Pir Final Presentatin

7/28/2019 Pir Final Presentatin

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PIR SENSOR BASED ENERGY CONSERVATION SYSTEM

D.UDAY KUMAR

(09B41A0213)

Y.ASHOK

(10B45A0204)

K.VASANTHI

(09B41A0228) P.ANISH

(09B41A0238)

http://www.ladyada.net/images/sensors/pirbbfront.jpg



Topics…

1. Introduction2. Block Diagram3. Working Principle

4. Hardware Components Used5. Operation6. Result & Analysis7. Advantages and Disadvantages8. Applications9. Future Scope10. Kit Photography 11. Conclusion



INTRODUCTION



I . To design and bui lt the energy savingcontrol system for domestic application,

l ibrary halls and conference halls.

I I . To build an automatic control system byusing motion sensor (PIR sensor).

Objective



M

I

C

R

O

C

O

N

T

R

L

L

E

R

POWER

SUPPLY

LCD DISPLAY

LED INDICATOR

DRIVER

A.C.

INPUT

RELAY

LAMP

PIR Sensor ADC

Block Diagram



Working Principle

The PIR Sensor senses the motion of a human body by the

change in surrounding ambient temperature when a human

body passes across.

Then it turns on the lighting load to which it is connected.

The lighting load will remain ON until it senses motion.

Once the motion is seized it switches OFF the lighting load.

During the night, the LUX adjustment knob allows you toadjust the luminosity based on which the lighting load will

either switch on / off automatically.



Hardware Components Used…..

1. Microcontroller (AT89C51)

2. Voltage Regulator (5 V DC)

3. LCD Display

4. Relay5. Drive

6. Analog to Digital Converter

7. MAX 232

8. RS 2329. PIR Sensor (Motion Detector)



MicroController (AT89C51)

AT89C51 is an 8-bit microcontroller and belongs

to Atmel's 8051 family . It is a 4 Port (p0, p1, p2,p3) & 40 pins.

Features:

The AT89C51 provides the following standardFeatures:

1. 4Kbytes of Flash

2. 128 bytes of RAM

3. Two 16-bittimer/counters

4. A five vector two-level interrupt architecture

5. A full duplex serial port

6. On-chip oscillator and

7. Clock circuitry.

http://www.engineersgarage.com/microcontroller

http://www.engineersgarage.com/8051-microcontroller

http://www.engineersgarage.com/8051-microcontroller

http://www.engineersgarage.com/microcontroller



MicroController (AT89C51)

Features:

The AT89C51 provides the following standardFeatures:

8. 8K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash

Memory 9. Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles

10. Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz

11. 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM

12. 32 Programmable I/O Lines

13.Eight Interrupt Sources

14. Programmable Serial Channel

15. Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes



Pin Description

Pin No Function Name

1

8 bit input/output port (P1) pins

P1.0

2 P1.1

3 P1.2

4 P1.3

5 P1.4

6 P1.5

7 P1.6

8 P1.7

9 Reset pin; Active high Reset

10 Input (receiver) for serial communication RxD


P3.0

11 Output (transmitter) for serial communication TxD P3.1

12 External interrupt 1 Int0 P3.2

13 External interrupt 2 Int1 P3.3

14 Timer1 external input T0 P3.4

15 Timer2 external input T1 P3.5

16 Write to external data memory Write P3.6

17 Read from external data memory Read P3.7

18 Quartz crystal oscillator (up to 24 MHz)

Crystal 2

19 Crystal 1

20 Ground (0V) Ground

21


/

High-order address bits when interfacing with external memory

P2.0/ A8

22 P2.1/ A9

23 P2.2/ A10

24 P2.3/ A11

25 P2.4/ A12

26 P2.5/ A13

27 P2.6/ A14

28 P2.7/ A15

29 Program store enable; Read from external program memory PSEN

30 Address Latch Enable ALE

Program pulse input during Flash programming Prog

31

External Access Enable; Vcc for internal program executions EA

Programming enable voltage; 12V (during Flash programming) Vpp

32


Low-order address bits when interfacing with external memory

P0.7/ AD7

33 P0.6/ AD6

34 P0.5/ AD5

35 P0.4/ AD4

36 P0.3/ AD3

37 P0.2/ AD2

38 P0.1/ AD1

39 P0.0/ AD0

40 Supply voltage; 5V (up to 6.6V) Vcc



Voltage Regulator

Features:

1. 7805 is a voltage regulator integrated circuit.

