VERB TO BE – ser o estar

Present

am

is

are

was

were

Past

Recuerda: VERBO TO BE PRESENTE

AFIRMATIVOFORMA SIN CONTRAER

FORMA CONTRAIDA

ESPAÑOL

I am

You are

He is

She is

It is

We are

You are

They are

I’m

You’re

He’s

She’s

It’s

We’re

You’re

They’re

Yo soy / Yo estoy

Tú eres / Tú estás

Él es / El está

Ella es / Ella está

Esto es / Esto está

Nosotros somos / estamos

Vosotros sois / estáis

Ellos son / están

VERBO TO BE PRESENTENEGATIVO

FORMA SIN CONTRAER

FORMA CONTRAIDA

ESPAÑOL

I am not

You are not

He is not

She is not

It is not

We are not

You are not

They are not

I’m not

You aren’t

He isn’t

She isn’t

It isn’t

We aren’t

You aren’t

They aren’t

Yo no soy / Yo no estoy

Tú no eres / Tú no estás

Él no es / El no está

Ella no es / Ella no está

Esto no es / Esto no está

Nosotros no somos/no estamos

Vosotros no sois/no estáis

Ellos no son /no están

VERBO TO BE PRESENTEINTERROGATIVO

FORMA SIN CONTRAER

FORMA CONTRAIDA ESPAÑOL

Am I…?

Are you…?

Is he…?

Is she…?

Is it…?

Are we…?

Are you…?

Are they…?

¿Soy yo…? / ¿Estoy yo…?

¿Eres tú…? / ¿Estás tú…?

¿Es él…? / ¿Está él…?

¿Es ella…? / ¿Está ella…?

¿Es esto…? / ¿Está esto …?

¿Somos / Estamos

nosotros…?

¿Sois / Estáis vosotros…?

¿Son ellos…? / ¿Están ellos…?

VERBO TO BE PASADOAFIRMATIVO

El verbo be es el único verbo que tiene dos formas en el pasado WAS Y WERE

FORMA SIN CONTRAER

FORMA CONTRAIDA

ESPAÑOL

I was

You were

He was

She was

It was

We were

You were

They were

Yo era / Yo estaba

Tú eras / Tú estabas

Él era / El estaba

Ella era / Ella estaba

Esto era / Esto estaba

Nosotros éramos/estábamos

Vosotros erais / estáis

Ellos eran / estaban

VERBO TO BE PASADONEGATIVO

Para formar oraciones negativas se añade not después de be

FORMA SIN CONTRAER

FORMA CONTRAIDA

ESPAÑOL

I was not

You were not

He was not

She was not

It was not

We were not

You were not

They were not

I wasn’t

You weren’t

He wasn’t

She wasn’t

It wasn’t

We weren’t

You weren’t

They weren’t

Yo no era /estaba

Tú no eras / estabas

Él no era /estaba

Ella no era / estaba

Esto no era /estaba

Nosotros no éramos/estábamos

Vosotros no erais /estáis

Ellos no eran / estaban

VERBO TO BE PASADOINTERROGATIVO

Para formar oraciones interrogativas se invierten el sujeto y el verbo

FORMA SIN CONTRAER

FORMA CONTRAIDA ESPAÑOL

Was I…?

Were you…?

Was he…?

Was she…?

Was it…?

Were we…?

Were you…?

Were they…?

¿Era / Estaba yo…?

¿Eras / Estabas tú…?

¿Era / Estaba él…?

¿Era / Estaba ella…?

¿Era / Estaba esto…?

¿Éramos /Estábamos nosotros…?

¿Erais / Estabais vosotros…?

¿Eran / Estaban ellos…?

PASADO SIMPLE• ¿Cuándo se utiliza el Pasado Simple?

• Se utiliza para hablar de algo que ocurrió en el pasado

Yesterday / last… / ago

• I saw you yesterday (Yo te vi ayer)

• I watched a film last night. (Yo vi una pelicula anoche)

• I came here two years ago (Yo vine aquí hace dos años)

Did

Verbo auxiliar

Oraciones negativas

I didn’t talk to Sarah

Oraciones interrogati

vas

Did you talk to Sarah?

Pasado del verbo “do”

(hacer)

I did my homework yesterday

PASADO SIMPLEVERBOS

REGULARESVERBOS

IRREGULARES

+Añadir -ed

You played football yesterdayTu jugaste al futbol ayer

Lista verbos irregulares

I saw John yesterday

Yo vi a John ayer

-Did not/didn’t + verbo en infinitivo sin “to”

You didn’t play basketball yesterday

Tu no jugaste al baloncesto ayer

I didn’t see John yesterday

Yo no vi a John ayer

?Did + sujeto + verbo en infinitivo sin “to”

Did you play basketball

yesterday?

¿Jugaste al baloncesto ayer?

Did you see John yesterday?

¿Viste tu a John ayer?

PASADO SIMPLE AFIRMATIVO• ¿Cómo se forma el Pasado Simple?

