Perfiles y Conjuntos de Construciones Metalica

8/16/2019 Perfiles y Conjuntos de Construciones Metalica

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INDICE

RESUMEN............................................................................................................2

INTRODUCCIÓN..................................................................................................41. DEFINICIÓN..................................................................................................5

2. FUERZAS PRINCIPALES EN ESTRUCTURAS...........................................5

3. TIPOS DE ESTRUCTURAS..........................................................................6

3.1. Estructuras Etra!a"as..........................................................................6

3.2. Estructuras Tr#a$u%a"as.........................................................................6

3.3. Estructuras C&%$at's(..........................................................................1)

3.4. Estructuras La!#ar's..........................................................................13

3.5. Estructuras *'&"+s#cas(.......................................................................16

4. P'r,#%'s 'structura%'s....................................................................................1-

4.1. P'r,#% I IPS/...........................................................................................10

4.2. P'r,#% I..................................................................................................10

4.3. P'r,#% IPR/.........................................................................................2)

4.4. P'r,#% C CE/..........................................................................................21

4.5. P'r,#% LI..................................................................................................22

4.6. P'r,#% LD.................................................................................................234.. P'r,#% T...................................................................................................24

4.-. P'r,#% TR.................................................................................................25

4.0. Tu& 'structura% r'cta$u%ar cua"ra"& r'"&"&...............................26

4.1). arras P%acas..................................................................................26

CONCLUSIÓN....................................................................................................2-

ILIO*RAF7A...................................................................................................3)

1


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RESUMEN

E %a atura%'8a 9&"'!&s 'c&trar 'structuras c&!& %&s 's:u'%'t&s '%

ca9ara8; "' ua t&rtu$a & %a c&cut& "' '%'!'t&s ca9ac's "' s&9&rtar ,u'r8as

tras!#t#r%as a %&s 9ut&s "&"' s' a9&a c& '% ,# "' s'r r's#st't' 'sta%'.

L%a!a!&s 's,u'r8&s a %as ,u'r8as :u' a9ar'c' ' %&s '%'!'t&s "' ua

'structura cua"& 'st? s&!'t#"a a &tras ,u'r8as & car$as.

a c#c& t#9&s "' 's,u'r8&s :u' %&s '%'!'t&s "' ua 'structura 9u'"'

t''r( Tracc#; C&!9r's#; F%'@#; T&rs#; C#8a%%a & c&rta"ura.

L&s '%'!'t&s !?s usa"&s ' %as 'structuras s&( c#!#'t&s c&%u!as &

9#%ar's =#$as arc&s t#rat's.

Ua 'structura 's r's#st't' cua"& c&s'r=a su ,&r!a a% a9%#car%' car$as.L&s '%'!'t&s !?s #!9&rtat's :u' 9r&9&rc#&a r's#st'c#a 'sta#%#"a" a

ua 'structura( Tr#?$u%&s Arc&s.

S& 'structuras 'sta%'s a:u'%%as :u' a% a9%#car ua ,u'r8a s&r' '%%as

c&s'r=a su 9&s#c#;.

La 'sta#%#"a" 'st? r'%ac#&a"a c& '% c'tr& "' $ra='"a".E% c'tr& "' $ra='"a" 's '% 9ut& "' t&"& cu'r9& ' '% :u' su9&'!&s :u' s'

a9%#ca t&"& '% 9's& "' 's' cu'r9&.

L&s 9'r,#%'s s& arras "' "#,'r't's s'cc#&'s.

L&s 9'r,#%'s &s 9'r!#t'


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Estructuras a&='"a"as( S& 'structuras :u' t#'' arc&s ;='"as. L&s

arc&s 9'r!#t' au!'tar %&s


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INTRODUCCIÓN

& ' "a %&s ac'r&s 'structura%'s s& u& "' %&s !at'r#a%'s "' c&strucc#;

"' !a&r #!9&rtac#a a #='% !u"#a%. P&r !uc& car$as s& !u 9':u'as. A"'!?s %&s ac'r&s

'structura%'s 9&s'' ua $ra "uct#%#"a" ca9ac#"a" a "',&r!ars'/ t#'' ua

r'%ac#; 's,u'r8&"',&r!ac#; u#tar#a ' ,&r!a %#'a% #c%us& 9ara 's,u'r8&s

r'%at#=a!'t' a%t&s su !;"u%& "' '%ast#c#"a" 's '% !#s!& a t's#; :u' a

c&!9r's#;.

