PARA LLEGAR A TIEMPO - ASUNCION 2008 - PARAGUAY - GI - PORTALGUARANI

7/21/2019 PARA LLEGAR A TIEMPO - ASUNCION 2008 - PARAGUAY - GI - PORTALGUARANI

1/83


2/83

TFYF LLNHFY F [ENGTCYnlftcs y fprn`kezfons n` lf prnvn`je` knl trfifoc bcrzcsc fscjefkc f lf trftf kn fkclnsjn`tns

9

Lues Jlfukec Jnlgf, Mfre`f Junvfs y Zelve`f Brf`jnz` jccrke`fkcrns (9441)? TFYF LLNHFY

F [ENGTC. Ynlftcs y fprn`kezfons n` lf prnvn`je` knl trfifoc bcrzcsc fscjefkc f lf trftf

kn fkclnsjn`tns.Fsu`je`? Hlcifl E`bf`jef.Nkeje`? Hlcifl E`bf`jef, kn lf Fscjefje` Hlcifl

Fvkf. Ggn. Ly`ja 921 Tlf`tf FltfFsu`je` TFYFH^FU

[nlnbfx (>5> 96) >64;;>hlciflDhlcifle`bf`jef.crh.py

www.hlcifle`bf`jef.crh.py

Kernjje`? Gfrtf In`tnz

Kernjje` fkou`tf? Ocaf``f Xflknr

Jccrke`fje` knl rnf kn Knsfrrcllc kn jfpfjekfkns jc` n`bcqun kn knrnjacs? Gfrf ZelvefJflvc y Jlfukef TfjanjcYnspc`sfiln knl prcynjtc? Zelve`f Brf`jnz`

Nlficrfje` kn jc`tn`ekcs y nkeje`? Lues Jlfukec Jnlgf, Mfre`f Junvfs y Zelve`f Brf`jnz`

Fpcrtns? [e`f Flvfrn`hf, Hresnlkf Frefs, Gfrf Zelvef Jflvc, Jfrcle`f Bnr``knz, KenhcGfrt`nz, @crf Nketa Lnzjf`c, Zelvef Lpnz Zfbe, Lerec Lntejef Cif`kc, F`f Ycjc Cvenkc,

Gfinl Ynetnr y F`krs Rzqunz.

Nstn kcjugn`tc bcrgf pfrtn knl Trcynjtc kn Zn`seielezfje` n e`jekn`jef n` fjjec`ns knprnvn`je` kn setufjec`ns kn nxplctfje` y trfifoc nsjlfvc ve`julfkc f lf trftf kn

fkclnsjn`tns n` Tfrfhufy, jccrke`fkc pcr Hlcifl E`bf`jef n` jccpnrfje` jc` Zfvn tanJaelkrn` Zunjef.

Lf prnsn`tn puilejfje` hczf kn lf prctnjje` kn lcs knrnjacs kn lf prcpenkfk e`tnlnjtufl. @ccistf`tn, nxtrfjtcs irnvns kn lf gesgf punkn` rnprckujersn se` futcrezfje`, jc` lf

jc`keje` kn qun sn gn`jec`n lf bun`tn, tfl jcgc sn e`kejf n` lf bejaf ieilechrbejf. Tfrf

citn`nr lcs knrnjacs kn rnprckujje` knin` bcrgulfrsn lfs jcrrnspc`ken`tns sclejetukns fHlcifl E`bf`jef, sclejetukns qun snr` ien` rnjeiekfs. Zn fhrfknjn nl n`vc kn nongplfrns n`

qun sn jetn lf cirf f lcs nketcrns.

Nl usc kn u` ln`hufon qun `c kesjrege`n n`trn vfrc`ns y guonrns pcr junstec`ns kn h`nrc fs

jcgc qun nvetn lf snhrnhfje` pcr ctrcs gctevcs n`trn lfs pnrsc`fs, nspnjeflgn`tn junstec`ns

ve`julfkfs f lf nstehgftezfje` kn jc`kejec`ns e`kevekuflns y jclnjtevfs, ns u`f prncjupfje`

fgplefgn`tn kebu`kekf n` nl gietc kn lf prctnjje` y lf prcgcje` kn lcs knrnjacs augf`csy fsugekf pcr Hlcifl E`bf`jef. Tcr nllc, n` nstn kcjugn`tc sn af` e`jluekc bcrgfs knlln`hufon `c sengprn fjnptfkfs pcr lfs futcrekfkns rnjc`cjekfs n` nl gietc le`hstejc, jcgc

lf rnbnrn`jef f fgics h`nrcs n` se`hulfr y plurfl pfrf gfrjfr lf prnsn`jef kn lfs kebnrn`jefs.Fsegesgc, sn af cptfkc pcr f`tnpc`nr nl trge`c pnrsc`f f tckfs lfs ctrfs rnbnrn`jefs kn

kebnrn`jefs n`trn lcs snrns augf`cs, prnbere`kcsn pcr nongplc pnrsc`f jc` kesjfpfjekfk

f`tns qun kesjfpfjetfkc.

Fsu`je`, kejengirn kn 9441.


3/83


:

`kejnTrnsn`tfje` >

Tfrtn EVu ns lf trftf3

Gfrjc jc`jnptufl 8

F. Jc`jnptc kn trftf kn pnrsc`fs

I. Lcs be`ns kn lf trftf kn pnrsc`fs

Tfrtn EEJul ns lf setufje` n` Tfrfhufy3

Gehrfjec`ns y trftf kn pnrsc`fs 68

F. ^`f gerfkf f lf gehrfje` n` Tfrfhufy

I. Jc`kejec`ns qun bfvcrnjn` lf trftf kn pnrsc`fs

Tfrtn EEEJgc pckngcs fjtufr brn`tn f lf trftf3

Znflns kn flnrtf y cren`tfjec`ns pfrf lf fjje` 9>

F. Julns sc` lfs snflns kn flnrtf3

I. Vun pckngcs afjnr knskn `unstrcs rclns3

J. Lcs pre`jepecs pfrf `unstrf fjje`

Tfrtn ER

Jgc cs pckngcs prctnhnr3Gfrjc lnhfl n e`stetujec`fl ;5

F. Gfrjc lnhfl

I. Gfrjc e`stetujec`fl

Tfrtn R

Lc qun vevegcs, lc qun fprn`kegcsYnlftcs y fprn`kezfons n` lfs fjjec`ns kn prnvn`je` y sn`seielezfje` >>

F. Trcynjtcs n`trfgfkcsI. Lf prcpunstf gntckclhejf

J. Nl trfifoc pcr snjtcrns

K. Nl n`jun`trc n`trn snjtcrns

N. Fprn`kezfons y pnrspnjtevfs

Ieilechrfbf 19


4/83


;

Trnsn`tfje`N` lf prcgcje` y knbn`sf kn lcs knrnjacs augf`cs, nspnjeflgn`tn

kn lcs kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns, ven`n fkqueren`kc pfrtejulfr

rnlnvf`jef lf junste` kn lf trftf kn pnrsc`fs, fscjefkf fl fugn`tc kn

lfs gehrfjec`ns y nl jregn` crhfèzfkc trf`s`fjec`fl.

N` Tfrfhufy, su ficrkfon ns rnlftevfgn`tn rnjen`tn. Angcs

n`jc`trfkc qun lf gfycr pfrtn kn lfs fjjec`ns ngprn`kekfs afstf nl

gcgn`tc, lf ve`julf` f lf nxplctfje` snxufl (tfl jcgc lc nstfilnjf

nl Jkehc pn`fl yf gckebejfkc) y qun, lf prnvn`je` pregfref nstfif

rnlnhfkf f lfs jfgpffs jcguèjfjec`flns gfsevfs y f flhu`fskerehekfs f lcs punstcs kn brc`tnrf, jc` `bfses n` lf trftf

e`tnr`fjec`fl. Vunkfif` pn`ken`tns fjjec`ns kn prnvn`je` jc` lf

pfrtejepfje` kn lcs fjtcrns kn lfs jcguèkfkns y ve`julfkfs f lf

trftf e`tnr`f y f fqunllf jc` be`ns kn nxplctfje` lficrfl.

N` nl nsbunrzc pcr plf`tnfr fjjec`ns qun e`jluynrf` nstfs

pnrspnjtevfs, n` 9441, Hlcifl E`bf`jef egpuls u` prcynjtc kn

trfifoc n` kenz lcjflekfkns knl Knpfrtfgn`tc Jn`trfl n` lf

gckflekfk kn fjtuflezfje` y jfpfjetfje` n` snrvejecs pfrf fhn`tnsknl Nstfkc y fjtcrns jcguètfrecs qun punkn` e`vclujrfrsn n` lf

prnvn`je`, n`trn nllcs, èfs, ècs y fkclnsjn`tns crhfèzfkcs.

Ficrkfgcs lf prcpunstf jc` nl jc`jnptc kn trfifoc snflns kn

flnrtf y ifoc lf prngesf kn qun lfs fjjec`ns kn prnvn`je` n` lf

trftf nst` cren`tfkfs f llnhfr f tengpc.

Trnsn`tfgcs u`f jcgpelfje` kn lcs jc`tnèkcs knsfrrcllfkcs (n` lfs

pfrtns E f ER) y u` rnlftc kn lfs nxpnren`jefs jc` u` rnjun`tc kn lcs

fprn`kezfons y knsfbcs (pfrtn R).

Jc`befgcs n` qun jcgpfrter lfs nxpnren`jefs y fprn`kezfons ns u`c

kn lcs gckcs qun jc`treiuyn` pfrf jc`sclekfr fjjec`ns kn

prnvn`je`, knbn`sf kn lcs knrnjacs y nxeheielekfk kn su hfrf`tf.


5/83


>

Tfrtn E

Vu ns lf trftf3Gfrjc jc`jnptufl

F. Jc`jnptc kn trftf kn pnrsc`fs

Kebnrn`jefs n`trn trftf y trbejc kn pnrsc`fs

I. Lcs be`ns kn lf trftf kn pnrsc`fs

F . Jc`jnpt c kn t rf t f kn pnrsc`fs

Lf trftf kn pnrsc`fsns n`tn`kekf jcgc u` anjac qun e`vclujrf lf veclfje` kn lcs knrnjacs

augf`cs, qun sn fscjef f lf gcvelekfk y lf gehrfje` y qun sn e`jluyn n` nl jregn`crhfèzfkc, n` hn`nrfl kn jfrjtnr trf`s`fjec`fl.

Fl rnbnrer`cs f lf trftf kn pnrsc`fs, fsugegcs qun?

Afilfgcs kn lf jfptfje`, nl trf`spcrtn, nl trfslfkc, lf fjchekf c lf rnjnpje` kn

pnrsc`fs jc` be`ns kn nxplctfje`.

Nstf nxplctfje` punkn e`jluer juflquenr bcrgf kn nxplctfje` snxufl, kn trfifoc c

snrvejec bcrzfkc, kn nsjlfvetuk c prjtejfs segelfrns, snrvekugirn c nxtrfjje` knrhf`cs.

Zn prckujn gnkef`tn kebnrn`tns bcrgfs kn jcfjje`, n`hfc, brfukn c rfptc kn nsfpnrsc`f, c e`jlusc gnkef`tn flhu`f jc`jnse` c in`nbejec pfrf qun quen` tuvenrf

futcrekfk scirn nllf ire`kfrf nl jc`sn`tegen`tc.

Nl jc`sn`tegen`tc kn lfs pnrsc`fs citnèkc kn nstfs gf`nrfs `c sn jc`seknrf vlekcpfrf flnhfr qun `c auic trftf.

[ckf vnz qun sn jfptn, trf`spcrtn, trfslfkf, fjcof c rnjeif jc` be`ns kn nxplctfje` fècs, èfs, c fkclnsjn`tns sn jc`seknrfr nl anjac jcgc [rftf kn pnrsc`fs, e`jlusc

juf`kc `c sn afyf rnjurrekc f è`hu`c kn lcs gnkecs rnbnrekcs.

Nstfs jfrfjtnrstejfs jcrrnspc`kn` f lf knbeèje` kn trftf kn pnrsc`fs knl Trctcjclc pfrf

prnvnèr, sf`jec`fr y nrrfkejfr lf trftf kn pnrsc`fs, nspnjeflgn`tn kn guonrns y ècs,jc`cjekc jcgc Trctcjclc kn Tflnrgc, qun ùnstrc pfs af bergfkc y rftebejfkc, ns knjer, sn

af jcgprcgntekc f afjnr rnflekfk.

Lf trftf kn pnrsc`fs `c ns lc gesgc qun nl trbejc kn pnrsc`fs, fu`qun f vnjns sn usn` jcgcse lc bunrf`. Lf trftf ns u` knletc jc`trf lf leinrtfk kn lfs pnrsc`fs, n` tf`tc nl trbejc ns u`

knletc jc`trf lfs lnyns kn gehrfje` kn u` Nstfkc, qun punkn` kfrsn n` segult`nc c `c?

^`f pnrsc`f qun ns n`hffkf pfrf vefofr f Frhn`te`f y tn`nr trfifoc fll, y vf jc` sus

kcjugn`tcs n` rnhlf, sclc sn n`jun`trf n` setufje` kn trftf.


6/83


2

^`f pnrsc`f qun jruzf lf brc`tnrf vclu`tfrefgn`tn pcr pfscs `c futcrezfkcs c kc`kn

`c afy jc`trcl y ns fyukfkf pcr ctrc pfrf nllc nst n` u`f setufje` kn trbejc kn

pnrsc`fs. Ze u`f pnrsc`f vefof n`hffkf f ctrc pfs pfrf trfifofr n` l y sus kcjugn`tcs sc`

bflscs c lf sfjf` knl pfs n` bcrgf elnhfl nst` n` setufje` kn trftf y nl anjac

tfgie` ns u` trbejc kn pnrsc`fs.

N`tc`jns, lf trftf kn pnrsc`fse`vclujrf fjtevekfkns, gnkecs y be`ns

qun pnrgetn` jc`bergfr qun nstfgcs brn`tn f nllf?

N`trn lfs fjtevekfknssn n`jun`trf` lf jfptfje`, nl trfslfkc,

lf fjchekf y lf rnjnpje` kn pnrsc`fs.

Nl gnkecns sengprn nl n`hfc, lf fgn`fzf c lf jcfjje`qun e`vflekf tckc pcseiln jc`sn`tegen`tc kn lf pnrsc`f.

Nl be`punkn snr lf nxplctfje` snxufl, lf nxplctfje` lficrfl y

lcs trfifocs y snrvejecs bcrzcscs, lf jcgprf y lf vn`tf kn ècs,

èfs y fkclnsjn`tns, lcs be`ns rnlfjec`fkcs f lf jcgese` kn

knletcs y lf nxtrfjje` y jcgnrjeflezfje` kn rhf`cs y tnoekcs

knl junrpc.

Tfrf kntnrge`fr qun af afiekc trftf kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns

c qun nst afien`kc, sclc sn ten`n` n` jun`tf lfs fjtevekfkns y lcs

be`ns, `c fs lcs gnkecs.

F kebnrn`jef kn ctrcs knletcs, lf trftf ns u anjac n` prcjnsc, ns

knjer, `c knin julge`frsn tckc nl jejlc (jfptfje`, trfslfkc,

nxplctfje`).

N` u` jfsc pfrf kntnrge`fr qun sn jc`behurf lf trftf,

lf sclf jfptfje` n` qun sn kngunstrf lf e`tn`je` knl trfslfkc ifoc

n`hfc pfrf nxplctfr f flhuen` ns subejen`tn.


7/83


8

jfptfje`

trfslfkc

trf`spcrtn

fjchekf

rnjnpje`

kn pnrsc`fs ifoc

jcfjje` (fgn`fzf, usckn lf bunrzf,...)

rfptc

brfukn

n`hfc

fiusc kn pcknr c knu`f setufje` knvul`nrfielekfk

jc`jnse` c rnjnpje`kn pfhcs c in`nbejecs

qun citen`n`futcrezfje` kn ctrf

pnrsc`f n`jfrhfkf knnllf

jc` be`ns knnxplctfje`

snxufl

trfifoc c snrvejec

bcrzfkc

nsjlfvetuk cbcrgfs f`lchfs

snrvekugirn

nxtrfjje` knrhf`cs

@e`hu`c kn nstcsgnkecs punkn snrjc`seknrfkc u`

jc`sn`tegen`tckn lf vjtegf

Tfrf kntnrge`fr se auic trftf, juf`kc lf pnrsc`f ten`n gn`cs kn 61fcs kn nkfk (`ef, `ec c fkclnsjn`tn) sclc sn ten`n n` jun`tf lf

fjtevekfk y lcs be`ns, lcs gnkecs punkn` snr nstcs u ctrcs.

