Inteligencia o inteligencias

7/25/2019 Inteligencia o inteligencias

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[email protected]

ASPIRANTE: ALEJANDRA VIN!LI.".I.#.$%&.'%%.' ENERA"I(N. #&').*on+evi,eo- & ,e mar/o ,e #&'$.

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO CEDIIAP

ESPECIALIZACIN EN APRENDIZAJE.

MONOGRAFA DE TITULACIN.

INTELIGENCIA INTELIGENCIAS?

VALOR DE LA INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL EN LA

ACTUALIDAD.


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Contenido

INTRODUCCIN............................................................................................................................2

ORIGEN, NATURALEZA Y DESARROLLO HISTRICO DEL CONCEPTO DE

INTELIGENCIA...........................................................................................................................3

La Psicolo!a E"#$%i&$'(al)......................................................................................................*

La Psicolo!a Di+$%$'cial).........................................................................................................*

La Psicolo!a G$'(ica..............................................................................................................-La I'($li$'cia c%is(alia/a s$ $'c0$'(%a +0'/a&$'(al&$'($ co's(i(0i/a #o% a#(i(0/$s

%$la(i1as a) la co%$'si' 1$%al, $l $s(al$ci&i$'(o /$ %$lacio'$s s$&4'(icas, la $1al0aci'

5 1alo%iaci' /$ la $"#$%i$'cia, $l $s(al$ci&i$'(o /$ 60icios 5 co'cl0sio'$s,los

co'oci&i$'(os &$c4'icos o la o%i$'(aci' $s#acial..................................................................7

8LA O LAS INTELIGENCIAS9....................................................................................................:;

INTELIGENCIAS

CR?TICAS A LA TEOR?A DE LAS INTELIGENCIAS


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INTRODUCCIN

E' $l i&ai'a%io social sol$&os alla% la 'oci' /$ I'($li$'cia co&o $0i1al$'($ al

0$' /$s$$o $' $l 4%$a /$ las &a($&4(icas 5 /$l l$'0a6$. Es #o% $s(a %a', 0$ $l #%$s$'($

(%aa6o &o'o%4+ico (i$'$ #o% #%i'ci#al$s o6$(i1os) i/$'(i+ica% $l co'c$#(o ac(0al 5 /$s&i(i+ica/o

/$l (%&i'o) I'($li$'cia, as! co&o i'+$%i% $' #a%(ic0la%, los a%0&$'(os a +a1o% /$l 1alo% /$ la

I'($li$'cia E&ocio'al $' la ac(0ali/a/.

Co' $s($ $s(0/io, $'(o'c$s, s$ 0sca 1isl0&%a% los co'c$#(os /$) I'($li$'cia,

I'($li$'cias


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&al, la i'($li$'cia #0$/$ 'o ($'$% la &$'o% io%(a'cia c0a'/o /o&i'a' las $&ocio'$s. Es(a

$s a s0 1$ coa%(i/a #o% JGa%/'$%) :>F3K.

ORIGEN, NATURALEZA Y DESARROLLO HISTRICO DEL CONCEPTO DEINTELIGENCIA

Pa%a #o/$% ao%/a% $l co'c$#(o /$ I'($li$'cia E&ocio'al $s io%(a'($ co'oc$% c04l

a si/o s0 /$sa%%ollo 5 s0s /i+$%$'($s ac$#cio'$s a lo la%o /$ la is(o%ia.

Si i$' $' $l silo BIB co' la a#a%ici' /$ la Psicolo!a s($ #asa a $s(a% /$'(%o /$ s0

o6$(o /$ $s(0/io, /$$&os %$co'oc$% 0$ 5a los %i$os s$ c0$s(io'a%o' ac$%ca /$l &is&o.

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soci$/a/$s, co&$'c$&os #o% $l /$sa%%ollo is(%ico /$l co'c$#(o I'($li$'cia.

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/$l #%i&$% lao%a(o%io /$ Psicolo!a $' L$i#i, co&i$'a 0'a $(a#a $' la 0$ la I'($li$'cia s$

s0&a a s0s i'1$s(iacio'$s.

E' :>2: $"#$%(os co&o To%'/iM$, T$%&a', Pi'('$%, oo/%o, i'($'(a' /a% 0'

si'i+ica/o al (%&i'o, as! co&o co'oc$% las $s(%0c(0%as o #%oc$sos 0$ i'($%1i$'$' $' $l ac(o

i'($li$'($. P$%o 0'a 1$ &4s 0$/aa' al0'as #osicio'$s si' co'si/$%a%s$ %$#%$s$'(a/asJI'($lli$'c$ a'/ is( &$as0%$&$'() :>2::, $' FF) :>K

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#$'sa&i$'(o as(%ac(o, Pi'('$% a+i%& 0$ s$ (%a(aa /$ La ca#aci/a/ /$ a/a#(a%s$

a/$c0a/a&$'($ $' la 1i/a a si(0acio'$s %$la(i1a&$'($ '0$1as, &i$'(%as oo/%o $"#lica 0$ $s)

La ca#aci/a/ /$ a/0i%i% ca#aci/a/. Ji/$&K

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' S$ (%a(a /$ 0' Siosio c$l$%a/o $' $l :>2: 5 c05os %$s0l(a/os +0$%o' #0lica/os $' 0'a coilaci'

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&is&a. S$ i/$'(i+ica' $'(o'c$s)

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5 $l coo%(a&i$'(o i'($li$'($.

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1 E' $l 'i1$l i'+$%io% $s(4' si(0a/as las a#(i(0/$s $s#$c!+icas.

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&0cos co'c$#(os, los 'ios #%o%$sa' a (%a1s /$ 0'a s$c0$'cia /$ $s(a/os /$

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/$ i'($li$'cias #%o#0$s(as #o% Ga%/'$% $' $l o%/$' a'($s &$'cio'a/o. I'cl0i% a/$&4s co'c$#(os

/$ '$0%o#sicolo!a.

