NEUROMORFOLOGÍA: EL MODELO DECLARATIVO-PROCESAL28 MAR 2011 – DÍA 30Neurolingüística del español

SPAN 4270

Harry Howard

Tulane University

ORGANIZACIÓN DEL CURSO

http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/SPAN4130-Neurospan/

El curso es apto para un electivo en neurociencia.

Neurolinguistics and linguistic aphasiology está en reserva en la biblioteca.

Human Research Protection Program http://tulane.edu/asvpr/irb/index.cfm Before beginning research at Tulane University,

all research personnel must complete the CITI Training Program; this can be completed at www.citiprogram.org.

03/25/11

2

SP

AN

4130 - Harry H

oward - T

ulane University

REPASOLa prueba es el repaso

03/25/11S

PA

N 4130 - H

arry How

ard - Tulane U

niversity

3

TAXONOMY OF MEMORY

03/25/11

4

SP

AN

4130 - Harry H

oward - T

ulane University

SUMMARY

is memory for habits & skills

learns rule-like relations in a context

learns quickly, from a single presentation

is not available to other mental modules (= informationally encapsulated)

is mostly unconscious (implicit)

is memory for facts & events

learns arbitrary relations

learns slowly, from many presentations

is available to other mental modules (≠ informationally encapsulated)

is mostly conscious (explicit)

Procedural memory Declarative memory

03/25/11S

PA

N 4130 - H

arry How

ard - Tulane U

niversity

5

THE NEURAL SUBSTRATE OF DECLARATIVE MEMORY

medial temporal lobe structures hippocampal region (the

dentate gyrus, the subicular complex, and the hippocampus itself)

its input/output cortices: entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, and parahippocampal cortex

some subcortical structures, such as thalamus

03/25/11S

PA

N 4130 - H

arry How

ard - Tulane U

niversity

6

THE HIPPOCAMPUS

03/25/11S

PA

N 4130 - H

arry How

ard - Tulane U

niversity

7

GENERAL CONTROL OF MOVEMENT BY THE CEREBRAL CORTEX

03/25/11

8

SP

AN

4130 - Harry H

oward - T

ulane University

BASIC SCHEME OF INFORMATION FLOW THROUGH THE BASAL GANGLIA

03/25/11S

PA

N 4130 - H

arry How

ard - Tulane U

niversity

9

THE DECLARATIVE/PROCEDURAL MODEL OF LANGUAGE

The declarative memory system subserves the lexicon.

The procedural memory system subserves grammar.

03/25/11

10

SP

AN

4130 - Harry H

oward - T

ulane University

DECLARATIVE MEMORY & THE LEXICON stores all arbitrary, idiosyncratic word-specific

knowledge, including word meanings, word sounds, and abstract representations such as word category

includes representations of simple (non-derivable) words such as cat, bound morphemes such as -ed, irregular morphological forms, verb complements, and idioms

also contains complex forms and abstract structures that are “regular”

supports a superpositional associative memory, which allows for generalizations across representations. For example, the memorization of phonologically similar stem-irregular past tense pairs (e.g. spring – sprang, sing – sang) may allow for memory-based generalization to new irregularizations, either from real words (bring – brang) or from novel ones (spling – splang). This ability to generalize could underlie some degree of productivity within the memory system

03/25/11

11

SP

AN

4130 - Harry H

oward - T

ulane University

PROCEDURAL MEMORY & GRAMMAR underlies the learning of new, and the

computation of already-learned, rule-based procedures that govern the regularities of language

particularly those procedures related to combining items into complex structures that have precedence (sequential) and hierarchical relations

builds rule-governed structure, i.e. the sequential and hierarchical combination – “merging” or concatenation – of forms and representations into complex structures: syntax (word order) inflectional and derivational morphology – at least for

default “regulars” but also for irregulars that appear to be affixed

phonology (the combination of sounds) compositional semantics (the meaning of the

composition of words into complex structures)

03/25/11

12

SP

AN

4130 - Harry H

oward - T

ulane University

GENERAL CONTROL OF MOVEMENT BY THE CEREBRAL CORTEX

03/25/11

13

SP

AN

4130 - Harry H

oward - T

ulane University

NEUROMORFOLOGÍA

03/25/11

14

SP

AN

4130 - Harry H

oward - T

ulane University

RUTAS SENCILLA VS. DUAL

En un modelo de ruta sencilla, todas las palabras se reconocen por medio del mismo mecanismo: como palabras enteras en modelos que no hacen

una segmentación, o como morfemas sueltas en modelos que hacen

una segmentación. En un modelo de ruta dual

algunas palabras pasan por una segmentación y otras no, o

todas las palabras pasan tanto por una segmentación como por una analisis como unidad.

03/25/11

15

SP

AN

4130 - Harry H

oward - T

ulane University

¿QUÉ PALABRAS NECESITAN SEMENTACIÓN?

03/25/11

16

SP

AN

4130 - Harry H

oward - T

ulane University

EL PRÓXIMO DÍAMás neuromorfología

03/25/11

17

SP

AN

4130 - Harry H

oward - T

ulane University