FJ[EREKFKNZ

GNKECZ

BE@NZ

Lf trftf kn nrsc`fs

Trctcjclc kn Tflnrgc, frt. :


8/83


Fsu`je`, Hlcifl E`bf`jef, 9441 1

I. Lcs be `ns kn l f t rft f kn pnrsc`fs

Lcs be`ns kn lf trftf kn pnrsc`fs sc` lcs qun rnflgn`tn kntnrge`f` su jfrjtnr kn jregn` y

ftn`tfkc jc`trf lcs knrnjacs augf`cs. Lf nxplctfje` ns nl ciontevc be`fl kn lf trftf,n`tn`ke`kcsn jcgc tfl nl fprcvnjafgen`tc eòustc kn u`f pnrsc`f pfrf nl in`nbejec kn ctrf

(pcr nongplc nl trfifoc c snrvejec bcrzcsc, lf nsjlfvetuk c prjtejfs f`lchfs f lf nsjlfvetuk,

lf snrvekugirn, c lf nxtrfjje` kn rhf`cs).

Lf trftf punkn tn`nr kebnrn`tns gfèbnstfjec`ns ve`julfkfs f lf nxplctfje` snxufl y lficrfl,

lf jcgprf y vn`tf kn ècs y èfs pfrf nl trbejc kn rhf`cs, lfs fkcpjec`ns elnhflns, nlgftregcèc snrvel, n`trn ctrfs. [cgf`kc jcgc ifsn nl Trctcjclc kn Tflnrgc, susjreptc pcr

Tfrfhufy, fs jcgc ctrcs e`strugn`tcs e`tnr`fjec`flns, ns egpcrtf`tn tn`nr n` jun`tf lf

nxplctfje` snxufl, lf nxplctfje` lficrfl y lcs trfifocs y snrvejecs bcrzcscs, lf jcgprf y lfvn`tf kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns, lcs be`ns rnlfjec`fkcs f lf jcgese` kn knletcs y lf

nxtrfjje` y jcgnrjeflezfje` kn rhf`cs y tnoekcs knl junrpc.

Lf nxplctfje` snxufl sn rnbenrn fl tepc kn nxplctfje` qun e`jluyn lf nxplctfje`

pfrf lf prcstetuje` fon`f y ctrfs bcrgfs jcgc lf pcr`chrfbf c nl turesgc snxufl,n`trn ctrfs. Tfrf nl jfsc, `cs e`tnrnsf` lfs sehuen`tns?

c Nxplctfje` kn lf prcstetuje` fon`f. Ns lf bcrgf gs jc`cjekf kn trftf kn

pnrsc`fs. Lf vjtegf ns e`kujekf, cilehfkf c bcrzfkf f nonrjnr nl jcgnrjec knlsnxc jc`trf su vclu`tfk y n` in`nbejec knl c lf trftf`tn.

N` nl jfsc kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns nl jc`sn`tegen`tc `c pckr snr tnèkcjcgc vlekc, n` vertuk knl pre`jepec kn lf futc`cgf prchrnsevf.

Lf llfgfkf prcstetuje` e`bf`tel jcgc bcrgf kn vecln`jef fscjefkf f ctrcs

anjacs puèilns, n` rnflekfk ns u`f bcrgf kn nxplctfje` kn lf prcstetuje`fon`f.

Nxplctfje` snxufl

Nxplctfje` lficrfl

Jcgprf y vn`tf knècs, èfs y

fkclnsjn`tns

Jcgese` kn knletcs

Nxtrfjje` yjcgnrjeflezfje` kn

rhf`cs y tnoekcs

Be`ns

kn lf trftf

Nxplctfje` kn lf prcstetuje` fon`fTrckujje` kn pcr`chrfbf[uresgc snxufl

Nxplctfje` n` lf fhrejulturf, lf tflfkn gfknrf, lf ge`nrf, lf hf`fknrf ylfs birejfs.Nxplctfje` n` nl trfifoc kcgstejcGftregcècs snrvelnsYnjlutfgen`tc bcrzcsc


9/83



c Tcr`chrfbf. Lf prckujje` pcr`chrbejf nst ve`julfkf f lf e`kustref knl snxc, se`

ngifrhc, n` jfscs kn trftf pfrf nxplctfje` snxufl, lfs vjtegfs sc` jcfjjec`fkfs

f knsngpnfrsn jc`trf su vclu`tfk, qun punkn e`jluer knskn ifelns y knsbelnscren`tfkcs f lf nxjetfje` afstf prjtejfs snxuflns pcjc jc`vn`jec`flns, pfsf`kc

pcr nxpcseje` kn hnètflns, n`trn ctrcs.Ns jfkf vnz gs brnjun`tn qun lfs gfbefs jfptn` sus vjtegfs f trfvs kn

E`tnr`nt.

N` nl jfsc kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns sengprn rnsultf` vjtegfs puns tfgpcjc

sn jc`seknrf qun nst` n` jc`kejec`ns kn kfr su jc`sn`tegen`tc pfrf pfrtejepfr n`

lf e`kustref pcr`chrbejf. N` Tfrfhufy jc`tfgcs jc` u`f lny qun sf`jec`f lfutelezfje` kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns n` pcr`chrfbf (lny 9216/42).

c [uresgc snxufl. Gckflekfk qun ve`julf lf e`kustref knl snxc jc` nl turesgc. Znn`ten`kn qun nl gnrjfkc snxufl ns nl gvel turstejc gs egpcrtf`tn, pcr lc qun

sn flen`tf f qun lcs knste`cs turstejcs ùnvcs jun`tn` jc` snrvejecs snxuflns pfrf

lcs y lfs turestfs.

@ecs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns sc` nl ciontevc prnbnrekc kn nstn tepc kn turesgc,

pre`jepflgn`tn n` lcs pfsns kc`kn lf lnheslfje` `c jc`tngplf sf`jec`ns guynlnvfkfs, lf fkgeèstrfje` kn oustejef ten`n fltc hrfkc kn jcrrupje` y lf

egpuèkfk sn gf`ten`n.

Lf nxplctfje` lficrfl y lcs trfifocs y snrvejecs bcrzfkcs. Nl trfifoc c snrvejec

bcrzfkc ns nl nxehekc f u`f pnrsc`f ifoc lf fgn`fzf kn u`f pn`f juflquenrf y pfrf nl

jufl kejaf pnrsc`f `c sn cbrnjn vclu`tfrefgn`tn6.

N` lf gfycrf kn lcs jfscs, lf nxplctfje` lficrfl trf`sjurrn kn`trc kn lf njc`cgf

e`bcrgfl, se` ngifrhc nl prckujtc n` flh` gcgn`tc punkn n`trfr f jcgnrjeflezfrsnn` lf njc`cgf bcrgfl (pfhf egpunstcs, sn vn`kn n` ten`kfs afieletfkfs, jc` pnrsc`fln` ilf`jc, ntj.). N`trn ctrfs fjtevekfkns prckujtevfs, lfs pnrsc`fs sc` nxplctfkfs n ?

c Lf fhrejulturf. E`kevekucs, bfgelefs c jclnjtevcs sc` trfslfkfkcs pfrf pfrtejepfr n`fjtevekfkns fhrjclfs qun vf` knskn lf jcsnjaf kn lf jff kn fzjfr, f lf rnjchekf

kn lf jfstff, ntj. Nstfs pnrsc`fs sc` nxplctfkfs, scgntekfs c fgn`fzfkfs jc`nl pfhc kn u`f knukf qun `c punkn` sclvn`tfr.

N` ùnstrc pfs, sunln` rnflezfrsn nstfs fjtevekfkns n` pnrckcs kn sengirf y

jcsnjaf, nspnjeflgn`tn kurf`tn lf zfbrf.

c

Lf tflf kn gfknrf. Tnrsc`fs ovn`ns y fkultfs sc` rnjlutfkfs y trfslfkfkfs fluhfrns rngctcs jc` nl be` kn jcrtfr riclns y gfknrf. Nstfs pnrsc`fs nst` fgnùkc scgntekfs f knukfs y knscren`tfkfs n` zc`fs flnofkfs y kn kebjel fjjnsc.

Lf kebejultfk pfrf cren`tfrsn n` nstn tnrrn`c bfvcrnjn lf trftf c nl trfifocbcrzfkc.

N` ùnstrc pfs, rnsult kurf`tn gujac tengpc u`f bcrgf kn nxplctfje`

scstnèkf pre`jepflgn`tn n` lfs zc`fs icsjcsfs kn Jffhufz, Jfè`kny, FltcTfrf` y nl `crtn kn Etfpf. Lfs vevn`jefs kn lfs bfgelefs qun subrf` pcr nstfs

jc`kejec`ns bunrc` rnlftfkfs fgplefgn`tn pcr Fuhustc Ycf Ifstcs n` Aeoc kn

6Jb. Jc vn ec 95 kn lf CE[. Rnr :.


10/83



Acgirn y sus knrnjacs bunrc` knbn`kekcs n` lcs flicrns knl sehlc QQ pcr Yfbfnl

Ifrrnt.

c Lf ge`nrf. N` vfrecs pfsns, lf nxtrfjje` ge`nrf sn rnflezf n` bcrgfs segelfrns flfs kn lf tflf kn gfknrf (lnocs kn lcs jn`trcs urif`cs, jc` jc`kejec`ns

e`fknjufkfs kn vekf y kn trfifoc, jc` fltf knpn`kn`jef knl pftr` kesbrfzfkf knsflfrecs, ntj.).

c Lf hf`fknrf. Lf fjtevekfk hf`fknrf ns nsjn`frec kn setufjec`ns kn trftf n` lfsqun lfs pnrsc`fs sc` bcrzfkfs f trfifofr se` qun rnjeif` u` sflfrec c rngu`nrfje`

fknjufkfs.

N` ùnstrc pfs, subrn` nstfs jc`kejec`ns lcs pnc`ns kn nstf`jef y,pre`jepflgn`tn, lcs gengircs kn lfs jcguèkfkns e`khn`fs n` lfs zc`fs

hf`fknrfs quen`ns, fl snr tflfkcs lcs gc`tns kc`kn rnsekn` jc` nl be` kn hn`nrfrpfstezflns pfrf nl hf`fkc, knin` iusjfr ctrfs bcrgfs kn suisestn`jef y f`nxfrsn f

lcs sestngfs cjjekn`tflns.

c Lfs birejfs. Lcs kebnrn`tns prcjnscs gfùbfjturnrcs se` jc`trcl flhu`c kn lfs

futcrekfkns kf` jfiekf f lf trftf kn pnrsc`fs, quen`ns sc` bcrzfkfs f trfifofr se`

knsjf`sc y se` rngu`nrfje`.

Lfs tn`kn`jefs kn lf hlciflezfje` jfpetflestf hn`nrfrc` lf knslcjflezfje` y lf

tnrjnrezfje`. Lfs hrf`kns ngprnsfs yf `c bfirejf` sus prckujtcs, se`c qun sc`ctrfs ngprnsfs qun lc afjn` pcr nllfs y sn e`stflf` n` luhfrns kc`kn lcs hcienr`cs

pfrf ftrfnrlfs lns cbrnjn` gnkekfs nxjnpjec`flns? ifocs egpunstcs, nxjnpjec`ns f

lfs prctnjjec`ns lficrflns kn lcs ngplnfkcs y afstf snrvejecs kn hufrkef ysnhurekfk f jfrhc knl Nstfkc.

Nstfs setufjec`ns, bcgn`tf` qun gujafs pnrsc`fs knl pfs sn gukn` f nstfs zc`fsn` iusjf kn trfifoc y qun n` nllfs sn fjnptn` jc`kejec`ns lficrflns e`brfaugf`fs

y afstf n` jc`kejec`ns kn nsjlfvetuk. Vuen`ns rnjlutf` f nstcs trfifofkcrns ynstfs trfifofkcrfs, lcs y lfs trfslfkn` afstf nl luhfr y quen`ns lcs gf`tn`hf` n`

nsfs jc`kejec`ns sc` rnspc`sfilns kn lf trftf kn nstfs pnrsc`fs.

Juf`kc ctrc pfs cbrnjn gnocrns jc`kejec`ns pfrf lf ngprnsf, nstf sn gukfknof`kc tckc fif`kc`fkc9.

c Nl trfifoc kcgstejc. Ns u`f kn lfs bcrgfs gs nxtn`kekfs kn trftf, se` ngifrhc,ns guy kebjel kn jcgifter punstc qun trf`sjurrn n` lf nsbnrf kcgstejf y n`

jc`kejec`ns kn nxtrngf vul`nrfielekfk kn lf vjtegf quen` knpn`kn knl

vejtegfrec.

Nl trfifoc kcgstejc n` jc`kejec`ns kn trftf egplejf qun lf pnrsc`f `c jun`tf

jc` lcs rnjurscs pfrf knofr nstf tfrnf, flnofrsn kn lf bfgelef pfrf lf jufl trfifofè jc`tfjtfr jc` su bfgelef c jc` quen` punkf fyukfrln f gckebejfr lf setufje`.

Hn`nrflgn`tn, `c sn rnjein sflfrec c nstn ns u` kesbrfz pfrf pfhfr u`f e`gn`sfknukf pcr lc qun sn jc`sugn, pcr nl flcofgen`tc n e`jlusc pcr nl vefon qun sn

aezc.

9Jb. @fcge Mlne (9449)?@c lchc. Nl pcknr kn lfs gfrjfs. Iun cs Ferns? Tfeks= @crnf Anrtz (9449)?Nl pcknr n` lf scgirf.Iun cs Ferns? Tlf ntf.


11/83



Gujafs vnjns nl trfifoc kcgstejc ns lf f`tnsflf kn ctrfs bcrgfs kn nxplctfje`.

Nstf setufje` bun `frrfkf n` nl jun`tc Iflkcsfs `nhrfs y iflkcsfs ilf`jfs kn

Kergf Tfrkc kn Jfruhftte, llnvfkf f lf tnlnvese` jcgc Nl snjrntc kn lf Zncrf,pcr Nkkf kn lcs Ycs.

Nl trfifoc kcgstejc kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns n` jc`kejec`ns kn nxplctfje`nst guy nxtn`kekc n` Fgrejf lfte`f y ctrfs pfrtns knl gu`kc. N` Tfrfhufy, lfs

jrefketfs y lcs jrefketcs sc` ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns qun subrn`nxplctfje` y su jc`keje` rn`n tckcs lcs rnquesetcs knsjretcs n` nl prrfbc

f`tnrecr? `c ten`n` lcs rnjurscs pfrf sflersn kn lf setufje`, nst` lnocs kn su

bfgelef, fsugn` qun nstf setufje` ns `crgfl, lcs y lfs fkclnsjn`tns `c rnjein`pfhc flhu`c pcr su trfifoc:.

F pfrter kn n`trnvestfs f guonrns fkultfs qun n` su ènz bunrc` jrefketfs, u`hrupc kn nsjretcrns y nsjretcrfs rnkfjt jun`tcs qun `frrf` lfs aestcrefs, nstcs

jun`tcs bunrc` rnuèkcs n` Jrefkfs, afstf ju`kc3;

c

Lf gn`kejekfk. Lf gn`kejekfk, ns u`f kn lfs be`flekfkns kn lf trftf qun sn ven`nnxtn`ken`kc pre`jepflgn`tn pcr lcs nbnjtcs knl fugn`tc kn lf pcirnzf y knl

`gnrc kn pnrsc`fs n` jc`kejec`ns kn pcirnzf.

Lf gn`kejekfk `c hn`nrf trf`sfjje` njc`gejf, prnstfje` kn snrvejecs è

rnlfje` lficrfl flhu`f= quen` ire`kf lf legcs`f lf ctcrhf n` kc`fje` f bfvcr knquen` lf sclejetf.

c Nl gftregcèc snrvel. Ns ctrf bcrgf kn nxplctfje` qun sn knsfrrcllf n` lf nsbnrf

kcgstejf, fprcvnjaf`kc nl v`julc belefl c gftregcèfl pfrf nxplctfr.