INTELIGENCIAS MLTIPLES

'&


12/33

''

Figura 1


13/33

'#

I'($li$'cia Lico


14/33

'

Al %$+$%i%'os a la I'($li$'cia F3K

/ic$ 0$) As! co&o 0'o #0$/$ /$s&$'0a% 0'a s$%i$ /$ 'i1$l$s /$ l$'0a6$s, as! (a&i', $' $l

cao /$ la &sica, #0$/$ $"a&i'a% la s$'siili/a/ a los (o'os o +%as$s i'/i1i/0al$s, #$%o

(a&i' &i%a% c&o s$ ll$1a' $'(%$ s! 5 $'ca6a' $' $s(%0c(0%as &0sical$s &a5o%$s 0$ &0$s(%a'

s0s #%o#ias %$las /$ o%a'iaci'.

La I'($li$'cia I'(%a#$%so'al. Ti$'$ s0 asi$'(o $' las %$io'$s /$ /o&i'io) li'!s(ico,

lico 5 %$+l$"i1o. Es co&' alla%la $' 'ios i'(%o1$%(i/os, co' 0' %ico &0'/o i'($%io% 0$/is+%0(a' /$ la sol$/a/ 5 /$ la l$c(0%a. Pa%a $s(os 'ios s$%!a aco's$6al$ ac(i1i/a/$s 0$ ($'a'

0$ 1$% co' la %$+l$"i' so%$ las %a'/$s #%$0'(as /$ la 1i/a.

Ga%/'$% sos(i$'$ la $"is($'cia /$ 0'a /$ las i'($li$'cias &4s io%(a'($s #a%a l, la

I'($%#$%so'al. Uicaci' $' las %$io'$s +0'cio'al$s /$l $&is+$%io /$%$co 0$ #a%(ici#a' $' las

aili/a/$s co&0'ica(i1as 4sicas 5 %$io'$s #%$ +%o'(al$s $'ca%a/as /$ la a/&i'is(%aci' /$

%$c0%sos co'i(i1os al s$%1icio /$ o6$(i1os social$s.

Es(a i'($li$'cia $s $' 0$'a &$/i/a as$ #a%a la I'($li$'cia E&ocio'al #o%0$ #$%&i($

$s(al$c$% %$lacio'$s co' los /$&4s $' +o%&a $+ica. S0$l$ /a%s$ $' cicos $"(%o1$%(i/os,

ca%is&4(icos, si(icos 5 s$/0c(o%$s.

Es(os 'ios so' $(icos 5 /$$%!a&os #o/$% i/$'(i+ica%los 5a 0$ s0 +0$%($ $s(4 $' la

ca#aci/a/ /$ ac(0a% co&o &$/ia/o% $' co'+lic(os, %$sol1$% #%ol$&as, i'+l0i% $' las /$cisio'$s 5

as0&i% $l li/$%ao /$l co'60'(o.

D$($%&i'a i'($%$s$s 1ocacio'al$s #o% las ac(i1i/a/$s /$ s$%1icio social, /$ %$lacio'$s

#licas, li/$%ao, /$ %$#%$s$'(aci'.

El l(i&o (i#o /$ i'($li$'cia $' s$% $"#0$s(o #o% Ga%/'$%, $s la Na(0%alis(a. Os$%1a%,

clasi+ica%, #la'($a% 5 co%oa% i#($sis %$+$%i/as al &$/io a&i$'($.

'


15/33

'0

S$ #0$/$ #o($'cia% (%aa6os $' #%o5$c(os so%$ as#$c(os 1a%ia/os co&o la $'$%!a, los ciclos

/$l a0a, la ca/$'a ali&$'(icia, &$/ici'a 0&a'a o a'i&al, 0$ o5 so' (a' acla&a/os $' las

i's(i(0cio'$s.

A $s(a clasi+icaci' /$ Ga%/'$% s$ a%$a' o(%as co&o la 0$ #la'($a la D%a. Cs#$/$s

J2;:;K 0$ %$co'oc$ la INTELIGENCIA ESPIRITUAL 0$ ca%ac($%ia% $' $l si0i$'($

ca#!(0lo.

INTELIGENCIA ESPIRITUAL:Cs#$/$s J2;;FK. A#a%$'($&$'($ $s($ (al$'(o 'aci co'

los #%i&$%os o&%$s 5 a5a ($'i/o 0$ 1$% co' la %$laci' $'(%$ s0 &0'/o i'($%'o $&ocio'al 5

$l co'i(i1o 0$ $"#$%i&$'(aa' aso&%o a'($ la &a%a1illosa 'a(0%al$a.

Si(0acio'$s co&o) la #0$s(a /$ sol, $l a%co!%is, los 4%ol$s co' +%0(os, $l 'aci&i$'(o /$ 0'

'io, la ca#aci/a/ /$ $s(al$c$% %$lacio'$s /$ a50/a %$c!#%oca co' los a'i&al$s, +0$%o' c%$a'/o

$s($ s$'(i&i$'(o i'icial&$'($ /i+0so $ i'/$+i'il$.

La I'($li$'cia $&ocio'al co&i$'a as! co&o) 0'a i'0i$(0/ 0$ 1a co'1i%(i'/os$ $' 0'

oo s0(il 5 #%o+0'/o, 0' c%$ci$'($ s$'(i&i$'(o /$ #a, s$%$'i/a/. Ta&i' $l s$'(i% 0$ 0'a

coa!a #%o($c(o%a i'1isil$ $s(4 c$%ca'a 5 a s0 1$ la co'1icci' /$ $s(a% +o%&a'/o #a%($ /$

(o/os $s(os +$'&$'os aso&%osos. El $'co'(%a% s$'(i/o a la $"is($'cia /$l a0a, #a%a cal&a% s$%

a los +%0(os 0$ sacia' s0 a&%$, $l$14'/os$ /$ $s($ &o/o as(a las $s(%$llas, #%$0'(4'/os$ /$

/'/$ 1i$'$ (o/o 5 as(a /'/$ ll$a.