P&r tat& '% c&!9&rta!#'t& "' %&s ac'r&s 'structura%'s a>& car$as "' traa>&

9u'"' 9r'"'c#rs' "' ,&r!a G'@actaH 9&r !'"#& "' %a t'&ra '%?st#ca. A"'!?s

c&!& s' ,ar#ca a>& c&"#c#&'s "' Gc&tr&%H $arat#8a ua ca%#"a" u#,&r!'.

L&s ac'r&s 'structura%'s #c%u' u $ra B!'r& "' ac'r&s :u' "'#"& a su

'c&&!a r's#st'c#a "uct#%#"a" &tras 9r&9#'"a"'s s& a9r&9#a"as 9ara

!#'!r&s :u' s' car$a ' ua $ra =ar#'"a" "' 'structuras.

S# &s'r=as ' tu "a a "a 9&"r?s "art' cu'ta "' :u' u'stras =#"as

"'9'"' 9r?ct#ca!'t' "'% us& "' %&s !'ta%'s 'c


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PERFILES Y CONJUNTOS DE CONSTRUCCIONES METÁLICA

1. DEFINICIÓN

Ua 'structura 's '% c&>ut& "' 9art's "' u cu'r9& u#"as 'tr' s :u't#'' c&!& ,#a%#"a" s&st''r 9r&t'$'r "ar c&s#st'c#a a "#c'ras.

"/ F%'@#;( "&%ar/

E>.( E ua r'$%a.

'/ T&rs#;( T&rc'r/

E>.( E ua ,r'$&a.

,/ Pa"'&( F%'@#; %at'ra%9&r c&!9r's#;/

E>.( E %as Patas "' ua s#%%a

Fuerzas e%!eri"res # &ar'as( Es!(!i&as 9's& "' %a 'structura !u'%'s 'tc./ Di()i&as =#'t& 9'rs&as ' !&=#!#'t& 'tc./

5


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Las 'structuras tr#a$u%a"as 9u'"' c%as#,#cars' a"'!?s "' 9&r '%

!at'r#a% "'% :u' 'st? a a c&!9r's#;.

Ti

3" 8arre.7S' &t#'' a"&sa"& tr#?$u%&s ':u#%?t'r&s.

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Ti3" 8arre

&")3ues!a.7 S' &t#'' "' %as at'r#&r's aa"#'"& !&tat's

9ara r'"uc#r %as %uc's "'% c&r"; su9'r#&r "'% c&r"; #,'r#&r & "'

a!&s.

7 Ti3" &e,"s9a.7 C& "#a$&a%'s ,&r!a"& r&!&s.

Ti3" Cruz +e Sa A+r:s 7 S' '!9%'a ' arr&stra!#'t&s


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Las c'rc


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*.*.Es!ru&!uras C",'a!es/

Las 'structuras c&%$at's & c&%$a"as s& a:u'%%as :u' ut#%#8a ca%'s &

arras t#rat's/ :u' =a u#"&s a s&9&rt's !u r's#st't's c#!#'t&s

9#%ar's/. L&s t#rat's 'sta#%#8a %a 'structura c&!& 9u'"' ='rs' 9&r '>'!9%& ' %&s 9u't's c&%$at's.

Ti3"s +e &a;,es 4 !ira!es

10

Golden Gate (San


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L&s ca%'s 9u'"' s'r(

C"r+"es/ ,&r!a"&s 9&r a%a!r's arr&%%a"&s '!9%&s ' %a

#!a$'.

C")3"r!a)ie!" 'eera, +e ,"s &a;,es

E% ca%' a"&9ta %a ,&r!a "' ua 9&%#$&a% car$as c&c'tra"as/ & "'ua cur=a cat'ar#a 9's& 9r&9#&/ & 9ara;%#ca car$as u#,&r!'s

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"#str#u#"as ' %a 9r&'cc#; 's

c&s'cu't'!'t' %a s'cc#; "'% ca%' =#c'='rsa 9ara ua ,%'ca #"#=#"ua%!'t' c&!&

'%'!'t&s sus9'"#"&s & c&!& c&%u!as a tracc#; 9ara s&9&rtar

'%'!'t&s 'structura%'s c&!& =#$as su9'r,#c#'s & '"#,#c#&s.

La s#$u#'t' #!a$' !u'stra a u& "' %&s 9&c&s 9u't's c&%$at's c&

tras&r"a"&r :u' :u'"a ' '% !u"&. S' trata "'% Pu't' "' K#8caa

1-03/ "'% I$'#'r& M. A%'rt& "' Pa%ac#& "'% c&struct&r F'r"#a" Ar&"#. T#'' 16) ! "' %&$#tu" ua a%tura !?@#!a "' 63.5 !.