Zn jc`seknrf` rnlfjec`ns gftregcèflns kn jfrjtnr snrvel fqunllfs n` qun punkn`

kfrsn lf nxplctfje` snxufl, rnprckujtevf c kcgstejf. Lf nxplctfje` snxufl y lfkcgstejf sn prckujn` tfl jcgc sn knsjreie f`tnrecrgn`tn pnrc lf vjtegf ns nl

c lf j`yuhn. N` lf nxplctfje` rnprckujtevf sn cilehf f lf pnrsc`fs f tn`nr aeocsn aeofs n` jc`trf kn su vclu`tfk.

Kebnrn`tns bcrgfs kn gftregcèc snrvel sc` fjnptfkfs scjeflgn`tn, pcrqun sn

jc`seknrf qun lf guonr nst fl snrvejec knl acgirn y knin afjnr lc qun ln e`kequn,knin kfrln knsjn`kn`jef (gnocr se sc` aeocs vfrc`ns), jrefrlf (f lfs èfs pfrf

snr iun`fs guonrns y f lcs vfrc`ns pfrf snr gfjacs jcgc nl pfkrn) y nstfr flsnrvejec knl gfrekc (n` lf jfgf, n` lf jcje`f, ntj.).

Ze` ngifrhc, pfrf qun sn jc`behurn lf trftf knin prckujersn lf jfptfje` y nl

trfslfkc kn lf pnrsc`f f ctrc luhfr kc`kn snr vjtegf kn nstf bcrgf knnxplctfje`. N` cjfsec`ns lfs vjtegfs sc` jfptfkfs e`tnr`fjec`flgn`tn f trfvs

kn E`tnr`nt c fhn`jefs gftregcèflns jlf`knste`fs.

Zengprn qun sn trftf kn u`f pnrsc`f jc` gn`cs kn 61 fcs nl jc`sn`tegen`tc `c

sn ten`n n` jun`tf pfrf e`kejfr qun `c auic trftf.

: Jb. Lues Jlfukec Jnlgf (944:)? Jrefkfzhc y knrnjacs kn lf ènz. Gkulc kn futcbcrgfje` pfrf kcjn`tns. Fsu je ?Hlcifl...E bf jef= [e f Flvfrn hf, Gfrtf In tnz y Ocaf f Xflknr (944>)? F`t ehufs jcst ugirns, prjt ejfs ùnvfs.E`tnrvn`jec`ns n` nl sehlc QQE.Fsu je ? Hlcifl...E bf jef y FJKE Tfrfhufy= Jlykn Zctc, Gerefg Hc zlnz y Cbnlef Gfrt nz (9449)?

Nvflufje` rpekf scirn trfifoc e`bf`tel kcgstejc n` achfrns kn tnrjnrcs n` Tfrfhufy.Fsu je ? CE[ y JKN.;FLRFYN@HF, [e f jcgpelfkcrf (9444)?Jrefkfs... Afstf ju`kc3Fsu je ? HLCIFL...E bf jef.


12/83



c Ynjlutfgen`tc bcrzcsc. Zn rnjlutf f èfs, ècs, fkclnsjn`tns c ovn`ns jc` be`ns

kn nxplctfje` n` fjtevekfkns geletfrns c pfrfgeletfrns. [en`n luhfr n` setufjec`ns

kn jc`blejtc frgfkc pcr pfrtn kn gcvegen`tcs hunrrellnrcs c pcr lfs gesgfsbunrzfs frgfkfs. F lfs pnrsc`fs sn lns cilehf f lujafr n` jcgiftn c n` ctrfs

tfrnfs rnqunrekfs n` lcs n`trfgfkcs geletfrns.N` Tfrfhufy, lf prctnjje` jc`trf nstfs bcrgfs nst` pre`jepflgn`tn ve`julfkfs f

lf rnstrejje` kn qun lfs Bunrzfs Frgfkfs rnflejn` rnkfkfs, lc jufl bunjc`sfhrfkc n` lf Jc`stetuje` `fjec`fl (6559) jc` lf e`jluse` kn lf cionje` kn

jc`jen`jef fl Znrvejec geletfr cilehftcrec y jc` rnetnrfkfs lnyns, knjrntcs y

rnsclujec`ns n` nstf pnrspnjtevf.

Lf knbeèje` kn trfifoc bcrzcsc jc`stf kn kcs nlngn`tcs isejcs? pcr u` lfkc, nl

trfifoc c snrvejec sn nxehn ifoc lf fgn`fzf kn u`f pn`f= pcr ctrc, nstn sn llnvf fjfic kn bcrgf e`vclu`tfref. N`tc`jns, nl nlngn`tc bu`kfgn`tfl ns lf jcnrje`, qun

pckrf snr f trfvs kn vecln`jef c jcnrje` bsejf, c pckrf snr gnjfèsgcs gs sutelns

jcgc lf jc`besjfje` kn kcjugn`tcs kn ekn`tekfk, fiusf`kc kn lf vul`nrfielekfk knpnrsc`fs pfrf sfjfr u`f vn`tfof njc`gejf eòustf. Nl trfifoc bcrzcsc `c punkn

nquepfrfrsn segplngn`tn jc` sflfrecs ifocs c jc` jc`kejec`ns kn trfifoc prnjfrefs.

F be` kn kntnrge`fr nxfjtfgn`tn qun prjtejfs jc`stetuyn` lf nsjlfvetuk, ns `njnsfrec

jc`seknrfr sus jerju`stf`jefs?

c nl hrfkc kn rnstrejje` qun tn`hf u`f pnrsc`f kn su leinrtfk kn gcvegen`tc=

c nl hrfkc kn jc`trcl qun ten`n lf pnrsc`f scirn sus pcsnsec`ns pnrsc`flns=

c lf nxestn`jef kn jc`sn`tegen`tc e`bcrgfkc y nl n`tn`kegen`tc kn lf `fturflnzf knlf rnlfje` qun nxestn n`trn lfs pfrtn.


13/83


Fsu`je`, Hlcifl E`bf`jef, 9441 6:

KN[NYGE@FJE@ KNL [YFIFOC BCY_CZCN@ LF TYJ[EJF

Fusn`jef kn jc`sn`tegen`tc pfrf rnflezfr nl trfifoc(eèjec knl trfifoc bcrzcsc)?

Yfptc c snjunstrc bsejc

Rn`tf kn u`f pnrsc`f f ctrf

Jc`be`fgen`tc bsejc n` nl luhfr kn trfifoc, n` jrjnl c

luhfr prevfkc kn kntn`je`.

Jcfjje` psejclhejf (crkn` kn trfifofr fjcgpffkf kn

u`f fgn`fzf jrniln n` jfsc kn e`jugplegen`tc).

N`knukfgen`tc e`kujekc (jun`tfs bflsf, fugn`tc

nxfhnrfkc kn prnjecs, rnkujje` knl vflcr kn ien`ns csnrvejecs prckujekcs, jcirc kn e`tnrnsns nxjnsevcs,).

N`hfc c bflsfs prcgnsfs scirn nl tepc y lfs jc`kejec`ns

kn trfifoc.

Yntn`je` c `c pfhc kn sflfrecs.

Yntn`je` kn kcjugn`tcs kn ekn`tekfk u ctrcs nbnjtcs

pnrsc`flns kn vflcr.

Fgn`fzfs kn pn`f(gnkecs pfrf gf`tn`nr

f u`f pnrsc`f n` trfifoc bcrzcsc)?

Recln`jef bsejf jc`trf lf pnrsc`f, su bfgelef u ctrfs

pnrsc`fs jnrjf`fs f nllf.

Recln`jef snxufl.

Fgn`fzf kn rnprnsflefs scirn`fturflns.

N`jfrjnlfje` u ctrfs bcrgfs kn jc`be`fgen tc bsejc.

Tn`fs be`f`jenrfs.

Fgn`fzf kn knù`jef f`tn lfs futcrekfkns (pclejf,

futcrekfkns kn e`gehrfje`, ntj.) y kn knpcrtfje`.

Fgn`fzf kn knspekc knl punstc kn trfifoc.

Lf jcgprf y lf vn`tf kn èfs, ècs y fkclnsjn`tns. Inis, ècs y èfs sc`

sustrfkcs, snjunstrfkcs c flnofkcs kn sus bfgelefs f jfgiec kn u`f sugf kn ke`nrc u

ctrcs in`nbejecs pfrf sus bfgelefrns c lfs pnrsc`fs qun lcs n`hff`.

Fu` juf`kc `c sn jc`behurn lf trftf, sn n`ten`kn qun lf prcpef vn`tf knl suontc

jc`benrn u`f nxplctfje` e`knpn`ken`tngn`tn knl knste`c knl èc, èf yfkclnsjn`tn.

Juf`kc u` èc c u`f èf ns jc`seknrfkc jcgc u` ciontc kn jcgnrjec, sn hn`nrfu`f setufje` knhrfkf`tn y kn nxplctfje`, puns nl trftf`tn utelezf fl èc pfrf

prcvnjac prcpec kn u` gckc fiusevc.


14/83


Fsu`je`, Hlcifl E`bf`jef, 9441 6;

N` ùnstrc pfs, nl trbejc kn inis bun jcgiftekc kn kebnrn`tns bcrgfs. Lf Lny kn

Fkcpjec`ns (66:2/58) kespusc lf suspn`se` prcvescref kn lfs fkcpjec`nse`tnr`fjec`flns, afstf tf`tc sn foustfrf` lcs prcjnkegen`tcs pfrf fsnhurfr qun `c

auienrf vn`tf kn ècs y èfs.

Bfvcrnjn` fjtuflgn`tn n` Tfrfhufy lf jcgprf y vn`tf kn ècs y èfs lfs

jc`kejec`ns kn vecln`jef kcgstejf, gfltrftc e`bf`tel y fiusc snxufl n` qun vevn` lfsbfgelefs, nl fugn`tc kn lf pcirnzf qun bunrzf f lf nxplctfje` njc`gejf kn ècs y

èfs nspnjeflgn`tn jrefketfs y jrefketcs-, lfs kebejultfkns n` lf e`sjrepje` y nl

rnhestrc kn lcs `fjegen`tcs, lcs prcilngfs fkgeèstrftevcs pfrf lfs fkcpjec`ns, lfknhrfkfje` knl aietft rurfl n e`khn`f qun nxpulsf f lfs bfgelefs knl jfgpc afjef lf

jeukfk, n`trn ctrfs >.

Juflquenr e`stetuje` c prjtejf kc`kn u` èc, u`f èf c fkclnsjn`tn ns n`trnhfkc

pcr su pfkrn y su gfkrn, c u`c kn nllcs, c pcr su tutcr c tutcrf, f ctrf pnrsc`f,

gnkef`tn rngu`nrfje` c se` nllf, jc` nl prcpsetc kn qun sn nxplctn lf pnrsc`f c nltrfifoc knl èc c knl ocvn` punkn snr jc`seknrfkf tfgie` u`f bcrgf kn nsjlfvetuk y

trfifoc bcrzcsc.

Be`ns rnlfjec`fkcs f lfjcgese` kn knletcs.Gujafs vjtegfs kn trftf sc` utelezfkfs

pfrf jcgntnr c pfrtejepfr n` fjtcs knlejtevcs jcgc rcic, `frjctrbejc c lfvfkc knke`nrc, ntj. N` nstf jftnhcrf lfs vjtegfs snrf` fqunllfs qun sc` nxplctfkfs, vn`

rntnèkcs sus kcjugn`tcs y fùlfkf su leinrtfk.

Nxtrfjje` y jcgnrjeflezfje` kn rhf`cs y tnoekcs. Ns u`f kn lfs bcrgfs gs

jrun`tfs kn lf trftf qun rngetn f lf jcgprf y vn`tf kn rhf`cs, tnoekcs, bluekcs c

sf`hrn kn lfs pnrsc`fs.Lfs pnrsc`fs sc` cpnrfkfs (e`tnrvnèkfs querrhejfgn`tn) pfrf lf nxtrfjje` kn

rhf`cs, puken`kc c `c pnrgf`njnr vevfs knspus kn lf cpnrfje` knpn`ken`kc knlcs rhf`cs y tnoekcs nxtrfkcs-.

>Ouf Gehunl Tntet (944>)? E`bcrgn knl Ynlftcr nspnjefl kn @fjec`ns ^èkfs scirn lf Rn`tf kn ècs, lf prcstet uje` e`b f`tel y l futele zfje` kn ècs n` pcr`chrfbf. Gese` fl Tfrfhufy.Fsu je ? ejnb.


15/83


Fsu`je`, Hlcifl E`bf`jef, 9441 6>

Tfrtn EE.

Jul ns lf setufje` n` Tfrfhufy3Gehrfjec`ns y trftf kn pnrsc`fsF. ^`f gerfkf f lf gehrfje` n` Tfrfhufy

6. Lf gehrfje` e`tnr`f n` nl pfs

9. Lf gehrfje` e`tnr`fjec`fl

I. Jc`kejec`ns qun bfvcrnjn` lf trftf kn pnrsc`fs

^`f `ctf scirn lfs jc`kejec`ns julturflns

Lcs jrefketcs y lfs jrefketfs

F . `f ge rfkf f l f ge hrfje` n` Tfrfhufy2

F lc lfrhc kn su aestcref, Tfrfhufy af pfsfkc pcr keste`tcs gcgn`tcs aestrejcs n` lcs qun lfs

gehrfjec`ns y lfs pnrsc`fs qun sn gcvelezf` af` knsngpnfkc u` rcl prctfhèjc. Jen`tcs kngelns sc` lcs pfrfhufycs y lfs pfrfhufyfs qun af` nlnhekc lf fltnr`ftevf kn lf gehrfje`,

vclu`tfref c e`vclu`tfrefgn`tn.

Fjtuflgn`tn, Tfrfhufy jc`te`f fsesten`kc f u` e`tn`sc bluoc gehrftcrec. Lf ekf fl nxtnrecr kn

jc``fjec`flns n` iusjf kn gnocrns cpcrtuèkfkns sehun sen`kc u`f jc`stf`tn. Lf gcvelekfkaugf`f ns u` tngf qun ten`n u`f kernjtf egplejfje` n` lf vekf kn ècs, èfs, fkclnsjn`tns

y ovn`ns? n` lf gnkekf n` qun sc` suontcs scjeflns kn knrnjacs, sc` jeukfkf`cs y

jeukfkf`fs, y nl knsfrrfehc prckujekc pcr lf gehrfje` egpfjtf kernjtfgn`tn n` lf bcrgfje`kn su ekn`tekfk.

Jlsejfgn`tn lfs trns bcrgfs kn gehrfje` sc`?

Lf gehrfje` e`tnr`f, nl knsplfzfgen`tc kn`trc knl pfs=

Lf e`gehrfje`, c snf, lf vnèkf kn jeukfkf`cs nxtrfònrcs y

Lf ngehrfje`, kn jc``fjec`flns fl nxtnrecr.

Nstfs sc` lfs trns bcrgfs jlsejfs kn gehrfje`, pnrc n` lfs ltegfs trns kjfkfs, af` sekcgctevcs kn nstukec ctrfs bcrgfs kn knsplfzfgen`tc nspfjefl kn lf pcilfje`.

Tre`jepflgn`tn, n` nl jfsc pfrfhufyc, lfs gehrfjec`ns trf`sbrc`tnrezfs, qun ten`n`gujasegf egpcrtf`jef n` ùnstrc pfs, rnjcrkngcs qun nl >6% kn lf pcilfje`

urif`f knl pfs vevn n` l`nfs kn brc`tnrf, n`tc`jns, nstc gfrjf u`f kebnrn`jef

egpcrtf`tsegf.

2Nlficrfkc f pfrter kn [cgs Tflfu (9442) Lfs gehrfjec ns n Tfrfhufy n Lues Jlfukec Jnlgf (9448)? Tfrfhufy n` gcvegen`tc.

Nl knsfbc kn afjnr rnflekfk lcs knrnjacs augf`cs. Fsu je ? Hlcifl...E bf jef, n prn sf= F krs Rzqunz (9442)? Lfnstfgpekf gehrftcref kn Tfrfhufy.Fsu je ? Hrupc Lu f unvf, kcjugn tc e ketc.