Es($ s$'(i&i$'(o /$ %$1$%$'cia a'($ (a' aso&%osa $%$sa, /io #aso a la 'oci' /$ losagrado. La c$%($a /$ s$% #a%($ /$ $s$ U'i1$%so o%/$'a/o, +0$ o%ii'a'/o $l sentido de

trascendencia. La #$%c$#ci' /$ 'o $s(a% solos, /$ sa$%s$ #%o($i/os $' +o%&a i'1isil$,

#$%&i(i 0$ s$ o%ii'as$ $l s$'(i&i$'(o /$ fe. Es(a +$ $' 0' s$% s0#$%io% 60'(o co' la

'0


16/33

')

%$liiosi/a/ /i$%o' 'aci&i$'(o a la /i&$'si' $s#i%i(0al, %aa/a $' los $'$s, $s#$%a'/o

$%&i'a% 5 /a% o%i$' a 0' o&%$ /$ +$ #%o+0'/a, %$1$%$'($ a'($ la 'a(0%al$a.

Es($ (al$'(o co&o lo lla&a Cs#$/$s J2;;:K, $s(4 #%$s$'($ $' ca/a 'io a #$sa% /$ 0$

$' ci$%(os /$ $llos, #a%$c$ s$% $l $6$ 0$ a%(ic0la s0 #$%so'ali/a/. So' 'ios 0$ /$s/$ &05#$0$os &0$s(%a')

1 E"(%$&a s$'siili/a/ $s((ica.1 s0$/a #$%&a'$'($ /$ la a%&o'!a 5 /$ la 60s(icia.1 U' %ico &0'/o i'($%io%.1 G%a' ca#aci/a/ %$+l$"i1a.1 R$s#$(o #%o+0'/o 5 %$1$%$'($ a'($ la 'a(0%al$a.1 A&o% coasi1o acia los a'i&al$s, a'cia'os, $'+$%&os, /oli$'($s.1 U'a #$'$(%a'($ $ ilacal$ &i%a/a c%!(ica +%$'($ al a/0l(o 5 s0s i'co's$c0$'cias.1 E' ocasio'$s, 0'a $"(%$&a s$'siili/a/, 0$ l$s #%o1oca lac$%a'($ /olo% #s!0ico, $l c0al

0' /is(a'($ 'o o#aca 'i a(0%/$ s0 co's(a'($ oo +%$'($ a la 1i/a.

')


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'$

CRTICAS A LA TEORA DE LAS INTELIGENCIAS MLTIPLES

A'alic$&os las +o%(al$as 5 /$ili/a/$s /$l &o/$lo #%$s$'(a/o #o% Ga%/'$%, J:>F3K.

Co&o +o%(al$a, /$'o(a 0'a '0$1a #$%s#$c(i1a) la /$ 0$ la I'($li$'cia s$ /a $' 0'

$s0$&a /$ /$sa%%ollo io#sicolico. Dica 'oci' s$ o#o'$ a la 1isi' &4s (%a/icio'al 0$

ac!a i'ca#i $' lo 0$ l$ +al(aa al al0&'o, &as 0$ $' lo 0$ #o/%!a /$sa%%olla% si s$ lo

$s(i&0la.

Lo 'o1$/oso /$ $s(a $%$sa #la'($a/a #o% Ga%/'$% 'o $1i(a%4 0$ s$ l$ aa' ci$%(as

c%!(icas '$a(i1as, co&o 1$%$&os a co'(i'0aci')

1. Est! basada m!s en la intuicin ue en los datos empricos.

Ga%/'$% %$caa $s(a c%!(ica, 5 $s(al$c$ 0'a s$%i$ /$ /a(os 5 c%i($%ios /$ 1ali/aci' $!%ica,

a0'0$ %$co'oc$ 0$ s(os so' s0sc$#(il$s si$%$ /$ s$% %$1isa/os.

#. $o representa nada novedoso.

R$+$%i%s$ a las i'($li$'cias a lo 0$ $' #sicolo!a s$ a lla&a/o (al$'(os, Jlos &4s

'o&%a/os) $l (al$'(o &0sical 5 $l Mi'$s(sicoK a si/o &o(i1o /$ /is#0(a (a&i'. A0'0$

Ga%/'$% a a+i%&a/o #o/$% lla&a% a s(as l(i&as (al$'(os, co' (al /$ 0$ s$ lla&a%a (al$'(o

(a&i', al %ao'a&i$'(o lico o li'!s(ico.

%. $o es v!lida porue no se pueden medir las inteligencias.

Lo 0$ 'o s$ #0$/$ $s &$/i% /$s/$ 0'a perspectiva psicom&trica, /o'/$ s$ o(i$'$' /a(os /$

#%0$as $s(a'/a%ia/as o($'i/os $' co'($"(os a%(i+icial$s 0$ slo $s(a%!a' $1al0a'/o /$s(%$as

licas 5 1$%al$s.

'$


18/33

'2

El &is&o Ga%/'$% s$ #la'($ la #osiili/a/ /$ %$alia% 0'a a($%!a /$ ($s( #a%a alla% la

co%%$laci' $'(%$ #0'(0acio'$s /$ 1a%ias #%0$as, #$%o la /$sca%( al co'si/$%a% 0$ #o/%!a

ll$1a% al $(i0$(a/o.

Pa%a Ga%/'$%, el me'or modo de evaluar las inteligencias m(ltiples de los alumnos

consiste en observarlos manipulando los sistemas de smbolos de cada inteligencia.

)bservar a los alumnos resolviendo problemas o creando productos en conte*tos reales

proporciona la me'or imagen de sus competencias en las materias ue se ense+an en el

colegio. JA%&s(%o', T. 2;;7K.

