

Legend1234

5678

MATURITY WINDOWS GEOHISTORY

LAS CHIVAS LINDERO ATRAVESADO LOMA GUADALOSA


0 6Km.

NEUQUÉN LAPAMPA

RÍONEGRO

0250500

750

CATRIEL

NEUQUEN

At 0 My

1.3

0.71.0

2.0

0 6Km.

NEUQUÉN LAPAMPA

RÍONEGRO

0250500

750

CATRIEL

NEUQUEN

At 94 My

ORGANIC RICH FACIES ISOPACH AND MATURITY ZONES MAPS

0.7

1.0

1.3

Thickness in Meters - Maturity % Ro

BOTTOM LOS MOLLES


0 6Km.

NEUQUÉN LAPAMPA

RÍONEGRO

At 0 My0250

500750

CATRIEL

NEUQUEN

1.00.7

1.32.0

0 6Km.

NEUQUÉN LAPAMPA

RÍONEGRO

At 94 My0250

500750

CATRIEL

NEUQUEN



0.7

1.0

TOP LOS MOLLES


0 6Km.

NEUQUÉN LAPAMPA

RÍONEGRO

0100

200 CATRIEL

NEUQUEN100

At 94 My

0 6Km.

NEUQUÉN LAPAMPA

RÍONEGRO

0100200 CATRIEL

NEUQUEN100

At 0 My



0.7

1.0

1.3

VACA MUERTA


SE-NW CROSS SECTION AND HYDROCARBON CHARGE

Estación

Punta Rosada -

Fernández Oro Ferri

V

V

V

V V V

VV

V

V

V V

V

V

V

V

V VV

VV

VV V

V

V VVV

V

V

VV

V

V

VV

VV

V

V V V

V

V

V

VV V

V

VVV

V VVVV

V

V

V V VVV

V

V

V V

VV

V

V

VVV

B (SE) B’(NW)

EstaciónCentenario Río Neuquém El Cruce

SierrasBlancas Montuoso

Borde

0

Rayoso

Precuyo

Vaca Muerta

Malargüe

Neuquén

Centenario

Quintuco

Tordillo

Lajas

Los Molles

Choiyoi

1000 m

500

0

10 20 30 Km

Lotena

ESTACIÓNFERNANDEZ ORO

ESTACIÓNFERRI CENTENARIO RÍO

NEUQUÉNEL CRUCE

SIERRASBLANCAS

BORDEMONTUOSO

SL

0.7% Ro

1% Ro

1.3% Ro

2% Ro


SW-NE CROSS SECTION AND HYDROCARBON CHARGE

VV

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

VV

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

VV

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V VV

V

V

V

V

VV

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

VV

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

VV

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

VV

V

LAS CHIVAS LINDEROATRAVESADO

PUESTO SILVAEL CRUCE

LOMAGUADALOSA

CHARCOBAYO MEDANITO

0.7% Ro

1% Ro

1.3% Ro

2% Ro

??


MIGRATION PATTERNS

VOLCANICS -TUFFS &CONTINENTAL CLASTICS

OFF SHORE - BASINALCLASTICS

MARGINAL MARINE CLASTICS

CONTINENTAL CLASTICSMARINE CARBONATES, EVAPORITES & CLASTICS

SHELFAL CARBONATES& CLASTICS

NqnMg

Ry

Ce

Q

VMLo

To PR

L

Mo

Pc

LM

Choiyoi

S N

MIGRATION PATHWAY

MIGRATION BLOCKED

NON RESERVOIR TO POORRESERVOIR CONDITIONS


0 6Km.

NEUQUÉN

RÍONEGRO

CATRIEL

NEUQUEN

VACA MUERTA KITCHEN AND MIGRATION PATHWAYS

60 Km.

70 Km.

70 Km.

20 Km.

4 Km.

4 Km.

7 Km.

LAPAMPA


CATRIEL

5Km.

NEUQUEN

LOS MOLLES KITCHEN AND MIGRATION PATHWAYS

0 6Km.

NEUQUÉN

RÍONEGRO

LAPAMPA


Oil prone source, type I/II, amorphous kerogen.

Marine anoxic

FACTS & CONCLUSIONS

Thick succession with asymmetrical distribution – thicker section closer to

Huincul Dorsal (rift related fault systeminverted during Jurassic-Cretaceous).

VACA MUERTALOS MOLLES

Mixed oil/gas source –Type II/III amorphous & structured kerogen.

Marine reducing to suboxic withvariable terrestrial input.

Poor petrophysical conditions of associated carriers disfavorlateral migration.

Fault systems favor vertical migration.

Mostly in gas/condensate zone(VRE 1.3 – 2%). Peak to late oil stage in

Dorsal northern flank.

Tabular and

symmetrical distribution.

Excellent quality associated carriers.Long distance lateral migrations.

Mostly in the oil window(VRE 0.7 – 1%).


Oil generation and expulsion beganaround 80 my.

FACTS & CONCLUSIONS

Oil generation and expulsion beganaround 130 my in deeper positions.

VACA MUERTALOS MOLLES

Tordillo/Lotena gas/condensate occurrence where Vaca Muerta is early/mid mature could be:

Vaca Muerta hydrocarbons extensive migrations Los Molles gassy hydrocarbons contribution

Hydrocarbons mostly trapped in Cuyo reservoirs.

Hydrocarbons mostly trapped in Tordillo and Quintuco reservoirs.


THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION !!!!!!

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