16/83



Tfrfhufy ns nl èjc pfs kn Zukfgrejf qun ten`n su jfpetfl afjen`kc brc`tnrf

kernjtf jc` ctrc pfs (Fsu`je` sn n`jun`trf prjtejfgn`tn brn`tn f Jlcre`kf,Frhn`te`f), gen`trfs qun ùgnrcsfs jeukfkns nst` ftrfvnsfkfs pcr lf l`nf brc`tnrezf

(n` Tnkrc Ouf` Jfifllnrc u`f fvnèkf `cs snpfrf kn Tc`tf Tcr= n` Inllf Restf @crtn,Jeukfk knl Nstn y N`jfr`fje` sn trftf kn u` pun`tn= gen`trfs qun lcs jrujns kn

brc`tnrf ftrfvnsf`kc lcs rcs sc` nl pf` jctekef`c n` gujafs jeukfkns y pcilfkcs).

Lcs knsplfzfgen`tcs kn jcrtf c gnkef kurfje` se` jfgiec kn rnsekn`jef, af`

fugn`tfkc n` nl ltegc tengpc, tf`tc kn`trc knl pfs jcgc bunrf kn l.

6. Lf gehrfje` e`tnr`f n` nl pfs

Tcr lnocs, nl bluoc gehrftcrec gs egpcrtf`tn n` nl Tfrfhufy ns nl kn lf gehrfje` e`tnr`f.

Nstf punkn snr jlfsebejfkf n` juftrc kernjjec`ns?

Lf gehrfje` urif`f-rurfl, c snf, kc`kn lfs pnrsc`fs vf` kn lf jeukfk fl jfgpc.Nstn ns nl bluoc jc` gn`cr gcvegen`tc n` lf aestcref kn Tfrfhufy, pcrqun `c afyprcjnscs kn rurflezfje`.

Lf gehrfje` rurfl-rurfl, qun e`jluyn f lfs pnrsc`fs qun vf` kn u`f zc`f rurfl f ctrf.

Afstf 6584 bun guy egpcrtf`tn n` ùnstrc pfs, pcrqun nrf nl jfgpnse`fkc qun sn

gcvf kn rnfs kn fsn`tfgen`tc trfkejec`fl f rnfs kn ùnvf jclcèzfje`. Tnrc, lfstenrrfs se` kuncs sn fjfifrc` yf, fll pcr be`ns kn lf kjfkf knl 84, n`tc`jns, nsn

bluoc jfse knsfpfrnje.

Lf gehrfje` urif`f-urif`f, hn`tn kn u`f jeukfk qun vf f ctrf.

Jc`bcrgn f lcs kftcs nstfkstejcs kespcèilns (n`junstfs e`tnhrfkfs y pnrgf`n`tns),

nstf gckflekfk ns lf qun gs af jrnjekc n` lcs ltegcs vne`tn fcs. Tnrc punknrnsultfr n`hfcsf, pcrqun rnblnof lcs jfgiecs kn kcgejelecs kn`trc kn u` gesgc

snjtcr urif`c, pcr nongplc, rnhestrf qun u`f pnrsc`f qun n` 6519 vevf n` Luqun, n`6559 sn guk f Zf` Lcrn`zc

Nstc `cs gunstrf qun afy u`f e`nstfielekfk afietfjec`fl kn lf pcilfje`, lf hn`tn qunvevn n` lfs jeukfkns ten`n qun jfgiefrsn kn rnsekn`jef jc` gfycr brnjun`jef qun

f`tns.

Lf gehrfje` rurfl-urif`f, c snf, lf hn`tn knl jfgpc qun sn knsplfzf f lf jeukfk.

Nstn bn`gn`c ns guy prcpec kn Fgrejf lfte`f. Ngpnz f kfrsn jc` lfe`kustreflezfje` qun vevenrc` flhu`cs pfsns, pnrc `c Tfrfhufy. Jeukfkns jcgcIun`cs Ferns, Zf` Tfilc, Zf`tefhc kn Jaeln, Vuetc y Legf yf nrf` jeukfkns

egpcrtf`tns jc` gs kn kcs gellc`ns kn afietf`tns, juf`kc f be`ns kn lcs >4,Tfrfhufy tn`f tckfvf gs knl sntn`tf pcr jen`tc kn pcilfje` rurfl.

N` 65>4, 8 kn jfkf 64 pfrfhufycs y pfrfhufyfs vevf` n` zc`fs rurflns, gen`trfs qunn` 9449 sclfgn`tn ; kn jfkf 64.

N` Tfrfhufy, jcgc `c auic e`kustreflezfje` f lf nsjflf kn lcs ctrcs pfsns, nl prcjnsc

kn urifèzfje` bun guy tfrkc, sn e`tn`sebejf rnflgn`tn f pfrter kn lf kjfkf knl 84y sn rnblnof n` nl Jn`sc kn 6519. Zn knin pre`jepflgn`tn f lfs hrf`kns ngprnsfs kn

jc`strujjec`ns jcgc Etfep y Ufjyrnt.


17/83



Tfrf flhu`cs pn`sfkcrns sn trftf gs kn u`f tuhurezfje`8 qun kn u`f urifèzfje`.

Ns knjer, sn jrnf` tuhurecs? lfs jeukfkns `c nstfif` prnpfrfkfs pfrf rnjeier u` bluoc

kn bfgelefs jfgpnse`fs, qun tn`f` gujafs jcgpntn`jefs n` u` gc`t` knfjtevekfkns fhrjclfs, pnrc qun nstfif` guy pcjc n`trn`fkfs pfrf n`brn`tfr u`

fgien`tn urif`c qun lns rnsultfrf acstel.Nstn prcjnsc kn urifèzfje` cinknjn f u`f jc`jn`trfje` pcilfjec`fl, gs qun fu`f plfèbejfje` tnrretcrefl, rnhestrfkf n` Fsu`je` y Jn`trfl, qun ou`tfs rn`n` f

jnrjf kn 6 gell` 144 gel pnrsc`fs, ns knjer, 6 kn jfkf : afietf`tns knl pfs.

Nstn bn`gn`c, sn e tn`sebejf f be`ns kn lcs 84 y sn vunlvn f e`tn`sebejfr f be`ns kn

lcs 54, guy lehfkc f prcjnscs fhrfrecs?

c n` lf pregnrf clnfkf, yf f be`ns kn lf kjfkf kn lcs 84, bun lf nxpf`se` kngc`cjultevcs pfrf lf nxpcrtfje`, juf`kc n`trn 658: y 6514 sn pfsf kn tn`nr 24

gel anjtrnfs kn scof f tn`nr prjtejfgn`tn 6 gell`, n` lcs 14 sn nxpulsf fltrfifofkcr y lf trfifofkcrf knl jfgpc. Lf trfkejec`fl gehrfje` rurfl urif`f

jrnjn fs gujasegc gs rpekc qun f`tns.

c n` lf snhu`kf clnfkf kn nxpf`se` kn lf sengirf kn lf scof, f be`ns kn lcs 54,

jrnjn tckfvf gs nstf gehrfje`, pcrqun sn e`jcrpcrf lf sngellf hn`tejfgn`tn

gckebejfkf c trf`shèjf, y sn fgplf prjtejfgn`tn kn 6 gell` kn anjtrnfs f9,9 gellc`ns, jcgc sc` lfs qun sn vf` f jultevfr n` nl jejlc fhrjclf knl 9442-9448.

Nsf nxpf`se` knl rnf kn sengirf sn afjn scirn tenrrfs qun sc` hf`fknrfs cjfgpnse`fs. Zn nstegf qun, gs c gn`cs, nl ;4% kn lf ùnvf supnrbejen

e`jcrpcrfkf kn lf scof afif nstfkc cjupfkf pcr bfgelefs jfgpnse`fs, nstc kf,n`tc`jns u` retgc prcgnkec kn 944 gel ùnvfs anjtrnfs pcr fc y llnvf f qun kn

54 f 644 gel pnrsc`fs qun vevn` n` rnfs rurflns fùflgn`tn gehrn` f lfsjeukfkns.

Nstc egplejf lf gehrfje` kn tckc nl `jlnc bfgelefr, f kebnrn`jef kn lfs

gehrfjec`ns tngpcrflns c kn lfs gehrfjec`ns trf`sbrc`tnrezfs, n` nstn tepc knknsplfzfgen`tc nspfjefl, gehrf tckc nl `jlnc bfgelefr, pcrqun `c afy n` k`kn

qunkfr y lf gehrfje` rnsultf pnrgf`n`tn y bcrzfkf.

Lfs jc`snjun`jefs, jc` egpfjtc scirn tckc n` èfs, ècs y fkclnsjn`tns, egplejf` u`prcjnsc fltfgn`tn vecln`tc kn knsfrrfehc. N` `c pcjcs jfscs tfgie` nstn prcjnsc gehrftcrec

egplejf lf knstrujje` knl èjac kn jc`tn`je` qun sehèbejf nl `jlnc bfgelefr.

9. Lf gehrfje` e`tnr`fjec`fl

Afstf lcs 84, lf e`gehrfje` afjef ùnstrc pfs afif sekc pre`jepflgn`tn kn ultrfgfr?pnrsc`fs qun prcvn f` kn Fsef, kn lcs pfsns rfins y kn flhu`cs pfsns nurcpncs. F pfrter kn

n`tc`jns, bun pre`jepflgn`tn e`trfrrnhec`fl, y isejfgn`tn irfselnf. Nsn jfgiec n` lcspftrc`ns e`gehrftcrecs jc`teù prjtejfgn`tn afstf lcs 54.

N` nl Jn`sc 9449 sn `ctf u` knsjn`sc n` nl e`hrnsc kn nxtrfònrcs jc` rnsekn`jef pnrgf`n`tn

n` Tfrfhufy y, scirn nl tctfl e`jekn gujac lf jfkf knl e`hrnsc kn irfselncs,bu`kfgn`tflgn`tn. N`trn 6559 y 9449, sn prckujn u`f nstfielekfk n` lcs bluocs kn e`hrnsc

8[rge c ftreiuekc f Gfinl Jfusfrf c, kn lf Jcrpcrfje YNGF.


18/83



gehrftcrec, qun sehuenrc` sen`kc nge`n`tngn`tn e`trfrrnhec`flns? pnrsc`fs kn Frhn`te`f,

flhu`fs pnrsc`fs kn ^ruhufy, Tnr, Iclevef y, civefgn`tn, Irfsel.

N` juf`tc f lf ngehrfje`, ns egpcrtf`tn tn`nr n` jun`tf qun lcs gcvegen`tcs gehrftcrecssc` aepnrsn`seilns f lfs csjelfjec`ns njc`gejfs? supc`hfgcs qun acy sn knvflf nl rnfl,

gff`f sn hn`nrf` ùnvcs bluocs gehrftcrecs afjef Irfsel.

Lcs bluocs trfkejec`flns kn ngehrfje` e`jluyn` f Frhn`te`f n` pregnr luhfr, Irfsel, n` gn`cr

nsjflf, fu`qun afilfgcs kn 84 gel pnrsc`fs, y lunhc u`f gehrfje` gs hrfkufl y pfulfte`fafjef Nstfkcs ^èkcs.

Knskn nl 9449, jc` lf rnjupnrfje` kn lf njc`cgf frhn`te`f, jcgpftrectfs pfrfhufycs y

pfrfhufyfs gehrf` iusjf`kc gnocrns cpcrtuèkfkns. Fkngs, Nspff sn af jc`vnrtekc n` u`knste`c ftrfjtevc qun, se ien` `c ns ùnvc, rnsultf n` ;2 gel pnrsc`fs, kn lfs juflns nl 2>% sc`

guonrns. Nstfgcs afilf`kc kn gs kn 9> gel guonrns n` nkfk brtel y njc`gejfgn`tnfjtevfs qun knin` knofr su achfr jc` sus aeocs n aeofs e`jluekcs-.

N`tc`jns, nl prcilngf gehrftcrec sn e`stflf jcgc u` jfsc qun knin snr tnèkc gujac gs n`jun`tf pcr lcs plfèbejfkcrns kn pcltejfs pilejfs. Lc jufl afjn qun lf gehrfje` snf u` tngf

`c sclc njc`gejc, scjefl y psejclhejc, se`c tfgie` pcltejc? lfs cpjec`ns pcltejfs

kntnrge`f` lcs jfgiecs n` lf njc`cgf y nstcs fbnjtf` f lf gehrfje`.

Lfs `ctejefs kn 9442 `cs gunstrf` e`jlusc qun lfs rngnsfs qun pfrfhufycs y pfrfhufyfs

n`vf` f sus bfgelefs knskn nl nxtrfònrc fsjen`kn` f 844 gellc`ns kn klfrns fl fc, gen`trfsqun pcr lf scof e`hrnsf` 144 gellc`ns. N` tf`tc, lfs `ctejefs kn 9441 jc` lf rnjnse`

njc`gejf n` punrtf pfrnjenrf nstfr gctevf`kc nl rntcr`c kn quen`ns afif` gehrfkc punstc

qun lf rnkujje` kn lf cbnrtf lficrfl lns vf knof`kc fl gfrhn` knl gnrjfkc kn trfifoc.

I. Jc`k e je c`ns qun bfv cr njn`l f t rft f kn pnrsc`fs1

Tfrfhufy ns u` pfs gnketnrr`nc qun pcsnn u`f pcseje` nstrfthejf n` nl jn`trc kn Fgrejf

knl Zur, jun`tf jc` u`f e`stetujec`flekfk nstftfl tckfvf n` jc`strujje` jc` rnsfiecs knjcrrupje` n egpuèkfk- y jc` èvnlns egpcrtf`tns kn pcirnzf y knscjupfje`, tckc lc jufl

bfvcrnjn nl bu`jec`fgen`tc kn lfs rnkns kn trftf kn pnrsc`fs fs jcgc kn trbejc kn frgfs,lfvfkc kn ke`nrc, perftnrf, ntj.-.

Lfs kebnrn`jefs julturflns y kn e`hrnscs njc`gejcs y kn fjjnsc f lf sfluk y lf nkujfje`

kebejultf` qun gujafs pnrsc`fs punkf` sftesbfjnr sus `njnsekfkns isejfs y nstfs jc`kejec`nssn vunlvn` bfvcrfilns pfrf lf trftf kn pnrsc`fs.

Afstf afjn flhu`cs fcs, nrf` lfs pnrsc`fs ovn`ns scltnrfs quen`ns gfycretfrefgn`tnngehrfif`, fjtuflgn`tn, sc` gfycrgn`tn lfs onbfs y lcs onbns kn bfgelef se` knofr kn snr

ovn`ns-, qun knof` f sus aeocs n aeofs kntrs, gujafs vnjns fl juekfkc kn flh` bfgelefr c knu` anrgf`c c u`f anrgf`f gfycr.

Jcgc yf bun nxprnsfkc, gujafs guonrns fkultfs, fkclnsjn`tns y èfs sc` vjtegfs kn rnkns

kn trftf kn pnrsc`fs, qun fjtf` gnkef`tn tckc u` gnjfèsgc kn e`tnrvn`je` y fjje`,

1Nlficrfkc f pfrter kn F krs Rzqunz (9442)? Lf nstfgpekf gehrftcr ef kn Tfrfhufy.Fsu je ? Hrupc Lu f unvf, kcjugn tce ketc.


19/83



bcrgfs kn rnjlutfgen`tc y qun e`vclujrf` pnrsc`fs knl pfs kn crehn` y knste`c. Lfs pnrsc`fs

gs fbnjtfkfs sc` lfs kn nsjfscs rnjurscs y hn`nrflgn`tn kn rnfs rurflns.

Nl knrnjac kn lfs pnrsc`fs f knsplfzfrsn y gehrfr knin pcknr rnflezfrsn n` jc`kejec`ns knleinrtfk, snhurekfk y nquekfk. Nstfs setufjec`ns knsjretfs ftn`tf` jc`trf nsn knrnjac, puns

nxpc`n` f lfs pnrsc`fs f vnrsn cilehfkfs f knsplfzfrsn y f jfnr bjelgn`tn n` lfs rnkns kntrftf.

Lf knsprctnjje` kn lfs pnrsc`fs qun sn gcvelezf` knskn y afjef Tfrfhufy kngunstrf qun nlNstfkc tckfvf `c nst n` jc`kejec`ns kn bfvcrnjnr jc`kejec`ns snhurfs kn gehrfje` y qun

lfs rnkns kn trftf kn pnrsc`fs punkn` fjtufr jc` bfjelekfk.