La $1al0aci' /$ las i'($li$'cias &l(i#l$s s$ asa #o% (a'(o $' la os$%1aci' 5 $'

la /oc0&$'(aci', 5 lo 0$ (%a(a $s /$ coa%a% al al0&'o co'sio &is&o

. La independencia de las inteligencias - la no e*istencia de un factor com(n.

U' #0'(o 0$ s$ a c%i(ica/o &0co $s $l $6$ c$'(%al /$ la ($o%!a /$ Ga%/'$% 0$ s$ %$+i$%$ a la

independencia - separacin de las inteligencias.To/os los s$%$s 0&a'os las (i$'$', $' &a5o% o

&$'o% &$/i/a, 5 a0'0$ #a%a la &a5o%!a /$ (a%$as s$ '$c$si(a' &4s /$ 0'a (%aa6a'/o 60'(as,

ca/a 0'a /$ $llas $s i'/$#$'/i$'($ /$ la o(%a.

Elfallo de ardner$s(4 $' co'si/$%a% 0$ (o/as las #osicio'$s #sico&(%icas co'si/$%a' la

i'($li$'cia co&o 0' co's(%0c(o 0'i(a%io, 5a 0$ $l &o/$lo /o&i'a'($ $' los l(i&os aos $s 0'

&o/$lo 6$%4%0ico, /o'/$ 0' +ac(o% $'$%al /$ i'($li$'cia JK $s(4 #o% $'ci&a /$ /os (i#os /$

i'($li$'cias J1$%al 5 &a($&4(icaK 0$ a s0 1$ (i$'$' #o% /$a6o &l(i#l$s ca#aci/a/$s

i'($l$c(0al$s.

Ga%/'$%, $' $sc%i(os #os($%io%$s, a %$s(a/o io%(a'cia $' s0 ($o%!a al $co /$ 0$ lasi'($li$'cias s$ co'si/$%$' i'/$#$'/i$'($s.

'2


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'3

INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL

Co&o +0$ ci(a/o $' $l ca#!(0lo #%$c$/$'($, Ga%/'$% /$s(aca /os (i#os /$ i'($li$'cia

#$%so'al) la interpersonal, 0$ #$%&i($ co%$'/$% a los /$&4s, 5 la intrapersonal, 0$ #$%&i($

co'+i0%a% 0'a i&a$' +i$l 5 1$%/a/$%a /$ 0'o &is&o.

D$ +o%&a &4s $s#$c!+ica, 5 si0i$'/o $l s$'/$%o ai$%(o #o% Ga%/'$%, $' :>>; los

#sicloos P$($% /alove-/$ la U'i1$%si/a/ /$ Ha%1a%/ 5 Qo'0a-er/$ la U'i1$%si/a/ /$ N$

Hasi%$, 0(ilia' $l (%&i'o #a%a %$+$%i%s$ a las cualidades ue se consideran necesarias

para tener &*ito. Y 0$ l0$o Da'i$l Gol$&a', J:>>-K a (%a1s /$ s0 o%a, E&o(io'al

I'($lli$'c$ ils $' la co'ci$'cia #lica.

A0' c0a'/o $l (%&i'o i'($li$'cia $&ocio'al a co&$'a/o a 0(ilia%s$ co&'&$'($ $'

+o%&a %$ci$'($, la i'1$s(iaci' $' $s(a 4%$a 'o $s 0' +$'&$'o '0$1o. E' los l(i&os ci'c0$'(a

aos s$ a' ll$1a/o a cao &il$s /$ $s(0/ios %$lacio'a/os co' $l /$sa%%ollo /$ las ca#aci/a/$s /$l

CE $' los 'ios.

P$($% Salo1$5 a o%a'ia/o las i'($li$'cias #$%so'al$s $' ci'co co$($'cias #%i'ci#al$s V $'

(%&i'os /$ Ga%/'$% i'cl0i%!a a la i'($li$'cia i'(%a#$%so'al $ i'($%#$%so'al , $llas so')

:. co'oci&i$'(o /$ las #%o#ias $&ocio'$s, JA0(oco'oci&i$'(oK2. ca#aci/a/ /$ co'(%ola% $s(as l(i&as, JA0(oco'(%olK3. ca#aci/a/ /$ &o(i1a%s$ 0'o &is&o, JE'(0sias&oK

*. %$co'oci&i$'(o /$ las $&ocio'$s a6$'as.JEa(!aK-. co'(%ol /$ las %$lacio'$s.

$a&os $' 0 co'sis($ ca/a 0'a)

1. utoconocimiento.

El #%o#io Ga%/'$% a /ico 0$ en la vida cotidiana no e*iste nada m!s importante ue la

inteligencia intrapersonal, -a ue a falta de ella, no acertaremos en la eleccin de la pare'a conuien vamos a contraer matrimonio, en la eleccin del puesto de traba'o, etc&tera.

Las $&ocio'$s 'os ac$' s$% 1$%/a/$%a&$'($ 0&a'os, $' $l s$'(i/o /$ la co$"is($'cia /$

la &$'($ 0$ si$'($ 5 la &$'($ 0$ #i$'sa. JGol$&a', :>>-K.

'3


20/33

'%

utocontrol. Los %i$os lla&aa'sofros-ne a la 1i%(0/ co'sis($'($ $' el cuidado - la

inteligencia en el gobierno de la propia vida a s0 1$, los %o&a'os 5 la il$sia c%is(ia'a #%i&i(i1a

/$'o&i'aa' temperancia J($la'aK a la ca#aci/a/ /$ co'($'$% $l $"c$so $&ocio'al. El

o&%$ #%0/$'($ /$ A%is(($l$s, $%a a0$l ca#a /$ i/$'(i+ica% $l 60s(o &$/io. Es(o l$

#$%&i(!a o$%'a%s$ a s! &is&o 5 co'(%ola% ilsos 5 #asio'$s, '$c$sa%io #a%a la 1i/a $'

soci$/a/

As!, $l a%($ /$ co'($'$%s$, /$ /o&i'a% los a%%$a(os $&ocio'al$s 5 /$ cal&a%s$ a 0'o &is&o

a ll$a/o a s$% i'($%#%$(a/o #o% #sicloos /$ la al(0%a /$ D. . i''ico(( co&o $l &4s

+0'/a&$'(al /$ los %$c0%sos #sicolicos. Y co&o a /$&os(%a/o 0'a #%o+0sa i'1$s(iaci',

JZill&a'K $s(as aili/a/$s s$ #0$/$' a#%$'/$% 5 /$sa%%olla%, $s#$cial&$'($ $' los aos /$ la

i'+a'cia $' los 0$ $l c$%$%o $s(4 $' #$%#$(0a a/a#(aci'.