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La i)a'e = 3er!ee&e a% M#%%'#u! r#"$' "' L&"r's 100-2)))/

"' Aru9 F&st'r Car&. E% "a "' su #au$urac#; 'tr; ' r's&ac#a

"'#"& a% a%ac'& "' %as 9'rs&as :u' tras#taa 9&r +% %& :u'

&%#$; a :u' s' c'rrara S' r'ar#; ' 2))2 tras %a #sta%ac#; "' u&s

s#st'!as "' a!&rt#$uac#; "' %as =#rac#&'s.

E% 9r&c's& c&struct#=& "' 'st&s 9u't's '!9#'8a 9&r '% %'=ata!#'t&

"' %as t&rr's '% t'"#"& "' %&s ca%'s 9&st'r#&r!'t' '% ta%'r& :u'

cu'%$a "' +st&s.

*.=.Es!ru&!uras La)iares

T&"as a:u'%%as ,&r!a"as 9&r %?!#as r's#st't's :u' 'st? c&'cta"as

'tr' s :u' s# a%$ua "' '%%as %a 'structura s' =&%='ra #'sta%'c&!& 9u'"' s'r %as carr&c'ras ,us'%a>'s "' c&c'!9%&s( c#%#"r&s c&&s

D";,e &ur>a!ura/

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1. Si&,(s!i&as/ cua"& %a cur=atura ' u 9ut& "a"& 's "'% !#s!&

s#$& ' t&"as %as "#r'cc#&'s. E>'!9%&s( cB9u%a 's,'ra/

9ara&%"' '%9t#c& '%#9s"'


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%ar$a a>a 'c's#ta c&tar c& uas =#$as "' &r"' !u r$#"as

!#'tras :u' s# s' au!'ta su a%tura 9u'"' "#s!#u#rs' '% ta!a& "' %a

=#$a "' &r"' & #c%us& su9r#!#r%a. E "#r'cc#; tras='rsa% s' c&!9&rta

c&!& u arc& c& ,u'r8as "' c&!9r's#; a %& %ar$& "' %a su9'r,#c#'

cur=a tras!#t#'"& '!9u>'s %at'ra%'s a>& car$a ='rt#ca% '!9u>'s

:u' s' tras!#t' a %as =#$as "' &r"'. S# s& ac


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12 & %a T'r!#a% TA "'% a'r&9u'rt& "' N' Q&r N' Q&r 105-

1063 E'r& Saar#'/.

*.@.

Es!ru&!uras e"+:si&as/

S& 'structuras 9&c& c&!u's :u' 'st? ,&r!a"as 9&r ut& 's9ac#a% "#r#$#'"& %as ,u'r8as tras!#t#'"& %as car$as.

Est' c&c'9t& "' G!a%%a 's9ac#a%H ' su ac'9c#; !?s 9r#!#t#=a &

s'c#%%a ta!#+ %a 'c&tra!&s ' '"#,#cac#&'s "' u'stra s'%=a a:u

%as arras s& "' !a"'ra & caa %&s u"&s actBa c&=#rt#'"& a %as%ar$as =aras ' tra!&s 'structura%!'t' 9':u'&s. Estas

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c&strucc#&'s 9r's'ta 9%atas c#rcu%ar's & '%9t#cas %a !a%%a 's9ac#a%

s' %&$ra 9&r %a su"#=#s#; "' %&s 9a&s ,&r!a"&s 9&r %as =aras

9r#c#9a%'s !'"#at' =aras ca"a ='8 !?s a9r'ta"as 9':u'as

%&$ra"& %a c&c'rtac#; "' t&"&s %&s '%'!'t&s 'structura%'s

,uc#&a"& c&!& ua u#"a". La tr#a$u%ac#; ta!#+ 'st? 9r's't'

' 'stas '"#,#cac#&'s r#$#"#8a"& %as arras :u' ,&r!a %as 9ar'"'s.

Las *'&"+s#cas s' "'r#=a "' %as Estructuras "' *''rac#; P&%#+"r#ca

$''ra"as !'"#at' %a su"#=#s#; $'&!+tr#ca "' u 9&%#'"r& & 9&rc#;

"' +st'. E% u#='rs& 9&s##%#"a"'s ,&r!a%'s :u' s' 9u'"' &t''r a

9art#r "' %&s 9&%#'"r&s sus "'r#=ac#&'s truca!#'t&s s& #,##t&s

c&!& '>'!9%& r'sa%tar'!&s :u' s& 1- %&s s;%#"&s c%?s#c&s c#c&

r'$u%ar's & "' P%at; 13 s'!#r'$u%ar's & "' Ar:u!'"'s. L&s s;%#"&s

c%?s#c&s s' "'t'r!#a 9&r s;%& ua "#!'s#; 's "'c#r :u' c&&c#'"&

%a %&$#tu" "' ua "' sus ar#stas s' $''ra t&"& '% 9&%#'"r&. L&s =+rt#c's

"' 'st' 9&%#'"r& t&ca %a su9'r,#c#' "' ua 's,'ra #!a$#ar#a :u' %&

c#rcuscr#'.