Ze` ngifrhc, kebnrn`tns ngprn`kegen`tcs sn af` llnvfkc f jfic pfrf bfvcrnjnr qun lcsfhn`tns knl Nstfkc (pclejfs, pnrsc`fl kn gehrfjec`ns y fkuf`f, besjflns y tfgie` quen`ns

trfifof` n` snrvejecs scjeflns jcgc prcbnsec`flns kn lf sfluk y lf nkujfje`) punkf` afjnrbrn`tn f lcs rnqunregen`tcs kn lf pcilfje` gehrf`tn y fsnhurfr lf prctnjje` qun lns

jcrrnspc`kn f nllcs y f sus bfgelefs 5, nspnjeflgn`tn kn lfs guonrns fkultfs y kn èfs, ècs y

fkclnsjn`tns.

Tfrfhufy cjupf nl snhu`kc luhfr n`trn lcs pfsns kn crehn` kn guonrns, ècs, èfs y

fkclnsjn`tns trfbejfkcs y trfbejfkfs f Frhn`te`f y f Nspff jc` be`ns kn nxplctfje` snxufl ytrfifoc bcrzfkc.

@unstrc pfs nst e`jluekc n` u`f lestf kn vehelf`jef nspnjefl knl hcienr`c nspfcl64 y knlhcienr`c `crtnfgnrejf`c66. Fu`qun sn rnjc`cjn nl nsbunrzc huinr`fgn`tfl n` lf rftebejfje`

kn lcs e`strugn`tcs `crgftevcs, nstc ns e`subejen`tn. Ns kn `ctfr nspnjeflgn`tn lf fusn`jef

kn fjjec`ns nspnjbejfs y kn sf`jec`ns jc`jrntfs f lcs trfbejf`tns.

[ckfvf sn jun`tf jc` u` jcòu`tc kn prcilngfs qun fbnjtf` kernjtfgn`tn f lfs jc`kejec`ns

kn vekf kn lfs pnrsc`fs?

@c sn jc`cjn nl `gnrc rnfl kn ngehrf`tns, sus luhfrns kn crehn` è knste`c è nl

`gnrc kn pnrsc`fs fbnjtfkfs pcr nstf gehrfje`69.

Lcs pfscs kn brc`tnrf sc` nsjfscs y gujafs zc`fs kn lf l`nf kn brc`tnrf sn jruzf` se`

jc`trcl flhu`c6:.

Lfs pnrsc`fs qun knsnf` gehrfr n` hn`nrfl `c jc`cjn` sus knrnjacs è sus

rnspc`sfielekfkns y cilehfjec`ns, pre`jepflgn`tn lcs y lfs fkclnsjn`tns.

Tnrgf`njn` kebejultfkns kn lcs crhfèsgcs knl Nstfkc pfrf cren`tfr, ftn`knr y

prctnhnr f lfs pnrsc`fs gehrf`tns y sus bfgelefs, tf`tc n` Tfrfhufy jcgc n` lcs

jc`sulfkcs n` lcs pfsns kn knste`c.

Lf sf`je` f pnrsc`fs rnspc`sfilns kn trftf kn pnrsc`fs ns ifof.

5Ge estnrec kn Ynlfjec ns Nxtnrecrns (944:)? Le`nfgen`tcs pfrf u`f Tcltejf `fjec`fl kn Gehrfjec`ns. Fsu je ? CEG, GYN y@BTF.

64Gfrtf Jfsfls jccrke fkcrf (944>).Lf trftf kn pnrsc`fs n` nl Tfrfhufy. Kefh`stejc nxplcrftc rec sci rn nl trbejc y c trftf kn

pnrsc`fs jc` be`ns kn nxplctfje` snxufl.Fsu je ? CEG, GYN y Hrupc Lu f @unvf.66E bcrgn 9442 scirn lf [rftf kn Tnrsc fs, Ngifofkf kn lcs Nstfkcs ^ ekcs n Tfrfhufy. 9442

69Gfpnc Hnchrbejc y Zcjefl kn lf [rftf kn @efs, ecs y fkclnsjn tns n nl Tfrfhufy, HLCIFLE bf jef, Fsu je , Tfrfhufy,9442.

6:Gfpnc Hnchrbejc y Zcjefl kn lf [rftf kn @efs, ecs y fkclnsjn tns n nl Tfrfhufy, HLCIFLE bf jef, Fsu je , Tfrfhufy,9442.


20/83



@c sn jun`tf jc` e`vnrse` subejen`tn pfrf ftn`knr f lfs vjtegfs n` bcrgf e`tnhrfl

(psejcscjefl y gftnrefl) y rnpfrfr lcs kfcs jfusfkcs.

Lfs jc`kejec`ns fjtuflns pfrf lf e`sjrepje` y nl rnhestrc kn ècs y èfs fs jcgc

pfrf su jclcjfje` bfgelefr y pctn`jefl fkcpje` tckfvf kebejultf` qun sn hfrf`tejn`

sus knrnjacs y pcseieletf` bcrgfs kevnrsfs n` qun punkn` snr vn`kekcs y vn`kekfs6;.

^`f `ctf scirn lfs jc`kejec`ns julturflns

Lfs jrnn`jefs julturflns sc` lfs qun ten`kn` f scstn`nr lf trftf kn pnrsc`fs, puns sn ten`n`

jenrtfs eknfs n` tcr`c f lc qun punkn snr gnocr pfrf flhuen` y tfgie` n` tcr`c f lc qun

jcrrnspc`kn qun afhf jfkf pnrsc`f snh` su snxc, su nkfk c lf jc`keje` njc`gejf kn subfgelef.

Nstfs eknfs `c nst` nsjretfs n` pfpnl, pnrc bcrgf` pfrtn knl egfhe`frec scjefl y julturfl, pcrnongplc, qun lfs guonrns knin` trfifofr pfrf nl acgirn, qun lcs ècs y lfs èfs `c knin`

rnspc`knr f sus gfycrns, qun ns gnocr pfrf u`f èf vever n` lf jeukfk qun n` nl jfgpc,ntj.

Nstfs eknfs gf`ten`n` cjultfs lfs bcrgfs kn nxplctfje` y bfvcrnjn` lf trftf kn pnrsc`fs. Zn

af jcgprcifkc qun n` Tfrfhufy lf trftf ns pre`jepflgn`tn u`f prcilngtejf kn h`nrc,hn`nrfjec`fl y f lf vnz kn jlfsn scjec njc`gejf. Nstc sehèbejf qun?

Ns u`f prcilngtejf kn h`nrc, pcrqun fbnjtf gs f lfs guonrns qun f lcs vfrc`ns,lc qun kngunstrf lf fltf vul`nrfielekfk kn lfs guonrns brn`tn f lf trftf y u`f

nstrujturf scjefl qun lf cpregn.

F pnsfr kn qun nxestn` bunrtns e`kejecs kn qun lfs èfs y lfs fkclnsjn`tns sc` lfs gs

fbnjtfkfs pcr lf trftf y nl trbejc, lf prn`sf pfrfhufyf kurf`tn nl 944> prnsn`t u`

n`bcqun kn h`nrc n` fpn`fs > `ctejefs, fu`qun n` nl 82% kn lcs tnxtcs puilejfkcs snaezc gn`je` f èfs y guonrns fkclnsjn`tns.

N` nl 9;% n` lcs qun sn afil kn ècs y vfrc`ns fkclnsjn`tns sn aezc rnbere`kcsn flhrupc hn`nrfl kn lf ènz y lf fkclnsjn`jef, se` afjnr fluse` n` bcrgf pfrtejulfr f

jfscs jc`jrntcs n` qun stcs bunrc` e`vclujrfkcs. Fs, qunkf e`veseielezfkf lf gnkekf

n` qun lcs vfrc`ns rnsultf` tfgie` vjtegfs6>.

Ns u`f prcilngtejf hn`nrfjec`fl pcrqun fbnjtf n` bcrgf nspnjefl f èfs, ècs y

fkclnsjn`tns, lc qun plf`tnf u` trftc kebnrn`tn y knsbfvcrfiln afjef nstn snjtcr kn lfpcilfje`.

Ns u`f prcilngtejf kn jlfsn scjec njc`gejf, pcrqun fbnjtf pre`jepflgn`tn fbfgelefs njc`gejfgn`tn knsbfvcrnjekfs, lc qun nxpc`n u`f knsprctnjje` n` nl pfs

kn lcs snjtcrns kn nsjfscs rnjurscs, kn lcs trfifofkcrns y lfs trfifofkcrfs y knljfgpnse`fkc.

Fsegesgc, sn punkn fbergfr qun lfs jc`kejec`ns f qun ùnstrf scjenkfk nxpc`n f lfs pnrsc`fskn jcguèkfkns e`khn`fs lfs vunlvn fltfgn`tn vul`nrfilns f lf trftf kn pnrsc`fs, puns sc`

nxpulsfkfs kn sus tenrrfs pcr jfusf knl knsgc`tn y gujafs vnjns e`jcrpcrfkfs jcgc gf`c

6;Jb. Ycsf Gfrf Crtez jccrke fkcrf (9442)?Lf fkcpje`. ^` fjtc kn fgcr y kn knrnjacs. Lcs in`nbejecs knl jugplegen`tc knlf lny.Fsu je ? Hlcifl...E bf jef.

6>Fhn jef HLCIFL kn @ctejefs (9442)?@enz y fkclnsjn`jef n` lf prn`sf pfrfhufyf. E`bcrgn fùfl 944>.Fsu je ?Hlcifl...E bf jef.


21/83



kn cirf n` nstf`jefs y birejfs c nxplctfkfs snxuflgn`tn n` lfs jeukfkns y n` lcs jerjuetcs

kn trfifoc tngpcrfrec. Nstc `cs llnvfrf f fbergfr qun lf trftf ns tfgie` u`f prcilngtejf

e`tnrjulturfl y kn scgntegen`tc kn lfs jcguèkfkns e`khn`fs.

Ze ien` `c afy nstukecs qun lc fvfln`, nxesterf n` nl pfs tfgie` u`f ve`julfje` n`trn lf

jc`keje` kn kesjfpfjekfk n` u` gengirc kn lf bfgelef y lf gehrfje` kn nstf pfrf qun punkffjjnknr f ftn`je` y rnafieletfje`. Jcgc `c nxestn u` trfifoc kn rnafieletfje` ifsfkf n` lf

jcguèkfk è u`f fknjufkf e`bcrgfje` scirn lf prnsn`jef kn kesjfpfjekfk n` lf pcilfje` èsnrvejecs kn jflekfk fjjnseilns, nstf pcseielekfk nst legetfkf f lfs bfgelefs qun lchrf` supnrfr

cistjulcs njc`gejcs y be`f`jenrcs pcr n`jegf kn lfs trfifs julturflns qun sn egpc`n` f lf

kesjfpfjekfk, pnrc sc` tf`tc lfs pnrsc`fs jc` kesjfpfjekfk jcgc sus bfgelefrns pctn`jeflnsvjtegfs kn trftf fl nstfr nxpunstfs f knsplfzfgen`tcs y f `njnsekfkns njc`gejfs urhn`tns y

guy pcr n`jegf kn sus jfpfjekfkns 62.

Lfs jrefketfs y lcs jrefketcs

Lf e`stetuje` knl jrefkfzhc ten`n lfrhf kftf n` Tfrfhufy. ^`f jrefketf c u` jrefketc sc` èfs

y ècs kn bfgelefs kn zc`fs rurflns qun sc` n`trnhfkcs f bfgelefs pcr lc hn`nrfl kn zc`fsurif`fs pfrf qun f jfgiec kn fyukfr n` lfs tfrnfs kcgstejfs punkf` fjjnknr f gnocr

nkujfje`, lc jufl `c sengprn cjurrn.

Nl jrefkfzhc rnsultf n`tc`jns u`f junste` qun gnrnjn snr trftfkf guy kntnèkfgn`tn n`

rnlfje` fl tngf kn gcvelekfk augf`f y lf trftf, yf qun sn jc`stetuyn n` nl knsplfzfgen`tc

kn pnrsc`fs jc` ciontc kn snrvekugirn y trfifoc bcrzfkc, qun sn jc`stetuyn` n` nxplctfje`lficrfl y punkn knrevfr n` prcstetuje`. Gujafs kn lfs guonrns nxplctfkfs snxuflgn`tn n`trn

nllfs gujafs fkclnsjn`tns- knjlfrfrc` afinr sekc f`tns jrefketfs 68.

Ze ien` n` su gcgn`tc nstf prjtejf pukc fyukfr f qun sn fsnhurfrf nl fjjnsc f lf nsjunlfgen`trfs èfs y ècs vevf` n` u` n`tcr`c snhurc y n` jc`tfjtc jc` sus bfgelefs kn crehn`,

acy n` kf lfs jc`kejec`ns fjtuflns `cs gunstrf` qun nstf prjtejf tnrge`f vul`nrf`kc gsknrnjacs kn lcs qun punkn hfrf`tezfr n e`jlusc ftn`tf jc`trf fqunllcs qun quenrn prctnhnr,

puns èfs y ècs `c sengprn llnhf` f lf nsjunlf, gujafs vnjns ten`n` ifoc rn`kegen`tc

fjfkgejc pcr nl jf`sf`jec, n`trn ctrfs junstec`ns.

62Jb. Gfrtf Jckfs (9442)? Ynblnxec ns scirn gehrfje y kesjfpfjekfk. Jcgn tfrecs f pfrter kn lcs kftcs kn ftn je f pnrsc fs jckesjfpfjekfk n lf Bu kfje Fpfgfp n ? Lues Jlfukec Jnlgf jccrke fkcr (9448)? Tfrfhufy n` gcvegen`tc. Nl knsfbc knafjnr rnflekfk lcs knrnjacs augf`cs.Fsu je ? Hlcifl...E bf jef, n prn sf.

68Ouf Gehunl Tntet (944>)? E`bcrgn knl Ynlftcr nspnjefl kn @fjec`ns ^èkfs scirn lf Rn`tf kn ècs, lf prcstet uje` e` bf`tel y lfutele zfje` kn ècs n` lf pcr`chrfbf. Gese` fl Tfrfhufy.Fsu je ? ejnb


22/83



Tfrtn EEE.

Jgc pckngcs fjtufr brn`tn f lf trftf3Znflns kn flnrtf y cren`tfjec`nspfrf lf fjje`

F. Julns sc` lfs snflns kn flnrtf3

6. R`julc bfgelefr guy knieletfkc

9. @ecs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns gfèbenstf` subrer setufjec`ns kn vecln`jef

:. @ecs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns prcven`n` kn zc`fs jc` fltcs `kejns kn nxjluse`

scjefl;. Fusn`jef c knielekfk kn prctnjje` n` lc gftnrefl y fbnjtevc

>. Ngifrfzcs `c knsnfkcs n` fkclnsjn`tns (guonrns y acgirns)

2. Nxpnjtftevfs kn bcrgfs y gckcs kn vekf keste`tfs f lfs qun punkn fjjnknrfjtuflgn`tn

8. @efs, ècs y fkclnsjn`tns qun vevn` c trfifof` n` u`f bfgelef qun `c ns lfsuyf

1. Cbrnjegen`tc kn fltnr`ftevfs lficrflns bjelns f pnrsc`fs fllnhfkfs f ècs,

èfs y fkclnsjn`tns n e`jlusc f nllcs gesgcs y nllfs gesgfs

5. Ynflezfje` kn fjtevekfkns pnlehrcsfs jcgc bcrgf kn suisestn`jef

I. Vu pckngcs afjnr knskn ùnstrcs rclns3

6. N` lf fkgeèstrfje` kn oustejef (ouzhfkcs, besjflfs y knbn`scrfs pilejfs)

9. N` lf Tclejf @fjec`fl

:. N` lfs Jc`snonrfs guèjepflns pcr lcs knrnjacs kn èfs, ècs y fkclnsjn`tns

(Jcknè)

;. Jcgc nkujfkcrns y nkujfkcrns n` nsjunlfs, jclnhecs, fjfkngefs kn frtn yjulturf, jn`trcs kn bcrgfje` prcbnsec`fl, nsjunlfs y jluins knpcrtevcs,

jcguèkfkns rnlehecsfs y jn`trcs jcguètfrecs.