Entusiasmo Haili/a/$s $&ocio'al$s co&o $l $'(0sias&o, $l 0s(o #o% lo 0$ s$ ac$ o $l

o#(i&is&o %$#%$s$'(a' 0'os $s(!&0los i/$al$s #a%a $l "i(o. El o#(i&is&o 'os al$6a /$ la

/$#%$si', la a#a(!a, la /$s$s#$%aci'. JS$li&a',


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#&

La a0s$'cia /$ $a(!a s0$l$ s$% 0' %aso /is(i'(i1o /$ las #$%so'as 0$ co&$($' /$li(os,

co&o $s $l caso /$) #sic#a(as, 1iola/o%$s 5 #$/$%as(as.

Da'i$l S($%', #si0ia(%a 0$ a $s(0/ia/o los %$1$s 5 %$#$(i/os i'($%ca&ios 0$ (i$'$' l0a%

$'(%$ #a/%$s $ i6os, sos(i$'$ 0$ $' $sos &o&$'(os /$ i'(i&i/a/ s$ $s(4 /a'/o $l a#%$'/ia6$+0'/a&$'(al /$ la 1i/a $&ocio'al. Po% $so $s io%(a'($ la $'s$a'a /$ los #a/%$s $' %$laci' al

/$sa%%ollo /$ $s(a aili/a/.

D$$&os ($'$% $' c0$'(a 0$ $l >;\ /$ los &$'sa6$s $&ocio'al$s $s /$ 'a(0%al$a 'o 1$%al,

5 s$ &a'i+i$s(a $' as#$c(os co&o la i'+l$"i' /$ la 1o, la $"#%$si' +acial 5 los $s(os, $'(%$

o(%os. D$ a! 0$ la cla1$ 0$ #$%&i($ a 0'a #$%so'a acc$/$% a las $&ocio'$s /$ los /$&4s %a/ica

$' s0 ca#aci/a/ #a%a ca#(a% los &$'sa6$s 'o 1$%al$s.

La $a(!a +a1o%$c$ $l %$'/i&i$'(o $scola% o, (al 1$, 0$ los 'ios $(icos so' &4s

a(%ac(i1os a los o6os /$ s0s #%o+$so%$s.

3ontrol de las relaciones.

La '0$1a soci$/a/ %$0i$%$ o(%o (i#o /$ l!/$% 0$ 'o %a/i0$ $' s0 ca#aci/a/ #a%a co'(%ola% 5

so&$($% a los o(%os, si'o $' s0 aili/a/ #a%a #$%s0a/i%los 5 $'ca0a% la colao%aci' /$ (o/os

acia 0'os #%o#si(os co&0'$s.

A0'0$ &0cas 1$c$s s$ $1i($ ac$%lo o s$ aa /$ +o%&a $0i1oca/a, $lfeedbac4co's(i(05$$l '0(%i$'($ $s$'cial #a%a #o($'cia% la $+$c(i1i/a/ /$ los (%aa6a/o%$s. Pa%a o+%$c$% 0'

0$'feedbac4, s$ %$co&i$'/a) s$% co'c%$(o, o+%$c$% sol0cio'$s 5 s$% s$'sil$ al iac(o /$ las

#ala%as $' $l i'($%loc0(o% JHa%%5 L$1i'so'K.

La ca#aci/a/ /$ a/a#(aci', la sia(!a, la ca#aci/a/ /$ %$sol1$% los #%ol$&as $' +o%&a

i'($%#$%so'al, la #$%sis($'cia, la co%/iali/a/, la a&aili/a/ 5 $l %$s#$(o so' /$ io%(a'cia a la

o%a /$ co'si/$%a% a la i'($li$'cia $&ocio'al. El CE 'o s$ asa $' $l %a/o /$ i'($li$'cia /$

0' 'io, si'o &4s i$' $' lo 0$ al0'a 1$ lla&a&os ca%ac($%!s(icas /$ la #$%so'ali/a/ osil$&$'($ ca%4c($%.

E' ca/a 0'o /$ 'oso(%os s$ sola#a' /os &$'($s /is(i'(as) 0'a 0$ #i$'sa 5 o(%a 0$ si$'($.

s(as co's(i(05$' /os +ac0l(a/$s %$la(i1a&$'($ i'/$#$'/i$'($s 5 %$+l$6a' $l +0'cio'a&i$'(o /$

#&


22/33

#'

ci%c0i(os c$%$%al$s /i+$%$'($s a0'0$ i'($%%$lacio'a/os, 0$ l0$o #asa% a $"#lici(a%. E'

&0c!si&as ocasio'$s, $s(as /os &$'($s &a'(i$'$' 0'a a/$c0a/a coo%/i'aci', aci$'/o 0$ los

s$'(i&i$'(os co'/icio'$' 5 $'%i0$ca' los #$'sa&i$'(os 5 lo &is&o a la i'1$%sa.

Di1$%sos $s(0/ios 89/$ la%o #lao a' i/o os$%1a'/o las 1i/as /$ los cicos 0$#0'(0aa' &4s al(o $' las #%0$as i'($l$c(i1as o a' coa%a/o s0s 'i1$l$s /$ sa(is+acci' +%$'($

a ci$%(os i'/ica/o%$s Jla +$lici/a/, $l #%$s(iio o $l "i(o lao%alK co' %$s#$c(o a los #%o&$/ios.