L&s 5 P&%#'"r&s "' P%at;( T'tra'"r& '@a'"r& Octa'"r& D&"'ca'"r&

' Ic&sa'"r&

E% B%t#!& s;%#"& "' P%at; 's '% #c&sa'"r& 2) tr#?$u%&s/ a 9art#r "'% cua%

s' $''ra %a !a&r 9art' "' %as cB9u%as $'&"+s#cas. C&!& r'c&r"ar?

t&"&s 'st&s s;%#"&s s' #scr#' ' ua 's,'ra t&ca"& sus =+rt#c's %a

su9'r,#c#' "' +sta s# 9r&'cta!&s sus ar#stas a "' u "&!& & cB9u%a $'&"+s#ca 's su =&%u!'. La

's,'ra 's %a ,&r!a $'&!+tr#ca :u' !?s =&%u!' c&t#'' ' r'%ac#; a

su ?r'a. La %#=#a"a" "' sus c&!9&'t's u#"&s ,&r!a"& $ra"'s

9%acas %a!#ar's s#+r$#cas "a ua '@tra&r"#ar#a r's#st'c#a '

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r'%ac#; a %&s r'%at#=a!'t' 9&c&s c&!9&'t's :u' %& c&,&r!a. La

,ac#%#"a" "' 'sa!%' "' sus 9art's 's &tra =' !u #!9&rtat' a :u'

9'r!#t' :u' ua a!9%#a r'" s&c#a% 9u'"a c&stru#r c& 9r?ct#ca!'t'

#$B c&&c#!#'t& & 9&ca "#r'cc#; "' &ra #sta%ac#&'s 9ara ua

$ra =ar#'"a" "' us&s.

=. Per$i,es es!ru&!ura,es

Au:u' ' %a c&strucc#; "' cua%:u#'r t#9& "' 'structuras &


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'sta%'c'r uas ,&r!as 9'r,#%'s/ 'st?"ar "'t'r!#a"as 9ara :u' r's#sta

%&s 's,u'r8&s :u' r'su%t' 'st+t#ca!'t' a$ra"a%'s.

=.1.Per$i, I BIPS

Su s'cc#; t#'' ,&r!a "' I su a%tura 's !a&r :u' %a ac


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Las u#&'s 'tr' %as caras "'% a%!a %as caras #t'r#&r's "' %&s 9at#'s

'st? #c%#a"as '% 0 r's9'ct& a %a &r!a% "'% a%!a s& ta!#+

r'"&"'a"as

L&s 9at#'s t#'' %&s &r"'s c& ar#sta '@t'r#&r r'"&"'& #t'r#&r

e!a


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e!a


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• Es usa"& c&!& 9'r,#% C 9ara %a c&%&cac#; "' 'sca%&'s "'

'sca%'ras c&!& =#$a ' $ra"'s c%ar&s c&!& s'cc#; tuu%ar

cua"& s' !&"#,#ca %a s'cc#;.

• E% 9'"#"& !#!& 's "' c#c& t&'%a"as 9&r 9'r,#% ca%#"a"

%&$#tu" "'st#&.• Las !&"#,#cac#&'s ' "#!'s#&'s ,&r!a arr'a"& %&$#tu"

c&rt's 's9'c#a%'s s' 9&"r? c&cr'tar ' '% ta%%'r c& 9r'=#&

acu'r"&.

[email protected]$i, LI

La s'cc#; "' 'st' 9'r,#% t#'' ,&r!a "' ?$u%& r'ct& c& a%as

"' #$ua% "#!'s#;.

Las caras "' %as a%as s& 9ara%'%as %a u#; 'tr' sus caras #t'r#&r's

's r'"&"'a"a.

Las a%as t#'' '% &r"' c& ar#sta '@t'r#&r r'"&"'& #t'r#&r.

• L&s 9'r,#%'s LI s& %#$'r&s 9&r su $'&!'tra.• La '@c'%'t' s&%"a#%#"a" "'% 9'r,#%


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• La %&$#tu" !#!a "' ,ar#cac#; 's "' "&c' !'tr&s• E% usuar#& "#s9&' "' %a ca9ac#"a" "' "'t'r!#ar 9&r s !#s!& '%

9'r,#% :u' "'s'a "' :u' +st' s' %a!#' a !'"#"a. E% 9'"#"& "'

9'r,#%'s a !'"#"a 'st? su>'t& a u 9's& !#!& "' :u##'tas

t&'%a"as 9&r 9'r,#% ca%#"a".