>. N` nl sestngf kn sfluk

(prcgctcrfs y prcgctcrns kn sfluk, trfifofkcrns y trfifofkcrfs jcguètfrefs,

n`bnrgnrfs y n`bnrgnrcs, gkejfs y gkejcs y ctrcs y ctrfs prcbnsec`flns kn lfsfluk)

2. Knskn lcs gnkecs kn jcguèjfje`


23/83


Fsu`je`, Hlcifl E`bf`jef, 9441 9:

J. Lcs pre`jepecs pfrf ùnstrf fjje`

6. Trcgcvnr y prctnhnr lcs knrnjacs augf`cs

9. Ekn`tebejfr f lfs vjtegfs kn trftf kn pnrsc`fs y f lcs rnspc`sfilns

:. E`vnstehfr, f`flezfr, nvflufr y kebu`ker lcs fljf`jns kn lf trftf kn pnrsc`fs

;. Nstfilnjnr u` gfrjc ourkejc fknjufkc pfrf lf prctnjje` brn`tn f lf trftf

>. Nstfilnjnr gnkecs pfrf afjnr jugpler fknjufkfgn`tn lf lny

2. Fsester y prctnhnr n` bcrgf e`tnhrfl f lfs vjtegfs

8. Ynflezfr fjjec`ns kn prnvn`je`

1. Nstfilnjnr gnkekfs nspnjbejfs pfrf èfs, ècs y fkclnsjn`tns vjtegfs

5. Bfjeletfr nl fjjnsc f lcs rnjurscs pfrf lf oustejef, lf rnpfrfje` y lf rne`snrje`

F . Jul ns sc` l fs snfl ns kn fl nr t f3

Lfs snflns kn flnrtfsc` setufjec`ns qun `cs pnrgetn` ekn`tebejfr pcseilnsjc`kejec`ns kn vul`nrfielekfk n` qun sn punkf` n`jc`trfr ècs, èfs y

fkclnsjn`tns y sus bfgelefs.

Nstfs snflns `c sengprn e`kejf` qun nstfgcs brn`tn f u`f setufje` kn

trftf, se`c qun `cs kngunstrf` kebnrn`tns bcrgfs n` qun punkn` nstfr

sen`kc vul`nrfkcs lcs knrnjacs kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns, e`jluyn`kc

nvn`tuflgn`tn lf trftf. Tcr nllc, punkn rnsultfr tel pfrf ekn`tebejfr lf

vul`nrfje` kn knrnjacs n` hn`nrfl.

Nstn lestfkc `c nst jcgplntc è tfgpcjc sehèbejf qun fl nstfr prnsn`tn u`c

c vfrecs nlngn`tcs afyf kn pcr s u`f vul`nrfje`. Zengprn ns egpcrtf`tn

e`tnrprntfr nstfs snflns n` nl jc`tnxtc n` qun sn n`jun`trf jfkf u`c y

u`f.

6. R`julc bfgelefr guy knieletfkc

N` hn`nrfl, u` v`julc bfgelefr guy knieletfkc punkn hn`nrfr u`f nxpcseje` f jc`kejec`ns kn

vul`nrfielekfk y kn renshc egpcrtf`tn.

@c ns tf` egpcrtf`tn nl tepc kn v`julc bcrgfl è se sn trftf kn lf bfgelef ùjlnfr (gfg,

pfp, anrgf`cs y anrgf`fs) se`c kn u` hrupc bfgelefr qun tn`hf jc`kejec`ns kn ire`kfrsnhurekfk fbnjtevf, juekfkc y cren`tfje`, punkn snr lf fiunlf c nl fiunlc, flh` tc c u`f tf

u ctrfs bcrgfs kn crhfèzfje` kn lf bfgelef fgplefkf.

N` hn`nrfl, ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns punkn` knsfrrcllfr u` jenrtc hrfkc kn fpnhc f lfpnrsc`f nkujfkcrf kn rnbnrn`jef (su n`trn`fkcr, su kcjn`tn, su prcbnscrf, ntj.), llfgf`kc

jc`stf`tngn`tn su ftn`je` y iusjf`kc jc`bergfje` y fbnjtc.


24/83


Fsu`je`, Hlcifl E`bf`jef, 9441 9;

9. @ecs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns gfèbenstf` subrer setufjec`ns kn vecln`jef

Juf`kc ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns gfèbenstf` nstfr subren`kc setufjec`ns kn vecln`jef nsegpcrtf`tn rnflezfr u`f e`tnrvn`je` fknjufkf, se` geègezfr lf pnrspnjtevf kn ècs, èfs yfkclnsjn`tns è sus vnrsec`ns kn lcs anjacs.

Flhu`fs bcrgfs kn vecln`jef f qun sunln` nstfr nxpunstfs lfs èfs y ècs sc`? nl gfltrftc

bsejc y nl psejclhejc, nl gfltrftc pcr `nhlehn`jef, nl gfltrftc pcr cgese`, nl fjcsc y nlfiusc kn jc`tnèkc snxufl, lf nxplctfje` njc`gejf y lf nxplctfje` snxufl jcgnrjefl, lf

jcfjje`.

Ns pcr nllc guy egpcrtf`tn prnstfr nspnjefl ftn`je` f quen`ns?

Zn n`jun`trn` veven`kc sclcs c sclfs.

[n`hf` fusn`jefs rnetnrfkfs f jlfsns. Gf`tn`hf` n` sus jc`vnrsfjec`ns tngtejfs gfycrgn`tn kn jc`tnèkc snxufl (scirn

tckc juf`kc sc` kn nkfkns jcrtfs).

[n`hf` rntrfegen`tc n` nl hrupc, jcgc genkc kn jc`tfjtfrsn y rnlfjec`frsn jc` suspfrns c jc` pnrsc`fs fkultfs.

Trnsn`tn` seh`cs veseilns kn hclpns, jcrtns c qungfkurfs.

Nxprnsn` jc`stf`tngn`tn qun `c sfin` afjnr lfs jcsfs, qun sc` e`telns u ctrfs eknfs

segelfrns rnlftevfs f su e`jfpfjekfk.

Jcgn`tn` jc` sus pfrns setufjec`ns kn vecln`jef.

Zeguln` fjtcs snxuflns n` lf gfycr pfrtn kn sus ounhcs.

Zn kunrgf` rnetnrfkfgn`tn n` jlfsn.

:. @ecs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns prcven`n` kn zc`fsjc` fltcs `kejns kn nxjluse` scjefl

Lf rnsekn`jef n` zc`fs jc` fltcs `kejns kn nxjluse` scjefl (jcgc zc`fs pnreurif`fs,fsn`tfgen`tcs kn bfgelefs se` tnjac) y n` ifrrecs y jcgpffs kc`kn sn pnrjein fltf

ngehrfje`, jc` bunrtns e`kejecs kn trftf, `c egplejf` `njnsfrefgn`tn qun ècs, èfs y

fkclnsjn`tns snf` vjtegfs kn flhu`f bcrgf kn nxplctfje` c trftf. Ze` ngifrhc, sehèbejf qunsn knin nstfr ftn`tc pcrqun lfs jc`kejec`ns kn vul`nrfielekfk njc`gejf vunlvn` f lfs

pnrsc`fs gs vul`nrfilns f lf trftf y lf nxplctfje`.

N` lfs bfgelefs kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns lf setufje` kn pcirnzf y bfltf kn trfifoc punkn

llnvf f u`f sn`sfje` kn brustrfje` pcr `c fjjnknr f juirer lfs `njnsekfkns isejfs y pcr `cafinr fljf`zfkc lfs nxpnjtftevfs lficrflns. Nstf setufje` tfgie` vunlvn f lfs pnrsc`fs

vul`nrfilns f lf trftf y ctrfs bcrgfs kn nxplctfje`.


25/83


Fsu`je`, Hlcifl E`bf`jef, 9441 9>

;. Fusn`jef c knielekfk kn prctnjje` n` lc gftnrefl y fbnjtevc

Ze ien` sn punkn trftfr tf`tc kn u`f jc`keje` kn pcirnzf jcgc kn u`f bcrgf kn vecln`jefguy jc`jrntf (gfltrftc pcr `nhlehn`jef y cgese`), ns egpcrtf`tn tn`nrlf prnsn`tn punsnxpc`n f ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns f lf sclnkfk y lf knsprctnjje`, lc qun lns vunlvn

vul`nrfilns f snr fprcvnjafkfs pcr lfs rnkns kn trftf`tns.

>. Ngifrfzcs `c knsnfkcs n` fkclnsjn`tns

^`f pftnrèkfk y u`f gftnrèkfk `c knsnfkfs è plfèbejfkfs punkn` fjtufr jcgc

kespfrfkcrfs pfrf iusjfr fltnr`ftevfs (kn vekf c trfifoc) n` ctrcs luhfrns keste`tcs f sun`tcr`c, lc qun hn`nrf nxpcseje` f lf nxplctfje` y lf trftf kn pnrsc`fs.

Fsegesgc, punkn jc`stetuersn n` u`f cpcrtuèkfk pfrf lf vn`tf kn ècs y èfs, nl trbejc kn

inis y ctrfs bcrgfs kn veclfje` kn lcs knrnjacs knl èc c lf èf pcr `fjnr.

N` nl jfsc kn ngifrfzcs fkclnsjn`tns jc`bluyn` gujafs ctrfs veclfjec`ns y vul`nrfjec`ns knknrnjacs, pcr lc qun ns egpcrtf`tn `c legetfrsn sclfgn`tn f vnrebejfr qun `c nst` nxpunstcs

f lf nxplctfje` è f lf trftf, se`c prnstfr ftn`je` f tckfs lfs ctrfs jc`kejec`ns y knrnjacs.

Nl ficrkfon n` nstn jfsc knin snr e`tnrkesjeple`frec (n`trn vfrefs nspnjeflekfkns) y jc` lfpfrtejepfje` fjtevf kn lf gfkrn fkclnsjn`tn y knl pfkrn (snf c `c fkclnsjn`tn) n` lfs

knjesec`ns qun sn knif` tcgfr.

Fsegesgc, knin juekfrsn kn `c vejtegezfr f lfs fkclnsjn`tns ngifrfzfkfs è f sus pfrnofs pcr

prnouejecs scjeflns y julturflns qun `c jc`treiuyn` f su e`tnhrfje` scjefl è fl jugplegen`tc

kn sus knrnjacs.

2. Nxpnjtftevfs kn bcrgfs y gckcs kn vekfkeste`tfs f lf qun punkf fjjnknr fjtuflgn`tn

Lf nxpnjtftevf kn vever n` gnocrns jc`kejec`ns ns lnhtegf nspnrf`zf kn lfs pnrsc`fs y lf qun

prcgunvn nl jfgiec y lf trf`sbcrgfje`, pcr lc qun `c jcrrnspc`kn jretejfr u`f fjtetuk knisqunkf kn gnocrfgen`tc n` lf vekf pnrsc`fl.

Ze` ngifrhc, lf nxfltfje` knl jc`sugc, qun fjtuflgn`tn rnflezf` lcs gnkecs gfsevcs, punknllnvfr f qun gujafs pnrsc`fs precrejn` lf fkqueseje` kn ien`ns qun kf` u`f egfhn` kn afinr

gnocrfkc lf jflekfk kn vekf pcr n`jegf kn fqunllcs qun fsnhurf` lfs `njnsekfkns isejfs.

Ns egpcrtf`tn, pcr nllc nsjujafr nstfs nxpnjtftevfs y jc`treiuer f ekn`tebejfr julns

sc` lfs pcseielekfkns kn lchrfrlf, lcs nsbunrzcs qun rnqunrer` y lcs renshcs n`trnnllcs, tfl vnz snr nxplctfkcs lficrflgn`tn c jfnr jcgc vjtegf n` u`f rnk kn trftf kn

pnrsc`fs-.

Ynsultf jlfvn prnstfr ftn`je` f ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns qun ngpenzf` f gcstrfrien`ns y prckujtcs juycs jcstcs sn n`jun`trf` bunrf knl fljf`jn kn lf njc`cgf

bfgelefr, pckrf` nstfr ngpnzf`kc f snr n`hffkcs pcr jfptfkcrns kn rnkns kntrftf`tns.


26/83



8. @efs, ècs y fkclnsjn`tns qun vevn` c trfifof`n` u`f bfgelef qun `c ns lf suyf

Juf`kc ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns vevn` c trfifof` n` u`f bfgelef qun `c ns lf suyf, nsprcifiln qun punkf` n`jc`trfrsn n` u`f setufje` kn kebejultfk pfrf su knsfrrcllc fbnjtevc y

pfrf nl jugplegen`tc kn tckcs sus knrnjacs? guy prcifilngn`tn rnflejn` tfrnfs kcgstejfsn` gfycr gnkekf qun ctrcs aeocs n aeofs knl hrupc bfgelefr y pcr n`jegf kn sus jfpfjekfkns,

tfl vnz `c nst` fsesten`kc f lf nsjunlf c `c tn`hf` tengpc pfrf jugpler jc` lfs tfrnfs

nsjclfrns c llnhun` guy jf`sfkcs f jlfsn pcr nl trfifoc qun rnflezf`, y afstf punkn qun `cgf`tn`hf` jc`tfjtc rnhulfr jc` sus bfgelefs kn crehn` è jc` ctrfs pnrsc`fs pcr bunrf kn lf

jfsf.

Nstfs jc`kejec`ns sunln` nstfr fjnptfkfs n` lf scjenkfk y afstf fln`tfkfs, pnrc ten`kn` f `c

rnsclvnr nl prcilngf qun sn nspnrf qun rnsunlvf` -qun èfs y ècs punkf` er f lf nsjunlf-se`c qun afstf punkn` fhrfvfr lf setufje`.

N` nl jfsc kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns qun vevn` c trfifof` n` u`f bfgelef qun `c ns lf

suyf ns egpcrtf`tn?

c N` lfs nsjunlfs, ire`kfr jc`tn`je` f ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns, nsjuja`kclns,

vflcrf`kc sus trfifocs y prnhu`tf`kc pcr sus jc`kejec`ns.

c Jcguèjfr f lf Jcknè kn nstf setufje` pfrf qun punkf vnrebejfr lfs jc`kejec`ns

kn vekf, nl gckc n` qun nl èc c lf èf llnh f vever y trfifofr n` nsf bfgelef, nl

jc`tfjtc jc` su bfgelef kn crehn`, su e`sjrepje` n` lf nsjunlf, n`trn ctrcs.

1. Cbrnjegen`tc kn fltnr`ftevfs lficrflns bjelns f pnrsc`fs fllnhfkfsf ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns n e`jlusc f nllcs gesgcs y nllfs gesgfs

N` lcs kebnrn`tns luhfrns punkn` ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns rnjeier cbnrtfs kn trfifoc, bfgf

y iun`cs e`hrnscs. Gujafs vnjns nstfs cbnrtfs `c sc` rnflns, se`c u` e`tn`tc pcr ftrfnrlns yjfptfrlns pfrf lfs rnkns kn nxplctfje` y trftf.

Tfrtejulfrgn`tn, punkn prckujersn jcgc cbnrtf lficrfl f lfs sflekfs kn lcs jn`trcs knbcrgfje` prcbnsec`fl, jcgc lf pcseielekfk kn bejafrsn n` u` nquepc n` ctrf jeukfk c n` nl

nxtrfònrc, jcgc u` jfgpfgn`tc guy kevnrtekc n` ctrfs lcjflekfkns, lf e`vetfje` f nvn`tcskn snlnjje` kn gcknlcs, fjtrejns y fjtcrns (jfste`h) Nl n`tusefsgc kn ècs, èfs y

fkclnsjn`tns f`tn nstcs cbrnjegen`tcs punkn f vnjns jc`tfhefrsn f lfs pnrsc`fs rnspc`sfilns(sus pfkrns, gfkrns c kcjn`tns) y `c kfrsn jun`tf kn vnrebejfr lf e`bcrgfje` scirn nlknste`c.

N` cjfsec`ns, lfs pnrsc`fs jfptfkcrfs kn lfs rnkns kn trftf snlnjjec`f` f ècs, èfs yfkclnsjn`tns gs vul`nrfilns pcr lfs jc`kejec`ns qun yf afifgcs vestc, pcr lc qun fl `c

afinr u` juekfkc bfgelefr qun hfrf`tejn snhurekfk ns kcilngn`tn egpcrtf`tn nstfr flnrtfs

knskn lcs jn`trcs kn bcrgfje`, rnjrnfje` y julturf.