To/os $llos a' #0$s(o /$ %$li$1$ 0$ $l co$+ici$'($ i'($l$c(0al a#$'as si %$#%$s$'(a 0' 2;\ /$

los +ac(o%$s /$($%&i'a'($s /$l "i(o.

El F;\ %$s(a'($ /$#$'/$ /$ o(%o (i#o /$ 1a%ial$s, (al$s co&o la clas$ social, la s0$%($ 5,

$' %a' &$/i/a, la i'($li$'cia $&ocio'al.

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NEUROANATOMA DE LAS EMOCIONES.

H$ a0! 0'a i&a$' il0s(%a(i1a /$l SISTE


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C&o $l (%&i'o $&oci' lo s0i$%$, s$ (%a(a /$l ilso o &o1i&i$'(o acia, co&o

#0$/$' s$%) $l 0i%, llo%a% o %$co$%s$ so%$ s! &is&os. Ca/a 0'o /$ 'oso(%os 1i$'$ $0i#a/o co'

0'os #%o%a&as /$ %$acci' a0(o&4(ica o 0'a s$%i$ /$ #%$/is#osicio'$s iolicas a la acci'.

El sis($&a l!&ico i'cl05$ $l2ipocampo,/o'/$ s$ #%o/0c$ $l a#%$'/ia6$ $&ocio'al 5/o'/$ s$ al&ac$'a' los %$c0$%/os $&ocio'al$s.

Al%$/$/o% /$l tallo encef!lico, 0$ co's(i(05$ la %$i' &4s #%i&i(i1a /$ '0$s(%o c$%$%o 5

0$ %$0la las +0'cio'$s 4sicas co&o la %$s#i%aci' o $l &$(aolis&o, s$ +0$ co'+i0%a'/o $l

sistema lmbico, 0$ a#o%(a las $&ocio'$s al %$#$%(o%io /$ %$s#0$s(as c$%$%al$s.

Es($ c%$ci&i$'(o /$s/$ la as$ /$ '0$s(%o c$%$%o, ici$%o' #osil$ la ca#aci/a/ /$ i/$'(i+ica% los

#$li%os, ($&$%los 5 $1i(a%los. La $1ol0ci' /$l sis($&a l!&ico $s(01o, #o% (a'(o, a#a%$6a/a al

/$sa%%ollo /$ /os #o($'($s $%%a&i$'(as) la &$&o%ia 5 $l a#%$'/ia6$.

La amgdala J/$l %.al&$'/%aK, $s 0'a $s(%0c(0%a #$0$a, a0'0$ as(a'($ %a'/$ $'

coa%aci' co' la /$ '0$s(%os #a%i$'($s $1ol0(i1os, $' la 0$ s$ /$#osi(a' '0$s(%os %$c0$%/os

$&ocio'al$s 5 0$, #o% $llo &is&o, 'os #$%&i($ o(o%a%l$ si'i+ica/o a la 1i/a. Si' $lla, 'os

%$s0l(a%!a iosil$ %$co'oc$% las cosas 0$ 5a $&os 1is(o 5 a(%i0i%l$s al' 1alo% 5 $'

co'co%/a'cia co' $llo, %i'/a% 0'a %$s#0$s(a a/$c0a/a.

So%$ $s(a as$ c$%$%al $' la 0$ s$ asi$'(a' las $&ocio'$s, +0$ c%$4'/os$ ac$ 0'os ci$'

&illo'$s /$ aos la 3orteza o $eocrte*'la %$i' c$%$%al 0$ 'os /i+$%$'cia /$ (o/as las /$&4s

$s#$ci$s 5 'os ac$ s$% 0&a'os $' (o/o $l s$'(i/o /$l (%&i'o. Co' la co%($a, s0%i la

ca#aci/a/ /$ ($'$% s$'(i&i$'(os so%$ '0$s(%os s$'(i&i$'(os, i'/0ci% $&ocio'$s o i'ii% las

#asio'$s.

A #$sa%, co&o a+i%&a%a a'($s, /$ 1$'i% $0i#a/os co' $s($ sis($&a, a5 +ac(o%$s co&o) la

$"#$%i$'cia, $l &$/io, 0$ 1a' /$6a'/o s0 0$lla /$+i'i$'/o '0$s(%o ca%4c($%, '0$s(%a +o%&a /$

%$s#o'/$% 5 &a'i+$s(a%'os a'($ los $s(!&0los $&ocio'al$s, '0$s(%a &a%ca %$is(%a/a, #o%

/$ci%lo /$ al0'a &a'$%a.

La 3orteza o N$oc%($", $s 0'a l4&i'a #l$a/a /$ ($6i/o /$ 0'os (%$s &il!&$(%os /$

$s#$so% 0$ $'10$l1$ los %a'/$s $&is+$%ios c$%$%al$s. Es(a $s co'c$i/a co&o la ca#a

#$'sa'($ /$l c$%$%o, 0$ 'os /a la #osiili/a/ /$ /a%l$ s$'(i/o a lo 0$ ac$&os 5 #$%cii&os.

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T$'$% s$'(i&i$'(os so%$ '0$s(%os s$'(i&i$'(os. Pla'i+ica%, as(%a$%, o #%$oc0#a%s$ #o% $l +0(0%o,

($'$% /isc$%'i&i$'(o Ji'si(K, a'alia% #o% 0 s$'(i&os /$ /$($%&i'a/a &a'$%a 5 l0$o ac$%

alo al %$s#$c(o.

La co%($a #os$$ c0a(%o l0los J+%o'(al, ($o%al, #a%i$(al 5 occi#i(alK 5 $l /ao a 0'l0lo $s#$c!+ico /a%4 co&o %$s0l(a/o 0' #%ol$&a $s#$c!+ico.