VERBOS REGULARES VERBOS IRREGULARES

La forma afirmativa se forma añadiendo -ed al verbo.

Like Liked

Love Loved

Work Worked

Look Looked

Play Played

I played football yesterday

(yo jugué al futbol ayer)

El pasado de los verbos irregulares varía según el verbo. Es necesario aprenderse la lista de los verbos irregulares

Buy Bought (comprar)

Come Came (venir)

Do Did (hacer)

See Saw (ver)

I bought a book yesterday

(Yo compré un libro ayer)

PASADO SIMPLE AFIRMATIVO

VERBOS REGULARES VERBOS IRREGULARES

Love Loved

Work Worked

Look Looked

Play Played

Visit visited

Watch watched

Live lived

Want wanted

Finish finished

Arrive arrived

Plan planned

Begin began

Buy bought

Come came

Do did

Drink Drank

Drive drove

Eat ate

Find found

Get up got up

Go went

Have had

PASADO SIMPLE AFIRMATIVO

VERBOS REGULARES – Reglas ortográficas•Los verbos que acaban en –e solamente se le añade –

d

(llegar) Arrive arrived

(Explorar) Explore explored

•Verbos que terminan en vocal consonante doblan la consonante y se añade –ed.

(planear) Plan planned

(Parar) Stop stopped

•Verbos que terminan en consonante +y eliminan la –y añaden –ied.

(estudiar) Study studied

(llevar) Carry carried

PASADO SIMPLE AFIRMATIVO

Verbos que terminan en:

se le añade

Ejemplos

-e -d Arrive arrivedExplore explored

Consonante + y y ied Study studiedCarry carried

Vocal + consonante x2 +ed

Plan plannedStop stopped

VERBOS REGULARES Esquema reglas de ortografía

PASADO SIMPLE AFIRMATIVO

VERBOS REGULARES – PronunciaciónPara pronunciar el pasado de los verbos regulares sigue estas tres reglas simples y no te equivocarás:

1. Pronuncia una / d / si el verbo termina en sonido vocal o

consonante (excepto / d /).

played cleaned opened listened loved

2. Pronuncia una / t / si el verbo termina en sonido consonante

(excepto / t /).

watched hiked fixed missed walked asked washed

3. Se pronuncia / id / si el sonido final del verbo es / d /

o / t /.

Invited visited started attended skated hated

PASADO SIMPLE AFIRMATIVO

VERBOS REGULARESPlay (jugar) - played

VERBOS IRREGULARESGo (ir)-went

I played

You played

He played

She played

It played

We played

You played

They played

I went

You went

He went

She went

It went

We went

You went

They went

PASADO SIMPLE NEGATIVO

VERBOS REGULARES VERBOS IRREGULARES I didn’t play

You didn’t play

He didn’t play

She didn’t play

It didn’t play

We didn’t play

You didn’t play

They didn’t play

I didn’t go

You didn’t go

He didn’t go

She didn’t go

It didn’t go

We didn’t go

You didn’t go

They didn’t go

Para formar oraciones negativas en pasado se utiliza “did”. “Did” es el pasado del verbo auxiliar do

Observa que el verbo no varía su forma con ninguno de los pronombres tanto con los verbos regulares como los irregulares.

Sujeto V. Auxiliar + not

Verbo Complementos

I didn’t speak English

PASADO SIMPLE INTERROGATIVO

VERBOS REGULARES VERBOS IRREGULARES Did I play…?

Did you play …?

Did he play …?

Did she play …?

Did it play …?

Did we play …?

Did you play …?

Did they play …?

Did I go…?

Did you go …?

Did he go …?

Did she go …?

Did it go …?

Did we go …?

Did you go …?

Did they go …?

Para formar oraciones interrogativas en pasado se utiliza “did”. “Did” es el pasado del verbo auxiliar do.

Observa que el verbo no varía su forma con ninguno de los pronombres tanto con los verbos regulares como los irregulares.

V. Auxiliar Sujeto Verbo Complementos

Did you like the film?

PASADO SIMPLE: ACTIVIDADES• Transforma estas oraciones en interrogativas

1. She was late. Was she late?2. My parents were at home

Were my parents at home?3. They watched TV yesterday evening.

Did they watch TV yesterday evening?4. Sue looked at their photos. Did she look at their photos?5. My cousins took the bus.

Did my cousins take the bus?

PASADO SIMPLE: ACTIVIDADES• Transforma estas oraciones en negativas.

1. Fred called a taxi. Fred didn’t call a taxi.2. He was very angry.

He wasn’t very angry.3. My father arrived before dinner.

My father didn’t arrive before dinner.4. Betty liked the film. Betty didn’t like the film.5. We were tired.

We weren’t tired.

PASADO SIMPLE: ACTIVIDADES• Contesta estas preguntas con la respuesta corta

1. Did your sisters bring their rackets?. Yes… Yes they did2. Did you like this book? No…

No I didn’t3. Were you tired yesterday? No…

No I wasn’t4. Did the teacher talk to you? Yes… Yes he did5. Was the window open? Yes…

Yes it was