Lf jc`bergfje` kn lcs kftcs kn rnbnrn`jef `c sclfgn`tn gnkef`tn lcs kftcs ire`kfkcs pcr lf

pnrsc`f qun afjn lf prcpunstf se`c tfgie` pcr ctrfs vfs (fvnrehufr n` phe`fs kn E`tnr`nt,jc`sultfr fl jc`sulfkc knl pfs fkc`kn erf, ntj.) sc` prcjnkegen`tcs qun knin` snr

rnflezfkcs.


27/83



5. Ynflezfje` kn fjtevekfkns pnlehrcsfs jcgc bcrgf kn suisestn`jef

N` nl pfs, nl `gnrc kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns qun rnflezf` fjtevekfkns njc`gejfsjcgc bcrgf kn suisestn`jef y fpcyc f sus bfgelefs ns guy egpcrtf`tn se jc`seknrfgcs lfskebnrn`tns gckflekfkns qun punkn tn`nr? lfs tfrnfs kcgstejfs n` sus jfsfs, lfs tfrnfs

kcgstejfs n` lfs jfsfs kn ctrfs pnrsc`fs, lf vn`tf fgiulf`tn, nl trfifoc rurfl, lf

prckujje` gfùbfjturnrf, lf ftn`je` knl `nhcjec bfgelefr, n`trn ctrcs.

Gujafs kn nsfs fjtevekfkns punkn` rnsultfr n` bcrgfs kn nxplctfje` snh` su `fturflnzf c

snh` lfs jc`kejec`ns n` qun sn rnflejn`?

Znh` lfs jc`kejec`ns n` qun sn rnflezf`, knin` prnstfrsn nspnjefl ftn`je` f?

Nl trfifoc n` acrfs e`fknjufkfs kn ocr`fkf lficrfl= lcs y lfs fkclnsjn`tns `c knin`trfifofr n` acrfrec `cjtur`c (n`trn lfs 65 y lfs 8 acrfs) y `c punkn` trfifofr gs kn

2 acrfs kefrefs (qun sn rnkujn` f ; juf`kc fsestn` f lf nsjunlf).

Luhfrns se` jc`kejec`ns fknjufkfs pfrf nl trfifoc (ifof eluge`fje`, e`sfluirekfk,ntj.).

Znh` su `fturflnzf, n` ùnstrc pfs nst` kntnrge`fkfs pcr lny lfs vne`teses fjtevekfknsprcaeiekfs pfrf ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns pcrqun fbnjtf` f su knsfrrcllc, lfs gs

egpcrtf`tns sc`?

Lf vehelf`jef pilejf y prevfkf.

Nl trfifoc n` lf vf pilejf.

[ckf fjtevekfk qun egplequn lf nxpcseje` f pclvcs, augcs, vfpcrns y hfsns txejcs,nl jc`tfjtc jc` sustf`jefs y ciontcs kn jfrjtnr txejc, jcgiusteiln, jfriurf`tn,e`blfgfiln, rfkefjtevc, e`bnjjecsc, erretf`tn c jcrrcsevc.

Lf gfèpulfje`, nl trf`spcrtn, lf vn`tf y lf fplejfje` kn fhrcqugejcs, fs jcgc lfkespcseje` kn sus knsnjacs.

Lf rnjclnjje` kn knsnjacs y gftnreflns rnjejlfilns.

Lf bfirejfje`, gfèpulfje` y vn`tf kn sustf`jefs u ciontcs nxplcsevcs c

perctjèjcs.

Nl trfifoc kcgstejc, qun sn punkn eèjefr rnje` f lcs 62 fcs kn nkfk.

Nl jrefkfzhc.

Nl gcknlfon y lf nrctezfje` kn lf egfhn`.

F`tn lf scspnjaf kn nstfs jc`kejec`ns knin jc`tfjtfrsn jc` lf Jcknè pfrf qun punkf rnflezfrlf vnrebejfje`, knrevfje` c ftn`je` y jclficrfr n` lf egplngn`tfje` kn lfs rnspunstfs.


28/83



TYNZ[FY NZTNJEFL F[N@JE@ F

@ecs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns

qun vevf` se` sus pfkrns y se` qun gnken u`f hufrkf

ctcrhfkf pcr nl ouzhfkc kn ènz y fkclnsjn`jef.

@efs, ècs y fkclnsjn`tns

qun sn n`jun`trn` lnocs kn sus jcguèkfkns kn crehn` y pcr

quen`ns sn sclejetn hufrkf n e`jlusc lf vnèf pfrf vefofr.

Fkclnsjn`tns qun sclejetn` su e`sjrepje`

n` nl Ynhestrc knl Fkclnsjn`tn [rfifofkcr pnrc

qun `c rnhrnsf` fl gcgn`tc kn lf vnrebejfje`,

sus ngplnfkcrns `c fjukn` f jetfjec`ns,

`c pnrgetn` lf vesetf kn lfs futcrekfkns fl luhfr kn trfifoc è

ire`kf` e`bcrgfje` jlfrf scirn lf setufje`.


29/83



I. V upckngcs afjnr knskn unst rcs r cl ns3

6. N` lf fkgeèstrfje` kn oustejef(ouzhfkcs, besjflfs y knbn`scrfs pilejfs)

Jc`treiuer f qun lcs y lfs fhn`tns rnspc`sfilns kn afjnr jugpler lf lny (knl Tcknr

oukejefl, knl Geèstnrec pilejc, kn lf Knbn`sf pilejf y kn lf Tclejf `fjec`fl)nst` n` jc`kejec`ns kn ekn`tebejfr pctn`jeflns setufjec`ns kn trftf kn ècs,

èfs y fkclnsjn`tns, pfrtejulfrgn`tn jc` be`ns kn nxplctfje` lficrfl.

Gujafs vnjns pckngcs n`jc`trfr setufjec`ns n` lfs juflns pfrnjenrf qun sn nst

prckujen`kc u`f nxplctfje` n`trn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns pcr quen`ns prnsn`tn`

knù`jefs n` lfs jcgesfrfs y suijcgesfrfs, n` besjflfs, ouzhfkcs y knbn`scrfs ne`jlusc n` lfs e`tnrvn`jec`ns qun sn rnflejn` n` bu`je` kn nsfs knù`jefs c kn fjtcs

kn cbejec.N` ctrfs cjfsec`ns, punkn rnsultfr nvekn`tn pfrf nl fhn`tn u`f setufje` kn trftf y kn

nxplctfje` lficrfl kurf`tn u` fjtc kn vnrebejfje` gctevfkc pcr ctrfs jfusfsfpfrn`tns c jc`jurrn`tns.

Tfrf lcs jfscs kn scspnjaf, nl prcjnsc qun jcrrnspc`kn ns fvnrehufr, e`kfhfr y

jcgpfrter lf e`quentuk jc` nl supnrecr e`gnkeftc c jc` nl fhn`tn besjfl c oukejefle`tnrveèn`tn. F`tn u`f knù`jef n` qun sn jc`behurf lf trftf kn pnrsc`fs,

pfrtejulfrgn`tn kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns, ns jlfvn kfr jc`cjegen`tc e`gnkeftcfl Geèstnrec pilejc.

Tfrf nllc ns egpcrtf`tn?c Ekn`tebejfr lfs snflns kn flnrtf y lfs pcseilns veclfjec`ns kn knrnjacs qun punkn`

nstfr sen`kc kntnjtfkfs.

Jc`treiuer f nvetfr lf rnvejtegezfje` kn quen`ns snf` pctn`jeflns vjtegfs kntrftf kn pnrsc`fs

N` nl jfsc kn n`trfr n` jc`tfjtc jc` pctn`jeflns vjtegfs kn trftf kn pnrsc`fs,rnsultf jlfvn pfrf lf e`tnrvn`je` qun snf` trftfkfs jcgc e`cjn`tns y `c jcgc

scspnjacsfs c julpfilns.

E`jlusc juf`kc sn trftf kn u`f jc`keje` kn nxplctfje` snxufl, è`hu`f pnrsc`f

punkn iusjfrsn nsf jc`keje`, se`c qun nbnjtevfgn`tn ten`n qun snr n`hffkf c afinrsekc fgn`fzfkf pfrf n`jc`trfrsn n` nllf.

Tcr nllc sn egpcrtf`tn?

c Gf`tn`nr u` trftc fknjufkc, llfgf`kc f lf pnrsc`f pcr su `cgirn (c nl `cgirnqun nllf k).

c Gen`trfs knif pnrgf`njnr n` lf uèkfk pclejefl, prcvnnrln kn u` nspfjec snhurc yjc`bcrtfiln jc`bcrgn f lfs jc`kejec`ns kespcèilns, pnrc kebnrn`tn fl kn lfs

pnrsc`fs kntnèkfs y kngcrfkfs pcr lf prnsu`je` kn jcgese` kn knletcs. N` nl

jfsc kn qun sn trftn kn guonrns, knin` nstfr snpfrfkfs kn lcs acgirns.


30/83


Fsu`je`, Hlcifl E`bf`jef, 9441 :4

N` nl jfsc kn qun sn trftn kn fkclnsjn`tns, èfs c ècs, knin` nstfr n` luhfrns

kebnrn`tns fl kn lfs pnrsc`fs fkultfs. Juf`kc sn kukn kn lf nkfk, n`trnfkclnsjn`tn y fkultc, snr jc`seknrfkc fkclnsjn`tn y n`trn èc y fkclnsjn`tn,

snr jc`seknrfkc èc.

Knin iusjfrsn u` luhfr snhurc y prctnhekc kc`kn punkf` pnrgf`njnr, @^@JF n`

u` jn`trc pnètn`jefrec.

c Trctnhnr su ekn`tekfk f`tn lcs gnkecs kn jcguèjfje`, nvetf`kc kfr su `cgirn

(sclc eèjeflns c `cgirns bejtejecs) y ctrcs kftcs qun lf punkf` e`kevekuflezfr

(jcgc nl `cgirn kn sus pfkrns, lf nsjunlf f lf qun fsestf, nl ifrrec knrnsekn`jef, ntj.).

Nstf prctnjje` e`jluyn lf nlege`fje` kn nstcs kftcs n` lfs knjlfrfjec`ns f lfprn`sf y n` lfs jcpefs n`trnhfkfs kn fjtfs pclejeflns y oukejeflns.

c

Juf`kc sn trftn kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns ns rnjcgn`kfiln jc`tfjtfr jc`Jcknè pfrf vnrebejfr se punkn jclficrfr n` lf ekn`tebejfje` kn sus bfgelefrns f

trfvs knl jc`tfjtc jc` Jcknè kn lf guèjepflekfk kn kc`kn kejn prcvnèr y pfrf

qun n` fjunrkc jc` nl Ouzhfkc kn ènz y fkclnsjn`jef punkf` hnstec`fr surntcr`c c su jclcjfje` prcvescref jc` u`f bfgelef kn lf lcjflekfk c u` gengirc

kn su bfgelef fgplefkf.

Bfvcrnjnr lf e`tnrvn`je` n` jcòu`tc n`trn kebnrn`tns gietcs oureskejjec`flns

e`vclujrfkcs n` lf trftf.

^`f setufje` kn trftf kn pnrsc`fs y nxplctfje` lficrfl egplejf fl gn`cs f lcs

ouzhfkcs pn`flns y lcs ouzhfkcs lficrflns, y juf`kc nst` e`vclujrfkfs èfs, ècs y

fkclnsjn`tns jcgc vjtegfs (kernjtfs c e`kernjtfs) tfgie` n`trf` n` ounhc bu`jec`nskn lcs ouzhfkcs kn ènz y fkclnsjn`jef.

Lf e`tnrvn`je` n` jcòu`tc, fu` juf`kc `c nst guy kebu`kekf, punkn jc`treiuerfknjufkfgn`tn f lf pnrsnjuje` pn`fl y jevel kn lcs rnspc`sfilns y f lf prctnjje`

e`tnhrfl kn lfs vjtegfs.

9. N` lf Tclejf @fjec`fl

Kebu`ker n`trn lcs onbns y lfs onbfs kn jcgesfrfs y suijcgesfrfs y n`trn nlpnrsc`fl kn jflln lcs renshcs kn lf trftf kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns n` lfs

jcguèkfkns y lcs gnjfèsgcs pfrf su prnvn`je` y ftn`je` kernjtf.

N` tckfs lfs fjjec`ns kn prnsn`jef jcguètfref kn lf e`stetuje` pclejefl, kninrfe`jluersn lf prnvn`je` kn nxplctfje` lficrfl y kn lf trftf jc` juflquner be`, kn bcrgf

tfl qun nspnjeflgn`tn punkf` snr jcgprn`kekcs pcr ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns y pcrlfs pnrsc`fs qun nst` n` jc`tfjtc jc` nllfs y nllcs (jcgc sus pfkrns y gfkrns, sus

pfren`tns prxegcs, lcs y lfs kcjn`tns y ctrfs pnrsc`fs nkujfkcrfs).

Lf nxplctfje` lficrfl, n` tckfs sus bcrgfs, ns u` ftn`tfkc jc`trf lcs knrnjacs

augf`cs pcrqun ènhf lfs jc`kejec`ns pfrf qun lf pnrsc`f punkf knsfrrcllfrsn y

nlnher su gckc kn vekf. N` pfrtejulfr, lf nxplctfje` kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tnsfkquenrn u` sn`tekc kn kciln `nhfje` pcrqun n` nstf ntfpf kn lf vekf sn sen`tf` lfs


31/83



ifsns kn lf pnrsc`flekfk y knl bu`jec`fgen`tc knl crhfèsgc, jc`trf lc qun ftn`tf`

lfs jc`kejec`ns kn nxplctfje`.

[ckf bcrgf kn trftf egplejf u`f bcrgf kn nxplctfje`, pcr lc qun ns egpcrtf`tnnonrjnr u`f prnvn`je` fgplef n` nstn sn`tekc.

c Tfrf rnflezfr nstn trfifoc punkn snr tel jc`tnxtuflezfr lf trftf y lf nxplctfje`lficrfl jc` lcs y lfs fhn`tns kn pclejf y n`bcjfrlf knskn lfs `njnsekfkns y

setufjec`ns qun nllcs y nllfs ekn`tebejf` n` nl n`tcr`c kn lfs jcguèkfkns n` quntrfifof`.

c Fsegesgc, n` nl trfifoc kn prnvn`je` jcguètfref qun punkn` ngprn`knr

flhu`fs jcgesfrfs y suijcgesfrfs ns egpcrtf`tn qun punkf` e`jluer, se` jfnr n`flfrgesgcs, lf nxplctfje` lficrfl y lf trftf n`trn lcs pcseilns renhcs f qun sn

nxpc`n f èfs, ècs y fkclnsjn`tns n` ùnstrf scjenkfk.

Jc`treiuer f qun nl pnrsc`fl pclejefl y knl Geèstnrec pilejc nst` n` jc`kejec`ns

kn ekn`tebejfr pctn`jeflns setufjec`ns kn trftf kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns,pfrtejulfrgn`tn jc` be`ns kn nxplctfje` lficrfl.


prckujen`kc u`f nxplctfje` kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns pcr quen`ns prnsn`tn`knù`jefs n` lfs jcgesfrfs y suijcgesfrfs n e`jlusc n` lfs e`tnrvn`jec`ns qun sn

rnflejn` fjcgpff`kc fl Ouzhfkc c fl Geèstnrec pilejc.

N` ctrfs cjfsec`ns, punkn rnsultfr nvekn`tn pfrf nl fhn`tn kn pclejf u`f setufje` kn

trftf y kn nxplctfje` lficrfl kurf`tn u`f rc`kf rute`fref.

Tfrf lcs jfscs kn scspnjaf, nl prcjnsc qun jcrrnspc`kn ns fvnrehufr, e`kfhfr y

jcgpfrter lf e`quentuk jc` nl supnrecr e`gnkeftc c jc` nl fhn`tn besjfl c oukejefl

e`tnrveèn`tn. F`tn u`f knù`jef n` qun sn jc`behurf lf trftf kn pnrsc`fs,pfrtejulfrgn`tn kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns, ns jlfvn kfr jc`cjegen`tc e`gnkeftc

fl Geèstnrec pilejc.