E' s0&a) las s$al$s s$'so%ial$s %$cii/as #o% los o6os o los o!/os so' $'1ia/as al t!lamo,

$l 0$ s$ $'ca%a /$ /is(%i0i% los &$'sa6$s a las o(%as %$io'$s /$ #%oc$sa&i$'(o c$%$%al. D$s/$

all!, las s$al$s so' /i%ii/as al neocrte*, El &is&o %$is(%a 5 a'alia la si(0aci' 5 ac0/$ a los

lbulos prefrontales#a%a co%$'/$% 5 o%a'ia% los $s(!&0los, $'1ia'/o l0$o las s$al$s al

sis($&a l!&ico #a%a 0$ #%o/0ca 0'a %$s#0$s(a.

L$Do0", Q. /$sc0%i 0$, 60'(o a la la%a 1!a '$0%o'al 0$ 1a al c%($", $"is($ 0'a

peue+a estructura neuronal0$ co&0'ica /i%$c(a&$'($ $l (4la&o co' la a&!/ala. Es(a 1!a

s$c0'/a%ia 5 &4s co%(a, 0$ co's(i(05$ 0'a s0$%($ /$ a(a6o, #$%&i($ 0$ la a&!/ala %$cia

al0'as s$al$s /i%$c(a&$'($ /$ los s$'(i/os 5 /is#a%$ 0'a s$c%$ci' o%&o'al ,0$ /$($%&i'a

'0$s(%o coo%(a&i$'(o, /$ +o%&a i'&$/ia(a.

E' $l c$%$%o $&ocio'al s$ $'c0$'(%a' al&ac$'a/os los neurop&ptidos, 0'a s$%i$ /$

a&i'o4ci/os io0!&icos co%%$la(i1os /$ las $&ocio'$s. C0a'/o s$ si$'($ 0'a $&oci', $s(os

0!&icos /$l c$%$%oJL$Do0", :>>2K so' $'1ia/os a /a% 0'a %$s#0$s(a.

Co&o s$ a#%$cia, la #a%($ $&ocio'al 5 la #a%($ lica /$l c$%$%o so' col$(a&$'($

i'/$#$'/i$'($s. La #a%($ $&ocio'al /$l c$%$%o %$s#o'/$ &4s %4#i/o 5 co' &4s +0$%a 0$ la

#a%($ #$'sa'($

#0


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COEFICIENTE EMOCIONAL FRENTE A COEFICIENTE INTELECTUAL.

La I'($li$'cia $&ocio'al s0#o'$ aili/a/$s 0$ 'os #$%&i($' &o(i1a%'os 5 #$%sis(i%

+%$'($ a las /$c$#cio'$s co'(%ola% $l ilso 5 /$&o%a% la %a(i+icaci', %$0la% $l 0&o% 5 $1i(a%

0$ los (%as(o%'os /is&i'05a' la ca#aci/a/ /$ #$'sa% &os(%a% $a(!a 5 ($'$% $s#$%a'as.

-.ente es$eci(icada no /0ida*

Ga%/'$% J:>F3K coa% los %$s0l(a/os /$ 'ios $1al0a/os $' la Escala /$ S(a'+o%/i'$(,

co' la 0(ilia/a #o% $l P%o5$c(o S#$c(%0&, co'cl05$'/o 0$ la #%i&$%a, 'o lo%aa #%$/$ci% $l

"i(o $' $l /$s$$o $' ac(i1i/a/$s $1al0a/as co' $l s$0'/o &o/$lo.

T%a/icio'al&$'($ $&os so%$1alo%a/o la io%(a'cia /$ los as#$c(os #0%a&$'($

%acio'al$s.

Si i$' a' los ci$'(!+icos social$s s$ c0$s(io'a' so%$ 0 coo'$ $l Co$+ici$'($

I'($l$c(0al /$ 0'a #$%so'a, la &a5o%!a /$ los #%o+$sio'al$s co'si/$%a 0$ so' &$/il$s, co&o #o%

$6$lo 0(ilia'/o $scalas /$ I'($li$'cia /$ $csl$%. Es($ ($s( /$ i'($li$'cia, &i/$ (a'(o laca#aci/a/ 1$%al co&o 'o 1$%al, i'cl05$'/o la &$&o%ia, $l 1oca0la%io, la co%$'si', la

sol0ci' /$ #%ol$&as, $l %ao'a&i$'(o as(%ac(o, la #$%c$#ci', $l #%oc$sa&i$'(o /$ la

i'+o%&aci' 5 las ca#aci/a/$s 1is0al$s 5 &o(o%as.

S$ co'si/$%a 0$ /$s#0s /$ 0$ 0' 'io c0l$ los s$is aos, $l Co$+ici$'($ I'($l$c(0al

s$ 10$l1$ $s(al$.

E' coa%aci' al Co$+ici$'($ I'($l$c(0al, $l Co$+ici$'($ E&ocio'al $s &4s col$6o

c0a'/o s$ (%a(a /$ &$/i%lo, #o% 'o /$ci%, #%4c(ica&$'($ iosil$. 8C&o &$/i% los %asos

social$s 5 /$ la #$%so'ali/a/9 8C&o #o/%!a&os 1alo%a% la a&aili/a/, la co'+ia'a $' s! &is&o

o $l %$s#$(o #o% los /$&4s9

A0'0$ $l Co$+ici$'($ E&ocio'al 'o %$s0l($ '0'ca &$/il$, $&$%$ /$ (o/os &o/os

co&o 0' co'c$#(o si'i+ica(i1o.

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Las ca#aci/a/$s /$l Co$+ici$'($ E&ocio'al 'o s$ o#o'$' al Co$+ici$'($ I'($l$c(0al o a

las ca#aci/a/$s co'osci(i1as si'o 0$ i'($%ac(a' $' +o%&a /i'4&ica $' 0' 'i1$l co'c$#(0al 5 $'

$l &0'/o %$al.