=..Per$i, LD

Su s'cc#; t#'' ,&r!a "' ?$u%& r'ct& c& a%as "' "#st#ta "#!'s#;.

Las caras "' %as a%as s& 9ara%'%as %a u#; 'tr' sus caras

#t'r#&r's 's r'"&"'a"a.

e!a


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=..Per$i, T

Su s'cc#; t#'' ,&r!a T c& a%tura #$ua% a %a ac


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=..Per$i, TR

Su s'cc#; t#'' ,&r!a "' T c& a%tura !'&r :u' %a ac


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=.G.Tu;" es!ru&!ura, re&!a'u,arH &ua+ra+" 4 re+"+"

S' ut#%#8a ' t&"& t#9& "' '%'!'t&s 'structura%'s c&!& c&%u!as

=#$as c&tra='t'& ' $''ra% c&!& ' cua%:u#'r &tra a9%#cac#; '

%a :u' s'a 'c'sar#a %a r's#st'c#a ,#a#%#"a" :u' &,r'c' %as s'cc#&'s

tuu%ar's.

e!a& 9's& 9r's'ta u !'>&r

c&!9&rta!#'t& a 's,u'r8&s "' t&rs#; r's#st'c#a a% 9a"'&.• Fac#%#"a" "' !&ta>' 9'r!#t#'"& %a r'a%#8ac#; "' u#&'s s#!9%'s

9&r s&%"a"ura.• Su9'r,#c#'s '@t'r#&r's r'"uc#"as s# ?$u%&s =#=&s #

r'aas 9'r!#t#'"& u ,?c#% !at'#!#'t& 9r&t'cc#; c&tra

c&rr&s#;.• P&s##%#"a" "' c&,#$urac#&'s "' $ra '%%'8a.

=.1. ?arras 4 P,a&as

Sus caract'rst#cas !'c?#cas c&!9&s#c#; :u!#ca "'9'"' "' %a

ca%#"a" "'% ac'r&. A% #$ua% :u' %&s 9'r,#%'s %as arras 9%acas ta!#+

s& ,ar#ca"&s a>& %a %a!#ac#; ' ca%#'t'.

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CONCLUSIÓN

E% !+t&"& "' !au,actura "' %&s 9'r,#%'s "' ac'r& 'st? ta c&tr&%a"&

!'ca#8a"& :u' sus 9r&9#'"a"'s ,s#cas s& cas# #=ar#a%'s 'tr' ua

9#'8a &tra a"'!?s %a !'8c%a "' sus '%'!'t&s car&&


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S' 9u'"' 9r&t'$'r "' '%'!'t&s "'struct#=&s a9%#ca"&

"#,'r't's sustac#as :u' 9r's'r=a a% 9'r,#% 'structura%. P&r sus 9r&9#'"a"'s '%?st#cas r's#st' $ra"'s 's,u'r8&s "'#"& a

$&%9's & #!9act&s ,u'rt's r'9't#&s.

T#'' =a%&r 's9'c#a% 9ara r'$#&'s a,'cta"as 9&r t'rr'!&t&s "'#"& a %a

$ra r's#st'c#a :u' &,r'c' ' 9r&9&rc#; a su 9's& 9&r:u' %&s

's,u'r8&s 9r&"uc#"&s 9&r u t'rr'!&t& s& 9r&9&rc#&a%'s a% 9's& "' %a

'structura.

P&r su $ra r's#st'c#a ' r'%ac#; c& su 9's& r'su%ta ='ta>&s& 9ara

r'"uc#r %as car$as ' %as c#!'tac#&'s cua"& s' '!9%'a ' t'rr'&s

"' a%ta c&!9r's##%#"a". Ua 'structurac#; c& ac'r& #' r'a%#8a"a s# s' %' "a u us& "#st#t& a%

9r'=#st& & s' %' s&r'car$a & s' "'s9%&!ar? s# :u' '%%& s' a"=#'rta

at#c#9a"a!'t' a !'&s :u' ,a%%' %a c#!'tac#;. C&!& 's '%?st#c& 9&r

atura%'8a '% ac'r& 9r's'ta ua "',&r!ac#; c&s#"'ra%' at's "'

,a%%ar t&ta%!'t'.

?I?LIORAFA

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T#!&s

Perfiles y Conjuntos de Construciones Metalica

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