Tfrf nllc ns egpcrtf`tn?

c Ekn`tebejfr lfs snflns kn flnrtf y lfs pcseilns veclfjec`ns kn knrnjacs qun punkn`nstfr sen`kc kntnjtfkfs.

Jc`treiuer f nvetfr lf rnvejtegezfje` kn quen`ns snf` pctn`jeflns vjtegfs kn

trftf kn pnrsc`fs

N` nl jfsc kn n`trfr n` jc`tfjtc jc` pctn`jeflns vjtegfs kn trftf kn pnrsc`fs,

rnsultf jlfvn pfrf lf e`tnrvn`je` pclejefl qun snf` trftfkfs jcgc e`cjn`tns y `cjcgc scspnjacsfs c julpfilns.

E`jlusc juf`kc sn trftf kn u`f jc`keje` kn nxplctfje` snxufl, è`hu`f pnrsc`fpunkn iusjfrsn nsf jc`keje`, se`c qun nbnjtevfgn`tn ten`n qun snr n`hffkf c afinr

sekc fgn`fzfkf pfrf n`jc`trfrsn n` nllf.

Tcr nllc sn egpcrtf`tn?

c Gf`tn`nr u` trftc fknjufkc, llfgf`kc f lf pnrsc`f pcr su `cgirn (c nl `cgirn

qun nllf k).


32/83



c Gen`trfs knif pnrgf`njnr n` lf uèkfk pclejefl, prcvnnrln kn u` nspfjec snhurc y

jc`bcrtfiln jc`bcrgn f lfs jc`kejec`ns kespcèilns, pnrc kebnrn`tn fl kn lfspnrsc`fs kntnèkfs y kngcrfkfs pcr lf prnsu`je` kn jcgese` kn knletcs. N` nl

jfsc kn qun sn trftn kn guonrns, knin` nstfr snpfrfkfs kn lcs acgirns.

N` nl jfsc kn qun sn trftn kn fkclnsjn`tns, èfs c ècs, knin` nstfr n` luhfrns

kebnrn`tns fl kn lfs pnrsc`fs fkultfs. Juf`kc sn kukn kn lf nkfk, n`trnfkclnsjn`tn y fkultc, snr jc`seknrfkc fkclnsjn`tn y n`trn èc y fkclnsjn`tn,

snr jc`seknrfkc èc.

c Trctnhnr su ekn`tekfk f`tn lcs gnkecs kn jcguèjfje`, nvetf`kc kfr su `cgirn(sclc eèjeflns c `cgirns bejtejecs) y ctrcs kftcs qun lf punkf` e`kevekuflezfr

(jcgc nl `cgirn kn sus pfkrns, lf nsjunlf f lf qun fsestf, nl ifrrec knrnsekn`jef, ntj.).

Nstf prctnjje` e`jluyn lf nlege`fje` kn nstcs kftcs n` lfs knjlfrfjec`ns f lfprn`sf y n` lfs jcpefs n`trnhfkfs kn fjtfs pclejeflns.

c Juf`kc sn trftn kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns ns rnjcgn`kfiln jc`tfjtfr jc`

Jcknè pfrf vnrebejfr se punkn jclficrfr n` lf ekn`tebejfje` kn sus bfgelefrns ftrfvs knl jc`tfjtc jc` Jcknè kn lf guèjepflekfk kn kc`kn kejn prcvnèr y pfrf

qun n` fjunrkc jc` nl Ouzhfkc kn ènz y fkclnsjn`jef punkf` hnstec`fr surntcr`c c su jclcjfje` prcvescref jc` u`f bfgelef kn lf lcjflekfk c u` gengirc

kn su bfgelef fgplefkf.

:. N` lfs Jc`snonrfs guèjepflns pcr lcs knrnjacs kn efs, ècs y

fkclnsjn`tns (Jcknè) Kebu`ker n` lf jcguèkfk lf prnvn`je` kn lfs bcrgfs kn nxplctfje` lficrfl

jc` ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn tns y jc` sus pfkrns y gfkrns

N` tckcs lcs prchrfgfs kn kebuse` kn lcs knrnjacs kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns sn

kninrf e`jluer lf prnvn`je` kn nxplctfje` lficrfl y kn lf trftf jc` juflquner be`, kn

bcrgf tfl qun nspnjeflgn`tn punkf` snr jcgprn`kekcs pcr ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tnsy pcr lfs pnrsc`fs qun nst` n` jc`tfjtc jc` nllfs y nllcs (jcgc sus pfkrns y gfkrns,

sus pfren`tns prxegcs, lcs y lfs kcjn`tns y ctrfs pnrsc`fs nkujfkcrfs).


augf`cs pcrqun ènhf lfs jc`kejec`ns pfrf qun lf pnrsc`f punkf knsfrrcllfrsn ynlnher su gckc kn vekf. N` pfrtejulfr, lf nxplctfje` kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tnsfkquenrn u` sn`tekc kn kciln `nhfje` pcrqun n` nstf ntfpf kn lf vekf sn sen`tf` lfs

ifsns kn lf pnrsc`flekfk y knl bu`jec`fgen`tc knl crhfèsgc, jc`trf lc qun ftn`tf`lfs jc`kejec`ns kn nxplctfje`.


c Tfrf rnflezfr nstn trfifoc punkn snr tel jc`tnxtuflezfr jc` ècs, èfs y

fkclnsjn`tns lf tngtejf y n`bcjfrlf knskn lfs `njnsekfkns y setufjec`ns qun nllcsy nllfs ekn`tebejf` n` su n`tcr`c y n` su jctekef`c.


33/83


Fsu`je`, Hlcifl E`bf`jef, 9441 ::

c Fsegesgc, jc` lfs pnrsc`fs fkultfs kninrf` e`jluersn, se` jfnr n` flfrgesgcs, lf

nxplctfje` lficrfl y lf trftf n`trn lcs pcseilns renhcs f qun sn nxpc`n f èfs,

ècs y fkclnsjn`tns n` ùnstrf scjenkfk.

Trnstfr nspnjefl ftn`je` f lfs snflns kn flnrtf n` lcs jfscs qun sn prnsn`tn`

f`tn lf Jc`snonrf


prckujen`kc u`f nxplctfje` kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns pcr quen`ns sn prnsn`tf`rnqunregen`tcs n` Jcknè. N` ctrfs cjfsec`ns, punkn rnsultfr nvekn`tn.

Tfrf lcs jfscs kn scspnjaf, jc`ven`n fvnrehufr, e`kfhfr y jcgpfrter jc` jclnhfs ynspnjeflestfs. N` tf`tc, n` lcs jfscs n` qun rnsultn nvekn`tn lf setufje` knin

jc`tfjtfrsn e`gnkeftfgn`tn jc` lf Besjflf pn`fl y prnstfr ftn`je` f qun lcs

knrnjacs kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns vjtegfs nst` jc`tngplfkcs n` tckc nlprcjnsc.

Tfrf nllc ns egpcrtf`tn?c Ekn`tebejfr lfs snflns kn flnrtf y lfs pcseilns veclfjec`ns kn knrnjacs qun punkn`

nstfr sen`kc kntnjtfkfs.

c Gf`tn`nr bluekc jc`tfjtc jc` lf Besjflf pn`fl f be` kn qun lcs jfscs rnqunrekcspunkf` snr fknjufkfgn`tn ftn`kekcs.

;. Nkujfkcrns y nkujfkcrfs n` nsjunlfs y jclnhecs61, fjfkngefs kn frtn yjulturf, jn`trcs kn bcrgfje` prcbnsec`fl, nsjunlfs y jluins knpcrtevcs,jcguèkfkns rnlehecsfs y jn`trcs jcguètfrecs

Jcgpfrter scirn lf prnvn`je` kn lfs bcrgfs kn nxplctfje` lficrfl jc` ècs,èfs y fkclnsjn`tns y jc` sus pfkrns y gfkrns

Jc` quen`ns pfrtejepf` kn lcs prchrfgfs qun prcgcvngcs pckngcs n`jc`trfr gckcs

y cpcrtuèkfkns pfrf jc`vnrsfr scirn lcs renshcs qun n`trff`lcs trfifocs qunpfrnjn` bjelns y kn gujacs e`hrnscs.

Lf nxplctfje` lficrfl, n` tckfs sus bcrgfs, ns u` ftn`tfkc jc`trf lcs knrnjacsaugf`cs pcrqun ènhf lfs jc`kejec`ns pfrf qun punkf knsfrrcllfrsn y nlnher su gckc

kn vekf. N` pfrtejulfr, lf nxplctfje` kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns fkquenrn u`

sn`tekc kn kciln `nhfje` pcrqun n` nstf ntfpf kn lf vekf sn sen`tf` lfs ifsns kn lfpnrsc`flekfk y knl bu`jec`fgen`tc knl crhfèsgc, jc`trf lc qun ftn`tf` lfs

jc`kejec`ns kn nxplctfje`.

[ckf bcrgf kn trftf egplejf u`f bcrgf kn nxplctfje`, pcr lc qun ns egpcrtf`tn

nonrjnr u`f prnvn`je` fgplef n` nstn sn`tekc.

c Tfrf rnflezfr nstn trfifoc punkn snr tel jc`tnxtuflezfr jc` ècs, èfs y

fkclnsjn`tns lf tngtejf y n`bcjfrlf knskn lfs `njnsekfkns y setufjec`ns qun nllcs

y nllfs ekn`tebejf` n` su n`tcr`c y n` su jctekef`c.

61Gs rnbnrn jefs scirn nl rcl kn lf nsjunlf bcrgfl n lf prnvn je kn lf trftf kn pnrsc fs, pfrtejulfrgn tn kn ecs, efs yfkclnsjn tns punkn vnrsn n ? Hlcifl E bf jef (9448)? Nstf vnz llnhfgcs f tengpc.Fsu je ? Hlcifl E bf jef.


34/83


Fsu`je`, Hlcifl E`bf`jef, 9441 :;

N`jfge`fr lcs jfscs kntnjtfkcs afjef quen`ns punkn` ire`kfr rnspunstfs ygf`tn`nr lf vehelf`jef y lf jc`tn`je`.

Gujafs vnjns pckngcs n`jc`trfr setufjec`ns n` lfs juflns pfrnjenrf qun sn nstprckujen`kc u`f nxplctfje` n`trn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns jc` quen`nstrfifofgcs. N` ctrfs cjfsec`ns, punkn rnsultfr nvekn`tn.

Tfrf lcs jfscs kn scspnjaf, jc`ven`n fvnrehufr, e`kfhfr y jcgpfrter jc` jclnhfs ynspnjeflestfs. N` tf`tc, n` lcs jfscs n` qun rnsultn nvekn`tn lf setufje` knin

jc`tfjtfrsn e`gnkeftfgn`tn jc` lf Jcknè pfrf qun fjcgpfn tckf lf e`tnrvn`je`qun knin rnflezfr lf Besjflf.

Tfrf nstn prcjnsc ns egpcrtf`tn?

c Cbrnjnr lf cpcrtuèkfk kn qun sn hn`nrn` v`julcs kn jc`bef`zf jc` ècs, èfs yfkclnsjn`tns.

c Jc`tfr jc` lcs jf`flns jcrrnspc`ken`tns pfrf lf ftn`je` f setufjec`ns qunpckfgcs ekn`tebejfr n` qun `c sn jugplf` jc` lcs knrnjacs kn ècs, èfs y

fkclnsjn`tns, e`jluekf lf trftf.

c Hn`nrfr gnjfèsgcs pfrf ire`kfr nl fjcgpffgen`tc nbnjtevc y jcgprcgntekcjuf`kc sn kntnjtn` vjtegfs.

>. N` nl sestngf kn sfluk(prcgctcrfs y prcgctcrns kn sfluk, trfifofkcrns y trfifofkcrfsjcguètfrefs, n`bnrgnrfs y n`bnrgnrcs, gkejfs y gkejcs

y ctrcs y ctrfs prcbnsec`flns kn lf sfluk) Jcgpfrter scirn lf prnvn`je` kn lfs bcrgfs kn nxplctfje` lficrfl jc` nl

pnrsc`fl kn lcs nstfilnjegen`tcs kn sfluk y jc` lcs lcs gengircs kn lf jcguèkfk

Jc` quen`ns pfrtejepf` kn lcs prchrfgfs qun prcgcvngcs pckngcs n`jc`trfr gckcs

y cpcrtuèkfkns pfrf jc`vnrsfr scirn lcs renshcs qun n`trff`lcs trfifocs qun

pfrnjn` bjelns y kn gujacs e`hrnscs.


augf`cs pcrqun ènhf lfs jc`kejec`ns pfrf qun punkf knsfrrcllfrsn y nlnher su gckckn vekf. N` pfrtejulfr, lf nxplctfje` kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns fkquenrn u`

sn`tekc kn kciln `nhfje` pcrqun n` nstf ntfpf kn lf vekf sn sen`tf` lfs ifsns kn lfpnrsc`flekfk y knl bu`jec`fgen`tc knl crhfèsgc, jc`trf lc qun ftn`tf` lfsjc`kejec`ns kn nxplctfje`.


c Tfrf rnflezfr nstn trfifoc punkn snr tel jc`tnxtuflezfr lf tngtejf n` nl gietckn lf sfluk y n`bcjfrlf knskn lfs `njnsekfkns, setufjec`ns y renshcs qun lfs

pnrsc`fs ekn`tebejf` n` su n`tcr`c y n` su jctekef`c.


35/83


Fsu`je`, Hlcifl E`bf`jef, 9441 :>

c Fsegesgc, n` nl trfifoc kn prnvn`je` jcguètfref ns egpcrtf`tn qun punkf`

e`jluersn, se` jfnr n` flfrgesgcs, lf nxplctfje` lficrfl y lf trftf n`trn lcspcseilns renhcs f qun sn nxpc`n f èfs, ècs y fkclnsjn`tns n` ùnstrf scjenkfk.

N`jfge`fr lcs jfscs kntnjtfkcs afjef quen`ns punkn` ire`kfr rnspunstfs ygf`tn`nr lf vehelf`jef y lf jc`tn`je`

Gujafs vnjns pckngcs n`jc`trfr setufjec`ns n` lfs juflns pfrnjenrf qun sn nstprckujen`kc u`f nxplctfje` n`trn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns jc` quen`ns

trfifofgcs. N` ctrfs cjfsec`ns, punkn rnsultfr nvekn`tn.

Tfrf lcs jfscs kn scspnjaf, jc`ven`n fvnrehufr, e`kfhfr y jcgpfrter jc` jclnhfs y

nspnjeflestfs. N` tf`tc, n` lcs jfscs n` qun rnsultn nvekn`tn lf setufje` knin

jc`tfjtfrsn e`gnkeftfgn`tn jc` lf Jcknè pfrf qun fjcgpfn tckf lf e`tnrvn`je`qun knin rnflezfr lf Besjflf.

Tfrf nstn prcjnsc ns egpcrtf`tn qun?

c Cbrnjnr lf cpcrtuèkfk kn qun sn hn`nrn` v`julcs kn jc`bef`zf jc` lfs pnrsc`fs

qun utelezfr nl sestngf kn sfluk, pfrtejulfrgn`tn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns.

c Jc`tfr jc` lcs jf`flns jcrrnspc`ken`tns pfrf lf ftn`je` f setufjec`ns qunpckfgcs ekn`tebejfr n` qun `c sn jugplf` jc` lcs knrnjacs kn ècs, èfs y

fkclnsjn`tns, e`jluekf lf trftf.

c Hn`nrfr gnjfèsgcs pfrf ire`kfr nl fjcgpffgen`tc nbnjtevc y jcgprcgntekc

juf`kc sn kntnjtn y snf knrevfkc flh` jfsc.

Jc`treiuer f qun tckc nl pnrsc`fl kn sfluk nst n` jc`kejec`ns kn ekn`tebejfr

pctn`jeflns setufjec`ns kn trftf kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns, pfrtejulfrgn`tnjc` be`ns kn nxplctfje` lficrfl


prckujen`kc u`f nxplctfje` kn ècs, èfs y fkclnsjn`tns qun fjukn` fl punstc cjn`trc kn sfluk c fl acspetfl kestretfl c rnhec

PARA LLEGAR A TIEMPO - ASUNCION 2008 - PARAGUAY - GI - PORTALGUARANI

Documents

Transcript of PARA LLEGAR A TIEMPO - ASUNCION 2008 - PARAGUAY - GI - PORTALGUARANI