I/$al&$'($, 0'a #$%so'a #0$/$ /$s(aca%s$ (a'(o $' las ca#aci/a/$s co'osci(i1as co&o $'las social$s 5 $&ocio'al$s. Po% $llo /$$%!a&os ($'$% $' c0$'(a co&o #la'($a Ga%/'$% J:>>3K, $l

/$s$$o $' ca/a 0'a /$ $llas.

#$


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SNTESIS Y REFLEXIONES.

Co'si/$%a'/o las $"i$'cias /$ la 1i/a ac(0al /o'/$ $l 1alo% /$ la #$%so'a #a%$c$ %$ca$% $' s0

"i(o, #%a&a(is&o, 0(ili/a/, $s io%(a'($ co%$'/$% si lo 0$ as(a ac$ 0'os silos #a%$c!a

#o/$% &$/i%s$ ] &$ %$+i$%o al Co$+ici$'($ I'($l$c(0al ] 5 #%4c(ica&$'($ /$($%&i'a% '0$s(%o

+0(0%o, o5 'o s$ co'si/$%a (a' %a/ical&$'($. E' #ala%as /$ Gol$&a' El 'o&%$ &is&o /$

Ho&o Sa#i$'s, la $s#$ci$ #$'sa'($, %$s0l(a $'aoso a la l0 /$ la '0$1a 1alo%aci' 5 1isi' 0$

o+%$c$ la ci$'cia co' %$s#$c(o al l0a% 0$ oc0#a' las $&ocio'$s $' '0$s(%a 1i/a. J2;;F, #4.22K.

A+i%&a% 0$) ($$%a&$'(o 'o $s /$s(i'o. JGol$&a', 2;;;, #4. :FK, 'os a%$ o(%a &i%a/aacia $l co'c$#(o /$ I'($li$'cia. Ta&i' a #la'($a/o Gol$&a' J2;;FK 0$

$l coci$'($ i'($l$c(0al s0#o'$ a#%o"i&a/a&$'($ $l 2;\ /$ los +ac(o%$s 0$ /$($%&i'a' $l "i(o.

El F;\ %$s(a'($ /$#$'/$ /$ 1a%ial$s co&o la s0$%($, la clas$ social 5. J.#al$%&o.$/0, 2;:7K

E' #ala%as /$l +ilso+o $s#aol $%'a'/o Sa1a($%) 'o '$c$si(a&os s$0i% $/0ca'/o I.S.P

JI/io(as, S0+ici$'($&$'($, P%$#a%a/osK si'o #%o+$sio'al$s c05a i'($li$'cia $&ocio'al, l$s

#$%&i(a il$&$'(a% 0$'as %$lacio'$s co' los /$&4s. E/0ca% #%o+$sio'al$s $s +4cil, lo /i+!cil $s

$/0ca% #$%so'as. JSa1a($% . , :>>@K.

E1al0a'/o $l o6$(i1o i'icial /$l (%aa6o, s$ a%%ia a la s!'($sis /$l ($&a #%o#0$s(o. S$

co'si/$%a c0li/o /ico o6$(i1o ac$%ca /$l co'oci&i$'(o so%$ $l /$sa%%ollo /$l co'c$#(o /$

i'($li$'cia, as! co&o (a&i', la %$s#0$s(a a+i%&a(i1a /$s/$ Ga%/'$% J:>F3K 5 Cs#$/$s J2;;FK

so%$ la i#($sis /$ las


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ca%4c($% +0'/a&$'(al /$ la $/0caci' $' $'$%al 5 la $/0caci' /$ los #a/%$s, $' #a%(ic0la%, as!

co&o las co'/icio'$s #a%a ll$a% al "i(o.

S$ a 1is0alia/o (a&i' la /is&i'0ci' /$ las ca#aci/a/$s $&ocio'al$s 5 social$s a

#$sa% /$ a$% a0&$'(a/o 1$i'($ #0'(os $l %$'/i&i$'(o i'($l$c(0al. Jl5'', Q.R.K .

S$li&a',


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1I1LIOGRA-2A

Ca%a6o l$, F@K,Intelligence8 its structures, gro9t2, and action, os(o'8 Ho0(o' F3K,Estructura - medidas de la inteligencia,a%c$lo'a) H$%/$%.Gal(o', . J:F7>K,:ereditar- enius. n inuir- into its la9s and conseuences, >2K,:istoria de la 7sicologa, inteligencias>

multiples>de>2o9ard>gardner;R$1isa/o 2; /$ 60'io /$ 2;:7.L$Do0", Q. J:>>2K.Emotion and Limbic /-stem 3oncept.3K. A' E&$%i' U'/$%s(a'/i' o+ ($ R$+l$c(i1$ J>@K.El valor de educar.>@K.El valor de educar.a%c$lo'a) A%i$l.Sc$l$%, F*K.La idea del 2ombre - la 2istoria.0$'os Ai%$s) La Pl5a/$.Sa#i%o, L. J:>>@K.La Inteligencia Emocional en los ni+os.0$'os Ai%$s.) Qa1i$% $%a%a.

Si$l$%, R.S., 5 D$a' R., J:>F>K, El /$sa%%ollo /$ la i'($li$'cia, $' S($%'$%, R.Q. J$/.K,Inteligencia :umana I?, Evolucin - @esarrollo de la Inteligencia, a%c$lo'a) Pai/s.S#$a%&a', C. J:>2@K, 52e abilities of man. 52eir nature and measurement, 3;K, 3reative 0ind,Nis$( a'/ Co) Lo'/o'.````` J:>3@K,7s-c2log- do9n t2e ages,


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S($%'$%, R. Q., Po$ll, Q. S., J:>F>K, T$o%!as /$ la i'($li$'cia, $' S($%'$%, R. Q., J$/.K.Inteligencia :umana I?, Evolucin - desarrollo de la inteligencia, a%c$lo'a) Pai/s.

ANEXO

Nuestros hems!eros " sus #r$%#&'es %&r&%ter(st%&s.

&


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SITIOS EN )UE SE ASIENTANLAS DIFERENTES

*A+ILIDADES.

'


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Inteligencia o inteligencias

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