2. 7805 provides +5V regulated power supply.

3. The voltage regulator IC maintains the output voltage at a constant value.

4. It is a member of 78xx series of fixed linear voltage regulator Ics

5. The xx in 78xx indicates the fixed output voltage itis designed to provide.



Pin Description


1 Input voltage (5V-18V) Input


3 Regulated output; 5V (4.8V-5.2V) Output



LCD Display

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen isan electronic display module and finda wide range of applications.

The reasons of using LCDs that they are economical; easily programmable;have no limitation of displaying special & even custom characters, animations andso on.

A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 suchlines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix.

This LCD has two registers. They are :

a) Command Register b) Data Register

http://www.engineersgarage.com/microcontroller/8051projects/create-custom-characters-LCD-AT89C51

http://www.engineersgarage.com/microcontroller/8051projects/display-custom-animations-LCD-AT89C51

http://www.engineersgarage.com/microcontroller/8051projects/display-custom-animations-LCD-AT89C51

http://www.engineersgarage.com/microcontroller/8051projects/create-custom-characters-LCD-AT89C51



Command Register :

Data Register :

The command register stores the command instructionsgiven to the LCD.

The data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD.



2 Supply voltage; 5V (4.7V – 5.3V) Vcc

3 Contrast adjustment; through a variable resistor VEE

4 Selects command register when low; and data register when high Register Select

5 Low to write to the register; High to read from the register Read/write

6 Sends data to data pins when a high to low pulse is given Enable

7

8-bit data pins

DB0

8 DB1

9 DB2

10 DB3

11 DB4

12 DB5

13 DB6

14 DB7

15 Backlight VCC (5V) Led+

16 Backlight Ground (0V) Led-

Pin Description



Relay

Relay is an electromagnetic device which isused to isolate two circuits electrically andconnect them magnetically.

1. They are often used to interface an electronic circuit (working at a low voltage)

to an electrical circuit which works at very high voltage.

2. A relay switch can be divided into two parts: input and output.

3. The input section has a coil which generates magnetic field when a small voltage

from an electronic circuit is applied to it. This voltage is called the operating

voltage.

4. The output section consists of contactors which connect or disconnect

mechanically.

5. Commonly used relays are available in different configuration of operating

voltages like 6V, 9V, 12V, 24V etc.



Driver (ULN2804)

1. There are eight NPN Darlington connected

transistors.

2. Eight NPN Darlington connected transistors

in this family of arrays are ideally suited for

interfacing between low logic level digital

circuitry (such as TTL, CMOS or

PMOS/NMOS) and the higher

current/voltage requirements of lamps,

relays, printer hammers.

3. All devices feature open–collector outputs

and freewheeling clamp diodes for transient

suppression.



Analog to Digital Converter

ADC0804 is an Analog To Digital Converter. The

Analog Signal given by sensor is converted to Digitalsignal and is given to Microcontroller.

1. ADC0804 is a very commonly used 8-bit analogto digital convertor.

2. It is a single channel IC, i.e., it can take only oneanalog signal as input. The digital outputs vary from 0 to a maximum of 255.

3. The step size at 5V is 19.53mV (5V/255)

4. ADC0804 needs a clock to operate. The timetaken to convert the analog value to digital valueis dependent on this clock source.

5. ADC0804 also has an inbuilt clock which can beused in absence of external clock.



Pin Description :


1 Activates ADC; Active low Chip select

2 Input pin; High to low pulse brings the data from internal registers to the output pins after conversion Read

3 Input pin; Low to high pulse is given to start the conversion Write

4 Clock Input pin; to give external clock. Clock IN

5 Output pin; Goes low when conversion is complete Interrupt

6 Analog non-inverting input Vin(+)

7 Analog inverting Input; normally ground Vin(-)

8 Ground(0V) Analog Ground

9 Input pin; sets the reference voltage for analog input Vref/2

10 Ground(0V) Digital Ground

11

8 bit digital output pins

D7

12 D6

13 D5

14 D4

15 D3 16 D2

17 D1

18 D0

19 Used with Clock IN pin when internal clock source is used Clock R

20 Supply voltage; 5V Vcc



Max 232

1. It is a dual driver/receiver that includes a

capacitive voltage generator to supply RS232 voltage levels from a single 5V supply.

2. Each receiver converts RS232 inputs to 5V TTL/CMOS levels. These receivers (R 1 & R 2) canaccept ±30V inputs. The drivers (T1 & T2), alsocalled transmitters, convert the TTL/CMOSinput level into RS232 level.

The MAX232 IC is used to convert the TTL/CMOS

logic levels to RS232 logic levels during serialcommunication of microcontrollers with PC.



Pin Description :


1

Capacitor connection pins

Capacitor 1 +

2 Capacitor 3 +

3 Capacitor 1 -

4 Capacitor 2 +

5 Capacitor 2 -

6 Capacitor 4 -

7 Output pin; outputs the serially transmitted data at RS232 logic level; connected to receiver pin of PC serial

port

T2 Out

8 Input pin; receives serially transmitted data at RS 232 logic level; connected to transmitter pin of PC serial

port

R 2 In

9 Output pin; outputs the serially transmitted data at TTL logic level; connected to receiver pin of controller. R 2 Out

10 Input pins; receive the serial data at TTL logic level; connected to serial transmitter pin of controller. T2 In

11 T1 In

12 Output pin; outputs the serially transmitted data at TTL logic level; connected to receiver pin of controller. R 1 Out

13 Input pin; receives serially transmitted data at RS 232 logic level; connected to transmitter pin of PC serial

port

R 1 In

14 Output pin; outputs the serially transmitted data at RS232 logic level; connected to receiver pin of PC serial

port

T1 Out


16 Supply voltage; 5V (4.5V – 5.5V) Vcc



RS 232

The RS-232 interface is the ElectronicIndustries Association (EIA) standard for theinterchange of serial binary data between twodevices.

The standard allows as many as 20 signals to bedefined, but gives complete freedom to the user.

Three wires are sufficient: send data, receive data,and signal ground. The remaining lines can behardwired on or off permanently.

The signal transmission is bipolar, requiring two

voltages, from 5 to 25 volts, of opposite polarity .



What is PIR Sensor ?

PIR stands for Passive Infrared / Pyro electric

Infrared Sensor. PIR sensor is a motion detector. It

detects the Heat and Radiation from Human Body.

The built in sensor turns on/off the connected lightingload when it detects motion in the coverage area. It

has different working principle during the day time

and the night time.

During the day, the built in photocell sensor saveselectricity by deactivating the lighting load connectedto the sensor.



Operation



Result & Analysis

S.

No.

For Residential Meter Without PIR Motion Sensor With PIR Motion Sensor

1 Power capacity of one tube light in watt 40 40

2 Operational hours of corridor tube lights 12 3

3 Total consumption in watts per day 480 120

4 Number of days in a month 30 30

5 Total power used by one tube light in kw 14400W = 14.4 KW 3600W = 3.6 KW

6 Cost of electricity per kw in Rupees 4.5 4.5

7 Amount paid per month @ Rs. 4.50 per unit 64.8 16.2

8 Savings per month per 1 tube light in Rupees. 48.6



Advantages :

PIR Motion Sensors will itself recover its cost by reducingyour electricity bills and will further save your electricity cost for

the future.

The product is an energy - saving automatic switch adopting

System Very easy installation and can be installed by in –

house technician itself.

No separate wiring is required hence no additional

installation cost.



No modification is required and complies with

current aesthetics.

Reduces the power consumption just decreases the costof electricity bill.

Requires less energy for controlling using micro

controller.

Accurate and have a good Efficiency.

Advantages :



Disadvantages :

It might not cover a full room.

Things may trigger the motion detector that you don't want to. An

outside detector mounted too close to a light that stays on at night, will be

triggered continuously by bugs.

The set shutoff time of the motion sensor may be too short (maybe only

30 seconds).

The reliability of a motion sensor may also be affected by rapid

environmental changes and direct sunlight



Applications :

1) Common toilets, for lights & exhaust fans

2) Common staircase / Entrance / Basements

3) Parking areas / garden lights

4) Living room, Malls, ATMS5) Changing rooms in shops

6) Offices / Conference Room

7) Corridors / Security system purpose & many

more!



Future Scope



Kit Photography



Conclusion



YOU

Thank

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